ADVANCED

1. FASHION MATTERS
1.1 VOCABULARY
1. A slave to fashion: someone who always feel the need to wear the latest fashions.
2. Must-have: something that is highly fashionable and therefore in demand.
Example: I used to yes like most young people I was a bit of a slave to fashion
and Id always have to buy that must-have shirt or pair of shoes Im not so bothered
now though I wouldnt feel comfortable wearing something old fashioned but Im not
as bothered as I used to be about what I wear
3. To look good in: to wear something that suits you.
4. Fashion icon: a person who is famous for their sense of fashion.
Example: I prefer casual clothes actually I hate getting dressed up for special
occasions personally I think its possible to look good in a pair of jeans but thats
my opinion I dont think my wife would call me a fashion icon thats for sure
5.

Vintage clothes: clothes from an earlier period

6.

Classic style: a simple, traditional style that is always fashionable

Example: Apart from the big chain stores weve got a couple of really nice shops that
sell vintage clothes old clothes but in a classic style that never really go out of
fashion I love going there
7. To take pride in ones appearance: to pay attention to how one looks
8. Dressed to kill: wearing clothes that attract admirers
9. To suit someone: to look good on someone
10. To have a sense of style: the ability to wear clothes that look stylish
11. Off the peg: clothing that is ready made
12. Designer label: a well-known company that makes (often expensive) clothing
13. timeless: something that doesnt go out of fashion

1.2 PHRASAL VERBS

1.

Dress up: to put on formal clothes for a special occasion. SYN: WEAR FORMALLY
You don't need to dress up to go to the mall - jeans and a T-shirt are fine.

2.

Go out of (Sb/Sth): if a feeling or quality goes out of someone or something, they do

not have it any longer.
Old clothes but in a classic style that never really go out of fashion
SYN: DONT HAVE SB/STH ANYMORE

3.

Keep up (with Sb/Sth): to do whatever is necessary to stay level or equal with

someone or something.
SYN: TO BE UPDATED WITH SB/STH
She doesnt seem too concerned about keeping up with the latest fashion.

4.

Get away with: to manage to do something without any bad results

Ever for work, I can get away with casual stuff.
SYN: get off/be let off lightly, unpunished...

5.

Try on/ Try (Sth) on: to put on a piece of clothing to discover if it fits you or if you like
it
I tried on the red jacket / I tried the red jacket on / I tried it on.
SYN: wear, get dressed to see if it fits you

6.

Slip on something: to put clothing on quickly and easily.

After breakfast, we slipped on our coats.
SYN: put on, wear, and get dressed...

7.

Put together: to put the parts of something in the correct places and join them to
each other:
Sally put together the most outrageous outfit-red leather shorts, a bright green top and
knee-length boots with stars on.
SYN: combine, mix

8.

Stand out: to be very noticeable.

When we got there, they both stood out on the dance floor and I looked very ordinary
in comparison.
SYN: distinguish, contrast...

1.3 IDIOMS
1.
2.

As comfortable as an old shoe. (Adjective) Ive always liked going to my

grandmothers house. It feel as comfortable as an old shoe.
Have Sth up your sleeve (Verb)
Im sure Tina has got something up her sleeve. Time will tell.

3.

Pull your socks up (Verb)

Katy should pull her sock up and start working harder. Otherwise, she's going to fail
the course.

4.

Stuffed shirt (Noun)

Please, don't invite Tom. He's such a stuffed shirt. I' can't stand him.

5.

I take my hat off to (Verb)

I take my hat off to my mother. She's been so brave her whole life and I really admire
her.

2. VIRTUAL WORLD
2.1 VOCABULARY
1. Fast Pace (n): rapid rhythm
Technology progresses at such a fast pace that from time to time it is difficult for
someone to keep up with it.
2. High-Tech (n): (technologically advanced)
Some people are scared of high-tech devices/products.
3. Access: self-explanatory
Everybody should have access to the internet.
Advance (n): self-explanatory
Technological advances have brought many benefits to the world.
4. Breakthrough (n): major progress or advance, etc. as in science.
The penicillin was one of the most breakthrough of all the times.
5.

Automation: self-explanatory
The automation of production processes has led to increased unemployment.

6. Connection: self-explanatory
Most people are connected to the internet these days.
7. Device: Technologic Object
It is important to have some kind of communication device such as a mobile telephone
or the internet.
8. Up-to-date: Modern, recent.
Teenagers think it is important to have the most up-to-date technology.
9. User-friendly: self-explanatory
Modern mobile phones such as the Iphone are very user-friendly.

Others:

Easy to get into

Suitable for all ages

Boom

Sophisticated

Electronically

Outlook

Drawback/downside

Meaningless

2.2 PHRASAL VERBS

1. Wake up to become aware of
It's time you woke up to the fact that our world is changing faster and faster.
2. Keep up with (sth/sb): To be updated.
Employees need to keep up with the latest technical developments.
3. Figure out: solve
I cant figure out what the teacher was talking about.
4.

Get down to sth/doing sth: Start doing sth seriously.

Right now, we have to get down to discussing about our project.

5.

Make for sth: to move towards a place.

I think it's time we made for britanico

6. Miss out on sth: lose an opportunity

I can't figure out why qualified candidades miss out on job opportunities.
7. Put(sb)off (sb/sth): make someone not want/like something
Roberts attitude towards women really puts me off.
8. Take (sth) on: to accept some work or responsibility
I cant take on any more work at the moment.
2.3 IDIOMS

Spread like wildfire: Become popular quickly

In fact, the videogame has spread like wildfire

Its a dotcom phenomenon: A successful web company

Google is a well-known dotcom phenomenon

Its not rocket science: Sth is not as hard as most people think.
A lot of people think that making a website is hard but its not rocket science.

You dont have to reinvent the wheel: When there is a process already in place to
achieve a goal you dont need to create a new process.
Its no necessary to reinvent the wheel if you want to go to the Moon.

A hack, A life hack: A shortcut, something that makes it easier to accomplish a goal.
Listening to podcasts are a great life hack because you can shorten your
learning time and learn on the go!
2.4 COLLOCATIONS

1. To browse the websites: to look at websites

Example: Whenever I have spare time, I enjoy browsing the websites to catch up on
the up-to-date news
2. To bookmark a webpage: to mark a webpage for future purpose

Example: One of my habit is booking mark a webpage, which I find useful, for later
researching.
3. To back up files: to make a copy of files in case of computer problems
Example: Computer producers unusually advise that computer users should back up
their important files to prevent losing information in case of computer problems

4. A techie: somebody who has an interest in technology

Example: I can say that I am a techie, I do research about computer and internet all the
time.
2.5 INTERESTING TITBITS

It has a beneficial/detrimental effect on

Technology has revolutionized communication in different ways.
It has transformed the way people think
This gadget is ecologically sound (safe)
It's growing in popularity
It's import to broad our knowledge of the world
3. GOING PLACES
3.1. VOCABULARY
Backpacker (n): This hostel is popular with backpackers and seasonal workers.
Rucksack (n): The backpacker's rucksack looked bigger than her.
Bed and Breakfast (n): I like to stay in a bed and breakfast instead of in a big
hotel.
Campsite (n): We're going back to the same campsite we stayed at last year.
Caravan (n, verb): Let's caravan to the concert so no one gets lost.
Cliff (n): A beautiful sunset could be seen from the cliff over the sea.
Harbour (n): No boats are allowed to enter the harbor after midnight.
Shore (n): Karen stood on the shore watching the people swimming in the lake.
Yatch (n): The yachts gathered in the harbour for the start of the race. (racing
boat = velero) // The millionaire likes to spend most of the summer on his yacht.
(large boat = yate)
Spots (n): Tim and Nicola picnicked at a local beauty spot.
Excursion (n): The club is planning an excursion to New York next month.
Suite (n): For their anniversary trip, Elizabeth and Patrick reserved a suite,
rather than just a room.
Injection: I have to have an injection

Tan (n, verb, adj): Erika had a tan from all the time she had spent outdoors
over the summer.
3.2. PHRASAL VERBS
CHECK IN
When we got to the hotel we went to the reception to CHECK IN
GET AWAY
Paolo decided he really needed to GET AWAY to somewhere hot where he
could rest and relax.
TO GET IN (to arrive at a destination)
The plane is supposed to GET IN at about 10.00
SET OFF (begin a journey)
Dr. Lee SET OFF from his house around 6.00 this morning in order to catch his
flight
STOP OVER
When we fly to Japan we usually SET OVER in Delhi.
BOOKED (SB) INTO
When the family went to the travel agency, the travel agent BOOKED them
INTO a hotel on the coast for two weeks.
CHECK OUT
All hotel guests must CHECK OUT by midday
TAKE OFF
Please go to Gate 14 as the plane to Lisbon is due to TAKE OFF in about 30
minutes.

3.3. IDIOMS
jump on the
bandwagon

If a person or organisation jumps on the bandwagon,

they decide to do something when it is already
successful or fashionable.
When organic food became popular, certain
stores were quick to jump on the bandwagon and
promote it.

in the same
boat

If two or more parties are in the same boat, they are

in the same unpleasant or difficult situation.
When the factory closed down, the workers all

found themselves in the same boat.

highways
and byways

If you travel the highways and byways, you take large

and small roads to visit every part of the country.
He travelled the highways and byways looking for
traces of his ancestors.

hit the road

When you hit the road, you begin a journey.

It's getting late and we've got a long way to go.
Let's hit the road.

on the
home
stretch

To say that you are on the home stretch means that

you are approaching the end of something such as a
task, a race or a journey.
Don't give up - we're on the home stretch now.

itchy feet

A person who has itchy feet is someone who finds it

difficult to stay in one place and likes to travel and
discover new places.
Andrew's got itchy feet again. He says he's going
to teach in China for a few years.

pedal to the
metal

When you put the pedal to the metal, you accelerate

or make something go faster.
If I put the pedal to the metal I might get there on
time.

any port in
a storm

When you are in difficulty, any port in a storm refers to

a solution you accept which in normal circumstances
you would find unacceptable.
The hotel was substandard, but it was a case of
any port in a storm; all the others were full.

take for a
ride

To take someone for a ride means to cheat or deceive

them.
I discovered the taxi driver had charged me
double the normal fee. He really took me for a
ride!

middle of
the road
(MOR)

This term refers to anything moderate, unadventurous

or inoffensive that avoids extremes and appeals to the
majority of people.
He's a successful middle-of-the-road entertainer.
My mother wouldn't miss a show!

get show on
the road

If you manage to put a plan into action, you get the

show on the road.
OK, we've got all we need, so let's get the show
on the road.

shank's
pony

If you go somewhere on Shank's pony, you have to

walk rather than travel by bus, car, etc.
It was impossible to find a taxi after the party, so
it was Shank's pony for us!

ships that
pass in the
night

This expression refers to people who meet briefly and

are not likely to meet again.

live out of a
suitcase

Someone who lives of a suitcase travels a lot, moving

from place to place, and is therefore restricted to the
contents of their suitcase.

The two men met one, like ships that pass in the
night, and never met again.

Sarah's job involves so much travelling that she

lives out of a suitcase.
train of
thought

A sequence of connected ideas is called a train of

thought.
I was considering the different options when the noise
outside broke my train of thought.

on the
wagon

Someone who is on the wagon is no longer drinking

alcohol.
No wine for me please - I'm on the wagon.

ADV 4: ENDAGERED
WORD

MEANING

EXAMPLE

Antler (n)

one of the two horns of a male deer

A reindeer sheds its antlers each year.

Cuddly
(adj)

a person or animal that

is cuddly makes you want to cuddle
them

He is the most affectionate and

cuddly dog I have ever known.

Scimitar
(n)

a sword with a curved blade that

was used in the past

A scimitar was displayed on the

ornately carved mantel.

Enclosur
e (n)

an area surrounded by
a wall or fence, and used for a
particular purpose

Outside the farmhouse is an

enclosure for chickens.

Beak (n)

the hard pointed mouth of a bird

an animals foot that

has nails or claws
the point where a new or different
Brink (n)
situation is about to begin.
Bluntly
speaking in a direct honest way
(Adv)
that sometimes upsets people
Puddle
a small pool of liquid,
(n)
especially rainwater
a group of animals of one kind that
Herd (n)
live and feed together
4.1 VOCABULARY
Paw (n)

The spoonbill is a type of bird that

has a long, spoon-shaped beak.
a lionspaw
Her father's death brought Maisy to
the brink of desperation.
To put it bluntly, shes not up to the
job.
Children splashed through the
puddles.
a herd of cattle / herds of
elephants

4.2 PHRASAL VERBS

Cut sth. down : to reduce the amount of something(SIN: reduce)

Installing double-glazing will cut down the noise from traffic.

