University of California, Berkeley

12/20/2016
UniversityofCalifornia,BerkeleyWikipedia
UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley
Coordinates:37.870N122.259W
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia
TheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,(alsoreferredto
asBerkeley,UCBerkeley,andCal)[7]isapublic
researchuniversitylocatedinBerkeley,California.
Foundedin1868,Berkeleyistheoldestofthetenresearch
universitiesaffiliatedwiththeUniversityofCalifornia
system,andisoftencitedasthetoppublicuniversityin
theUnitedStatesandaroundtheworld.[8][9][10][11][12][13]
Establishedin1868astheresultofthemergerofthe
privateCollegeofCaliforniaandthepublicAgricultural,
Mining,andMechanicalArtsCollegeinOakland,
Berkeleyoffersapproximately350undergraduateand
graduatedegreeprogramsinawiderangeof
disciplines.[14]TheDwinelleBillofMarch5,1868
(CaliforniaAssemblyBillNo.583)statedthatthe
"Universityshallhaveforitsdesign,toprovideinstruction
andthoroughandcompleteeducationinalldepartmentsof
science,literatureandart,industrialandprofession[al]
pursuits,andgeneraleducation,andalsospecialcourses
ofinstructioninpreparationfortheprofessions...."[15][16]
CalcomanagesthreeUnitedStatesDepartmentofEnergy
NationalLaboratories,includingLawrenceBerkeley
NationalLaboratory,LawrenceLivermoreNational
LaboratoryandLosAlamosNationalLaboratoryforthe
U.S.DepartmentofEnergy,andishometomanyworld
renownedresearchinstitutesandorganizationsincluding
MathematicalSciencesResearchInstituteandSpace
SciencesLaboratory.
Berkeleyfaculty,alumni,andresearchershavewon92
NobelPrizes(including32alumniNobellaureates),9
WolfPrizes,13FieldsMedals(including3alumni
medalists),22TuringAwards(including11alumni
awardees),45MacArthurFellowships,[17]20Academy
Awards,14PulitzerPrizes[18]and117Olympicgold
medals(51silverand39bronze).[19]Todate,alongwith
BerkeleyLab,UCBerkeleyscientistsandresearchers
havediscovered16chemicalelementsoftheperiodic
tablemorethananyotheruniversityintheworld.[20][21]
LawrenceLivermoreLabalsodiscoveredorco
discoveredsixchemicalelements(113to118).[22][23]
BerkeleyisafoundingmemberoftheAssociationof
AmericanUniversitiesandcontinuestohaveveryhigh
researchactivitywith$744millioninresearchand
developmentexpendituresinthefiscalyearendingJune
30,2014.[24][25]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley
UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley
SealoftheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley[1]
Motto
Fiatlux(Latin)
Motto
inEnglish
Lettherebelight
Type
Flagship
Publicresearchuniversity
LandGrant
Established
March23,1868
Endowment
$4.045billion(2015)[2]
Chancellor
NicholasDirks
Students
38,204(Fall2015)[3]
Undergraduates 27,496(Fall2015)[3]
Postgraduates
10,708(Fall2015)[3]
Location
Berkeley,California,U.S.
Campus
Urban
Total1,232acres(499ha)Core
Campus178acres(72ha)[4]
Totallandowned6,679acres
(2,703ha)[5]
Colors
BerkeleyBlue&CaliforniaGold[6]

Athletics
NCAADivisionIPac12
Nickname
GoldenBears
Mascot
OskitheBear
Affiliations
Website
UniversityofCalifornia
system,AAU,IARU,URA,
APRU,APLU
www.berkeley.edu(http://www.ber
keley.edu)
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BerkeleyisconsideredbytheTimesHigherEducation
WorldUniversityRankingsasoneofsixuniversitybrands
thatleadinworldreputationrankingsin2016[26]andis
rankedthirdontheU.S.News '2015BestGlobal
UniversitiesrankingsconductedintheU.S.andnearly50othercountries.[27]TheAcademicRankingofWorld
Universities(ARWU)alsorankstheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,thirdintheworldoverall,andfirst
amongpublicuniversities.
Contents
1 History
1.1 Funding
1.2 Name
2 Academics
2.1 Undergraduateprograms
2.2 Graduateandprofessionalprograms
2.3 Facultyandresearch
2.4 Librarysystem
2.5 Rankingsandreputation
2.5.1 Global
2.5.2 National
3 Discoveriesandinnovation
4 Campus
4.1 Architecture
4.2 Naturalfeatures
4.3 Environmentalrecord
5 Organizationandadministration
5.1 Universityfinances
5.1.1 Financialaidandscholarshipprograms
6 Admissionsandenrollment
7 Studentlifeandtraditions
7.1 Studenthousing
7.1.1 Universityhousing
7.1.2 Cooperativehousing
7.1.3 Fraternitiesandsororities
7.2 Studentrunorganizations
7.2.1 Studentgovernment
7.2.2 Communicationsmedia
7.2.3 Studentgroups
7.3 Athletics
7.3.1 CaliforniaStanfordrivalry
7.3.2 Nationalchampionships
8 Notablealumni,faculty,andstaff
8.1 Faculty
8.2 Alumni
9 Seealso
10 Notesandreferences
11 Furtherreadingandviewing
12 Externallinks
History
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In1866,theprivateCollegeofCaliforniapurchasedtheland
comprisingthecurrentBerkeleycampus.Becauseitlackedsufficient
fundstooperate,iteventuallymergedwiththestaterunAgricultural,
Mining,andMechanicalArtsCollegetoformtheUniversityof
California,thefirstfullcurriculumpublicuniversityinthestate.
Tenfacultymembersandalmost40studentsmadeupthenew
UniversityofCaliforniawhenitopenedinOaklandin1869.[28]
FrederickH.BillingswasatrusteeoftheCollegeofCaliforniaand
suggestedthatthecollegebenamedinhonoroftheAngloIrish
philosopherGeorgeBerkeley.[29]In1870,HenryDurant,thefounderof
theCollegeofCalifornia,becamethefirstpresident.Withthe
completionofNorthandSouthHallsin1873,theuniversityrelocatedto
itsBerkeleylocationwith167maleand22femalestudents[30]andheld
itsfirstclasses.[31]
View,fromMemorialGlade,of
SatherTower(TheCampanile),the
centerofUCBerkeley.Theringof
itsbellsandclockcanbeheardfrom
allovercampus.
Beginningin1891,PhoebeAppersonHearstmadeseverallargegiftstoBerkeley,fundinganumberof
programsandnewbuildings,andsponsoring,in1898,aninternationalcompetitioninAntwerp,Belgium,
whereFrencharchitectmileBnardsubmittedthewinningdesignforacampusmasterplan.In1905,the
UniversityFarmwasestablishednearSacramento,ultimatelybecomingtheUniversityofCalifornia,Davis.[32]
Bythe1920s,thenumberofcampusbuildingshadgrownsubstantially,andincludedtwentystructures
designedbyarchitectJohnGalenHoward.[33]
RobertGordonSproulservedaspresidentfrom1930to1958.[34]By1942,theAmericanCouncilonEducation
rankedUCBerkeleysecondonlytoHarvardUniversityinthenumberofdistinguisheddepartments.[34]
DuringWorldWarII,followingGlennSeaborg'sthensecretdiscovery
ofplutonium,ErnestOrlandoLawrence'sRadiationLaboratorybeganto
contractwiththeU.S.Armytodeveloptheatomicbomb.UCBerkeley
physicsprofessorJ.RobertOppenheimerwasnamedscientificheadof
theManhattanProjectin1942.[35][36]AlongwiththeLawrence
BerkeleyNationalLaboratory(formerlytheRadiationLab),Berkeleyis
nowapartnerinmanagingtwootherlabs,LosAlamosNational
Laboratory(1943)andLawrenceLivermoreNationalLaboratory
(1952).
Originally,militarytrainingwascompulsoryformaleundergraduates,
andBerkeleyhousedanarmoryforthatpurpose.In1917,Berkeley's
ROTCprogramwasestablished,[37]anditsSchoolofMilitary
UCBerkeleyStudentsparticipateina
Aeronauticstrainedfuturepilots,includingJimmyDoolittle,who
onedayPeaceStrikeopposingU.S.
graduatedwithaB.A.in1922.BothRobertMcNamaraandFrederick
involvementinWorldWarII.April
C.WeyandgraduatedfromUCBerkeley'sROTCprogram,earning
19,1940
B.A.degreesin1937and1938,respectively.In1926,futurefleet
admiralChesterW.NimitzestablishedthefirstNavalReserveOfficers
TrainingCorpsunitatBerkeley.DuringWorldWarII,themilitaryincreaseditspresenceoncampustorecruit
moreofficers,andby1944,morethan1,000BerkeleystudentswereenrolledintheV12NavyCollege
TrainingProgramandnavaltrainingschoolfordieselengineering.[38]TheBoardofRegentsendedcompulsory
militarytrainingatBerkeleyin1962.
DuringtheMcCarthyerain1949,theBoardofRegentsadoptedananticommunistloyaltyoath.Anumberof
facultymembersobjectedandweredismissed[39]tenyearspassedbeforetheywerereinstatedwithback
pay.[40]
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In1952,theUniversityofCaliforniabecameanentityseparatefromtheBerkeleycampus.Eachcampuswas
givenrelativeautonomyanditsownChancellor.ThenpresidentSproulassumedpresidencyoftheentire
UniversityofCaliforniasystem,andClarkKerrbecamethefirstChancellorofUCBerkeley.[34]
Berkeleygainedareputationforstudentactivisminthe1960swiththe
FreeSpeechMovementof1964[41]andoppositiontotheVietnamWar.
InthehighlypublicizedPeople'sParkprotestin1969,studentsandthe
schoolconflictedoveruseofaplotoflandtheNationalGuardwas
calledinandviolenceerupted.ThengovernorofCaliforniaRonald
ReagancalledtheBerkeleycampus"ahavenforcommunist
sympathizers,protesters,andsexdeviants."[41][42][43]Modernstudents
atBerkeleyarelesspoliticallyactive,withagreaterpercentageof
moderatesandconservatives.[44][45]DemocratsoutnumberRepublicans
onthefacultybyaratioof9:1.[46]
VarioushumanandanimalrightsgroupshaveconflictedwithBerkeley.
NativeAmericansconflictedwiththeschooloverrepatriationof
remainsfromthePhoebeA.HearstMuseumofAnthropology.[47]
Animalrightsactivistshavethreatenedfacultymembersusinganimals
forresearch.[48]Theschool'sresponsetotreesittersprotesting
constructioncausedcontroversyinthelocalcommunity.[49]
SatherTower(theCampanile)
lookingoutovertheSanFrancisco
BayandMountTamalpais.
