part of

speech
in
english

noun

adjecti
verb adverb ve

NOUNS
Absract nouns
Words that name things that are not concrete. Your five physical
senses cannot detect an abstract noun you cant see it, smell it,
.taste it, hear it, or touch it

Example: Love, Courage, Desire, joy, excitement,

Cowardic, Uncertainty

Id like thefreedomto travel all over the

.world

Countable and
Uncountable Nouns

countable nouns are individual people,

animals, places, things, or ideas which
can be counted
countable How manycandlesare on
?thatbirthday cake
Uncountable nouns are not individual
.objects, so they cannot be counted
uncountab Please take good care of
.yourequipment
le

Compound Nouns
Compound nouns are words for people, animals, places, things, or ideas,
.made up of two or more words

Compound nouns can be

:made with two nouns
.Lets just wait at thisbus stop

Compound nouns can be made

with a noun and a prepositional
:phrase
.Mymother-in-lawis the kindest person I know

Compound nouns can be made

:with a verb and a noun
Be sure to add bleach to thewashing machine

Compound nouns can be made

:with an adjective and a noun
Lets watch thefull mooncome up over the
.mountain

Collective Nouns

Collective nouns are

words for single things
that are made up of
more than one person,
animal, place, thing, or
.ideax

herd/
/jury/team/army
family/
group/audience/
class/counsil

Singular and Plural Nouns

plural
nouns

singular
nouns

Plural nouns are words used to

indicate that there is more
than one person, animal,
. place, thing, or idea
I cant believe you allow
yourdogsto climb all over
theseatswhile you are
.driving
singular noun is a noun that refers
to only one person, one place, one
.thing, or one idea
There is one lamp on my bookcase
.and one chair at my desk

VERB
Action verbs:
Action Verbs are verbs that express action.
Ex: run, walk, do, and drive.
Ill do my homework when I get home.

Transitive Verbs
:Transitive verbs always receive a direct object
Richard annoys his boss so much that hell never get a promotion.

Intransitive Verbs
Intransitive verbs do not need a direct object in order to complete their meaning.
If Cathy continues to be late for work, the boss will fire her.
Come/ explode /laugh /sit /rise excel /respond /run /cough /swim /emigrate /smile /act /cry
/immigrate /lie /arrive /continue /die /g

Auxiliary verbs
Does Sam write all his own reports?
The secretaries haven't written all the letters yet.

Stative verbs
Ali feels rotten today. He has a bad cold

Modal verbs

He can speak Chinese.

She should be here by 9:00.

Phrasal verbs.
Example:
I ran into my teacher at the movies last night. run + into = meet
He ran away when he was 15. run + away = leave home

Irregular verbs
Go/ Get/ Say/ See/ Think/ Make/ Take/ Come/ Know

ADJECTIVE
what is adjective

Adjectives are
words that
describe or
modify other
.words

Dry/ Fast/
Excited/
Comfortable/
Busy/ Active

ADVERB
.

Willfully-Abruptly-Endlessly-Firmly-Delightfully-Quickly-Lightly-EternallyDelicately-Wearily-Sorrowfully-Beautifully-Truthfully

CONJUNCTION
Until

Becau
se

Howev
er

But

sinc
e
Yet
And

For

ARTICLE

A
An
The

PREPOSITIONS

DETERMINERS
I
Me
My
Min
e

Their
Theirs

We
Us
Our
Ours

She/H
er
Hers

He
Him
His

Ours

They

You
your
your
s

It/ its

MOST COMMON
SUFFIXES
Key words
,Writer, painter, worker, shopper, teacher
,Actor, operator, sailor, supervisor
Employer/employee, sender/addressee,
payee
pencil-sharpener, bottle-opener, grater,
projector
Buddhism, journalism, Marxist
Typist, physicist, terrorist, pianist,
violinist, cellist
Complication, pollution, reduction,
alteration, donation, promotion, admission
Goodness, readiness, forgetfulness,
,happiness, sadness, weakness
Excitement, enjoyment, replacement
Flexibility, productivity, scarcity
Childhood, motherhood
Friendship, partnership, membership