Live up to:If something or someone lives up to a particular standard or promise,

they do as well as they were expected to, do what they promised etc. (SIN: be as
goos as)
The bank is insolvent and will be unable to live up to its obligations.

Look forward to sth/doing sth: to be excited and pleased about something that is
going to happen.
Im really looking forward to our vacation.

Come out: if something comes out, it is removed from a place.(SIN: emerge)

These stains will never come out!

Keen on :very interested, eager, or wanting (to do) something very much.
Hes very keen on eating Chinese food.

Take out: to get money from your bank account(SIN: withdraw)

How much would you like to take out?

4.3 IDIOMS

To feel like a fish out of water: to feel awkward, because you are not familiar with
the situation.
All
the
children
in
their
first
day
at
school,
they
were beginning to feel like a fish out ofwater.

Take the bull by the horns:to confront a problem head-on and deal with it openly.
It's time to take the bull by the horns and get this job done.

To look a gift horse in the mouth:

to be ungrateful to someone who gives you something; to treat someone who gives
you a gift badly. (Usually witha negative.)

Never look a gift horse in the mouth.I advise you not to look a gift horse in the mout.

To be a wolf in sheeps clothing:

to a person with a pleasant and friendly appearance that hides the factthat they
are evil.
Carla thought the handsome stranger was gentle and kind, butSusan suspected he
was a wolf in sheep's clothing.

To had a whale of a time: to enjoy yourself very much

We had a whale of a time on holiday.

4.4 EXPRESIONS (INSTEAD OF COLLOCATIONS)

Kill time: Occupy yourself

I listened to my I-Pod to kill the time while waiting for the bus.

Tell the time: to say what the time is, perhaps after somebody asks the time.
You say we can do nothing about itand we should change the subject.

Take time off: take leave from work

Im taking time off to see friends I havent seen in years. She took time off to
vacation in Madrid.

One at a time: One by one

The clients pass one at a time by the cash register.

From time to time: Ocasionallya

I wolk for a walk in the countryside from time to time.

A time when: During

At time when the dinosaurs roamed the Earth, there was human life.

In time: By the appointed time

I go to the concert in time to get a seat at the front.

At times: Sometimes
At times, I just want to quit my job.

(four) times as much

Membership would cost between four times as much as the current system.

4.5 INTERESTING TITBITS

It was worth every penny:

t is one of those books that is worth every penny you invest.

Its easy to get lost:

Jumping from place to place it is easy to get lost.

ADV 5: MIXED EMOTIONS

5.1 VOCABULARY
WORD

MEANING

Trigger
(n)

part of firearm

Grin (v)

to smile widely

Uneasy
(adj)
Hostage
(n)
Swerve
(v)
Brittle
(adj)

worried or slightly afraid because you

think that something bad might happen
someone who is kept as a prisoner by an
enemy so that the other side will do what
the enemy demands kidnap
to make
a sudden sideways movement while
moving forwards, usually in order
toavoid hitting something
hardbuteasilybroken

EXAMPLE
The policeman had his finger on the
trigger of the gun.
She grinned at me, her eyes
sparkling.
Ninety percent of those
questioned felt uneasy about
nuclear power.
The group are holding two
tourists hostage
The car swerved sharply to avoid
the dog.
Joanna was diagnosed as having
brittle bones.

6.2 PHRASAL VERBS

End up: to be in a particular situation, state, or place after a series of events,

especially when you did not plan it(SIN: arrive somewhere)
He came round for a coffee and we ended up having a meal together.

Carry on:continue doing sth

Sorry, I interrupted you. Please carry on

Make out: to be just able to see or hear something(SIN: pretend)

He could just make out a dark shape moving towards him.

Take sth. up:to become interested in a new activity and to spend time doing it(SIN:
start a hobby)
Hetook painting up for a while, but soon lost interest.

Go on: to continue doing something or being in a situation.(SIN:endure, continue)

He went on working until he was 91.

Pull away:to start to drive away from a place where you had stopped(SIN: retreat)
He waved as he pulled away.

Come down: if a price, level etc comes down, it gets lower(SIN: descend)
A lot of trees came down in the stor.

Pull up:to stop the vehicle that you are driving(SIN: stop)
The taxi pulled up to the curb, and the woman got out.

6.3 IDIOMS

To be keep (her) chin up: to keep ones spirits high; to act brave and confident.

Keep your chin up, John.Thingswillgetbetter. Justkeep

judge exactly whathappened.

your chinup and tell the

To be on cloud nine:to be extremely happy and excited:

"Was Helen pleased about getting that job?" "Pleased? Shewasoncloudnine!"

A bit under the weather: Not healthy.

I feel sort of under the weather today. Whatever I ate for lunch is making me feel a
bit under the weather.

Jump out of (my) skin: to be extremely surprised by something.

The loud noise made me jump out of my skin.

In two minds: to be unable to decide about something:

I was in two minds whether or not to come this morning.

To be in a black mood: a very unhappy feeling.

She was in one of her black moods today

6.4 COLLOCATIONS

Keep your promise

This policy will not allow you to keep your promise of full employment.

Set an example:
He believed that all people of authority should set an example,and that they should
match conduct to words

Change the subject:start talking about [sth] else.

You say we can do nothing about itand we should change the subject.

Be in favour of:choose over [sth] else.

I believe that a majority will be in favour of this proposal

6.5 INTERESTING TITBITS

Little hope:
Her first visit to an oncologist gave her little hope.

straight up (spoken)
Used to ask someone if they are telling the truth Straight up? Did you really pay that
much for it?

A bit of rush: fast

It was a bit of rush apparently. This person picked up a briefcase.

As it turned out (=used to say what happened in the end)

We had lost touch when we were eight as they had moved away, to Australia as it
turned out.
ADV 6 WHAT IF?

WORD

MEANING
a situation where roads in
Gridloc
a town become so blocked by cars that
k
it is impossible for any traffic to move
the largest prize in
Jackpot
a competition or game
a woman
Widow
whose husband or wife has died
plates, bowls, etc. that are made
Pottery
from clay
to chase someone or to refuse to leave
Hond
someone alone, especially because you
want to get something from them
6.1 VOCABULARY

EXAMPLE
The centre of towns gridlocked. You
would never get there in ten minutes
The jackpot was over $1 million
Mr Jones died ten years ago, but his
widow still lives in the same house.
Glenn looked at the items of pottery on
display in the shop
The reporters wouldn't stop hounding
her.

6.2 PHRASAL VERBS

Keep (sb./sth.) away: Prevent from getting closer

Do not inhale vapours and keep away from sources of ignition.

Keep down: stop the number, level or size os something from increasing.
(SIN:repress, suppress)
They can't keep down our desire for liberty.

Keep in: make someone stay in hospital

Mak had the operation on Saturday but theyre keep him in for more tests.

Keep to: Stay with something such as plan, subject, path (SIN: adhere)
However hard we try, it is difficult to keep to a diet and lose weight. This plan will
work if we keep to it.

Keep up with sb./sth: Move at the same speed as someone or something (SIN: go
as fast)
The old woman struggled to keep up with her agile young granddaughter.

Track sb./sthdown:to find someone or something that is difficult to find

by searching or looking for information in several different places(SIN: locate)
The posse used bloodhounds to track down the fugitive.

Find sth. out:to get information, after trying to discover it or by chance(SIN:

discover)
She found out that her husband was having an affair.

Finish off:to complete the last part of something that you are doing (SIN:
complete)
Itll take me a couple of hours to finish this job off.

Pay sth. off: to give someone all the money you owe them
Ill pay off all my debts first.

6.3 IDIOMS

It takes two to tango: Both people involved in difficult situation should accept the
blame.
She may want to argue, but it takes two to tango and I won't stoop to her level.

Break a leg: Used to wish good luck in a performance.

I do hope you all break a leg in tomorrows performance

This isnt over until the fat lady sings: It still possible for a situation to change.
He thinks hes already won the game, but this isnt over until the fat lady sings.

The show must go: said to encourage someone to continue with what they are
doing even if they are experiencing difficulties.
There may be a war on, but here at the industrial design fair, the show must go on.

Being in the spotlight: to get attention and interest from the public
I always assumed she liked being in the spotlight.

6.4 COLLOCATIONS

Focus on: train eyes on.

He needs to focus more on his career.

Process of:
The process of economic change.

Portent of disaster:An indication or omen of something about to happen

Out of order: If something someone says or does is out of order, it is unpleasant or

not suitable and it is likely to upset or offend people:
His behaviour in the meeting was out of order.

6.5 INTERESTING TITBITS

Good causes
Donations to "good causes" as a matter of personal choice by individual citizens.

Rightly or wrongly
These new books, rightly or wrongly, have been criticised for not conveying a
clear message of peace and friendship.

Indeed: Certainly (use for start a paragraph in writing)

Indeed, thanks to YouTube, she is being talked about not just by her friends at
home.

7. LIFES TOO SHIRT

7.1 Vocabulary

7.2 Phrasal verbs

Fall apart
Fall for sb
Fall out (with sb)
Fall through

To start having a problems that you can not deal with

E: She fall apart after her husband died.
To suddenly have strong, romantic feelings about someoone
E: One day you fall for this boy
To argue with someone and stop being friendly with them
E:She has fallen out with Sam again
If a plan or agreement fall through, it fails to happen
E: We told DSC that the deal could fall through and nobody took
us seriously

7.3 Idioms
Get/set/start the ball rolling

to begin an activity or process .

E: At the meeting, she tried to get the ball rolling by asking a few questions.
The ball is in your court
its your turn / decisin.
E:Ive already done what I had to do. Now, the ball is in your court.
Play the game
to accept the rules of a situation or place.
E: You need to play the game if you want to be part of the group.
Move the goalposts
to change the target or rules.
E: This Project is imposible to finish you keep moving the goalposts.

7.4 Collocations
SPORTS
Do aerobics
Do martial arts
Do athletics
Do gymnastics
Go swimming
Go snowboarding
Go running
Play football
Play basketball
Play golf

THE SPORT TAKE

PLACE
Gym, Studio
Gym
Gym, Piste
Gym
Pool
Piste
Track, Piste
Pitch, Stadium
Court
Course

7.5 Interesting titbits

Expressions with do
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)

Ive always found that they a very good company to do business with them
What does your father do for a living?
The engineers are doing a good job on building the new stadium.
The fire did a lot of damage to the sports hall
Id forgotten my wallet, so Tom did me a favor and lent me some money.
The players always do their best for the team and thats why they win.
One thing I cant do without is my bicycle I use it all the time

8. Growing up
8.1 Vocabulary

Neighbourhood (n)
Overlook (v)
Struggle (v)
Disapprove (v)
Selfish (adj)
Storey (n)
Proud (adj)

Homework (n)

an area of a town or city that people live in

E: Are there any good restaurants in the neighbourhood?
to have a view of something from above
E: Our hotel room had a balcony overlooking the sea.
to try very hard to do something difficult
E:Hes struggling to pay his bills.
to think that someone or something is bad or wrong
E: Her family disapproved of the marriage.
caring only about yourself and not other people
E:then explain how I am selfish.
a level of a building
E:a three-storey house
feeling very pleased about something you own or something
you have done
E:She was so proud of her son.
the work that you do to keep your house clean
E:I cant stand doing housework.

8.2 Phrasal verbs

Get away: to leave or escape from a place or person, often when it isdifficult to
do this
E: We walked to the next beach to get away from the crowds

Get down to sth: to start doing something seriously and with a lot of attention
and effort.
E:Susie needs to get down to some work because she has exam son.

Get out of sth/doing sth: to avoid doing something that you do not want to do,
especially by giving an excuse.
E:Tom got out of washing the floor, which put him in a good mood.

Get over: to feel better after being sick or sad

E: Shes just getting over a cold

Get into sth: to succeed in being chosen to study at a school or to join an

organization.
E: She got into Oxford University.

Get away with: to do something bad without being punished for it.
E: If hes rude to you, dont let him get away with it.

Be accustomed to something: to have done something so often or have had

it so long that it is normal or comfortable for you
E: He was accustomed to speaking in public.

Get on (with so):If two or more people get on, they like each other and are
friends.
E:Karen and Dianne dont get on

8.3 Idioms

Work your fingers to the bone

to work extremely hard, especially for a long time
E: She worked her fingers to the bone to provide a home and food for seven
children.
Roll up your sleeves
to prepare for hard work
E: Theres a lot of work to do, so roll up your sleeves and get busy.
Business is business
something that you say which means the purpose of business is to make a
profit
E: He felt that I took advantage of his situation, but business is business.
Learn/know the ropes
to learn/know how to do a job or activity
E: When I took over the family business, it took me a while to learn the ropes.
Give a blank cheque
to give someone freedom or permission to act as one wishes or thinks
necessary.
E: The manager has been given no instructions about how to train the staff. The
owner just gave him a blank check.