OnMay1,2014,UCBerkeleywasnamedoneoffiftyfivehigher
educationinstitutionsunderinvestigationbytheOfficeofCivilRights
"forpossibleviolationsoffederallawoverthehandlingofsexualviolenceandharassmentcomplaints"bythe
WhiteHouseTaskForcetoProtectStudentsfromSexualAssault.[50]Theinvestigationcomesafter31female
studentsmadethreefederalcomplaints:first,aCleryActcomplaintwasfiledinMay2013,andthen,aftera
lackofresponsefromtheUniversity,asecondCleryActComplaintandTitleIXcomplaintwerefiledon
February26,2014.[51]Investigationshavecontinuedinto2016,withhundredsofpagesofrecordsreleasedin
April2016,showingapatternofdocumentedsexualharassmentandfiringsofnontenuredstaff.[52]
Funding
Asstatefundingdeclined,[53]Berkeleyturnedtoprivatesources:BPdonated$400millionover10yearsto
developbiofuels,[54]theHewlettFoundationgave$113milliontoendow100facultychairs,andDow
Chemicalgave$10milliontoresearchsustainability.[55][56]TheBPgranthasbeencriticizedfordivertingfood
productiontofuelproduction.[57][58]The200813CampaignforBerkeleyraised$3.13billionfrom281,855
donors.[59]
Name
TheoriginalnameUniversityofCaliforniawasfrequentlyshortenedtoCaliforniaorCal.UCBerkeley's
athleticteamsdatetothistimeandsoarereferredtoastheCaliforniaGoldenBears,CalBears,orjustCal.
Today,UniversityofCaliforniareferstoastatewideschoolsystem.ReferringtotheUniversityofCalifornia,
BerkeleyasUCBorUniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeleyisdiscouraged[60]andthedomainnameis
berkeley.edu.Moreover,theterm"CalBerkeley"isnotacorrectreferencetotheschool,butisoccasionally
used.BerkeleyisunaffiliatedwiththeBerkleeCollegeofMusicorBerkeleyCollege.
Academics
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Berkeleyisalarge,primarilyresidentialresearchuniversitywithamajorityofenrollmentsinundergraduate
programsbutalsooffersacomprehensivedoctoralgraduateprogram.[61]Theuniversityhasbeenaccreditedby
theWesternAssociationofSchoolsandCollegesSeniorCollegeandUniversityCommissionsince1949.[62]
TheuniversityisoneofonlytwoUCcampusesoperatingonasemestercalendar,(theotherisUCMerced).
Berkeleyoffers106Bachelor'sdegrees,88Master'sdegrees,97researchfocuseddoctoralprograms,and31
professionallyfocusedgraduatedegrees.[63]Theuniversityawarded7,565Bachelor's,2,610Master'sor
Professional,and930Doctoraldegreesin201314.[64]
Berkeley's130plusacademicdepartmentsandprogramsareorganizedinto14collegesandschoolsinaddition
toUCBerkeleyExtension.[4]"Colleges"arebothundergraduateandgraduate,while"Schools"aregenerally
graduateonly,thoughsomeofferundergraduatemajors,minors,orcourses.
CollegeofChemistry
CollegeofEngineering
CollegeofEnvironmentalDesign
CollegeofLettersandScience
CollegeofNaturalResources
GraduateSchoolofEducation
GraduateSchoolofJournalism
HaasSchoolofBusiness
GoldmanSchoolofPublicPolicy
SchoolofInformation
SchoolofLaw(BoaltHall)
SchoolofOptometry
SchoolofPublicHealth
SchoolofSocialWelfare
UCBerkeleyExtension
UCBerkeleydoesnothaveamedicalschoolhowever,theuniversityofferstheUCBerkeleyUCSFJoint
MedicalProgramwiththeUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco,astandalonemedicalschoolthatislocated
nearby.
Undergraduateprograms
Thefouryear,fulltimeundergraduateprogramhasafocusontheartsandscienceswithahighlevelofco
existenceinundergraduateandgraduateprograms.Freshmanadmissionisselectivebuttherearehighlevelsof
transferin.[61]107Bachelor'sdegreesareofferedacrosstheHaasSchoolofBusiness(1),CollegeofChemistry
(5),CollegeofEngineering(20),CollegeofEnvironmentalDesign(4),CollegeofLettersandScience(67),
CollegeofNaturalResources(10),andotherindividualmajors(2).[63]ThemostpopularmajorsareElectrical
EngineeringandComputerScience,PoliticalScience,MolecularandCellBiology,EnvironmentalScience,and
Economics.[65]
Requirementsforundergraduatedegreescomefromfoursources:theUniversityofCaliforniasystem,the
Berkeleycampus,thecollegeorschool,andthedepartment.Theserequirementsincludeanentrylevelwriting
requirementbeforeenrollment(typicallyfulfilledbyminimumscoresonstandardizedadmissionsexamssuch
astheSATorACT),completingcourseworkon"AmericanHistoryandInstitutions"beforeorafterenrollment
bytakinganintroductoryclass,passingan"AmericanCulturesBreadth"classatBerkeley,aswellas
requirementsforreadingandcompositionandspecificrequirementsdeclaredbythedepartmentandschool.[66]
Threehourfinalexaminationsarerequiredinmostundergraduateclassesandtakeplaceoveraweekfollowing
thelastdayofinstructioninmidDecemberfortheFallsemesterandinmidMayfortheSpringsemester.[67]
Academicgradesarereportedonafiveletterscale(A,B,C,D,F)withgradepointsbeingmodifiedbythree
tenthsofpointforplusesandminuses.[68]Requirementsforacademichonorsarespecifiedbyindividual
schoolsandcolleges,scholarlyprizesaretypicallyawardedbydepartments,andstudentsareelectedtohonor
societiesbasedontheseorganizations'criteria.[69]
Graduateandprofessionalprograms
Berkeleyhasa"comprehensive"graduateprogramwithhighcoexistencewiththeprogramsofferedto
undergraduates,butnomedicalschool.[61]TheuniversityoffersgraduatedegreesinMaster'sofArt,Master'sof
Science,Master'sofFineArt,andPh.D.sinadditiontoprofessionaldegreessuchastheJurisDoctorand
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MasterofBusinessAdministration.[70]Theuniversityawarded887doctoraldegreesand2,506Master's
degreesin2012.[71]Admissiontograduateprogramsisdecentralizedapplicantsapplydirectlytothe
departmentordegreeprogram.Mostgraduatestudentsaresupportedbyfellowships,teachassistantships,or
researchassistantships.[71]The2010UnitedStatesNationalResearchCouncilRankingsidentifiedUC
Berkeleyashavingthehighestnumberoftoprankeddoctoralprogramsinthenation.[72]UCBerkeleydoctoral
programsthatreceiveda#1rankingincludeAgriculturalandResourceEconomics,Astrophysics,Chemistry,
CivilandEnvironmentalEngineering,ComputerScience,English,Epidemiology,Geography,German,
Mathematics,MechanicalEngineering,BiochemistryandMolecularBiology,Genetics,Genomics,and
Development,Physics,PlantBiology,andPoliticalScience.UCBerkeleywasalsothe#1recipientofNational
ScienceFoundationGraduateResearchFellowshipsbetween2001and2010,with1,333awards.[71]
Facultyandresearch
Berkeleyisaresearchuniversitywitha"veryhigh"levelofresearch
activity.[61]Infiscalyear2014Berkeleyspent$744milliononresearchand
development(R&D).[25]Thereare1,620fulltimeand500parttimefaculty
membersdispersedamongmorethan130academicdepartmentsandmorethan
80interdisciplinaryresearchunits.[73]Berkeley'scurrentfacultyincludes235
AmericanAcademyofArtsandSciencesFellows,3FieldsMedalwinners,77
FulbrightScholars,139GuggenheimFellows,73membersoftheNational
AcademyofEngineering,149membersoftheNationalAcademyof
Sciences,[74]8NobelPrizewinners,4PulitzerPrizewinners,125Sloan
Fellows,7WolfPrizewinnersand1PritzkerPrizewinner.[73][75][76]92Nobel
laureateshavebeenaffiliatedwiththeuniversityasfaculty,alumnior
researchers,themostofanypublicuniversityintheUnitedStatesandsixth
mostofanyuniversityintheworld.
NinetytwoNobelPrizes
havebeenawardedto
universityaffiliatedfaculty,
alumniorresearchers.
Specialsignsindicate
campusparkingspaces
reservedfortheLaureates.
FacultyatUCBerkeleyaremorelikelytoberegisteredDemocratsthan
RepublicansthisissimilartofindingsatStanfordUniversity.[77]
Librarysystem
Berkeley's32librariestietogetherto
makethefourthlargestacademiclibrary
intheUnitedStatessurpassedonlyby
HarvardUniversityLibrary,Yale
UniversityLibraryandUniversityofIllinoisatUrbanaChampaign
Library.[78]However,consideringtherelativesizesandagesofthese
Universitylibraries,Berkeley'scollectionshavebeengrowingaboutas
fastasthoseatHarvardandYalecombined:specifically,1.8timesfaster
thanHarvard,and1.9timesfasterthanYale.In2003,theAssociationof
ResearchLibrariesrankeditasthetoppublicandthirdoverall
ThenorthsideofDoeLibrarywith
universitylibraryinNorthAmericabasedonvariousstatistical
MemorialGladeintheforeground.
measuresofquality.[79]Asof2006,Berkeley'slibrarysystemcontains
over11millionvolumesandmaintainsover70,000serialtitles.[80]The
librariestogethercoverover12acres(4.9ha)oflandandformoneofthelargestlibrarycomplexesinthe
world.[81]DoeLibraryservesasthelibrarysystem'sreference,periodical,andadministrativecenter,whilemost
ofthemaincollectionsarehousedinthesubterraneanGardnerMainStacksandMoffittUndergraduateLibrary.
TheBancroftLibrary,withholdingsofover400,000printedvolumesand70millionmanuscripts,pictorial
items,maps,andmore,maintainsspecialcollectionsthatdocumentthehistoryofthewesternpartofNorth
America,withanemphasisonCalifornia,MexicoandCentralAmerica.TheBancroftLibraryalsohousesThe
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MarkTwainPapers(http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/libraries/bancroftlibrary/marktwainpapers),TheOral
HistoryCenter(http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/libraries/bancroftlibrary/oralhistorycenter),theCenterforthe
TebtunisPapyri(http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/libraries/bancroftlibrary/tebtunispapyri)andtheUniversity
Archives(http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/libraries/bancroftlibrary/universityarchives).
