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Universidad Andre
ticas
Departamento de Ciencias Fsicas y Matema
ECUACIONES DIFERENCIALES
2do Semestre, 2003
Profesor: Alejandro L
opez
Ayudante: Alfonso Toro
2
Y
ss
s(1 s) s(1 s)
0
1
Y
1
1
= p
+
Y
s
s 1s
Y0
1 p
p
(p + 1)
p
=
=
+
YZ
s sZ 1 s
s
s1
1
1
ln |Y | = (p + 1)
ds + p
ds = (p + 1) ln |s| + p ln |s 1| + K
s
s1
ln |Y | = ln |s|(p+1) |s 1|p + K
C(s 1)p
Y (s) =
sp+1
(b) (1.5 pt) Encuentre
et dn n t
(t e ) .
n! dtn
Soluci
n t on:
o
n
o
e d
1
d
n t
n t
L n!
(t
e
)
(s)
=
L
(t
e
)
(s 1)
n
n!
dt( n)
dt
1
n!
{sn L{tn et }} (s 1)
t=0
t=0
n t (n1)
(t e )
(s 1)
t=0
n
o
n!
sn (s+1)
(s 1)
n+1
1
n!
1 (s1)n n!
n! sn+1
(s1)n
sn+1
=L
et d n t
t e
n! dtn
p(t) = 1t
t
t = 0 es punto singular.
q(t) = pt
tp(t) = 1 t
analticas en t = 0 t=0 es singular regular
t2 q(t) = tp
tp(t) 1 = po
t0
t2 q(t) = qo
t0
(b) (1.5 pt) Use el metodo de Frobenius para encontrar un solucion Lp (t) de la ecuacion en
torno a t = 0. En particular, pruebe que Lp (t) es un polinomio de grado p y encuentre
una formula para sus coeficientes.
Soluci
on:
Buscamos solucion de la forma
y=
an tn+r
n=0
y0 =
an (n + r)tn+r1
n=0
y 00 =
an (n + r)(n + r 1)tn+r2
n=0
Sustituyendo
an (n + r)(n + r 1)t
n+r1
n=0
an (n + r)t
n+r1
n=0
2 n+r1
an (n + r) t
n=0
2 n+r
an+1 (n + 1 + r) t
an r2 +
X
n=0
an (n + r)t
n+r
n=0
n=0
an (p n r)tn+r = 0
n=0
n=1
an (p n r)tn+r = 0
n=0
an p tn+r = 0
Usamos r = 0, a0 = y(0) = 1
n
n
an+1 = (n+r+p)a
= (np)a
(n+r+1)2
(n+1)2
(np1)an1
para n 1
n2
p
a = p
12 0
(1p)
a1 = (1p)(p)
22
22 12
3
(2p)a2
(2p)(1p)(p)
=
= (1) p(p1)(p2)
32
32 22 12
(3!)2
(1)n p
an = n! n n = 1, 2, . . . , p
ap+1 = (p+1p1)
ap = 0 ap+2 (p+2p1)
0=0
(p+1)2
(p+2)2
an =
a1 =
a2 =
a3 =
(1)3 p!
(p3)!3!
(1)3 p
3!
3
an = 0 n p + 1
y=
p
X
(1)n p
n!
n=0
tn = Lp (t)
bn tn ,
n=1
bn tn
n=1
y20
y100
y10
1 X
bn ntn1
ln t + y1 +
t n=1
1 X
y1 2 +
bn n(n 1)tn2
t
t
n=1
1
2y10
y200
2y10
1 X
1
y1 +
bn n(n 1)tn1 + y10 ln t + y1 +
t n=1
t
ln t +
Sustituyendo
ty100
ln t +
n1
bn nt
y10 t ln t
y1
bn nt + py1 ln t +
n=1
n=1
(ty100
t)y10
+ (1
{z
+ py1 ) ln t +
}
2y10
y1 +
2y10
y1 +
bn+1 (n + 1) t +
2y10 y1 +b1 +
|{z}
|{z}
grado p1
grado p
2 n
n=0
pbn tn = 0
n=1
2 n1
bn n t
n=1
=0
bn (p n)tn = 0
n=1
bn (p n)tn = 0
n=1
X
n=1
n=p+1
bp+1
ap
(1)p
p
(1)p
=
6= 0
=
=
(p + 1)2
p!(p + 1)2 p
p!(p + 1)2
bn+1 =
bp+1 6= 0
(n p)bn
(n + 1)2
bp+2 =
inductivamente obtenemos bk 6= 0, k p + 1.
np+1
(p + 1 p) bp+1
6= 0
(p + 2)2