8.4 Collocations
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)

She was good keeping secrets

My fathers new car have do 200 Kph.
I dont like people who break their promises.
Were having a holiday in South Africa this year.
Max made a fortune from computer software.
The music from the festival kept me awake for ages last night.
This ice cream tastes really good.
Lyli spends too much time at her friends house.

9. the hard sell

9.1 Vocabulary
Voice-over
Jingle
Celebrity
Verdict
Brand
Cunning

on a television programme, film, or advertisement, the spoken words of a

person that you cannot see.
E: Famous actors often provide voice-overs for ads.
a simple rhyming verse or tune
E: nursery rhymes and other little jingles
a famous person
an opinion or decision reached after consideration
E:The competitors are still waiting for the verdict of the judges.
a product that is made by a particular company
E: Which brand of toothpaste do you use?
skilful at getting what you want, especially by tricking people
E: that cunning old politician

9.2 Phrasal verbs

Call (so) back

to call someone on the phone a second time

E: Please call back later
to go to a place in order to get someone
E:Ill call for you at eight.
to need or deserve a particular action, remark, or quality
E: Its the sort of work that calls for a high level of concentration.
to visit a place or person for a short time, usually while you are going
somewhere else.
E: Ill call in on my way home.
to decide that something that is planned will not happen
E: The game was called off because of bad weather.
to call someone on the pone
E: Call Paul up and ask what hes doing tonight.

Call for so
Call for sth
Call in

Call sth off

Call (so) up

9.3 Idioms

Sell like hot cakes

to be bought quickly and in large numbers
E:I am sure our products are going to sell like hot cakes.
The Midas touch
if someone has the Midas touch, that person is financially successful in
everything they do.
E: We should call P & A. it is said they have the Midas touch as all the
products they advertise become successful.
Break the bank
to cost too much
E:It only costs $2. That's not going to break the bank.
Be in the red
have financial problems
E: Have you been in the red? What did you do to get money?
Be back on your feet
to recover from problems
E: We'll soon have you back on your feet again," said the nurse

9.4 Collocations
Huge

Shallow
Low

9.5 Interesting titbits

Variety
Picture
Market
Budget
Idea
Message
Character
Budget
Voice

Wide
Deep
High
Narrow

Variety
Market
Picture
Voice
Message
Character
Budget
Voice
View
Picture
Ideas

Expressions for discussing ideas

Informal
Reckon: I reckon it's going to rain
Bet: I bet you (that) she's missed the bus.
Guess: Guess what? We won the game 40.

Introducing an idea or opinion

I suppose
It seem to me that
Giving a different point of view
On the other hand
True enough though
Adding to an idea
not only that, but
Whats more

UNIT 10 (THE FINAL FRONTIER)

10.1. VOCABULARY
Futuristic: strange and very modern, or intended or seeming to come from some
imagined time in the future.
-

A futuristic car was on display at the auto show.

Her latest novel is a futuristic thriller, set some time in the late 21st century.

Land on/in/at: to arrive somewhere in a plane, boat, etc.

-

We expect to be landing in Oslo in about fifty minutes.

In 1969, the first men landed on the Moon.

Space travel: Travel through outer space.

-

People have a bad habit of comparing space travel with air travel.
One of the big problems with space travel is the astronauts need protection against
harmful radiation rays.

Expedition: A journey undertaken by a group of people with a particular purpose

especially that of exploration, research, or war.
- During the final Romanov decades scientific and exploratory expeditions were mounted
-

more and more frequently.

In the summer he accompanied groups of young people on expeditions among the hills,
woods and lakes.

Asteroid: A small rocky body orbiting the sun. Large numbers of these, ranging
enormously in size, are found between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, though some have
more eccentric orbits.
-

In our own solar system, asteroids have collided with Earth, the moon and other planets.
Most of the larger asteroids and comets are also in stable orbits around the sun.

Orbit: The regularly repeated elliptical course of a celestial object or spacecraft about a
star or planet.
-

The planets are in orbits around the sun which are almost circular.
Today we know it is gravity that holds the planets and stars in their orbits making them
appears to be hung on nothing.

Rocket: A tube-shaped vehicle for travelling in space.

-

The Americans have sent a rocket to Mars.

The rocket was launched from a space research base.

10.2. PHRASES WITH AT

At first: at the beginning of a situation or period of time.
-

I didnt like her at first, but now we are friends.

The driver had not wanted to take him at first because he was so drunk he had to be
supported by three women.

At last: finally.
-

At last Ive found a jacket I like.

Tired but home at last, the kid jumps out of the car and gently rubs his face.

At least: Not less than; at the minimum.

-

It seemed that our lives then had been happy indeed, or at least, full of hope and

content.
On the whole, though, they can at least be expected to grow along with the economy.

At once: Immediately.
-

In most companies, employees have got used to going back to work at once after lunch.
If it is broken it must be used at once, for it discolours and spoils quickly.

At peace: In a state of friendliness.

-

Once we do that, we will be at peace with ourselves.

They began as revolutionary or radical attempts to reconstruct the world but became
increasingly conservative and at peace with the world.

At present: Now.
-

Petrol prices are very high at present and there have been calls for the government to
act to reduce them.
The main focus at present in the back to school theme that all school goers must face up
to.

At rest: Not moving or not doing anything active.

- Restless legs are an unpleasant creeping sensation deep in the legs when they are at
rest, especially in the evening and during the night.

At the same time: despite this (however).

- Mountain-climbing is fun, but at the same time we must not forget the danger.
At war: A state of armed conflict between different countries or different groups within a
country.

The two countries were at war for the next eight years.
They have their armies and their weapons and you look at it as two armies at war.

11.2. PHRASAL VERBS AND EXPRESSION WITH TAKE

Take account of: to think about something when judging a situation.
-

We will take everyones opinion into account before making a decision.

A good architect takes account of the buildings surroundings.

Take after sb: to be similar to an older person in your family.

-

Peters very tall he takes after his father.

Scarlett always said that he took after his grandparents rather than his parents.

Take charge: Assume control or responsibility.

-

They will do so by learning from our mistakes, taking responsibility and taking charge.
Rather than taking charge and responsibility of the situation, one finds someone or
something to blame.

Take for granted: to expect something and not understand that you are lucky to have it.
-

To take these issues for granted, to simply accept knowledge structures as they are

presented to you, is to avoid critical thinking.

George had taken it for granted that they'd get married.

Take off: (of an enterprise) become successful or popular.

-

The business really took off by the end of December, with all places now full.
The newly launched electronic newspaper has really taken off.

Take out sth or take sth out: to remove something from somewhere.
- He reached into his bag and took out a book.
Take sb/sth seriously: to believe that someone or something is important and that you
should give attention to them.
-

This is a very important statement and I hope he takes it seriously.

If you want to make anybody take you seriously, you'll have to pay attention to details
like that.

Take turns: (of two or more people) do something alternately or in succession.

-

Mum and Dad take turns cooking.

The duo took turns writing scenes then acting each one out.

12.2. COLLOCATIONS WITH COME, TELL AND FALL:

Come to a conclusion: to have an opinion after considering all the information about

something.
- Once we have discussed what was talked about last week, we will come to a conclusion
as soon as possible.

Come to a decision: make a choice about something after thinking about several
possibilities.
- Nevertheless, in the end they have to come to a decision all together.
Fall asleep: to start sleeping.
- We fell asleep on the train and woke up to find ourselves in Calais.
Fall ill: to become unwell.
-

If they fall ill, they need to produce a doctor's certificate to access paid sick leave.

Fall in love: to be very attracted to someone and begin to love them.

- Now what do I do if I fall in love with a girl, and she does not love me?
Tell sth/sb apart: to be able to see the difference between two very similar things or
people.
- As babies, the twins looked so much alike that I just couldn't tell them apart.
Tell a lie: to say something/things that are not true.
- The woman denied the theft and protested: "May I be turned to stone if I tell a lie .
Tell a story: to entertain people with a description of a series of real or imaginary
events.
- The course provides tools to solve the challenge of finding new ways to tell a story.
Unit 10. IDIOMS
Its not rocket science: used to say that you do not think that something is very
difficult to do or to understand.
-

Come on, it's only a crossword, it's not rocket science.

Once in a blue moon: not very often.

-

My sister lives in Alaska, so I only see her once in a blue moon.

The sky is the limit: there is no limit.

-

We can do anythingthe sky's the limit.

Be a space cadet: someone who behaves strangely.

-

She's a bit of a space cadet but she's nice enough.

Be on another planet: to not give attention to what is happening around you and to
think differently from other people.
-

Some days that girl seems as if she's on another planet.

Unit 11. IDIOMS

A layabout: someone who is lazy and avoid responsibility.
-

How'd you get mixed up with that layabout?

A pain in the neck: someone or something that is very annoying.

-

That child is a real pain in the neck.

Quick-tempered: to become angry very easily.

-

Of course, we have fights, but he is genuinely quick-tempered so it's over before it's
begun.

A know-it-all: a person who thinks that they know much more than other people.
-

It was good to share some of my learning with the group, but I was also conscious of
not appearing like a know-it-all.

Be as good as gold: (of a child) to behave very well.

-

She's been as good as gold all morning.

As hard as nails: a person who is very tough or callous.

-

I can fight for whatever I want and I'm hard as nails.

Unit 12. IDIOMS

Be on the same wavelength: (of two or more people) to think in a similar way and to
understand each other well.
-

What makes the problem worse is that Howard and Tina are not on the same
wavelength about how to deal with it.

Find your feet: to become familiar with and confident in a new situation.
-

Did it take you long to find your feet when you started your new job?

Get your wires crossed: When people get their wires crossed, they have a different
understanding of the same situation:
-

Somehow we got our wires crossed because I'd written the 23rd in my diary and Jen
had the 16th.

Be light years ahead: much more advanced than others.

-

This new technology puts the company light-years ahead of its competitors.

Reinvent the wheel: to produce something new that is based on something that
already exists.
-

I'm a great believer in finding out what works well and then doing more of it, because
we can otherwise waste a lot of time reinventing the wheel.

INTERESTING TITBITS:
Expressions for writing:
All things considered
Usage: This means taking everything into account.
Example: All things considered, it seems reasonable to assume that
Provided that
Usage: This means on condition that. You can also say providing that or just providing to
mean the same thing.
Example: We may use this as evidence to support our argument, provided that we bear in mind
the limitations of the methods used to obtain it.
In other words
Usage: Use in other words when you want to express something in a different way (more
simply), to make it easier to understand, or to emphasise or expand on a point.
Example: Frogs are amphibians. In other words, they live on the land and in the water.

13.1 EDUCATION FOR LIFE

VOCABULAR
Y

MEANING

EXAMPLE
Early schooldays: The first day at
school.

Schooldays
NOUN
[plural]

The period of your life

They were friends during their
that you spend at
schooldays.
school

/skul.dez/

Educate
VERB [T]
[Often passive]
/ed.u.ket/

In my early schooldays I met to Gina

who is my best friend.

To teach someone,
especially using the
formal system of school,
college, or university

The government say they are trying to

do more to educate the public about
the consequences of drug abuse.

Educated
ADJECTIVE
/ed.u.ke.td/

Educational
ADJECTIVE

Having learned a lot at

She was probably the most highly
school or university and
educated prime minister of this
having a good level of
century.
knowledge

These children have special

educational needs and require oneProviding education or
to-one attention.
relating to education.

/ed.u
ke.n.l/

There's a reward for whoever finishes

first.

Reward
NOUN
[Countable]

Something given in
exchange
for
good
The rewards of motherhood outweigh
behaviour or good work,
the anguish.
etc

/rwd/

Apprentice
NOUN
[Countable]
/pren.ts/

Someone
who
has
agreed to work for a
skilled person for a Most of the work was done by
particular period of time
apprentices.
and often for low
payment, in order to
learn
that
person's
skills.

Whatsoever
ADVERB
/wt.sev.r/

Used after a negative

- None whatsoever.
phrase to add emphasis
to the idea that is being
I can honestly say that I have no interest
expressed.
whatsoever in the royal family.

(Moving) towards
bottom of a hill
Downhill
ADVERB/

Did you have any idea what was

happening at the time?"

the It's so much easier running downhill!

The route is all downhill from here to

the finishing line.

ADJECTIVE
/danhl/

Dustbin
NOUN
[COUNT] /
dst.bn/

A large container for

rubbish from a house or
other building, usually A quarter of the contents of an average
made of strong plastic
family's dustbin is organic matter.
or metal and kept
outside

13.2. REPORTING
There are a number of different reporting verbs in English. Here is a list of common
ones, showing the structures they can take:

VERBS

STRUCTURE

EXAMPLES

Accuse

Accuse (sb) + of + -ing

- Admit + (to) + -ing

Admit

Apologise

- Admit + (that)

Apologise + for + -ing

Patty accused him of cheating

The company admitted (to) selling banned

products.
She admitted (that) she had made a mistake.