Rankingsandreputation
Global
TheTimesHigherEducationWorldUniversityRankingsfor
20152016ranksBerkeley13thintheworldforacademics
and6thintheworldforreputation.[26]Inits2017edition,
U.S.News&WorldReportrankedBerkeley4thintheir
"BestGlobalUniversityRankings".[27]In2016,Berkeley
wasranked3rdintheworldbytheAcademicRankingof
WorldUniversities(ARWU)and28thinthe2016/17QS
WorldUniversityRankings.TheCenterforWorldUniversity
Rankings(CWUR)rankedtheuniversity7thintheworld
basedonqualityofeducation,alumniemployment,quality
offaculty,publications,influence,citations,broadimpact,
andpatentsin2015.[91]In2016,theNatureIndexranked
Berkeley7thintheworldbasedonresearchpublication
outputintoptieracademicjournalsinthelifesciences,
chemistry,earthandenvironmentalsciencesandphysical
sciencesbasedonpublicationdatafrom2015.[92]
National
The2016U.S.News&WorldReport"BestColleges"report
rankedBerkeleyfirstamongpublicuniversitiesand20th
amongnationaluniversities.[27]TheWSJrankedBerkeley
37thamongnationaluniversitiesin2016.Washington
MonthlyrankedBerkeley7thamongnationaluniversitiesin
2016,withcriteriabasedonresearch,communityservice,
andsocialmobility.TheMoneyMagazineBestColleges
rankingfor2015rankedBerkeley9thintheUnitedStates
basedoneducationalquality,affordabilityandalumni
earnings.[93]For2015KiplingerrankedBerkeleythe4th
bestvaluepublicuniversityinthenationforinstate
students,and6thforoutofstatestudents.[94]The2016
ForbesAmerica'sTopCollegesreportrankedBerkeley40th
amongalluniversitiesandliberalartscollegesintheUnited
States.[95]
In2014,TheDailyBeast'sBestCollegesreportranked
Berkeley11thinthecountry.[96]The2013TopAmerican
ResearchUniversitiesreportbytheCenterforMeasuring
UniversityPerformancerankedBerkeley8thoverall,5thin
resources,faculty,andeducation,9thinresourcesand
education,and1stineducation.[97]Berkeleywaslistedasa
"PublicIvy"inRichardMoll's1985PublicIvies.[98]
Universityrankings
National
ARWU[82]
Forbes[83]
40
U.S.News&WorldReport[84]
20
WashingtonMonthly[85]
Global
ARWU[86]
QS[87]
28
Times[88]
10
U.S.News&WorldReport[89]
USNWRgraduateschoolrankings[90]
Business
Education
18
Engineering
Law
USNWRdepartmentalrankings[90]
BiologicalSciences
Chemistry
ClinicalPsychology
ComputerScience
EarthSciences
Economics
English
FineArts
27
History
Mathematics
Physics
PoliticalScience
6
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Discoveriesandinnovation
Psychology
PublicAffairs
VitaminEGladysAndersonEmersonisolates
PublicHealth
9
VitaminEinapureformin1952.[99]
SocialWork
3
Carbon14&PhotosynthesisMartinKamenandSam
Rubenfirstdiscoveredcarbon14in1940,andNobel
Sociology
1
laureateMelvinCalvinandhiscollegesusedcarbon
Statistics
2
14asamoleculartracertorevealthecarbon
assimilationpathinphotosynthesis,knownasCalvin
cycle.[100]
DeepseadivingJoelHenryHildebrandusedheliumwithoxygentomitigatethebends.
CyclotronErnestO.Lawrencecreatedaparticleacceleratorin1934.16elementshavebeendiscovered
atBerkeley(astatine,neptunium,plutonium,curium,americium,berkelium,californium,einsteinium,
fermium,mendelevium,nobelium,lawrencium,dubnium,seaborgium,technetium,and
molybdenum).[22][23]
FluvaccineWendellM.Stanleyandcollegusdiscoveredthevaccineinthe1940s.
AtomicbombJ.RobertOppenheimerprofessorofphysicsatUCBerkeleywasthewartimedirectorof
LosAlamosNationalLaboratoryandtheManhattanProject.
HydrogenbombEdwardTeller,thefartherofhydrogenbomb,wasaprofessoratBerkeleyanda
researcheratLawrenceLivermoreNationalLaboratory&LosAlamosNationalLaboratory.
WetsuitHughBradnerinventsfirstwetsuit1952.
MolecularclockAllanWilsondiscoveryin1967.
OncogenePeterDuesbergdiscoversfirstcancercausinggeneinavirus1970's.
SPICEDonaldO.PedersondevelopstheSimulationProgramwithIntegratedCircuitEmphasis
(SPICE)1972.
CarcinogensIdentifiedchemicalsthatdamageDNA.TheAmestestwasdescribedinaseriesofpapers
in1973byBruceAmesandhisgroupattheUniversity.
ProjectGenieDARPAfundedproject.Itproducedanearlytimesharing
systemincludingtheBerkeleyTimesharingSystem,whichwasthen
commercializedastheSDS940.ConceptsfromProjectGenieinfluencedthe
developmentoftheTENEXoperatingsystemforthePDP10,andUnix,
whichinheritedtheconceptofprocessforkingfromit.[101]Unixcocreator
KenThompsonworkedonanProjectGeniewhileatBerkeley.
BerkeleyUNIX/BerkeleySoftwareDistribution(BSD)TheComputer
SystemsResearchGroupwasaresearchgroupatBerkeleythatwas
dedicatedtoenhancingAT&TUnixoperatingsystemandfundedbyDefense
AdvancedResearchProjectsAgency.BillJoymodifiedthecodeand
Beastie,themascotofthe
releaseditin1977undertheopensourceBSDlicense,startinganopen
BerkeleySoftware
sourcerevolution.
Distribution
BerkeleyRISCDavidPattersonleadARPA'sVLSIprojectof
[102]
microprocessordesign19801984.
TelomeraseElizabethH.Blackburn,CarolGreider,andJackSzostakdiscoverenzymethatpromotes
celldivisionandgrowth1985.
MicroscopicmotorRichardS.Mullerinventsfirstmicromotorin1988.
KeckTelescopeJerryNelsonhelpedbuildoneoftheworldslargesttelescopesin1992.
ImmunotherapyofcancerJamesP.Allisondiscoversanddevelopsmonoclonalantibodytherapythat
usestheimmunesystemtocombatcancer19921995.
DarkenergySaulPerlmutterandalotofotherpeopleintheSupernovaCosmologyProjectdiscoverthe
universeisexpandingbecauseofdarkenergy1998.
AntimalarialmedicationJayKeaslingcreatesaffordablemalarialdrug2006.
CRISPRgeneeditingJenniferDoudnadiscoversapreciseandinexpensivewayformanipulatingDNA
inhumancells.
[103]
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Campus
TheBerkeleycampusencompassesapproximately1,232
acres(499ha),thoughthe"centralcampus"occupiesonly
thelowlyingwestern178acres(72ha)ofthisarea.Ofthe
remainingacres,approximately200acres(81ha)are
occupiedbytheLawrenceBerkeleyNationalLaboratory
otherfacilitiesabovethemaincampusincludethe
LawrenceHallofScienceandseveralresearchunits,
notablytheSpaceSciencesLaboratory,theMathematical
SciencesResearchInstitute,anundeveloped800acre
SimplifiedevolutionofUnixsystemsandBSD
(320ha)ecologicalpreserve,theUniversityofCalifornia
forks.
BotanicalGardenandarecreationcenterinStrawberry
Canyon.Portionsofthemostlyundeveloped,easternarea
ofthecampusareactuallywithintheCityofOaklandtheseportionsextendfromtheClaremontResortnorth
throughthePanoramicHillneighborhoodtoTildenPark.[104]
TothewestofthecentralcampusisthedowntownbusinessdistrictofBerkeleytothenorthwestisthe
neighborhoodofNorthBerkeley,includingthesocalledGourmetGhetto,acommercialdistrictknownforhigh
qualitydiningduetothepresenceofsuchworldrenownedrestaurantsasChezPanisse.Immediatelytothe
northisaquietresidentialneighborhoodknownasNorthsidewithalargegraduatestudentpopulation[105]
situatednorthofthataretheupscaleresidentialneighborhoodsoftheBerkeleyHills.Immediatelysoutheastof
campusliesfraternityrow,andbeyondthattheClarkKerrCampusandanupscaleresidentialareanamed
Claremont.TheareasouthoftheuniversityincludesstudenthousingandTelegraphAvenue,oneofBerkeley's
mainshoppingdistrictswithstores,streetvendorsandrestaurantscateringtocollegestudentsandtourists.In
addition,theUniversityalsoownslandtothenorthwestofthemaincampus,a90acre(36ha)marriedstudent
housingcomplexinthenearbytownofAlbany("AlbanyVillage"andthe"GillTract"),andafieldresearch
stationseveralmilestothenorthinRichmond,California.
ThecampusishometoseveralmuseumsincludingtheUniversityofCaliforniaMuseumofPaleontology,the
UCBerkeleyArtMuseumandPacificFilmArchive,andtheLawrenceHallofScience.TheMuseumof
Paleontology,foundinthelobbyoftheValleyLifeSciencesBuilding,showcasesavarietyofdinosaurfossils
includingacompletecastofaTyrannosaurusRex.
OutsideoftheBayArea,theUniversityownsvariousresearchlaboratoriesandresearchforestsinboth
northernandsouthernSierraNevada.
360degreeviewoftheUCBerkeleycampus
Architecture
Whatisconsideredthehistoriccampustodaywastheresultofthe1898"InternationalCompetitionforthe
PhoebeHearstArchitecturalPlanfortheUniversityofCalifornia,"fundedbyWilliamRandolphHearst's
motherandinitiallyheldintheBelgiancityofAntwerpelevenfinalistswerejudgedagaininSanFranciscoin
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1899.[106]ThewinnerwasFrenchmanmileBnard,howeverhe
refusedtopersonallysupervisetheimplementationofhisplanandthe
taskwassubsequentlygiventoarchitectureprofessorJohnGalen
Howard.Howarddesignedovertwentybuildings,whichsetthetonefor
thecampusupuntilitsexpansioninthe1950sand1960s.Thestructures
formingthe"classicalcore"ofthecampuswerebuiltintheBeauxArts
Classicalstyle,andincludeHearstGreekTheatre,HearstMemorial
SouthHall(1873),oneofthetwo
MiningBuilding,DoeMemorialLibrary,CaliforniaHall,WheelerHall,
originalbuildingsoftheUniversityof
(Old)LeConteHall,GilmanHall,HavilandHall,WellmanHall,Sather
California,stillstandsonthe
Gate,andthe307foot(94m)SatherTower(nicknamed"the
Berkeleycampus
Campanile"afteritsarchitecturalinspiration,StMark'sCampanilein
Venice).Buildingsheregardedastemporary,nonacademic,ornot
particularly"serious"weredesignedinshingleorCollegiateGothicstylesexamplesoftheseareNorthGate
Hall,DwinelleAnnex,andStephensHall.ManyofHoward'sdesignsarerecognizedCaliforniaHistorical
Landmarks[107]andarelistedontheNationalRegisterofHistoricPlaces.