Meaning
A person who does an activity

Suffix
er/or-

A person who receives or

experiences the actions
Things which do a particular job

eeer/or-

An activity or ideology
A profession

ismist-

Helps recognize nouns (action or

process)

ion/-(t)sion/ion
ness-

Help recognize nouns (state of,

condition of)
Helps recognize nouns (act,
process)
Helps recognize nouns (state of)
Helps recognize nouns
Helps recognize nouns (status)

mentityhoodship-

Common adjective Suffixes

Key words
Drinkable, washable, readable, forgivable,
edible, flexible

Meaning
Can be done

Passive, productive, active

Useless, harmless, homeless
Thirtyish, reddish, eightish
Forgetful, hopeful, useful
Brutal, legal, refusal, ariival
Linguistic

having the nature of

without
having the quality of
notable for
pertaining to
having linguistic characteristics
of

Suffix
able/ibl
e
ivelessishfulalic-

Delicious, outrageous, furious

possessing the joyous qualities of

ous,-eous,
-ious

Common Verb Suffixes

Key words
,Modernise, commercialise, idustrialise
Beautify, purify, terrify
Shorten

Meaning
Forms verbs from adjectives
Forms verbs
Forms verbs

Suffix
ise/izeifyen-

MOST COMMON
PREFIXES
Key words
Immature, impatient, impartial,
improbable
Irreplaceable, irreversible, illegal,
illegible, illiterate
Internal, import, insert, income
Disagree, disapprove, disbelieve,
disconnect, discredit, dislike, dismount,
disprove, disqualify, unbend, undo,
undress, unfold, unload, unlock, unveil,
unwrap, unzip, uncomfortable,
dissimilar, unjust, disloyal
Anti-war, antisocial, antibiotic
Autograph, auto-pilot, autobiography
Bicycle, bilateral, biannual, bilingual
Ex-wife, ex-smoker, ex-boss
Extract, exhale, excommunicate
Micro-cassette, microwave, microscopic
Misunderstand, mistranslate, misinform

Meaning
Becomes im before a root
beginning with (m) or (p)
Become ir before a word
begging with (r) and il before
a wor begging with (l)
Gives the idea of inside or into
Form the opposites the action
of the verb

Against
Of or by oneself
Two, twice
Former
Out of
Small
Badly/ wrongly

Prefixes
imir/il-

inun/dis--

antiautobiexexmicromis-

Monotonous, monologue, monogamous

Multi-national, multi-purpose, multimedia
Overdo, overtired, oversleep, overeat
Postwar, postgraduate, post-impressionist
Preconceived, pre-war, pre-judge
Pro-government, pro-revolutionary
Pseudo-scientific, pseudo-intellectual
Retype, reread, replace, rewind
Semicircular, semi-final, subdivision
Subway, submarine, subdivision
Underworked, underused, undercooked

One/ single
Many
Too much
After
Before
In favour of
False
Again or back
Half
Under
Not enough

monomultioverpostprepropseudoresemisubunder-

Turn

ROOTS
Advertiser
Advertising
Advertiseme
(p)
(adj)
nt (n)
Describe or draw attention to
Look
attention

Advert
Change
beliefs

Conve

Divert
Rever
ted

Deported
Deportee
(adj)
(p)
Deportation
(n)
Expel from a

Deport
Buys in,
Held sells
up out

Import
Support
s
ed

VERT

Went
back

Introductory
(adj)
Introduction
(n)

Introducer (p)

Bring a subject

Transp
Introd
ort

Makes

Produ
ces

Carry

Send
Led
across

Conduc

Take

POR

Educat

Lead

DUC,DUCT

Went to school

Put into
face

Composition
(n)

Impos

Composite
(adj)

Composer
(p) Changed
Put
the
tooff
a later
Write , Depo
throne
date
Comp
create

,Place
Postpo
put
POSE,PONE

ned

Oppressio
n (n)