Diana apologised for being late.

The department argued convincingly for having

extra staff.

- Argue + for + -ing

Argue
- Argue + (that)

The senator argued (that) cuts in military spending

were needed.

Claim
Claim + (that)

The company claims (that) it is not responsible for

the pollution in the river.

- Deny + -ing
Deny

Explain

- Deny + (that)

Neil denies (that) he broke the window, but I'm sure

he did.

- Explain + (that)

- Insist + on + -ing
Insist

- Insist + (that)

- Promise + (that)
Promise

Refuse

She insisted on seeing her lawyer.

Greg still insists (that) he did nothing wrong.

Promise me (that) you won't tell him.

He promised faithfully to call me every week.

Refuse + to + infinitiv

On cold mornings the caralways refuses to start.

The doctors say (that) it will take him a few weeks to

recover.

He said to meet him here.

In passive:
- is said + to + infinitiv

Suggest

She explained (that) she was going to stay with her

sister.

- Promise + to + infinitiv

- Said + (that)
Say

Karl denies breaking the window.

Urge

- Suggest + -ing

I suggested putting the matter to the committee.

- Suggest + (that)

Liz suggested (that) I try the shop on Mill Road.

Urge + to + infinitiv

The urge to steal is verystrong in some of these

young men.

Warn
- Warn (sb) + (that)

Have you warned them (that) there will be an extra

person for dinner?

- Warn + to + infinitiv

We were warned not to eat the fish which might

upset our stomachs.

13.3 IDIOMS

IDIOM
Passed it
with
flying
colours

Teachers
pet

Hit the
books

IMAGEN

MEANING

EXAMPLE

To pass sth easily and

with a high score.

John passed his geometry

test with flying colors.

A student in a class
who is liked best by the
teacher and therefore
treated better than the
other students

Sally is the teacher's pet.

She always gets special
treatment.

I can't go out tonight. I need to

hit the books.

To begin to study hard.

Extremely easy

We shouldnt have worried so

much. We studied really hard
for it and in the end, it was as
easy as ABC.

She got back to basics on

her last album, using just a
guitar and piano to produce
some wonderful music.

As easy
as ABC

Go back
to basic

Return
to
basic
instruction; start the
learning process over
again

13.4. COLLOCATIONS
EDUCATION:

Examples:

Higher education

Assessing quality in higher education

Further education

Higher and further education; Education professions

Adult education

Much time and effort has been put into promoting adult education this summer.

Local education authorities

They need to know what is being done by the local education authorities and, through
them, what is happening in the schools.

EDUCATED (ADJ):

ADV. highly, impeccably, well

She seemed intelligent and well educated. [badly, ill, poorly] [reasonably,
sufficiently] [properly, suitably, fully, broadly]
The need for a broadly educated workforce [formally, traditionally]
Less formally educated people can acquire professional competence. [privately,
expensively]

EDUCATIONAL:
Common Adjective Collocations of educational
high , economic , other , social , religious , political , cultural , American , scientific ,
special , medical , important , whole , various , same , occupational , low , local ,
many , entire , equal , general , new , recreational , public , vocational , psychological ,
national , formal , own

13.5. PHRASES

PHRASE
Are usually

Make good
progress

Misbehaving

Earners

MEANING

EXAMPLE

Tend to be

We in Europe tend to be very good at

debating, and less good at delivering.

Race ahead

Most Member States have already made

good progress in drawing up these
documents.

Mucking about

I was always getting in trouble for

misbehaving at school.

Bread-winners

Men are often expected to be the

breadwinner in a family.

Faced up to

"Speed bump" now seems to be the

generally accepted term for those ridges
in the road that slow traffic down.

Picking up on

When I give my presentation, I will

probably have to refer to my notes.

Extend

At present, more and more food is

Accepted

Referring to

Make longer

irradiated in order to make it last longer.

Be pleased
about

Give credit

I am very pleased about the widespread

support in Parliament for enlargement.

23.5. INTERESTING TITBITS

WORD
RELATED

Catch up

phrasal
verb

IDIOM OR
PHRASE

REACH SAME
STANDARD

MEANING

IMAGE

To reach the same

quality or standard
as someone or
something else.

Will Western industry ever

catch up with Japanese
innovations?
He was off school for a
while and is finding it hard
to catch up.

/kt/

14.1 CAREER MOVES

14.1. VOCABULARY
WORD

MEANING

FREELANCE
WORKER

Someone who works on

different
projects
with
different companies instead
of
being
a
company
employee.

CONCERNED

FLEXIBLE

EXAMPLE

He started off his career

working as a freelancer at a
design firm.

I'm a bit concerned about/for

your health.

Able to change or be
changed easily according to
the situation.

My schedule is flexible - I
could arrange to meet with you
any day next week.

(Especially of a word, phrase,

etc.) unnecessary because it

In the sentence "She is a single

unmarried woman", the word

Worried

REDUNDANT

"unmarried" is redundant.
is more than is needed

KNOWLEDGE
WORKER

SELFCONFIDENT

OUTSOURCE

WORK-LIFE
BALANCE

BUZZ

An employee whose job

involves
developing
and
using knowledge rather than
producing goods or services

Advanced
economies
are
service-based,
with
labor
markets split between highly
skilled knowledge workers
and
low-skilled
service
workers.

Behaving calmly because

you have no doubts about
your ability or knowledge.

At school, he was popular and

self-confident, and we weren't
surprised at his later success.

If a company outsources, it
pays to have part of its work
done by another company

Unions are fighting a plan by

the university to outsource all
non-academic services.

The amount of time you

spend
doing
your
job
compared with the amount of
time you spend with your
family and doing things you
enjoy.
A feeling of excitement,
energy, and pleasure.

It can be difficult to get the right

work-life balance.

I love riding fast it gives me a real buzz.

14.2. PHRASAL VERBS

PHRASAL
VERB
GO
OVER STHG
RUN OVER/
THROUGH
STHG
SORT STHG

MEANING

EXAMPLE

Review

Please go over your answers before

you submit your test.

Rehearse, review

Let's run over/through these lines

one more time before the show.

Organize, resolve a problem

We need to sort the bills out before

the first of the month.

OUT
ABIDE BY

To respect or obey a decision,

a law or a rule

If you want to keep your job here, you

must abide by our rules.

BRING OFF

To bring off something (or bring

something off) is to succeed in
achieving something difficult

They successfully brought off their

plans to relocate the company to
Malaysia

CASH IN ON

To cash in on something is to

benefit or make money from an

event or situation, often in an
unfair way.

Airline companies are cashing in on

the demand for cheap flights.

DO OVER

Repeat a job

Do this homework over.

CALL ON

Ask to recite in class

GET AHEAD

LAY OFF

MEET UP

RUN BY

COME
AROUND
CHANGE OVER

CUT IN

To get ahead is to be
successful in your work or your
life.
If a business lays off workers

(or lays workers off) it stops

employing them because there
is no more work for them to do.
To meet up is to meet
someone, or a group of
people, in order to do
something together.
To run something by someone

is to tell them something so

that they can consider it and
give their opinion.

The teacher called on students in the

back row
If you want to get ahead in life you must
work hard and never give up.

Many companies laid

during the recession.

off

workers

The accountant and I are meeting up at

2pm tomorrow to check the business
accounts.

Your ideas for the business are very

interesting; Ill run them by my boss.

My son doesn't want to study in New

To change one's mind, to Zealand, but I think he will come
around to the idea if he thinks about it
change one's opinion, agree.
for a while.
The Irish changed over to using
kilometres in 2005.
I was about to ask that girl on a date,
To interrupt someone when but her friend cut in and I lost the
they are speaking.
chance.
Change a system

14.3 IDIOMS

IDIOM

NOT LIFT A

MEANING

EXAMPLE

To not help someone to

do something, usually
because you are lazy

He just watches TV and never

lifts a finger to help with the
dishes.

To be very busy

You have your hands full with

managing the store.

To work very hard and

stay up very late at night

You'll wear out if you keep

burning the candle at both ends.

standing up

not knowing what to do,

esp. because of an
upsetting change
To do nothing for a
period of time, usually
while you are waiting for
something to happen
To be very busy doing
something:

The loan helped him get on his

feet again.
I was at loose ends after finishing
school and not being able to find a
job.
I arrived early for the meeting so I
was twiddling my thumbs for
half an hour.

I'm up to my eyes in homework

this week.

To have a lot of work to

do or a lot of problems to
deal with

Simon can't take on any more wor

k. He's got his plate fullas it is.

HAVE ONES
HANDS FULL

BURN THE
CANDLE AT
BOTH ENDS
ON ONES FEET

AT LOOSE ENDS
TWIDDLE ONES
THUMBS
UP TO ONES
EYES
HAVE ENOUGH
ON MY PLATE

14.4. COLLOCATIONS
Here are some useful words that are often associated with job.
If you apply for a job, you ask a company for a job.

Ive applied for six jobs in the last week and havent heard back from any of
them.

We were expecting a lot of people to apply for the job but not as many as
this

If you are out of a job, you do not have any work. If you are put out of a job, you
are made redundant.

Im out of a job at the moment but Im hopeful Ill get something soon.
My biggest fear is being put of my job. At my age, I would struggle to find
another one.

If you are sacked from your job, you lose it for disciplinary, not economic,
reasons.

He was sacked from his job for stealing.

I wouldnt employ somebody who had been sacked from a previous job.

If you create a job, you establish a new job which didnt previously exist.

Weve created ten new jobs in the Production Department.

I think we need to create a new job specifically to look after this project.

14.5. INTERESTING TITBITS

ARTICLE:
https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newCDV_73.htm

Making the Right Career Move

Choosing the Role That's Best for you
[] Key Points
Making a career move is a very important decision. It requires serious thought and
consideration. You can think long and hard and still not come up with a solution unless
you have a framework to use to help you make a decision.
Using the three distinct approaches outlined here job analysis, analysis of
satisfaction criteria, and emotional validation you can be confident in your decision.
Analyzing each element in this way forces you to consider the multidimensional criteria
that go into determining a great job fit. With a decision that is valid emotionally as well
as on paper, you can be confident that you've made the best possible choice.

Come up with sth: to suggest or think of an idea or plan.

Framework: A supporting structure around which something can be built

Outline: A description of the main facts about something
Job fit: Means how well your interests and abilities line up with the responsibilities and
activities of a particular position in a company.

15.1 TOO MANY PEOPLE?

VOCABULAR
Y

DAM

PICTURE

EXAMPLE
A wall built across a river that stops
the river's flow and collects the water,
especially to make a reservoir (= an
artificial lake) that provides water for
an area.

The Aswan High Dam is on the

River Nile in Egypt.

To cause to fill or become covered

with water, especially in a way that
causes problems
FLOODS

The whole town flooded when

the river burst its banks.

A dangerous part of a river that flows

very fast because it is steep and
sometimes narrow:
RAPIDS

RESERVOIR

RIVER

They shot (= travelled through)

the rapids in a canoe.

A place for storing liquid, especially a

natural or artificial lake providing
water for a city or other area

A natural wide flow of freshwater

across the land into the sea, a lake,
or another river

We sailed slowly down the

river.

POND

An area of water smaller than a lake,

often artificially made.

A large area of water surrounded by

land and not connected to the sea
except by rivers or streams:
LAKE

STREAM

We used to go boating on that lake.

Water that flows naturally along a

fixed route formed by a channel cut
into rock or ground, usually at ground
level.

There's a bubbling stream that

flows through their property.

15.2 COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUN

In English grammar, countable nouns are individual people, animals, places, things, or
ideas which can be counted. Uncountable nouns are not individual objects, so they
cannot be counted. Here, well take a look at countable and uncountable nouns and
provide both countable noun examples and uncountable noun examples. Although the
concept may seem challenging, youll soon discover that these two different noun types
are very easy to use.

15.3 COLLOCATIONS:
Make Time For: To create time in a busy schedule.

I need to make time for regular exercise maybe I can go to the gym before
work.

Save Time: Something that is efficient and gives you extra time

Shopping online saves me time because I dont have to wait in line at the store.

Free/Spare Time: Time in which you have no obligations, and you can do whatever
you want.

In my free time, I enjoy reading, painting, and cooking.

Have Time: Be available to do something.

Id like to take violin lessons, but I dont have enough time.

Kill Time / Pass The Time: Do something to make the time pass faster while youre
waiting for something else.

Lets bring some magazines to help pass the time on the train ride.

Take Your Time: You can use as much time as you want, you dont have to go fast.

I like all of these computers. Im not sure which one I want to buy yet.
Thats OK take your time.

Have A Hard/Rough Time: Something difficult, or a difficult period in life.