Builtin1873inaVictorianSecondEmpirestyle,SouthHallistheoldestuniversitybuildinginCalifornia.It,
andtheFrederickLawOlmsteddesignedPiedmontAvenueeastofthemaincampus,aretheonlyremnants
fromtheoriginalUniversityofCaliforniabeforeJohnGalenHoward'sbuildingswereconstructed.Other
architectswhoseworkcanbefoundinthecampusandsurroundingareaareBernardMaybeck[108](bestknown
forthePalaceofFineArtsinSanFrancisco),Maybeck'sstudentJuliaMorgan(HearstWomen'sGymnasium),
CharlesWillardMoore(HaasSchoolofBusiness)andJosephEsherick(WursterHall).
Naturalfeatures
FlowingintothemaincampusaretwobranchesofStrawberryCreek.
Thesouthforkentersaculvertupstreamoftherecreationalcomplexat
themouthofStrawberryCanyonandpassesbeneathCalifornia
MemorialStadiumbeforeappearingagaininFacultyGlade.Itthenruns
throughthecenterofthecampusbeforedisappearingundergroundat
thewestendofcampus.ThenorthforkappearsjusteastofUniversity
HouseandrunsthroughthegladenorthoftheValleyLifeSciences
Building,theoriginalsiteoftheCampusArboretum.
TreesintheareadatefromthefoundingoftheUniversityinthe1870s.
Thecampus,itself,containsnumerouswoodedareasincluding:
Founders'Rock,FacultyGlade,GrinnellNaturalArea,andthe
EucalyptusGrove,whichisboththetalleststandofsuchtreesinthe
worldandthetalleststandofhardwoodtreesinNorthAmerica.[109]
ThecampussitsontheHaywardFault,whichrunsdirectlythrough
CaliforniaMemorialStadium.[110]Thereisongoingconstructionto
ThesouthforkofStrawberryCreek,
retrofitthestadium.The"treesit"protestrevolvedaroundthe
asseenbetweenDwinelleHalland
controversyofclearingawaytreesbythestadiumtobuildthenew
LowerSproulPlaza.
StudentAthleteHighPerformanceCenter.Asthestadiumsitsdirectly
onthefault,thisraisedcampusconcernsofthesafetyofstudentathletes
intheeventofanearthquakeastheytraininfacilitiesunderthestadiumstands.[111]
Environmentalrecord
ThroughitsOfficeofSustainabilityandEnergy,UCBerkeleyworkstoimplementsustainabilityinitiativeson
campus.Theuniversityencouragesgreenpurchasingwhenpossibleandinstallingenergyefficient
technologies.[112]UCBerkeleyhasagreenbuildingpolicy.TwobuildingsoncampusareLEEDcertified,and
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sixothersmeetLEEDstandards.Multiplebuildingspaceshavebeenrepurposedforalternativeuse,andwaste
fromconstructionprojectsisreduced.Waterconservationtechnologieshavebeeninstalledacrosscampus,and
theuniversityemploysavarietyoftechniquestomanagestormwater.[112]UCBerkeleyheats,cools,and
powersitslabequipmentwithpowerfromanoncampusnaturalgasplant.[113]UCBerkeley'seffortstoward
sustainabilityearnedtheschoolanoverallgradeofB+ononesustainabilityreportcard.[112]
Organizationandadministration
TheUniversityofCaliforniaisgovernedbya26memberBoardofRegents,18ofwhichareappointedbythe
GovernorofCaliforniato12yearterms,7servingasexofficiomembers,asinglestudentregentandanon
votingstudentregentdesignate.[114]ThepositionofChancellorwascreatedin1952toleadindividual
campuses.TheBoardappointedNicholasDirksthe10thChancelloroftheuniversityin2013afterRobertJ.
Birgeneau,originallyappointedin2004,announcedhisresignation.[115]12vicechancellorsreportdirectlyto
theChancellor.TheExecutiveViceChancellorandProvostservesasthechiefacademicofficerandisthe
officetowhichthedeansofthe14collegesandschoolsreport.[116]
OnAugust16,2016,Dirksannouncedhewouldstepdownas
chancelloraftermonthsofheavycriticismfromfacultyoverhis
managementofuniversityfinancesandhishandlingofastringof
sexualmisconductcasesinvolvinghighprofilefaculty.[117]Dirkssaid
hewouldstepdownupontheselectionofasuccessor,whowillbe
pickedbyasearchcommitteeofadozenuniversityleaders.[118]
The200607budgettotaled$1.7billion33%camefromtheStateof
California.In200607,7,850donorscontributed$267.9millionandthe
endowmentwasvaluedat$2.89billion.[65]
UCBerkeleyemploys24,700peopledirectlyandemployeesare
permittedtounionizeandarerepresentedbyAFSCME,California
NursesAssociation(CNA),CUETeamstersLocal2010(formerlythe
CoalitionofUniversityEmployees(CUE)),UAW,UCAFT,and
UPTE.[65][119]
Universityfinances
HaasSchoolofBusiness
UCBerkeleyreceivesfundingfromavarietyofsources,includingfederalandstateauthorities,andprivate
donors.Withtheexceptionofgovernmentcontracts,publicmoneyisproportionedtoUCBerkeleyandthe
other9universitiesoftheUniversityofCaliforniasystemthroughtheUCOfficeofthePresident.
Statefundinghas,historically,beenveryhighattheUniversityofCalifornia.In1987,thestateprovided54%
oftheUCBerkeley'sbudget.However,dueinparttothe200811Californiabudgetcrisis,recenteducational
appropriationstotheuniversityhaveseenasignificantdecline.[120]Stateeducationalappropriationssuchas
generalsupportgiveninthestate'sannualbudget,andappropriationsgiventothestatethroughthefederal
AmericanReinvestmentandRecoveryAct(ARRA)dropped$37Min201011fromthepreviouscalendar
year.In2013,stategeneralsupportdroppedto12%oftheuniversity'stotalrevenues.[121]Statebudget
shortfallsaswellasrisingcostsinpensionshavebeencitedbytheuniversityastwooftheleadingreasonsfor
itscurrentfinancialwoes.Inresponsetorevenueshortfalls,theUCRegentshaveraisedtuition,andthe
universityistryingtoincreasethenumberofnonresidentundergraduates,whowillpaythemorecostlyoutof
statetuition.Nearlyonethirdofrevenuesfromtuitionandotherstudentfeesarereturnedtostudentsas
scholarshipsandfellowships.[122]
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Calhascontroversiallyborrowed$445milliontofundthe$321millionrenovationofseismicallyunsafe
MemorialStadiumandconstructionofanew$153millionstudentathleticcenter,[123]bothofwhichopenedin
2012.(SeeAthleticssectionforadditionaldetails).
In2014,CalpresentedaplantotheBoardofRegentsthatwouldcreateaventurecapitalfundthatwouldfund
studentandfacultystartups.[124]
Financialaidandscholarshipprograms
StudentsandprospectivestudentsofUCBerkeleyareeligibleforavarietyofpublicandprivatefinancialaid.
MostfinancialaidinquiriesareprocessedthroughtheUCBerkeleyFinancialAidandScholarshipsOffice(htt
p://students.berkeley.edu/finaid/index.htm).Somegraduateschools,suchastheHaasSchoolofBusiness[125]
andUCBerkeleySchoolofLaw[126]havetheirownfinancialaidoffices.
Admissionsandenrollment
Thepreliminary
FallFreshmanProfile
freshmanFall2016
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
undergraduate
Preliminary
acceptancerateat
78,923
73,794
67,713
61,702
52,953
Applicants[127][128][129] 82,571
Berkeleywas
14,429
13,332
13,338
14,181
13,038
13,523
Admits[127][128][129]
17.5%.[127]ForFall
16.9%
18.1%
20.9%
21.1%
25.5%
Admitrate[127][128][129] 17.5%
2015,Berkeley
N/A
5,832
5,813
5,848
5,365
5,640
enrolled27,496
Enrolled [130][131]
undergraduateand
SATrange
10,708graduate
N/A
18702250 18402230 18702240 18402240 18702230
[132][133][134][135][136]
students,withwomen
makingup52.1%of
ACTrange
undergraduate
enrollmentsand
N/A
2934
2833
2733
2733
2833
[132][133][134][135][136]
46.0%graduateand
professional
GPA(unweighted)
students.[3]Alsoin
N/A
3.87
3.85
3.86
3.84
3.83
[132][133][134][135][136]
Fall2015,California
residentscomprised
73%of
undergraduatesand39%ofgraduateandprofessionalstudents.[137][138]
OftheFall2013cohort,96%offreshmenenrolledthenextyear.ThefouryeargraduationratefortheFall
2008cohortwas72%,andthesixyearratewas91%.[139][140]Enrolledfreshmanforthefallof2015hadan
averagefullyweightedhighschoolGPAof4.41andanaverageunweightedGPAof3.87.Fall2015admitted
freshmanapplicantshadanaverageACTCompositescoreof3133,andaveragecombinedSATscoresof
2124forinstateadmitsand2171foroutofstateadmits.[132][141]Berkeley'senrollmentofNationalMerit
Scholarswasthirdinthenationuntil2002,whenparticipationintheNationalMeritprogramwas
discontinued.[142]33%ofadmittedstudentsreceivefederalPellgrants.[143]
Studentlifeandtraditions
TheofficialuniversitymascotisOskitheBear,whodebutedin1941.Previously,livebearcubswereusedas
mascotsatMemorialStadiumuntilitwasdecidedin1940thatacostumedmascotwouldbeabetteralternative.
NamedaftertheOskiwowwowyell,heiscaredforbytheOskiCommittee,whosemembershaveexclusive
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knowledgeoftheidentityofthe
costumewearer.[145]
TheUniversityofCaliforniaMarching
Band,whichhasservedtheuniversity
since1891,performsateveryhome
footballgameandatselectroadgames
aswell.AsmallersubsetoftheCal
Band,theStrawHatBand,performsat
basketballgames,volleyballgames,
andothercampusandcommunity
events.[146]
Demographicsofstudentbody(Fall2015) [3][144]
Undergraduate Graduate California U.S.Census
Black
3.3%
3.6%
6.5%
13.2%
Asian
39.0%
17.3%
14.4%
5.5%
NonHispanicWhite
26.0%
37.9%
38.5%
61.7%
Hispanic(ofanyrace)
13.7%
6.7%
38.6%
17.7%
NativeAmerican
0.7%
1.0%
1.7%
1.2%
International
13.5%
23.8%
N/A
N/A
Other/Unknown
3.8%
9.7%
3.7%
2.8%
TheUCRallyCommittee,formedin1901,istheofficialguardianof
California'sSpiritandTraditions.Wearingtheirtraditionalblueand
goldrugbies,RallyCommitteememberscanbeseenatallmajor
sportingandspiritevents.Committeemembersarechargedwiththe
maintenanceofthefiveCalflags,thelargeCaliforniabanner
overhangingtheMemorialStadiumStudentSectionandHaasPavilion,
theCaliforniaVictoryCannon,CardStuntsandTheBig"C"among
otherduties.TheRallyCommitteeisalsoresponsibleforsafekeepingof
theStanfordAxewhenitisinCal'spossession.[147]TheChairmanof
theRallyCommitteeholdsthetitle"CustodianoftheAxe"whileitisin
theCommittee'scare.