Oppressive
(adj)

Oppressor
(p)

Keep (someone) in subjection and hardship

Puts her
thought
into
words

Oppress
Express

Depress
Impress

Press

PRESS

Makes me
feel
miserable
Full of
admirati
on and
respect


Inspection(

Inspecting
(adj)

Inspector
(p)

Look at

Search

Prosp

See
Inspe
Loo ct
SPE
k

Resp
Suspec

Had a
Look
up
feeling
to

DESCRIBING PEOPLE:
APPEARANCE

Straight
hair
thin-faced
long, wavy

Round-faced

Curly hair

Dark-skinned

Crew-cut

bald

Freckles
Beard

Moustache

Chubby

Receding hair

Wrinkles

Grey hair
Blonde hair

Fair hair

Dark hair
Ginger-haired

Auburn

Plump/stout/obese/
Fat/overweight
Slim/skinny

Stocky

Well-built/muscular

Anorexic

Smart/elegant
Well-dressed

Scruffy

Untidylooking/messylooking
Good-looking

Unattractive

Beautiful/handsom
e

DESCRIBING
PEOPLE:
CHARACTER
:INTELLECTUAL

ABILITY

-1

Ability: intelligent, bright, clever, smart, shrewd, able, gifted, talented,

.brainy

Lacking ability: stupid, foolish, half-witted, simple, silly, brainless, daft,

.dumb

Attitudes towards life

Looking on either the
bright or the black
side of the things:
optimistic,
pessimistic.
Outward looking or inward looking: extroverted, introverted.
Calm or not calm with regard to attitude to life: relaxed, tense.
Practical, not dreamy in approach to life: sensible, down-toearth.
Feeling things very intensely: sensitive.

Attitude toward other people

Enjoying other company:
Sociable: someone who is sociable is friendly and enjoys
:being with other people [ unsociable]
Gregarious: friendly and preferring to be with other people
:Disagreeing with others
Quarrelsome: someone who is quarrelsome quarrels a lot
with people [= argumentative]
Argumentative: disagreeing with other

:Taking pleasure in other's pain

Cruel: Willfully causing pain or suffering to others, or
feeling no concern about it
Sadistic: enjoying making other people suffer

:Relaxed in attitude to self and others

easy-going: not easily upset, annoyed, or worried

even-tempered: someone who is even-tempered is calm

and does not easily become angry[= placid]
relaxed and seeming not to be worried :(spoken: laid-back)
about anything

:Not polite to other

:Impolite: not polite [= rude]
Rude: speaking or behaving in a way that is not polite and is
likely to offend or annoy
Ill-mannered: not polite and behaving badly in social
situations [ well-mannered]
not polite, and not showing :(Written: discourteous)
respect for other people [= rude, impolite]

:Telling the truth to others

Honest: tells the truth and does not cheat or
steal [ dishonest]
Trustworthy: can be trusted and depended
on [= dependable]
Reliable: someone or something that is reliable can be
trusted or depended on
Sincere: someone who is sincere is honest and says what
they really feel or believe [ insincere]

if others
what one
does not
One Unhappy
person's
meat have
is another
person's
:have oneself
:poison
Jealous: feeling angry and unhappy because someone
has something that you wish you had

Positive

Negative

Determined
Obstinate-stubborn-pigEnvious:
wanting something
that someone else
headed
Thrifty-economical
Stingy-mean-tight-fitted
Self-assured-confident
Arrogant-self-important
Unconventional-original
Peculiar-weird-odd-eccentric
Frank-direct-open
Blunt-abrupt-curt-brusque
Broad-minded
Unprincipled-permissive
Enquiring
Inquisitive-nosy
Generous
Extravagant
Innocent
Nave
ambitions
Pushy

RELATIONSHIPS
Liking and not
liking someone

Core verb

Positive

Like
Worship

Live-adore
Idolise

Negative

Dislike-hate
Cant standloathe
Look up toLook down onadmire
despise
Be attracted to- Repel-leave
Phrases and idioms for re
fancy
someone cold