Im having a hard time solving this math problem. Could you help me?

Its About Time: An expression that means Finally!

Its about time they fixed the air conditioner in my classroom! Its been broken
for three years!

Pressed For Time: In a rush, in a hurry (when you need to do something and you
dont have enough time)

Sorry, I cant talk at the moment Im a bit pressed for time. Can I call you back
later?

15.4 IDIOMS

IDIOM

TO BEAT
AROUND THE
BUSH

EVERYTHING IS
COMING UP
ROSES

BARKING UP
THE WRONG
TREE

AS FRESH AS
DAISY

SHAKING LIKE A
LEAF

MEANING

EXAMPLE

We don't have to beat the

bushes to get good photographs they mostly come to us from
photographers we know.

Life is wonderful. Everything is

coming up roses.

wrong
for

He had nothing to do with the

robbery - the cops are really
barking up the wrong tree this
time.

to be full of energy and

enthusiasm

After a good night's sleep I'll be as

fresh as a daisy.

To shake a lot because

you are nervous or
frightened (usually in
continuous tenses)

I saw her just before her talk and

she was shaking like a leaf.

To search everywhere for

someone or something

Everything is really
just excellent. Life is
prosperous.

Believing the
explanation
something

UNIT 16: EAT TO LIVE

1. VOCABULARY:
Recording:
My mother always makes us traditional Japanese food. For breakfast we have
soup, rice and fish. Im conscious of healthy eating and I eat a lot of vegetables, but I
dont worry about my weight.
For lunch Ill have a sandwich a mixture of tuna and tomato paste on non-fat
bread. I always ask the waiter to miss out the cream or cheese.

Article: How sound and color influence the taste of food

Previously it was thought that the sense of taste and smell were the only human
sense that played a role in experiencing flavours.
He found that by changing a drink from yellow to a deep red, it is possible to make it
taste up to 12 per cent sweeter than it really is. He said: This color has strong
associations with very ripe fruit

2.

COLLOCATIONS:
MEANING
If food or drink goes off, it is not good to
eat or drink any more because it is too
old.
Being in a state of putrefaction or decay;
decomposed.
FRUIT AND VEGETABLES
Become unfit for consumption or use.

It contains a large amount of oil, butter,

eggs or cream.

EXAMPLE
This bacon smells a bit funny do you
think its gone off?
When I opened the fridge, I realised the
milk had gone off.
The last apple in the bowl had to be
thrown away because it was rotten.
When I opened the pack of meat, I
realised from the smell that it had gone
bad.
Silvios on a diet-he has to give up all
rich foods for a month.

Difficult to cut or eat.

A weak drink contains a lot of water
compared to its other contents, so that it
does not have a strong flavour.
Describe food or a food flavour that is not
very strong.
Completely developed and ready to be
collected or eaten.

The meat that the local supermarket

sells is often tough.
The coffee in the caf was a bit weak.
I cant stand weak coffee.
I like curry, as long as it taste quite
mild.
I always buy yellow lemons because I
know they are ripe.
This tastes like canned I much prefer

Preserved and sold in a metal container.

soup that is freshly made.

3. IDIOMS : FOOD WORDS

a) AS COOL AS A CUCUMBER: Very calm or very calmly, especially when this is
surprising.
She walked in as cool as a cucumber, as if nothing had happened.
b) BRING HOME THE BACON: To earn money for a family to live on.
I cant sit around all day someones got to bring home the bacon.
c) ITS NO USE CRYING OVER SPILT MILK: To emphasize that it is not useful
feeling sorry about something that has already happened.

It's no use crying over spilled milk - he's spent all the money, and
there's nothing you can do about it.

d) SPILL THE BEANS : To tell people secret information

So who spilled the beans about her affair with David?
e) THE APPLE OF (SOMEONES) EYE : The person who someone loves most
and is very proud of

His youngest daughter was the apple of his eye.

UNIT 17: COLLECTORS AND CREATORS:

1. VOCABULARY
a) COLLECTOR: Someone who collects objects because they are
interesting or beautiful.
The painting was bought by a private collector.
b) COLLECTION: A group of object of the same type that have been
collected by one person or in one place.
A collection of Japanese vases.
c) DELIGHTFUL: adjective. Very pleasant, attractive, or enjoyable.
There are many delightful walks in the area.
d) DELIGHT: noun. A feeling of great pleasure and satisfaction.

The kids were screaming with delight.

To the delight of his proud parents, he has made a full recovery.

e) ELEGANT: adjective. Stylish or attractive in appearance or behavior.

You can dine in elegant surroundings.
f) ELEGANCE: noun.
The style and elegance of the designs.
g) EXCEPTIONAL: adjective. Extremely good. syn: outstanding

An exceptional student.

COLLOCATIONS:

EXCEPTIONAL talent/ ability/skill

He showed exceptional talent even as a youngest.

EXCEPTIONAL quality
This is a wine of exceptional quality.

EXCEPTIONAL bravery/courage
Fire crews showed exceptional courage.

Quite EXCEPTIONAL : very exceptional

The level of effort involved is really quite exceptional.

Truly EXCEPTIONAL : really or extremely exceptional

The film features a truly exceptional cast, including Oscar
winner Denzel Washington.

The most EXCEPTIONAL : The best

George Best was one of the most exceptional footballers
of all time.

h) EXCEPTION: noun. Something or someone that is not included in a

general statement or does not follow a rule o pattern.
Its been cold, but todays an exception.
i)

MASSIVE: adjective. Very big.

For my friend, whose massive collection currently stands
at 3 456 bottles.

j)

MASS: noun. Large amount.

The forest is a mass of colour in autumn.

k) REMARKABLE: adjective. Very unusual or noticeable in a way that

you admire.
She has made a remarkable progress.
His drawings are remarkable for their accuracy.
COLLOCATIONS:
REMARKABLE feat / achievement / accomplishment

Its a remarkable achievement for the Company.

l)

REMARK: noun. Something that you say when you express an opinion
or say what you have noticed.

Unfortunately, a local journalist overheard the remark.

m) SUBSTANTIAL: adjective. Large in amount. syn: considerable

We have the support of a substantial number of parents.
n) SUBSTANCE: noun. Importance. syn: significance
It was an entertaining speech, but it lacked substance
Recording (CD2 Track 13)
.Here are those cards I bought for you in Oxford, to add to your collection. I
hope you dont think theyre too tatty, they must be at least fifty years old.

Tatty: old and in bad condition.

.Oh, so youre looking for cards from certain period? Well, I collect all sort.
Ive got handful of beautiful wooden ones from India and some very unusual
African ones carved out of bone.

Handful: an amount of something that can be held in one hand.

2. COLLOCATIONS:

EXCEPTIONAL challenge / memory

ELEGANT woman

DELIGHTFUL painting

MASSIVE scale/ amount

REMARKABLE memory

SUBSTANTIAL amount

3. PHRASAL VERBS:
LOOK
a) LOOK AFTER SB/STH: To take care of or be in charge of someone or
something.

One person looks after the stores' brand image and another looks
after the advertising.

b) LOOK AT STH: EXAMINE. If someone, usually an expert, looks at something,

they examine it.

Did you get the doctor to look at your knee?

c) LOOK FOR SB/STH: To try to find someone or something.

We are looking for a partner in a new business venture.
d) LOOK INTO STH: To examine the facts about a problem or situation.
Ill look into the reasons for the decision.
e) THE LOOK OF: The appearance of someone or something.
They liked the look of the hotel, but it was too expensive.
I dont like the look of that fence.
f)

LOOK OUT: Something you say when someone is in danger.

Look out! Theres a car coming!

g) BE ON THE LOOKOUT: To search for something or someone.

I'm always on the lookout for interesting new recipes.
h) LOOK FORWARD TO: To feel pleased and excited about something that is
going to happen.
Im really looking forward to my holiday.

i)

She was looking forward to seeing the grandchildren again.

MADE OUT: To deal with a situation, usually in a successful way.

There was a fantastic art teacher at school who made earrings and
bracelets out of cooper.

4. IDIOMS RELATED TO HOBBIES

a) BE AN AVID (SPORT FAN): Extremely eager or interested.
An avid football fan
An avid supporter of the arts.
b) BE (A HISTORY) BUFF: A person who knows a lot about and is very
interested in a particular subject.
A computer / opera / film buff
c) BE A SOCIAL BUTTERFLY: a very sociable person who flits from one
social event to another.

My mum is a social butterfly. She usually invites her friends to have

dinner and spends hours talking to them.

d) BE A PARTY ANIMAL: Someone who enjoys parties and party activities

very much and goes to as many as possible.

Sarah's a real party animal - she likes to dance all night.

e) BE A HOMEBODY: A person who prefers pleasures and activities that

center around the home; stay- at-home.
I broke up with Anna because she was a homebody and I really like
going out from time to time.

UNIT 18: WHATS IN A BOOK?

1. VOCABULARY:
a) Biography: The story of a persons life written by another person.
b) Documentary: A film or television programme that gives facts about a real
situation or real people.
c) Extract: A particular part of a book, poem, etc. that is chosen so that it can be
used in a discussion, article.

They published an extract from his autobiography.

d) Meaningful: Useful, serious or important.

She seems to find it difficult to form meaningful relationships.

STANDSTILL

STUFFY

ARRAY
SPOT

SUMMON

TEXT: THE HUNGRY TIDE

MEANING
EXAMPLES
A situation in which there is The runaway bus eventually
not movement or activity at all. came to standstill when it rolled
into a muddy field.
A room or a building is The bedroom gets a little stuffy in
unpleasant because it has no the summer.
fresh air.
To arrange a group of things A large number of magazines
in a particular way.
were arrayed on the stand.
See or notice someone or The police spotted him driving a
something, usually because stolen car.
you are looking hard.
To order someone to come to General Rattigan summoned
or be present at a particular reinforcements to help resist the
place, or to officially arrange a attack.
meeting of people.

EARTHENWARE
CHAI

MANOEUVRE

JOLT

TRICKLE
SCALD
SELF SATISFIED
TILD

TRICK

WING

WANGLE

Made of quite rough clay,

often shaped with the hands.
A type of drink, made
originally in India, consisting
of tea made with spices and
usually with milk and sugar
added.
A movement or set of
movements needing skill and
care.
To cause something or
someone to move suddenly
and violently.
A small amount of liquid that is
flowing slowly in a thin line.
To burn the skin with boiling
liquid or steam.
Very pleased with yourself
and showing no criticism of
yourself
A sloping position or a move
in a particular direction,
especially up or down.
An action that is intended to
deceive, either as a way of
cheating someone, or as a
joke or form or entertainment.
To perform or speak without
having prepared what you are
going to do or say.
To succeed in getting or doing
something by persuading
someone or by being clever in
some way.

Earthenware mugs/bowls.
Enjoy a chai latte-our blend of
black tea with aromatic spices
made with steamed milk and
honey.
Reversing round a corner is one
of the manoeuvres you are
required to perform in a driving
test.
The train stopped unexpectedly
and we were jolted forwards.
A trickle of melted butter made its
way down his chin.
I dropped a pan of boiling water
and scalded my leg.
She was very smug and selfsatisfied about getting the
promotion.
She wore her hat at a tilt.

She played a really nasty trick on

me; she put syrup in my
shampoo bottle!
I didnt have time to prepare for
the talk, so I just had to wing it.
Ill be so jealous if you manage to
wangle an invitation to his house.

2. PHRASAL VERBS:
COME
a) COME ACROSS: To find something by chance.

He came across some old love letters.

Have you ever come across such a horrible person in all your life?

b) COME OUT: If a book, record, film, etc. comes out, it becomes available for
people to buy or see.

When does their new album come out?

When his book came out he found himself splashed all over the press.

c) COME UP WITH: To suggest or think of an idea or plan.

He's come up with a new way to use up cold chicken.

Gavin came up with the idea of dividing the rooms in half.

GO
a) GO AHEAD: To start to do something.

Weve received permission to go ahead with the music festival in

spite of opposition from local residents.

I got

so fed up with waiting for

him

to do

it

that

just

went ahead and did it myself.

b) GO BY: If time goes by , it passes
As the cars went by, we cheered them on.
She caught a glimpse of Jhon as the runners were going by.

c) GO OFF STH/SB: To stop liking or being interested in someone or

something.

I went off beefburgers after I got food poisoning from a takeaway.

I went off Peter when he said those dreadful things about Clare.

d) GO THROUGH: To experience a difficult or unpleasant situation.

She's gone through a lot in order to achieve what she has.

He went through a difficult spell when he lost his job.

e) GO UP: To become higher in level.

The curtain went up on another performance.

The area has recently become very fashionable and house prices
are going up.

3. IDIOMS with the word book

a) BE AN OPEN BOOK : If someone is
is easy to know what they are thinking and feeling.

an open book,

it

Her life is an open book.