OverlookingthemainBerkeleycampusfromthefoothillsintheeast,
TheBig"C"isanimportantsymbolofCaliforniaschoolspirit.TheBig
"C"hasitsrootsinanearly20thcenturycampuseventcalled"Rush,"
SathergateandSathertower(the
whichpittedthefreshmanandsophomoreclassesagainsteachotherina
Campanile)fromSproulPlazaonthe
raceupCharterHillthatoftendevelopedintoawrestlingmatch.Itwas
UCBerkeleycampus
eventuallydecidedtodiscontinueRushand,in1905,thefreshmanand
sophomoreclassesbandedtogetherinashowofunitytobuildtheBig
"C".[148]Owingtoitsprominentposition,theBig"C"isoftenthetargetofpranksbyrivalStanfordUniversity
studentswhopainttheBig"C"redandalsofraternitiesandsororitieswhopaintittheirorganization'scolors.
OneoftheRallyCommittee'sfunctionsistorepainttheBig"C"toitstraditionalcolorofKingAlfredYellow.
Calstudentsinventedthecollegefootballtraditionofcardstunts.ThenknownasBleacherStunts,theywere
firstperformedduringthe1910BigGameandconsistedoftwostunts:apictureoftheStanfordAxeandalarge
blue"C"onawhitebackground.ThetraditioncontinuestodayintheCalstudentsectionandincorporates
complicatedmotions,forexampletracingtheCalscriptlogoonabluebackgroundwithanimaginaryyellow
pen.[149]
TheCaliforniaVictoryCannon,placedonTightwadHilloverlookingthestadium,isfiredbeforeeveryfootball
homegame,aftereveryscore,andaftereveryCalvictory.Firstusedinthe1963BigGame,itwasoriginally
placedonthesidelinesbeforemovingtoTightwadHillin1971.Theonlytimethecannonranoutof
ammunitionwasduringagameagainstPacificin1991,whenCalscored12touchdowns.[150]
Othertraditionshaveincludedeventsthatspanonlyafewyears.William(orWillie)thePolkaDotManwasa
performanceartistwhofrequentedSproulPlazaduringthelate1970sandearly1980s.[151]TheNakedGuy
(nowdeceased)[152]andLarrytheDrummer,whoperformedBatmantunes,appearedinthelate1980sand
early1990s.[151]
AfewcurrenttraditionsincludestreakingduringfinalsweekintheMainStacks,theHappyHappyMan,and
StoneyBurke.
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Studenthousing
StudentsatUCBerkeleyliveinavarietyofhousingthatcatertopersonalandacademicpreferencesandstyles.
Theuniversityofferstwoyearsofguaranteedhousingforenteringfreshmen,andoneyearforenteringtransfer
students.Theimmediatelysurroundingcommunityoffersapartments,Greek(fraternityandsorority)housing
andcooperativehousing,twentyofwhicharehousesthataremembersoftheBerkeleyStudentCooperative.
Universityhousing
Theuniversityrunstwelvedifferentresidencehalls,rangingfrom
undergraduateresidencehalls(boththemedandnonthemed)andfamily
studenthousing,toreentrystudenthousingandoptionalinternational
studenthousingattheInternationalHouse.Undergraduateresidence
hallsarelocatedoffcampusinthecityofBerkeley.Units1,2and3,
locatedonthesouthsideofcampus,offerhighriseaccommodations
withcommonareasoneveryotherfloor.Units1and2shareacommon
dininghall,calledCrossroads.Theoldestunit,Unit3,istheoldestof
thethreeandhasitsowndininghallonthebottomfloorcalledCafe
3.[153]FurtherawayandalsoonthesouthsideofcampusisClarkKerr,
anundergraduateresidencehallcomplexthathousesmanystudent
athletesandwasonceaschoolforthedeafandblind.
CunninghamHallandTowleHall,
partoftheUnit2residencehall
complex
Inthefoothillseastofthecentral
campus,therearethreeadditionalundergraduateresidencehall
complexes:Foothill,Stern,andBowles.Foothillisacoedsuitestyle
hallreminiscentofaSwisschalet.AccordingtotheChancellor,itis
consideredoneofthebestresidencehallsatUCBerkeley.Justsouthof
Foothill,overlookingtheHearstGreekTheatre,istheallwomen's
traditionalstyleSternHall,whichboastsanoriginalmuralbyDiego
Rivera.BecauseoftheirproximitytotheCollegeofEngineeringand
CollegeofChemistry,theseresidencehallsoftenhousescienceand
engineeringmajors.Theytendtobequieterthanthesouthside
BowlesHallatthe2003Homecoming
complexes,butbecauseoftheirlocationnexttothetheatre,oftenget
andParentsWeekend
freeglimpsesofconcerts.BowlesHall,theoldeststateownedresidence
hallinCalifornia,islocatedimmediatelynorthofCaliforniaMemorial
Stadium.Dedicatedin1929andontheNationalRegisterofHistoricPlaces,thisresidencehallhasthe
appearanceofacastleandlargeroomsthatsleepfour.
TheChanningBowditchandIdaJacksonapartmentsareintendedforolderstudents.[154][155]Familystudent
housingconsistsoftwomaingroupsofhousing:UniversityVillageandSmythFernwald.UniversityVillageis
located3miles(4.8km)northwestofcampusinAlbany,California,andSmythFernwaldneartheClarkKerr
campus.
Cooperativehousing
StudentsinBerkeleyhaveanumberofcooperativehousingoptions.Thelargestnetworkofstudenthousing
cooperativesintheareaistheBerkeleyStudentCooperative(BSC).
StudentsofUCBerkeley,aswellasstudentsofotheruniversitiesandcollegesinthearea,havetheoptionof
livinginoneofthetwentycooperativehousesoftheBerkeleyStudentCooperative(BSC),formerlythe
UniversityStudents'CooperativeAssociation(USCA),andmemberofthenationalcooperativefederation,
NASCO.TheBSCisanonprofithousingcooperativenetworkconsistingof20cooperativehomesand1250
memberowners.[156]TheUSCA(astheBSCwasknownbyatthattime)wasfoundedin1933bythendirector
oftheYWCA,HarryKingman.ThebirthoftheUSCA,aswellasmanyothercooperativeorganizationsaround
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thecountry,coincidedwiththeGreatDepressionpreciselyasaresponsetoscantresources.Bylivingtogether
inlargehousesandpoolingtogetherresources,membersfoundthattheirmonetaryresourcescouldgofurther
topayfortheircostoflivingthanlivingseparately.Inthe1960s,theUSCApioneeredthefirstcoeduniversity
housinginBerkeley,calledtheRidgeProject(laterrenamedCasaZimbabwe).In1975,theUSCAfoundedits
firstandonlyvegetarianthemedhouse,Lothlorien.In1997,theUSCAopeneditsAfricanAmericantheme
house,AfroHouse,andin1999itsLGBTthemedhouse,namedafterqueerIrishauthorandpoetOscar
Wilde.[157]
NotablealumnioftheBSCincludeMarionNestle,professoratNewYorkUniversityandauthorofFood
Politics,andBeverlyCleary.
Fraternitiesandsororities
Universitysanctionedfraternitiesandsororitiescompriseover60housesthatareaccreditedtooneoffour
GoverningCouncils,allundertheumbrellaorganizationofCalGreeks.[158][159]
Studentrunorganizations
Studentgovernment
TheAssociatedStudentsoftheUniversityofCalifornia(ASUC)isthestudentgovernmentorganizationthat
controlsfundingforstudentgroupsandorganizesoncampusstudentevents.Itisconsideredoneofthemost
autonomousstudentgovernmentsatanypublicuniversityintheU.S.Thetwomainpoliticalpartiesare
"StudentAction"[160]and"CalSERVE."[161]Theorganizationwasfoundedin1887andhasanannualoperating
budgetof$1.7million,inadditiontovariousinvestmentassets.
TheASUC'sStudentUnionProgram,Entertainment,andRecreationBoard(SUPERB)isastudentrun,non
profitbranchdedicatedtoprovidingentertainmentforthecampusandcommunity.Foundedin1964,
SUPERB'sprogrammingincludestheFridayFilmSeries,freeNoonConcertsonLowerSproulPlaza,Comedy
Competitions,PokerTournaments,freeSneakPreviewsofupcomingmovies,andmore.
InApril2013,inan119vote,UCBerkeley'sstudentsenatepassedaBoycott,DivestmentandSanctions
resolutionfortheUCsystemtodivestfromcompaniesthatareassistinginIsrael'sillegaloccupationand
ensuinghumanrightsabuses.[162][163]
Communicationsmedia
UCBerkeley'sstudentrunonlinetelevisionstation,CalTV,wasformedin2005andbroadcastsonline.Itisrun
bystudentswithavarietyofbackgroundsandmajors.
UCBerkeley'sindependentstudentrunnewspaperisTheDailyCalifornian.Foundedin1871,TheDailyCal
becameindependentin1971afterthecampusadministrationfiredthreesenioreditorsforencouragingreaders
totakebackPeople'sPark.TheDailyCalifornianhasbothaprintandonlineedition.Printcirculationisabout
10,000.Thenewspaperisanimportantsourceofinformationforstudents,faculty,staff,andthesurrounding
CityofBerkeley.
Berkeley'sFMStudentradiostation,KALX,broadcastson90.7MHz.Itisrunlargelybyvolunteers,including
bothstudentsandcommunitymembers.
Berkeleyalsofeaturesanassortmentofstudentrunmagazines,mostnotablyCaliberMagazine.Foundedin
2008,CaliberMagazine(http://www.calibermag.org)promotesitselfas"theeverythingmagazine"byfeaturing
articlesandblogsonawiderangeoftopics.Ithasbeenvoted"BestMagazineonCampus"bythereadersof
theDailyCal[164]aswellas"BestPublicationonCampus"bytheASUC.