Respect
Attract

Get on well: have a good relationship

Dont see eye to eye: often argue/disagree
Fall out with: had arguments
Broken up/split up: ended their relationship
Have an affair with: a sexual relationship, usually secret
Elders: adults/parents, etc
To make it up: be friends again after a row
My junior/her senior: refers to position/length of service
at work

EDUCATION
.Stages in a person's education
mostly play with some
early learning

pre-school

play school/
group
nursery school

basic reading, writing,

.arithmetic, art, etc
wide range of subjects
in arts and sciences
and technical areas
degrees/diplomas in
specialised academic
areas

primary
Secondary

further/hig
her (18+)

infant school
junior school
comprehensive
school/ grammar
school
college or
university

Exams and qualifications

Take/do/sit an exam
Resit an exam: take it again because you did badly first
time
Pass: get the minimum grade or more
Do well in: (get a high grade) an exam
Fail: (you do not get the minimum grade)
Do badly in: (you fail, or don't do as well as expected as
well as you wanted) an exam
Revise: to study a subject again before you take a test
Skip classes/lectures: to not do something that you usually
do
The school-leaving exams: In Jordan, this called "tawjehi"
continuous assessment: the system in which the quality of a
student's work is judged by various pieces of work during a
course and not by one final exam
Grades: e.g. A, B+
Graduate: get a degree
Post-graduate course: a student who already has
one degree

Talking about education:

Lectures: large classes listening to the teacher and taking

notes
Seminars: 10-20 students actively taking part in
discussion etc.
Tutorials: one student or a small group, working closely
with a teacher
A professor: is a senior university academic who is a wellknown specialist in his/her subject.

WORK
Director

member of the board of a

company

executive

important person who makes big

decisions

administrator

person who runs the office dayto-day

clerk

ordinary office worker

skilled worker

trained to do specific tasks, e.g.

building a computer

unskilled worker

doing a job that needs no

training

labourer

does hard, physical work

receptionist

visitors must check in with them

public relations officer

gives information to the press,

TV, etc. about the company

safety officer

makes sure machines, etc. are

not dangerous to use

security officer

makes sure thieves/criminals

cannot enter

union representative

looks after the staff's interests

economist

expert in financial matters

personnel officer

takes care of administration for

new and existing employees

sales assistant

sells goods to the public

education officer

organises training, classes, etc.

for employees

research-worker

Investigates and develops new

products

Supervisor

makes sure workers are doing

their job properly

SOME PROFESSIONS
Lawyer

Dentist

Hairdresser

Mechanic

Architect

Priest

Farmer

Vet

Librarian

Physiotherapist

Child-minder

Police officer

Accountant

Engineer

Scientist

Chef

Firefighter

Civil servant

Tailor/dressmaker

Designer

Builder

Carpenter

Plumber

Collocation of words connected with work

Get/find work
Offered work /a job in Paris
It's hard to make a living: earn enough money to live
comfortably she's not prepared to take on that job:
suggests having personal responsibility
To do shift-work or to work shifts: nights one week,

Hour
s of
work
s

days the next week

To be on flexi-time: flexible working hours
To work nine-to-five: regular day work

To go/be on strike: industrial dispute

To get the sack: thrown out of your job
To be fired: more formal than 'get the sack',
Often used as a direct address: "You're fired!"

To be made redundant : thrown out, no longer needed

To be laid off: more informal than 'made redundant
To give up work: e.g. in order to study
To be on / take maternity (woman) or paternity (man)
leave:

Not
workin
g

Before/after the birth of a baby

To be on / take sick leave: illness
To take early retirement: retire at 55

Other useful
expressions

To be a workaholic: love work too much

To be promoted: get a higher position
To apply for a job: fill in forms, etc.