She is an open book to me.

b) BE IN SBs GOOD/BAD BOOKS: If you are in someone's good/

bad books, they are pleased/ not pleased with you.

He's in Melanie's bad books because he arrived two hours late.

I cleaned the bathroom yesterday so I'm in Mum's good books.

c) HAVE YOUR NOSE IN A BOOK: To be reading.

She always has her nose in a book.
d) DO EVERYTHING BY THE BOOK: to do something exactly as
the rules tell you
This is a private deal , we don't have to do everything by the book.

e) CANT JUDGE THE BOOK BY ITS COVER : said to show that you
cant know what something or someone is like by looking only at
that person or thing's appearance.
I suppose you cant judge the books by its cover. You must know him
more.

19.
19.1.

AN APPLE A DAY
VOCABULARY

WORD
Homeopathy (noun)

Osteopathy (noun)
Reflexology (noun)
Acupuncture (noun)
Bandage (noun)
Elastoplast (noun)
Symptom (noun)
Stitch
Graze (verb)
Bug (noun)
19.2.

MEANING
A system of treating diseases in which sick people are given
very small amounts of natural substances that, in healthy
people, would produce the same effects as the diseases
produce
The treatment of injuries to bones and muscles using pressure
and movement
A treatment in which your feet are rubbed and pressed in a
special way in order to improve blood flow and help you relax
A treatment for pain or illness in which thin needles are
positioned just under the surface of the skin at special points
around the body
A long piece of soft cloth that you tie around an injured part of
the body.
A common type of plaster (= a small piece of sticky material to
cover and protect a cut in the skin.
A physical feeling or problem which shows that you have a
particular illness
(Usually plural) a length of special thread used to join the edges
of a deep cut in the flesh.
To injure your skin by rubbing it against something rough.
A bacteria or virus, or the illness that it causes

PHRASAL VERBS

WORD

MEANING

Pass out

Faint/ to become unconscious

Tidy up

To make a place look tidy

EXAMPLE
I nearly passed out when I saw
all the blood.
Its time we tidied up the office.

19.3. IDIOMS
On the tip of someones tongue.- If something that you want to say is on the
tip of your tongue, you think you know it and that you will be able to remember it
very soon.
I have her name on the tip of my tongue I cant believe I cant remember
To give someone a piece of someones mind. - To speak very angrily to
someone because they have done something wrong.

Im not going to stand by and see how Felipe treats his assistant. Hes so nasty.
Its time I gave him a piece of my mind.
To turn a hair. - Not to seem at all surprised or shocked.
The manager didnt turn a hair when he was told the results were discouraging
as he was expecting bad news.
To have someones heart in someones mouth.- If someone's heart is in their
mouth, they feel extremely nervous.
I couldnt help having my heart in my mouth when we climbed the mountain.
It was terrifying.
To pull someones leg. - To tell someone something that is not true, as a joke.
I dont like when people pull my leg because I dont have much of a sense of
humour.
19.4.

COLLOCATIONS

WORD

MEANING

On offer

At a cheaper price than usual

On purpose

Intentionally

On average

Usually, or based on an average

On condition
that

Only if

On behalf of

Representing: instead of

On balance
On duty

20.

Used to give your opinion after you have

considered all the facts about something
If a doctor, police officer, etc, is on duty,
they are working, and if they are off
duty, they are not working

NO PLACE TO HIDE

20.1. VOCABULARY

EXAMPLE
I always try to buy things which
are on offer in the shops.
I didnt break the vase on
purpose.
I go to the gym on average two or
three times a week.
Ill do more exercise on condition
that I can watch more TV in the
evening.
I had to accept the prize on
behalf of my brother because he
was ill at the time.
On balance I prefer running to
cycling.
Id hate a job as a nurse or police
officer where I had to be on duty
at weekends.

CRIME
Accusation
Arson
Blackmail
Bribery
Burglary
Counterfeiting
Crime
Fraud
Hacking
Hijacking
Kidnapping
Killing
Mugging
Murder
Offence

PERSON
Accused
Arsonist
Blackmailer
Burglar
Counterfeiter
Criminal
Fraudster
Hacker
Hijacker
Kidnapper
Killer
Mugger
Murderer
Offender

VERB
Accuse
Commit arson/star a fire
Blackmail
Bribe
Burgle
Counterfeit
Commit a crime
Defraud
Hack into a computer
Hijack
Kidnap
Kill
Mug
Murder
Commit an offence

Pickpocketing
Prison/imprisonment
Prostitution
Rape
Robbery
Shoplifting
Smuggling
Stalking
Suspicion
Tax evasion
Theft
Vandalism

Pickpocket
Prisoner
Prostitute
Rapist
Robber
Shoplifter
Smuggler
Stalker
Suspect
Tax evader
Thief
Vandal

Pickpockets
imprison
Prostitute
Rape
Rob
Shoplift
Smuggle
Stalk
Suspect
Evade tax
Steal
Vandalise

Others:
WORD
Fine

MEANING
A sum of money you have to pay if
you break a law (V: fine sb)

EXAMPLE
A person who is guilty may be
fined a sum of money

Innocent

If you are innocent, you have done

nothing wrong. (OPP: guilty)

Prove sth

Give evidence to show that sth is

true (n: proof)
The lawyers who try to prove that
the accused person has no
commited the crime (V: defend sb)
The lawyers who try to prove that
the accused person has committed
a crime. (v: prosecute sb)
An examination of evidence in court
to decide if sb has done sth illegal
Ask questions and listen to evidence
in court to decide if sb has done sth
illegal
Tell someone who is guilty what they
will have to do (n: sentence)

The defence aims to prove

that
the
defendant
is
innocent
The defence must prove that
the accused is innocent
The defence aims to prove
that the defendant is innocent

The defence

The prosecution

Trial
Try sb

Sentence sb

The prosecution has to

show that the accused
committed the crime
A trial takes place in court
The accused is tried by the
judge and jury
He may
sentence

get

prison

20.2. PHRASAL VERBS

Check (sth/sb) out: to get more information about sth or sb, especially so that you
can find out if they are suitable or good, or whether what you have been told about
them is true. (SIN: investigate)
Ill be checking out some website links on high-protein diets for you too.
The police checked out all the statements

Cut (sth) out: to stop eating or drinking something, usually to improve your health.
(SIN: eliminate)
I've cut out red meat from my diet.

Draw up: to prepare a contract something in writing, esp. plans or a formal

document. (SIN: draught, prepare)
The lawyers drew up a contract over the weekend.
If I were you, Id draw up a fitness programme.

Get away with sth: to succeed in doing something bad or wrong without being
punished or criticized.
He shouldn't treat you like that. Don't let him get away with it.

Get away with murder: (informal) to be allowed to do things that other people
would be punished or criticized for.
These are people with money and influence, so they can get away with murder

Give up: to stop smoking, drinking, etc because you think it is bad or unhealthy.
(SIN: stop)
Davids drug habit is slowly killing him- Dr Ryan could help him give it up

Make off: to leave quickly, especially in order to scape (SIN: Take off, escape)
Detectives believe that the gunmen made off in the direction of the park

Make off with sth: to steal something:

Somebody broke into the shop and made off with several TVs and videos.

Put (sb) up: to let someone stay in your home for a short period. (SIN:
accommodate)
If you need somewhere to stay, we can put you up for the night.

Work out: If a problem or difficult situation works out, it gradually becomes better
Don't worry - everything will work out in the end.

Stick to: to continue doing or using something and not change to anything else.
You have to start a diet without delay and stick to it 100%

20.3 IDIOMS
Crime doesnt pay: said to emphasize that you believe criminals are always
punished for their crimes
Police arrests are being given maximum publicity as a reminder that crime doesnt
pay

Behind bars: to arrest someone and hold him or her in prison

They put Mikes uncle behind bars for robbing a liquor store!

To be a cat burglar: skillful thief who breaks into places without disturbing people or
setting off alarms.
He was know for being a cat burglar who only stole from apartments in high
buildings

To do a runner: to leave a place in order to avoid a difficult or unpleasant situation

or to avoid paying for something
They were arrested after doing a runner from an expensive restaurant.

20.4. COLLOCATIONS
Let sb off: (verb) to not punish someone who has done something wrong, or to not
punish them severely
I'll let you off this time, but don't ever lie to me again.
The judge let her off with (= only punished her with) a fine.

Keep in touch: stay in contact

My cousin Andrea kept in touch by sending packages from South America.

In fact/in actual fact/as a matter of fact: used to emphasize what is really true:
I was told there were some tickets left, but in actual fact they were sold out.
used when giving more information about something
"Is Isabel coming?" "Yes. As a matter of fact, she should be here soon."

In (good/bad/great) shape: To be prepared and ready to do something

All our bags are packed, and we dont have to leave for another hour so were in
good shape
She runs every day so she's in pretty good shape.

20.5. INTERESTING TITBITS

Expressions for writing

Be improving so that it can be applied to

Old techniques are constantly being improved so that they can be applied to
smaller and smaller traces of materials.

It takes the form of

The human body is composed of millions of microscopic cells which contain a
unique code. This code take the form of long strings of molecules called DNA, and
not two people have identical DNA unless they are identical twins.

Between you and me (Between you and I)

In standard English, its grammatically correct to say between you and me and
incorrect to say between you and I. The reason for this is that a preposition such as
between should be followed by an objective pronoun (such as me, him, her, and us)
rather than a subjective pronoun (such as I, he, she, and we). Saying between you
and I is grammatically equivalent to saying between him and she, or between we,
which are both clearly wrong.
Between you and me, I am the better shooter. Between you and her, she is the
leader. Between his home and her home, his was bigger. Between him and the
closet stood a lamp. Between you and it, you have more life.

Have a wider range of: have a variety of something

My report, which has been approved by the committee responsible, proposes that
the Commission should have a wider range of tools at its disposal.

Without delay: being fast, doing things within the reasonable time allowed by
custom, statute, or usage.
The report concluded with a strong expression of opinion as to the desirability of
investigating without delay the administration and organization of the Metropolitan
Police Force.

21.
21.1.

URBAN DECAY, SUBURBAN HELL

VOCABULARY

WORD
Suburb

MEANING
An area where people live outside the
centre of the city.

Urban

Belonging or relating to a town.

Property

A building or area of land.

Shortage

When there is not enough.

Regulation

An official rule that controls how

something is done.

Maintenance

The work that is done to keep

something in good condition.

Run-down

So tired that you do not feel well

Urban sprawl

Out-of-town

A very large area of buildings,

industries etc that has spread from a
city into the countryside surrounding it,
especially in a way that is not attractive
Built in the countryside outside a town
or city, but intended to be used by the
people who live in that town or city

High-rise

A high-rise building is very tall with

many floors or levels

Renew

To increase the life of or replace

something old

Rebuild

To build something again after it has

been damaged or destroyed

Reconsider

To think again about a decision in order

to decide whether you should change it

Regenerate

To develop something again, or to bring

it back to its original state

EXAMPLE
Wanstead is a suburb of
London.
People moved to the urban
areas for jobs.
He owns several residential
properties in London and
New York.
Refugees are facing serious
food and fuel shortages.
Smoke detectors must be
installed to comply with fire
regulations.
It is was necessary to pay
for the maintenance
repairs.
Evie had been working too
hard and was feeling rundown.
We drove through several
miles of urban sprawl.

Out-of-town shopping
The first high-rise buildings
were constructed in the
United States.
He failed to renew his
contract, which expired last
month.
Following extensive fire
damage, the timber-framed
buildings have now been
fully rebuilt in their original
style.
Anyone who has left the city
for the suburbs should
reconsider their move,
particularly in the light of
how far rents have fallen in
the centre.
The old industrial city of
Duisburg has been

If a process reopens, or if someone

reopens it, it begins again after a pause

Reopen

Repay

Repossess

Rewrite

To give someone money that you have

borrowed from them
To take back something that someone
had promised to pay you for over a
period of time because they are unable
to continue paying you for it
To make changes to a piece of writing
in order to make it better

In the absence
of

Without someone or something.

Without

Used for saying what someone or

something does not have

Given a lack of

Without someone or something.

21.2.

regenerated and now has

new, cleaner industries right
in its centre, alongside
schools and housing.
The city councils
reopening of the enquiry
into noise pollution has
been supported by local
residents.
When do you think you will
be able to repay us?
Theyve even had their new
house repossessed
Its much easier to rewrite
your work on the computer.
In the absence of any
shops, consumers would
have to adopt a different
lifestyle.
Without a police force,
crime rates would increase
dramatically.
Given a lack of public
transport, bicycle shops
might do substantially more
business.

PHRASAL VERBS

WORD

MEANING

Come about

To happen, especially by chance

EXAMPLE
1960s architecture came
about because of
government policy.