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Studentgroups
UCBerkeleyhasareputationforstudentactivism,stemmingfromthe
1960sandtheFreeSpeechMovement.Today,Berkeleyisknownasa
livelycampuswithactivisminmanyforms,fromemailpetitions,
presentationsonSproulPlazaandvolunteering,totheoccasional
protest.Duringthe200607schoolyear,therewere94politicalstudent
groupsoncampusincludingMEChXAdeUCBerkeley,Berkeley
AmericanCivilLibertiesUnion,BerkeleyStudentsforLife,Campus
Greens,TheSustainabilityTeam(STEAM),theBerkeleyStudentFood
Collective,StudentsforSensibleDrugPolicy,CalBerkeleyDemocrats,
andtheBerkeleyCollegeRepublicans.Berkeleysendsthemost
studentstothePeaceCorpsofanyuniversityinthenation.[165]
CalStrawHatBand(asmallersubset
oftheCalBand)playingatSeaWorld
inSanDiego,California
TheResidenceHallAssembly(RHA)isthestudentrunresidencehall
organizationthatoverseesallaspectsofresidencewideeventplanning,
legislation,sponsorshipsandactivitiesforover7,200oncampusundergraduateresidents.Foundedin1988by
thePresident'sCouncil,itisnowfundedandsupportedbytheResidentialandStudentServicePrograms
departmentoncampus.[166]
TheBerkeleyGroup[167]isastudentconsultingorganizationaffiliatedwithUCBerkeleyandtheHaasSchool
ofBusiness.Studentsofallmajorsarerecruitedandtrainedtoworkonprobonoconsultingengagementswith
reallifenonprofitclients.
ImagiCal[168]hasbeenthecollegechapteroftheAmericanAdvertisingFederationatBerkeleysincethelate
1980s.Everyyear,theteamcompetesintheNationalStudentAdvertisingCompetition.Studentsfromvarious
backgroundscometogethertoworkonamarketingcaseprovidedbytheAAFandacorporatesponsorto
collegechaptersacrossthenation.Mostrecently,theUCBerkeleyteamwonintheirregionin2005,2009and
2012,goingontowin4thand3rdinthenationin2005and2009,respectively.
TheBerkeleyForumisastudentorganizationthathostspanels,debates,andtalksbyleadingexpertsfrom
manydifferentfields.[169]Theorganizationisnonpartisanandhasbroughtawidevarietyofspeakersto
campus,includingSenatorRandPaul,entrepreneurandventurecapitalistPeterThiel,KhanAcademyfounder
SalmanKhan,andmanyothers.
DemocraticEducationatCal,orDeCal,isaprogramthatpromotesthecreationofprofessorsponsored,
studentfacilitatedclassesthroughtheSpecialStudies98/198program.[170]DeCalaroseoutofthe1960sFree
Speechmovementandwasofficiallyestablishedin1981.Theprogramoffersaround150coursesonavast
rangeofsubjectsthatappealtotheBerkeleystudentcommunity,includingclassesontheRubik'sCube,James
Bond,Batman,theIranianRevolution,cooking,Israelifolkdancing,3Danimation,nuclearweapons,and
meditation.
Therearemanyacappellagroupsoncampus,includingArtistsinResonance,BerkeleyDilSe,theUCMen's
Octet,theCaliforniaGoldenOvertones,andNoteworthy.TheUCMen'sOctetisaneightmemberacappella
groupfoundedin1948featuringarepertoireofbarbershop,doowop,contemporarypop,modernalternative,
andfightsongs.TheyareoneofonlytwomultipletimechampionsoftheICCA,havingwonthechampionship
inboth1998and2000.TheCaliforniaGoldenOvertones,foundedin1984,haveaverysimilarrepertoiretothe
Octet.NoteworthycompetedinSeason5ofAmerica'sGotTalent.ItisatraditionforeveryBerkeleyacappella
grouptoperformunderthecampus'iconicSatherGateeachweekatdifferenttimesduringtheweek.In
additiontoaCapella,Berkeleyishosttoamyriadofotherperformingartsgroupsincomedy,dance,actingand
instrumentalmusic.Afewexamplesincludejericho!Improv&SketchComedy,TheMovement,Taiko
drumming,BareStagestudentmusicaltheater,theRemedyMusicProject,MainStacks,AFXDance,and
TruElement.
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Since1967,studentsandstaffjazzmusicianshavehadanopportunityto
performandstudywiththeUniversityofCaliforniaJazzEnsembles.
UnderthedirectionofDr.DavidW.Tucker,whowashiredbytheCal
Bandasacomposer,arranger,andassociatedirector,butwaslaterasked
todirectthejazzensemblesasitgrewinpopularityandmembership,
thegroupgrewrapidlyfromonebigbandtomultiplebigbands,
numerouscombos,andnumerousinstrumentalclasseswithmultiple
instructors.ForseveraldecadesithostedthePacificCoastCollegiate
JazzFestival,partoftheAmericanCollegiateJazzFestival,a
BerkeleyDanceMarathon,oneofthe
competitiveforumforstudentmusicians.PCCJFbroughtjazz
campus'sstudentledfundraising
luminariessuchasHubertLaws,SonnyRollins,FreddieHubbard,and
events.
EdShaughnessytotheBerkeleycampusasperformers,clinicians,and
adjudicators.Thefestivallaterincludedhighschoolmusicians.Thejazz
ensemblesbecameaneffectiverecruitmenttool.Manyhighschoolmusiciansinterestedinstrongacademicsas
wellasjazzfoundthatthecampusmetbothinterests.Numerousalumnihavehadsuccessfulcareersinjazz
performanceandeducationincludingMichaelWolffandAndyNarell.
UCBerkeleyalsohostsalargenumberofconferences,talks,andmusicalandtheatricalperformances.Manyof
theseevents,includingtheAnnualUCBerkeleySociologicalResearchSymposium,arecompletelyplanned
andorganizedbyundergraduatestudents.
Athletics
TheathleticteamsatUCBerkeleyareknownastheCaliforniaGolden
Bears(oftenshortenedto"CalBears"orjust"Cal")andareprimarily
membersoftheNCAADivisionIPac12Conference(Pac12).Calis
alsoamemberoftheMountainPacificSportsFederationinseveral
sportsnotsponsoredbythePac12andtheAmericaEastConferencein
women'sfieldhockey.Thefirstschoolcolors,establishedin1873bya
committeeofstudents,wereBlue(specificallyYaleBlue)and
Gold.[171][172]YaleBluewasoriginallychosenbecausemanyofthe
university'sfounderswereYaleUniversitygraduates(forexample
HenryDurant,thefirstuniversitypresident).BlueandGoldwere
specifiedandmadetheofficialcolorsoftheuniversityandthestate
colorsofCaliforniain1955.[171][173]However,theathleticdepartmenthasrecentlyspecifiedadarkerblue,
closetobutnotthesameastheBerkeleyBluenowusedbytheschool.[174][175]TheCaliforniaGoldenBears
havealonghistoryofexcellenceinathletics,havingwonnationaltitlesinfootball,men'sbasketball,baseball,
softball,men'sandwomen'screw,men'sgymnastics,men'stennis,men'sandwomen'sswimming,men'swater
polo,men'sJudo,men'strack,andmen'srugby.Inaddition,CalathleteshavewonnumerousindividualNCAA
titlesintrack,gymnastics,swimmingandtennis.OnJanuary31,2009,theschool'sHurlingclubmadeathletic
historybydefeatingStanfordinthefirstcollegiatehurlingmatcheverplayedonAmericansoil.
Californiafinishedinfirstplace[176]inthe200708FallU.S.SportsAcademyDirectors'Cupstandings(Now
theNACDADirectors'Cup),acompetitionmeasuringthebestoverallcollegiateathleticprogramsinthe
country,withpointsawardedfornationalfinishesinNCAAsports.Calfinishedthe200708competitionin
seventhplacewith1119points.[177]Mostrecently,Californiafinishedinthirdplaceinthe201011NACDA
Directors'Cupwith1219.50points,finishingbehindStanfordandOhioState.ThisisCalifornia'shighestever
finishintheDirector'sCup.[178]
Cal'sseismicallyunsafeMemorialStadiumreopenedSeptember2012aftera$321millionrenovation.The
universityincurredacontroversial$445millionofdebtforthestadiumandanew$153millionstudentathletic
center,whichitplannedtofinancewiththesaleofspecialstadiumendowmentseats.However,inJune2013
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newssurfacedthattheuniversityhashadtroublesellingtheseats.[179]Theroughly$18millioninterestonly
annualpaymentsonthedebtconsumes20percentofCal'sathletics'budgetprincipalrepaymentbeginsin2032
andisscheduledtoconcludein2113.[123]
In2014,Calinstitutedastrictacademicstandardforanathlete's
admissiontotheuniversity.Bythe2017academicyear80percentof
incomingstudentathleteswillneedtocomplywiththeUniversityof
Californiageneralstudentrequirementofhavinga3.0orhigherhigh
schoolgradepointaverage.[180]
TheGoldenBears'traditionalarchrivalryiswiththeStanfordCardinal.
Themostanticipatedsportingeventbetweenthetwouniversitiesisthe
annualfootballgamedubbedtheBigGame,anditiscelebratedwith
spiriteventsonbothcampuses.Since1933,thewinneroftheBigGame
hasbeenawardedcustodyoftheStanfordAxe.
CaliforniaStanfordrivalry
UCRallyCommitteerunningCal
flagsacrosstheMemorialStadium
fieldatthe2002BigGame.(Notethe
Stanfordvisitorssectionontheleft
andtheUCBerkeleyalumnisection
ontheright.)
OneofthemostfamousmomentsinBigGamehistoryoccurredduring
the85thBigGameonNovember20,1982.Inwhathasbecomeknown
as"thebandplay"orsimplyThePlay,Calscoredthewinning
touchdowninthefinalsecondswithakickoffreturnthatinvolvedaseriesoflateralsandtheStanfordmarching
bandrushingontothefield.
Nationalchampionships
Berkeleyteamshavewonnationalchampionshipsinbaseball(2),men'sbasketball(2),men'screw(15),
women'screw(3),football(5),men'sgolf(1),men'sgymnastics(4),men'slacrosse(1),men'srugby(26),
softball(1),men'sswimming&diving(4),women'sswimming&diving(3),men'stennis(1),men'strack&
field(1),andmen'swaterpolo(13).
Notablealumni,faculty,andstaff
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EarlWarren,BA1912,
JD1914,14thChief
JusticeoftheUnited
StatesformerAlameda
CountyDistrict
AttorneyCalifornia
AttorneyGeneral30th
GovernorofCalifornia.
StevenChu,PhD1976, JenniferGranholm,BA ZulfikarAliBhutto,

Nobellaureateand
1984,Firstfemale
BA1950,[181]4th
formerUnitedStates
GovernorofMichigan PresidentofPakistan,
SecretaryofEnergy
9thPrimeMinisterof
Pakistan
RobertReich,
ProfessorofPublic
Policy,22ndUnited
StatesSecretaryof
Labor
ChristinaRomer,
Professorof
Economics,25th
Chairpersonofthe
President'sCouncilof
EconomicAdvisers
EricSchmidt,MS
1979,PhD1982,
ExecutiveChairmanof
GoogleInc.
SteveWozniak,BS
1986,cofounderof
AppleInc.