21.3. IDIOMS
Meet you Waterloo. - To be defeated by someone who is too strong for you or
by a problem that is too difficult for you.
Sarah thought it was going to be an easy task, but she met her Waterloo and
couldnt complete it.
Carry coals to Newcastle. - To do something unnecessary; to do something
that is redundant or duplicative.
Importing potatoes to Peru is like carrying coals to Newcastle.
Rome wasnt built in a day. - Something that you say which means that it
takes a long time to do an important job.
I know the first results arent very good but you need to be patient Rome
wasnt built in a day.

 All roads lead to Rome anyway. - There are many different routes to the same
goal.
We can do it your way or my way all roads lead to Rome anyway.
A Himalayan blunder. - A Himalayan blunder is a very serious mistake or error.
Leaving her husband for another man was certainly a Himalayan blunder. She
is very regretful now.
21.4.

COLLOCATIONS

WORD WITH UP

MEANING

Uprooted

Made to leave

Upheld

Supported

Upkeep

Maintenance

Upmarket

Expensive

Upside

Advantage

Buildings:
High-rise blocks
Property value
Construction work
Services:
Rubbish collection
Road maintenance
Street lighting
21.5.

EXAMPLE
50,000 refugees had been
uprooted and were seeking
shelter elsewhere
The Home Secretarys
decision was upheld by the
House of Lords.
Landlords are responsible for
the upkeep of the property.
Upmarket
shops/restaurants/hotels
The upside is, I dont have
to go back there again
Lesiure facilities:
Art gallery
Shopping mall
Community centre
Transport:
Traffic jam
Congestion charge
Residents parking

INTERESTING BITS

Useful phrases for speaking

To involve someone in the discussion:
Would you say that this is true in your case?
I believe your own view is slightly different
What do you think?
To encourage someone to be quiet:
You clearly know a lot about this, but lets move on
Come on, youre taking rubbish
Im going to say something here
To support what someone is saying:
Well, I have to admit you have a point
Absolutely, I couldnt agree more

22.

A WORLD OF MUSIC

22.1.

VOCABULARY

INSTRUMENT
Violin
Piano
Drums
Saxophone
Trumpet
Flute

MUSICIAN
Violinist
Pianist
Drummer
Saxophonist
Trumpeter
Flautist

Others
WORD
Line-up (noun)

Big name (noun)

Up-and-coming (adj.)
Musician

Choir

Festival

Show

Rehearsal
Venue

MEANING
A group of people, especially
performers, who have agreed
to be involved in an event.
A famous person or group,
especially a musician, actor,
etc.
Likely to become successful
or popular.
Someone who plays a
musical instrument, especially
very well or as a job.
A group of people who sing
together for other people to
listen to.
An occasion when there are
performances of many films,
plays, pieces of music etc,
usually happening in the
same place every year.
A performance for the public,
especially one that includes
singing, dancing, or jokes.
A time when all the people in
a play, concert etc practice
before a public performance.
A place where an organized
meeting, concert etc takes

EXAMPLE
The line-up included top
bands Prodigy and
Radiohead
Poor attendance at the
concert was put down to
the lack of big names.
Up-and-coming young
artists
A talented young
musician
He joined a church choir
at the age of eight

The Swansea Festival of

Music and the Arts

Theyve come to town to

see a Broadway show.
A rehearsal for Romeo
and Juliet
The first thing to do is
book a venue.

place.
Competitive

As good as or better than

other prices, services, etc.

Fortune

A lot of money
Something that is on sale for
less than its real value
Something that you buy or the
act of buying something

Bargain
Purchase
Economical

Not using a lot of money

Savings

The money that you keep in

an account

Budget

Not expensive
The money that you spend on
something
A type of product made by a
particular company
All the goods that are
available in a shop

Expense
Brand
Stock

22.2.

Some US industries are

not as competitive as
they have been in the
past.
He made a fortune
selling property in Spain.
That second- hand table
was a real bargain.
She paid for her
purchases and left.
A small car is more
economical to run.
Buying a house had
taken all their savings.
Travelers on a budget
might prefer to camp.
Rent is our biggest
expense.
What brand of detergent
do you use?
We have a huge stock of
quality carpets on sale.

PHRASAL VERBS

WORD

MEANING

Dream up

Invent something/ have an idea

Keep up to

To inform someone of all the most

recent news and changes in a situation

Take away from

To reduce the positive effects or

success of sth

Join in

(To become part of)To do an activity

with people who are already doing it

To act on/ upon

To obey/ follow

To miss out

To not have the chance to do something

that you enjoy and that would be good
for you.

EXAMPLE
They dreamed up the
scheme for the
improvements and it was
accepted by the board
Even though I cant get to
many gigs, I manage to
keep up to date by
watching YouTube.
A few hooligans couldnt
take away from the teams
success
She laughed and Tom
joined in
She is acting on/ upon the
advice of her lawyers
Some children miss out
because their parents cant
afford to pay for schools
trips.

22.3. IDIOMS
To be as fit as a fiddle.- To be in excellent form or health
My sister is as fit as a fiddle because she always eats vegetables and goes to
the gym every morning.

 To change someones tune.- To change someones opinion completely

I was disappointed because John changed his tune when the client started
taking about how much money we are going to get.
Music to someones ears.- News that someone is pleased to hear
Finding out about Teresas pregnancy was music to my ears. Shes been
trying for ages!
To face the music.- To accept a mistake an deal with it
Alex had to accept his mistake and face the music.
To ring a bell.- To seem familiar
His name rings a bell, but I cant remember where we met
22.4. COLLOCATIONS
WORD

MEANING

To take place

To happen

To make an
impression

To make other people notice and

admire you

To cross the
boundaries of

To cross the limits

EXAMPLE
The Olympics take place
every four years
Its a performance thats
sure to make an
impression on the judges.
Gershwins ability to write
original works cross the
boundaries of jazz, opera
and classical music.

Food
Luxury/ low-cost brands of
Competitive prices
Study materials
In/ out of stock
On a tight budget
Souvenirs
(Not) cost a fortune
Hunt for bargains
22.5. INTERESTING BITS
Go from strength to strength. - To gradually become more successful.
The firm's gone from strength to strength since the new factory was built.
On the edge of something. - Nearly in a particular state or condition.
There is a supermarket on the edge of town.

23.

UNEXPECTED EVENTS

23.1. VOCABULARY

DISASTER

MEANING

EXAMPLE

An extreme weather condition with very

strong wind, heavy rain, and often
thunder and lightning
Storm
NOUN
/st(r)m/

A lot of trees were blown down in the

recent storms
They're still cleaning up the storm
damage

The sudden loud noise that comes from

the sky especially during a storm
a roll of thunder (=a series of noises)
Thunder
NOUN

a clap of thunder (=a single very loud

noise)

/nd(r)/

I couldn't hear what he was saying

over the thunder of the waterfall.

A bright light that appears for a very

short time
Flash
NOUN/VERB

[COUNT]

to shine brightly and suddenly, or to

make something shine in this way

The lightning flashed and distant

thunder rolled.

/fl/

You'd better slow down, that car was

flashing its lights at you.

Lightning
NOUN
[UNCOUNT]
/latn/

A flash of bright light in the sky during a

storm that is produced by electricity
moving between clouds or from clouds
to the ground
Be struck by lightning (=be hit by
lightning):
That tree was struck by lightning.

Stranded
ADJ

Unable to leave somewhere because of

a problem such as not having any
transport or bad weather

He left me stranded in town with no car

and no money for a bus.

/strndd/

If the tide comes in, we'll be stranded

on these rocks
Torrential rain
ADJ

Torrential rain falls fast in large

amounts

/tren()l/

Peak

The top of a mountain--snow-covered

peaks

NOUN
[COUNT]
/pik/

Ash
NOUN
[COUNT/
UNCOUN]
//

An eruption
NOUN
[COUNT/
UNCOUNT] /
rp()n/

Gas

It is one of the most difficult peaks to

climb.

The grey powder that remains after

something has burned---cigarette ash

All that remained of the fire was a pile

of ashes.
An eruption is an explosion of steam
and lava from a volcano.

The eruption destroyed, many houses

A substance such as air that is neither a
solid nor a liquid

NOUN
[COUNT/
UNCOUNT]

Regulations to cut the emissions of

gases such as carbon dioxide
They detected high levels of radon gas

in the building.
/s/

A very narrow space between parts of

something, it appears on its surface,
but it does not break into pieces.

Crack

Cracks had appeared in the dry

ground.

VERB
[TRANSITIVE]
/krk/

We peered through the crack in the

floorboards.

Tremble

Her bottom lip trembled, and tears

welled up in her eyes

VERB
[INTRANSITIVE]

To shake slightly, usually

because you are cold,
Tremble with: She was trembling with
frightened, or very
anger.
emotional
Tremble violently/uncontrollably: Her
knees were trembling violently
beneath her skirt.

/tremb()l/

Shake
VERB
[INTRANSITIVE]

To make lots of quick

small movements up
and down, or side to
side

Houses shook as a bomb exploded in

the neighbourhood

/ek/

Others:
WORD
Melt
Verb
/melt/

Flooding
Noum [ U ]
/fld./

Spurt

MEANING

EXAMPLE
To turn from something solid into
something soft or liquid
The snow usually melts by mid March.
Melt the chocolate slowly so that it doesn't
burn.

A situation in which an
area is covered with Some roads have been closed because of
water, especially from
flooding
rain
To (cause to) flow out
Blood was spurting out all over the place

Verb [ I or T ]
/spt/

Thickens
Verb [ I or T ]
/k.n/

suddenly and with force, His arm was spurting blood where the
in a fast stream
vein had been severed.
To (cause to) become Thicken the sauce with a little flour.
thicker:
The smoke thickened rapidly.

Typhoon
Noun [ C ]
/tafun/

Ablaze

Burning very strongly

Adj [ after
verb ] /blez/

A violent wind that has a circular

movement, found in the West Pacific
Ocean:
The 169,000-ton vessel went down during
a typhoon in the South China Sea.
The house was ablaze, and the flames
and smoke could be seen for miles
around.

23.2. PHRASAL VERBS WITH OFF

PHRASAL
VERBS

MEANING
To end a relationship or a
discussion.

EXAMPLES

Theyve broken
engagement

off

their

Break off an engagement (=end

an agreement to get married)

The governments have broken

off diplomatic relations

[TRANSITIVE] Break it off (=to end a romantic

relationship)

Ive decided to break it off with

her.

To suddenly stop speaking or

doing something

She broke off in the middle of a

sentence.
Tomorrow's match has been
called off because of the icy
weather.

Break off

Call off
[TRANSITIVE]

Cut off

To decide that a planned event

will not happen, or to end an
activity because it is no longer
useful or posible.

To stop the supply of something,

or to stop something working.

The police have called off the

search for the missing child until
dawn tomorrow

Francesca cut me off while I

was in the middle of speaking.

[TRANSITIVE]
Go off
[INTRANS.]

To explode, or to be fired.

Fireworks were going off all

The bomb went off at midday.

Let off
[TRANSITIVE]

Log off

To not punish someone who has

committed a crime or to not
punish them severely (Let
someone off lightly)

To stop using a computer system

or program by giving a particular
instruction

[INTRANS.]

Send off
Set off

Instead of a prison sentence

they were let off with a fine.
They let her off lightly because
shes only sixteen.
The program lets you shut
down, restart, or log off
Windows at specific times and
dates.

To post something to someone.

I went to the post office and

sent off a package to my friend.

To start a journey, or to start

going in a particular direction.

We'll have to set off very early

to avoid the rush-hour traffic.

To behave in a way that is

intended to attract attention or
admiration, and that other
people often find annoying

She bought that car to show off

she could afford one.

[INTRANS.]

Show off

Take off
[TRANSITIVE]

Tell off

He sat on the bed to take his

To
remove
something, boots off.
especially a piece of clothing.
Id better take my shoes off.
To criticize someone angrily for
doing something wrong.

[INTRANS.]

Tell off for doing something:

The teacher told me off for
talking again today.

[TRANSITIVE]
INFORMAL

Wear off

He's always showing off to his

classmates

Be/get told off: Im going to get

told off for being late.
If something such as a pain, an
emotion, or a feeling wears off, it
gradually disappears.

The numbness in his shoulder

was starting to wear off.

MEANING
If something comes out, it
becomes known publicly after it

EXAMPLE
After her death, it came out that
she'd lied about her age.

I got bored with the job once the

novelty wore off.

Others:
VERB
Come out

has been kept secret

Lie down

Shoot out

To move into a position in which

your body is flat, usually in order
to sleep or rest
If opposing groups or people
armed with guns shoot it out, they
shoot at each other until one of
the groups or people is dead or
defeated.
To flow or fall out of a container:

Spill out

When the truth came out, there

was public outrage.
He lay down on the bed and
tried to relax.
The rock was shooting out
from the cliff.

All the shopping had spilled out

of my bag.
The contents of the truck spilled
out across the road.

23.3 IDIOMS

IDIOM

Sth is
(blowing)
in the
wind/ The
wind
blows

(Every
cloud
has) a
silver
lining

In/ At the
eye of the
storm

Chase
rainbows

IMAGEN

MEANING

EXAMPLE

We didnt know exactly what

was going on, but by the end
of may, we know that there
were some changes blowing
in the wind.

I think, Ill see which way the

wind is blowing before I
vote at the board meeting.

I lost my job last week, but

every cloud has a silver
lining and now I have time to
visit my family in Australia.

Dont be sad, every cloud

has a silver lining

To be involved in the
middle of a difficult
situation that many
people are shocked,
angry or aguing about
(often
used
in
newspaper, tv)

Serranos photograph put him

in the eye of the storm

Tending to look for

something exciting and
rewarding but without
realistic expectations

He wanted to go into show

business, but friends told him
to quiet chasing rainbows

Used to say that a plan

or idea is likely to
happen or be used but
its not definite yet.

Used to say that a

difficult or unpleasant
situation has some
good things about it, or
may have a good result

To
look
angry

Have a
face like
thunder

extremely

She suddenly came into the

room with a face like
thunder.

23.4. COLLOCATIONS

And so on: together with other similar things

schools, colleges, and so on

23.5. INTERESTING TITBITS

WORD
RELATED

Lightning

Ashes
[PLURAL]

IDIOM OR
PHRASE

Lightning never
strikes twice (in
the same place)

MEANING

IMAGE

Jill: I'm scared to drive

Used for saying that Alan:
Don't
worry.
something bad or Lightning never strikes the
unusual is not likely same place twice.
to happen again in
It's strange, but I feel safer
the same place or since my apartment was
to the same person
robbed; I figure lightning
never strikes the same
place twice.

The substance that His ashes are to be scattered

remains after a at sea.
persons body has
been
cremated
(=burned
after
death)

Top Ten Natural Disasters: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kg-6whkbZXs

24.

ANYTHING FOR A LAUGH

24.1. VOCABULARY
WORD
BASEMENT

CASHPOINT (N)
SYN: Cash
dispenser
COMEDIAN (N)

DISGUISE (N,V)
SYN: Alter
appearenace

EARNINGS (N)
SYN: Income

MEANING
EXAMPLE
A part of a building consisting
of rooms that are partly or Our kitchenware department is in
completely below the level of
the basement.
the ground
A machine, you can get
money from using a plastic
card.

He had already started to eat when

he reached the cashpoint

Someone who entertains He started

people by telling jokes.
comedian.

as

stand-up

She wore dark glasses in an

absurd attempt at disguise.
Something that you wear to
change your appearance and
hide who you are, or the act Maybe
you
could
disguise
of wearing this
yourself as a waiter and sneak in
there.
Money that you get from
working
The businesswoman declares his
earning to the tax authorities
every year

LANDLORD/
LANDLADY (N)
SYN: Owner

Someone who you rent a After rachel paid her monthly rent
room o house from.
to her landlord she barely had
enough left to buy.

MIRTH (N)
SYN: Laughter

Amusement and joy.

SHOO STH/SB
AWAY (V)

To make an animal or a child She shooed the cat away.

go away, especially because
they are annoying you.

SLAPSTICK (N)
SYN:
Unsophisticated
physical humour

He could not contain his mirth and

burst out laughing

Humorous acting in which the Their lastest film is full of one-liners

performers fall over, throw
and slapstick.
things at each other.

RUSH OFF (V)

SYN: Hurry

To move
very quickly, All the guests rushed off to the
especially because you need
hospital to have their stomachs
to be somewhere very soon.
pumped.

TRIMMINGS (N)
SYN:
Accompaniments

Food that is served with all She

gets
a
quarterpounder
the trimmings is enjoyable
(burger) with all the trimmings
because it is served with lots
of extra types of food.

TUCK INTO (V)

To put something into a small The cat was tucking into the fish.
space, especially in order to
protect, hide, carry or hold it.

Others:

TYPES OF LAUGHING
Belly laugh

A burst of deep loud hearty laughter

Bray

Laugh loudly and harshly

Break up

Laugh unrestrainedly

Giggle

A foolish or nervous laugh

Chortle / chuckle

A soft partly suppressed laugh

24.2. PHRASAL VERBS

PHRASAL
VERB
Catch up
on sth

Clean up

MEANING

EXAMPLE

To do sth that you didnt do earlier.

SYN: some sleep

I suggest you try and catch up on

some sleep.

To give someone the latest news

or information about something

To remove dirt from something or

make something neat

Can someone catch me up on the

latest developments?
We need to clean up this mess and
then get out of there.
I have to clean things up before
the guests arrive.

Come up
Come up
with

End up

Face up to

Fell down
Get sth
over with
Hang
around
(with sb)
Keep up
with
Key (sth) in
Live up to
sth
Looking
forward to
(-ing)
Make for

Make
sth/sb out

Make up for
sth
Move out
Open up
Pick up
sth/pick sth

A young girl came up to me and

asked for money.
To suggest or think of an idea or She's come up with some amazing
plan
scheme to double her income.
They're travelling across europe by
To finally be in a particular place or train and are planning to end up in
moscow.
situation
After working her way around the
world, she ended up teaching
english as a foreign language.
She's going to have to face up to
To accept that a difficult situation
the fact that he's not going to marry
exists
her.
Our apple tree fell down in the
To fall to the ground
storm.
He stumbled and fell down.
Do or finish an unpleasant but I cant wait to get the interview over
necessary piece of work.
with.
To move towards someone

Spend time (with somebody)

The people I used to hang around

with were much older than me

To continue to be informed about

something
key sth into sth: to put
information into a computer,
phone, or other machine using a
keyboard or touchscreen

To be as good as something

To feel pleased and excited about

something that is going to happen

Hes never made an effort to keep

up with current events.
I keyed the number in, but nothing
happened.
I gave my name and she keyed it
into her computer.
The concert was brilliant - it lived
up to all our expectations.
I'm really looking forward to my
holiday.
She was looking forward to seeing
the grandchildren again.

To move towards a place.

Syn: head for

I think its time we made for home

To see, hear or understand sth or The olympics can make sporting
heroes out of previously littlesb with difficulty.
known athletes.
To deal with a situation, usually in

a successful way
To reduce the bad effect of sth, or

to make sth bad become sth good.

Syn: compensate

To stop living in a particular home

To start to talk more about yourself
and your feelings
To learn a new skill or language by
practicing it rather than being

The business made out better than

expected and profits were slightly
up.
I hope paying your bill has made up
for your ordeal.
Her landlord has given her a week
to move out.
I've never opened up to anyone like
I do to you.
I picked up a few words of Greek
when I was there last year.

up
Pull sth
apart
Put sth
back
Put down

taught it
SYN: improve
To destroy something by tearing it

into pieces
To return an object to where it was
before it was moved

An unkind remark that makes

someone seem silly

Put off sb/

put sb off

To make someone dislike sth or

someone, or discourage someone
from doing sth.
Syn: delay, procrastinate

Put out
sth/put sth
out

Stop burning
Syn:extinguish

Put up with
sb/sth
Shoo
(sth/sb)
away
Start out
Stay out
Steal away
Take off sth
/ take sth
off
Take out
Talk sb into
sth

Tuck
into/tuck in

Turn sth off

Turn out

To raise something to a higher

position
To accept unpleasant behavior or
situation, although you dont like it
SYN:tolerate
Said to animals or children to
make them go away

To begin your life, or the part of

your life when you work, in a

particular way SYN: begin career
To not come home at night, or to
go home late

(Leave discreetly, escape)

To spend time away from your

work
Syn: not work
To remove
something
from
somewhere
To persuade someone to do
something

To start eating something eagerly

The match has been put off until

tomorrow because of bad weather

The rescue services are still to put

out the fires

To attach something, esp. To a wall

Put up

Will you put the books back when

you've finished with them?
One of the big put-downs of the
presidential election campaign was
the comment that he was "no jack
kennedy".

We put up some new pictures in the

living room.
I put my hands up.
She put up with his violent temper
"shoo!" she shouted at the cat.
She shooed the cat away
The leaves start out a pale green,
and later get darker
Our cat usually stays out at night.
My mum won't let me stay out late.
The burglar stole away from the
back of the house before anyone
saw him.
I rang my boss and arranged to take
some time off
They had to take out two of his
teeth.
He's against the idea, but i think i
can talk him into it.
Judging by the way they tucked
into their dinner, they must have
been very hungry.
There's plenty of food, so please
tuck in
Her cat was tucking into the fish

To move the switch on a machine,

How do you turn the computer off?
light, etc. So that it stops working
To be known or discovered finally The truth turned out to be stranger

than we had expected.

It turns out that she had known him
when they were children.
I get up, shower, go to school, go
home, sleep, wake up, and do it all
Wake up
To cause someone to stop
over again.
sleeping
If you cry you'll wake your brother
up.
All their customer information was
Wipe sth off To remove
something
from wiped off the computer by a virus.
sth
something
$8 billion has been wiped off share
prices worldwide.
To understand sth or to find the
answer to sth by thinking about it
Un negotiations have worked out a
Syn: solve
Work out
set of compromise proposals
sth/work
sth out
Committee members met today to
To agree to or arrange something,
work out a compromise.
esp. After discussion
and surprisingly

Others:
PHRASAL
VERB

MEANING
To continue doing something
SYN: continue

Carry on

Come
down

Go out

Puch in

EXAMPLE

He carried on smoking

To behave in an uncontrolled, The

children
have
excited, or anxious (= worried and
carrying on all day.
nervous) way

been

A lot of trees came down in the

storm.
To fall and land on the ground

Our plane came down in a

field.
Do you want to go out for a
drink after work?
To leave a room or building,
especially in order to do
something for entertainment She goes out partying with her
friends every weekend.
To punt information into a computer He punched in his numbers
by pressing buttons or keys.
and waited for the cash to

Put sth in

Shave off

come out.
To fix a large piece of equipment or
I've just had central heating/a
system into a room or building,
new kitchen put in.
ready to be used
To remove hair by shaving.
SYN: cut
The singer Jessie J shaved of
all her hair
Shave

sth

off

to reduce something
the stated amount

sth: The new high speed trains will

shave 25 minutes of the
by
journey time.

24.3 IDIOMS

IDIOM

Put a
sock in it

You drink
like a fish

Have Van
Goghs
ear for
music

When
pigs fly

IMAGEN

MEANING
Used
angrily
to
tell
someone to be quiet or
stop talking, making so
much noise, or complaining
about something

Drink (frequently)
too
much alcohol (a lot of
beer, wine, etc)

Someone
who
cant
understand the differences
between musical tones

Refer to something that is

highly unlikely to ever
happen.

EXAMPLE

Mom, Tina keeps saying I

smell. If you two dont put a
sock in it, I going to stop the
car

Put a sock in it! Some of us

are trying to work around
here

Jeff really drank like a fish at

the party on Saturday

Im worried about Nancy, she

drinks like a fish

Her singing is so bad she has

Van Goghs ear for music.

This is a classic lbum. If you

cant make sense of it then
you have Van Goghs ear for
music

A: I might wake up early

tomorrow to clean my room.
B: Yes, youll do that when

pigs fly.

The lights
are on,
but
nobodys
home

Used to say that someone

is stupid or slightly crazy.
Have a brain, but not
using it

Did you ever speak to

someone and you realize the
lights are on, but nobody is
home.

I was talking to this guy on

the bus, but the lights were
on but nobody was home.

24.4. COLLOCATIONS

Have a bad/good influence on

He has to change because of complaints that his fire act might have a bad influence
on children.

Laughing at/about:
I didnt know what I was doing she said, soughing at the memory

Making fun of: ridicule

The comedian tried to make fun of the man wearing glasses.

Withdraw money

Gaps of admiration

Writhing around: Squirm, struggle

She found his cat writhing around on the floor

The basement car park:

The car was parked in the basement car park

Toss money: throw lightly money

The couple tossed all their money at him

Scruffy suit: untidy suit.

The young lad in a rather scruffy suit was smoking in a forbidden place

Wad of cash:
He found a wad of cash in the rubbish

24.5. INTERESTING TITBITS

Someone
(always)
the fun.
A party
pooper

who
ruins

Somebody often
tries to reduce
the interest or
enthusiasm
of
others.

All of us wanted to have a summer

barbecue at the beach this weekend,
but when we mentioned our idea to
Cindy, she immediately started to
complain about how hot the sun was
and how much trouble it would be for
us to carry the food. She is such a
party pooper!