EdmundGerald"Jerry" GregoryPeck,BA
Brown,Jr,BA1961,
1939,Academy
GovernorofCalifornia, Awardwinningactor
formerCalifornia
AttorneyGeneral
GordonMoore,BS
1950,cofounderof
semiconductor
companyIntel
NatalieCoughlin,BA
2005,multiplegold
medalwinning
Olympicswimmer
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MostafaChamran,
Ph.D.1963,Iranian
scientist,Vice
PresidentandDefense
MinisterofIran
HaakonMagnus,
CrownPrinceof
Norway,BA1999 [182]
RobertMcNamara,BA
1937,Presidentof
WorldBank(1968
81),UnitedStates
SecretaryofDefense
(196168),President
ofFordMotor
Company(1960)
DanielKahneman,
PhD1961,awardedthe
2002NobelMemorial
PrizeinEconomicsfor
hisworkinProspect
theory
HaroldUrey,PhD
1923,Nobellaureate
anddiscovererof
deuterium
Asof2016,32alumniand22pastandpresentfulltimefacultyarecounted
amongthe92Nobellaureatesassociatedwiththeuniversity.[183]The
TuringAward,the"NobelPrizeofcomputerscience",hasbeenawardedto
elevenalumniandtenpastandpresentfulltimefaculty,withDanaScott
beinganalumnusandafacultymember.[184]
Faculty
ShiingShenChern,aleadinggeometerofthe20thcenturyandafaculty
memberoftheBerkeleymathematicsdepartment,cofoundedthe
renownedMathematicalSciencesResearchInstituteatBerkeleyin1981
andservedasthefoundingDirectoruntil1984.[185][186]Berkeleyphysicist
J.RobertOppenheimerwasthescientificdirectoroftheManhattanProject
Thecomputermousewasinvented
thatdevelopedthefirstatomicbombintheworldduringWorldWarII,and
byTuringAwardlaureateDoug
wasthefounderoftheBerkeleyCenterforTheoreticalPhysics.[187]
Engelbart,B.Eng.1952,Ph.D.
FacultymemberEdwardTellerwas(togetherwithStanislawUlam)the
1955
"fatherofthehydrogenbomb",wholaidimportantfoundationsforthe
establishmentofSpaceSciencesLaboratoryatBerkeley.[188]Ernest
Lawrence,aNobellaureateinphysicswhoinventedcyclotronatBerkeley,foundedtheRadiationLaboratory
oncampuswhichlaterbecametherenownedLawrenceBerkeleyNationalLaboratory.[189]Nobellaureate
GlennT.Seaborgdiscoveredorcodiscovered10chemicalelementsatBerkeleyandservedastheChancellor
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ofUCBerkeleyfrom19581961.[190][191]FormerUnitedStatesSecretaryofEnergyandNobellaureateSteven
Chu(PhD1976),wasDirectorofBerkeleyLab,20042009.JanetYellen,the15thChairoftheFederal
ReserveBoard,isaprofessoremeritusatBerkeleyHaasSchoolofBusinessandtheDepartmentof
Economics.[192][193]
Alumni
Alumnihavebeeninvolvedinthefieldofpoliticsandinternationalrelations,oneofwhomisNicholasA.
Veliotes(1928).VelioteswentontobecometheAmbassadortothecountriesofJordan(197881)andEgypt
(198486),amongholdingmanyotherhighlyprestigiousjobtitlesandpositionsthroughouthislengthycareer.
AlumnihavewrittennovelsandscreenplaysthathaveattractedOscarcalibertalent.IrvingStone(BA1923)
wrotethenovelLustforLife,whichwaslatermadeintoanAcademyAwardwinningfilmofthesamename
starringKirkDouglasasVincentvanGogh.StonealsowroteTheAgonyandtheEcstasy,whichwaslatermade
intoafilmofthesamenamestarringOscarwinnerCharltonHestonasMichelangelo.MonaSimpson(BA
1979)wrotethenovelAnywhereButHere,whichwaslatermadeintoafilmofthesamenamestarringOscar
winningactressSusanSarandon.TerryMcMillan(BA1986)wroteHowStellaGotHerGrooveBack,which
waslatermadeintoafilmofthesamenamestarringOscarnominatedactressAngelaBassett.RandiMayem
Singer(BA1979)wrotethescreenplayforMrs.Doubtfire,whichstarredOscarwinningactorRobinWilliams
andOscarwinningactressSallyField.AudreyWells(BA1981)wrotethescreenplayTheTruthAboutCats&
Dogs,whichstarredOscarnominatedactressUmaThurman.JamesSchamus(BA1982,MA1987,PhD2003)
hascollaboratedonscreenplayswithOscarwinningdirectorAngLeeontheAcademyAwardwinningmovies
CrouchingTiger,HiddenDragonandBrokebackMountain.
Alumnihavemadeimportantcontributionstoscience.Somehave
concentratedtheirstudiesontheverysmalluniverseofatomsand
molecules.NobellaureateWilliamF.Giauque(BS1920,PhD1922)
investigatedchemicalthermodynamics,NobellaureateWillardLibby(BS
1931,PhD1933)pioneeredradiocarbondating,NobellaureateWillis
Lamb(BS1934,PhD1938)examinedthehydrogenspectrum,Nobel
laureateHamiltonO.Smith(BA1952)appliedrestrictionenzymesto
moleculargenetics,NobellaureateRobertLaughlin(BAmath1972)
exploredthefractionalquantumHalleffect,andNobellaureateAndrew
Fire(BAmath1978)helpedtodiscoverRNAinterferencegenesilencing
bydoublestrandedRNA.NobellaureateGlennT.Seaborg(PhD1937)
collaboratedwithAlbertGhiorso(BS1913)todiscover12chemical
elements,suchasamericium,berkelium,andcalifornium.DavidBohm
(PhD1943)discoveredBohmDiffusion.NobellaureateYuanT.Lee(PhD
1965)developedthecrossedmolecularbeamtechniqueforstudying
RobertLaughlin,BA1972,Nobel
chemicalreactions.CarolGreider(PhD1987),professorofmolecular
laureate
biologyandgeneticsatJohnsHopkinsUniversitySchoolofMedicine,was
awardedthe2009NobelPrizeinmedicinefordiscoveringakey
mechanisminthegeneticoperationsofcells,aninsightthathasinspirednewlinesofresearchintocancer.
HarveyItano(BS1942),conductedbreakthroughworkonsicklecellanemiathatmarkedthefirsttimea
diseasewaslinkedtoamolecularorigin.[194]WhilehewasvaledictorianofUCBerkeley'sclassof1942,he
wasunabletoattendcommencementexercisesduetointernment.[195]NarendraKarmarkar(PhD1983)is
knownfortheinteriorpointmethod,apolynomialalgorithmforlinearprogrammingknownasKarmarkar's
algorithm.[196]NationalMedalofSciencelaureateChienShiungWu(PhD1940),oftenknownasthe"Chinese
MadameCurie,"disprovedtheLawofConservationofParityforwhichshewasawardedtheinauguralWolf
PrizeinPhysics.[197]KaryMullis(PhD1973)wasawardedthe1993NobelPrizeinChemistryforhisrolein
developingthepolymerasechainreaction,[198]amethodforamplifyingDNAsequences.DanielKahnemanwas
awardedthe2002NobelMemorialPrizeinEconomicsforhisworkinProspecttheory.RichardO.Buckius,
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engineer,Bachelor'sinMechanicalEngineering'72,Masters'73,PhD'75,currentlyChiefOperatingOfficerof
theNationalScienceFoundation.EdwardP.Tryon(PhD1967)isthephysicistwhofirstsaidouruniverse
originatedfromaquantumfluctuationofthevacuum.[199][200][201]
JohnN.Bahcall(BS1956)workedontheStandardSolarModelandtheHubbleSpaceTelescope,[202]resulting
inaNationalMedalofScience.[202]PeterSmith(BS1969)wastheprincipalinvestigatorandprojectleaderfor
the$420millionNASAroboticexplorerPhoenix,[203]whichphysicallyconfirmedthepresenceofwateronthe
planetMarsforthefirsttime.[204]AstronautsJamesvanHoften(BS1966),MargaretRheaSeddon(BA1970),
LeroyChiao(BS1983),andRexWalheim(BS1984)havephysicallyreachedouttothestars,orbitingtheearth
inNASA'sfleetofspaceshuttles.
UndergraduatealumnihavefoundedorcofoundedsuchcompaniesasAppleComputer,[205]Intel,[206]LSI
Logic[207]TheGap,[208]MySpace,[209]PowerBar,[210]BerkeleySystems,[211]Bolt,BeranekandNewman[212]
(whichcreatedanumberofunderlyingtechnologiesthatgoverntheInternet),ChezPanisse,[213]GrandCentral
(knownnowasGoogleVoice),[214]HTCCorporation,[215]VIATechnologies,[215]MarvellTechnology
Group,[216]MoveOn.org,[211]Opsware,[217]RedOctane,[218]RimonLawP.C.,[219]SanDisk,[220]Scharffen
BergerChocolateMaker,[221]VMware,[222]andZilog,[223]whilegraduateschoolalumnihavecofounded
companiessuchasDHL,[224]KeyHoleInc(knownnowasGoogleEarth),[225]SunMicrosystems,[226]andThe
LearningCompany.[227]BerkeleyalumnihavealsoledvarioustechnologycompaniessuchasElectronic
Arts,[228]Google,[229]AdobeSystems,[230]Softbank(MasayoshiSon)andQualcomm.[231]
Berkeleyalumninurturedanumberofkeytechnologiesassociatedwith
thepersonalcomputerandthedevelopmentoftheInternet.[232]Unix
wascreatedbyalumnusKenThompson(BS1965,MS1966)along
withcolleagueDennisRitchie.AlumnisuchasL.Peter
Deutsch[233][234][235](PhD1973),ButlerLampson(PhD1967),and
CharlesP.Thacker(BS1967)[236]workedwithKenThompsonon
ProjectGenieandthenformedtheillfatedUSDepartmentofDefense
fundedBerkeleyComputerCorporation(BCC),whichwasscattered
TuringAwardlaureateKen
throughouttheBerkeleycampusinnondescriptofficestoavoidanti
Thompson(left),BS1965,MS1966,
warprotestors.[237]AfterBCCfailed,Deutsch,Lampson,andThacker
withfellowlaureateandcolleague
joinedXeroxPARC,wheretheydevelopedanumberofpioneering
DennisRitchie(right)together,they
computertechnologies,culminatingintheXeroxAltothatinspiredthe
createdUnix
AppleMacintosh.Inparticular,theAltousedacomputermouse,which
hadbeeninventedbyDougEngelbart(B.Eng1952,Ph.D.1955).
Thompson,Lampson,Engelbart,andThacker[238]alllaterreceivedaTuringAward.AlsoatXeroxPARCwas
RonaldV.Schmidt(BS1966,MS1968,PhD1971),whobecameknownas"themanwhobroughtEthernetto
themasses".[239]AnotherXeroxPARCresearcher,CharlesSimonyi(BS1972),pioneeredthefirstWYSIWIG
wordprocessorprogramandwasrecruitedpersonallybyBillGatestojointhefledglingcompanyknownas
MicrosofttocreateMicrosoftWord.Simonyilaterbecamethefirstrepeatspacetourist,blastingoffonRussian
SoyuzrocketstoworkattheInternationalSpaceStationorbitingtheearth.
In1977,agraduatestudentinthecomputersciencedepartmentnamedBillJoy(MS1982)assembled[240]the
originalBerkeleySoftwareDistribution,commonlyknownasBSDUnix.Joy,whowentontocofoundSun
Microsystems,alsodevelopedtheoriginalversionoftheterminalconsoleeditorvi,whileKenArnold(BA
1985)createdCurses,aterminalcontrollibraryforUnixlikesystemsthatenablestheconstructionoftextuser
interface(TUI)applications.WorkingalongsideJoyatBerkeleywereundergraduatesWilliamJolitz(BS1997)
andhisfuturewifeLynneJolitz(BA1989),whotogethercreated386BSD,aversionofBSDUnixthatrunson
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IntelCPUsandevolvedintotheBSDfamilyoffreeoperatingsystemsandtheDarwinoperatingsystem
underlyingAppleMacOSX.[241]EricAllman(BS1977,MS1980)createdSendMail,aUnixmailtransfer
agentthatdeliversabout12%oftheemailintheworld.[242]
TheXCF,anundergraduateresearchgrouplocatedinSodaHall,hasbeenresponsibleforanumberofnotable
softwareprojects,includingGTK+(createdbyPeterMattis,BS1997),TheGIMP(SpencerKimball,BS
1996),andtheinitialdiagnosisoftheMorrisworm.[243]In1992PeiYuanWei,[244]anundergraduateatthe
XCF,createdViolaWWW,oneofthefirstgraphicalwebbrowsers.ViolaWWWwasthefirstbrowsertohave
embeddedscriptableobjects,stylesheets,andtables.InthespiritofOpenSource,hedonatedthecodetoSun
Microsystems,inspiringJavaapplets(KimPolese(BS1984)wastheoriginalproductmanagerforJavaatSun
Microsystems.)ViolaWWWalsoinspiredresearchersattheNationalCenterforSupercomputingApplications
tocreatetheMosaicwebbrowser,[245]apioneeringwebbrowserthatbecameMicrosoftInternetExplorer.
Collectively,alumnihavewonatleasttwentyAcademyAwards.
GregoryPeck(BA1939),nominatedforfourOscarsduringhiscareer,
wonanOscarforactinginToKillaMockingbird.ChrisInnis(BA
1991)wonthe2010Oscarforfilmeditingforherworkonbestpicture
winner,TheHurtLocker.WalterPlunkett(BA1923)wonanOscarfor
costumedesign(forAnAmericaninParis).FreidaLeeMock(BA
1961)andCharlesH.Ferguson(BA1978)haveeach[246][247]wonan
Oscarfordocumentaryfilmmaking.MarkBerger(BA1964)haswon
fourOscarsforsoundmixingandisanadjunctprofessoratUC
Berkeley.[248]EdithHead(BA1918),whowasnominatedfor34Oscars
duringhercareer,woneightOscarsforcostumedesign.JoeLetteri(BA
1981[249])haswonfourOscarsforBestVisualEffectsintheJames
CameronfilmAvatarandthePeterJacksonfilmsKingKong,TheTwo
Towers,andTheReturnoftheKing.[250]
EmmyandGoldenGlobeAward
awardwinningactressKathyBaker,
BA1977
AlumnihavecollectivelywonatleasttwentyfiveEmmyAwards:JonElse(BA1968)forcinematography
AndrewSchneider(BA1973)forscreenwritingLindaSchacht(BA1966,MA1981),twoforbroadcast
journalism[251][252]ChristineChen(dualBA's1990),twoforbroadcastjournalism[253]KristenSze(BA),two
forbroadcastjournalism[254]KathyBaker(BA1977),threeforactingKenMilnes(BS1977),fourfor
broadcastingtechnologyandLeroySievers(BA),[255]twelveforproduction.ElisabethLeamyistherecipient
of13Emmyawards.[256][257][258]
RobertPennWarren,M.A.
1927novelistandpoet,
whoreceivedthePulitzer
Prizethreetimes
AlumnicollectivelyhavewonatleasteightPulitzerPrizes.PulitzerPrize
winningjournalistMargueriteHiggins(BA1941)wasapioneeringfemalewar
correspondent[259][260]whocoveredWorldWarII,theKoreanWar,andthe
VietnamWar.[261]NovelistRobertPennWarren(MA1927)wonthreePulitzer
Prizes,[262]includingoneforhisnovelAlltheKing'sMen,whichwaslater
madeintoanAcademyAwardwinning[263]movie.PulitzerPrizewinning
cartoonistRubeGoldberg(BS1904)inventedthecomicallycomplexyet
ultimatelytrivialcontraptionsknownasRubeGoldbergmachines.Journalist
AlexandraBerzon(MA2006)wonaPulitzerPrizein2009,[264]andjournalist
MattRichtel(BA1989),whoalsocoauthorsthecomicstripRudyParkunder
thepennameof"TheronHeir",[265]wonthe2010PulitzerPrizeforNational
Reporting.[266]PulitzerPrizewinninghistorianLeonLitwack(BA[267]1951,
PhD1958)taughtasaprofessoratUCBerkeleyfor43years[268]threeother
UCBerkeleyprofessorshavealsoreceivedthePulitzerPrize.Alumnaand
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professorSusanRaskywonthePolkAwardforjournalismin1991.USCProfessorandUCBerkeleyalumna
VietThanhNguyen's(PhD1997)firstnovelTheSympathizerwonthe2016PulitzerPrizeforFiction[269]
AlumnihaveactedinclassictelevisionseriesthatarestillbroadcastonTVtoday.KarenGrassle(BA1965)
playedthemotherCarolineIngallsinLittleHouseonthePrairie,JerryMathers(BA1974)starredinLeaveit
toBeaver,andRoxannDawson(BA1980)portrayedB'ElannaTorresonStarTrek:Voyager.
Formerundergraduateshaveparticipatedinthecontemporarymusicindustry,suchasGratefulDeadbass
guitaristPhilLesh,ThePolicedrummerStewartCopeland,[270]RollingStoneMagazinefounderJannWenner,
TheBanglesleadsingerSusannaHoffs(BA1980),CountingCrowsleadsingerAdamDuritz,electronicmusic
producerGiraffage,MTVcorrespondentSuchinPak(BA1997),[271]AFImusiciansDaveyHavokandJade
Puget(BA1996),andsoloartistMariDigby(SayItAgain).PeopleMagazineincludedThirdEyeBlindlead
singerandsongwriterStephanJenkins(BA1987)inthemagazine'slistof"50MostBeautifulPeople".[272]
Alumnihavealsoparticipatedintheworldofsports.TennisathleteHelenWillsMoody(BA1925)won31
GrandSlamtitles,includingeightsinglestitlesatWimbledon.TarikGlenn(BA1999)isaSuperBowlXLI
champion.MicheleTafoya(BA1988)isasportstelevisionreporterforABCSportsandESPN.[273]Sports
agentLeighSteinberg(BA1970,JD1973)hasrepresentedprofessionalathletessuchasSteveYoung,Troy
Aikman,andOscardelaHoyaSteinberghasbeencalledthereallifeinspiration[274]forthetitlecharacterin
theOscarwinning[275]filmJerryMaguire(portrayedbyTomCruise).MattBiondi(BA1988)woneight
Olympicgoldmedalsduringhisswimmingcareer,inwhichheparticipatedinthreedifferentOlympics.Atthe
BeijingOlympicsin2008,NatalieCoughlin(BA2005)becamethefirstAmericanfemaleathleteinmodern
Olympichistory[276]towinsixmedalsinoneOlympics.
Thereareatleast15livingalumnibillionaires:MasayoshiSon(SoftBanksecondwealthiestJapanese),[277]
GordonMoore(Intelfounder),JonStryker(StrykerMedicalEquipment),[278]BillJoy(computerprogrammer
andSunMicrosystemsfounder),EricSchmidt(GoogleChairman),BassamAlghanim(wealthiestKuwaiti),
KutaybaAlghanim,[277]CharlesSimonyi(Microsoft),CherWang(HTC,wealthiestTaiwanese),RobertHaas
(Levi's),DonaldFisher(Gap),CarlosRodriguezPastor(Interbank,Peru),[279]FayezSarofim,JamesHarris
Simons,andMichaelMilken.
Seealso
HigherEducationRecruitmentConsortium
PacificFilmArchive
UniversityofCaliforniaMuseumofPaleontology
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Furtherreadingandviewing
Brechin,Gray(1999).ImperialSanFrancisco.UCPressLtd.ISBN0520215680.
Cerny,SusanDinkelspiel(2001).BerkeleyLandmarks:AnIllustratedGuidetoBerkeley,California's
ArchitecturalHeritage.BerkeleyArchitecturalHeritageAssociation.ISBN0970667604.
Freeman,Jo(2003).AtBerkeleyintheSixties:TheEducationofanActivist,19611965.Indiana
UniversityPress.ISBN0253216222.
Helfand,Harvey(2001).UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley.PrincetonArchitecturalPress.ISBN1
568982933.
Owens,MFEM(2004).America'sBestValueColleges.ThePrincetonReview.ISBN0375763732.
Rorabaugh,W.J.(1990).BerkeleyatWar:The1960s.OxfordUniversityPress.ISBN0195066677.
Wiseman,Frederick(Director)(2013).AtBerkeley(Motionpicture).ZipporahFilms.
Wong,Geoffrey(May2001).AGoldenStateofMind.TraffordPublishing.ISBN1552126358.
Externallinks
Officialwebsite(http://www.berkeley.edu)
WikimediaCommonshas
CaliforniaBearsAthleticswebsite(http://www.calbears.com/)
mediarelatedtoUniversity
"California,Universityof".Collier'sNewEncyclopedia.1921.
ofCalifornia,Berkeley.
UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley(https://www.dmoz.org/Refere
nce/Education/Colleges_and_Universities/North_America/United_States/California/University_of_Calif
ornia/Berkeley/)atDMOZ
Retrievedfrom"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?
title=University_of_California,_Berkeley&oldid=755062063"
Categories: UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley Berkeley,California UniversityofCalifornia
UniversitiesandcollegesinAlamedaCounty,California Landgrantuniversitiesandcolleges
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SchoolsaccreditedbytheWesternAssociationofSchoolsandColleges
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TextisavailableundertheCreativeCommonsAttributionShareAlikeLicenseadditionaltermsmay
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