HEALTH AND
MEDICINE
?hat are your symptoms

Pain
Earache
Cold
in side

Rash on Chest
pain
Stomach

Indigestion
Painful
joints

Leg
hurts
Dizzy
Depressed
Nose
itches

Breathless
Sore
throat

Tired
Sickness
all the
and
diarrhoea
time

Feel sick

Blister

Sunburn

Black eye

Got
temperature

Bruise on leg

Lumpvoice
on arm
Lost

Spots

Shivery

Lost

Constipate

?What do doctor do

The take your temperature

Listen to your chest

Loon in your ears
Examine you
Take your blood pressure
Ask you some questions before
sending you to the hospital

What's the
?diagnosis
:You've got

Flu
Chickenpox
Mumps
Pneumonia
Rheumatism
An ulcer
Virus
Bug
:You've
Broken your wrist and sprained
Dislocated your ankle
:You're
Pregnant
Hypochondriac
:He died of
Lung cancer
Heart attack
Brain hemorrhage

?What does the doctor prescribe

Take one tablet three times a after meals

Take a teaspoonful of medicine last thing at night

Rub this ointment on you and dont spend long time in the

sun without sun cream

Put a bandage on your wrist

Have some injections

Fit you in for operation

You'll have to have your leg put in plaster until the break

mends

I think you should have total bed rest for a week

Pleasant and unpleasant

feelings
Happiness and unhappiness

Ecstatic

Content

Cheerful

Delighted

Miserable

Discontented

fed-up

Depressed

Frustrated

Confused

Excitement, anger and anxiety

Anxious
Apprehensive
Cross
Enthusiastic
Excited

Furious

Inspired

Nervous

Thrilled

Upset about

Worried about

:Education

Fatimah's schooling in the US

Fatimah started her education in the state of Illinois in the United States when she
was in elementary school. It was over her head in the beginning, considering that she
was not born there and English was not her first language. She had to hit the book
and take all the basic classes that any primary school student would take, except that
.hers were ESL classes
She reached middle school and she was fluent in English by that time, she even
forgot many words of her native language in junior high school students would take
the same basic classes, math, literacy, physical Education Social studies, and of
course science. In secondary school, she had to buckle down in her program of study
which was pre-medicine. She had to take a certain amount of credits to graduate
.from high-school

Being a smart girl, she took honors and AP classes. AP or advanced Placement are
classes that offered to students who have an excellent GPA and can be used as a
college credit in the future. At the end of school year, students had to take an AP
exam, which tells the officials whether the student will get the credit for it in college or
no. other than classes, high school students in the United States had to take the SAT
or the ACT on their junior year to get admitted to the college that they wish to be
enrolled at. The SAT is for the students who wish to complete their schooling outside
of their home state, while the ACT of the American College Testing is mandatory for
most high schools in the state of Illinois. The first semester of the student's senior
year is spent applying and searching for colleges. Many assemblies and counselors
meetings are being held to teach the students on how to do to start applying, what is
required from them to do to get into the college that they wish to get accepted in and
how slacking off or skipping classes could affect your grades. Many colleges and
universities require recommendation letters or feedback from their high school
.teachers and specific research on a specific prompt
By the month of April in the school year, most students have already got an answer
from the college that they applied to. The rest of the school year is spent taking AP
exams, finishing their credits, and sending their transcripts. In the summer, students
take the placement test and get their classes and schedules done for the upcoming
school year. Fatimah chose to go to a two year community college instead of going
straight to university to save up money. In the US, some students choose to either go
to a four year college(university) or a community college. Community colleges are
.clearly cheaper as mentioned above and universities are very expensive
In the first two years of college, students will start taking general education lectures
that will get them ready for their major. It does not necessarily have to be two years
because as mentioned before, students might of have taken AP classes. Fatimah is
now an undergraduate student. She's taking her general education classes and is
planning on transferring to four year college very soon to start doing her discipline in
science and Pre-Medicine

Work:
My perfect ideal job
Most people have ideal jobs. Some people like public relations jobs or maybe
marketing and sales, but many unlucky people who didnt continue their education
cant work in these fields, so they look for unskilled jobs. And for sure, there are those
loyal people who tell you that they will definitely work for the government as civil
servants, but what I like differ than the others.
The other day a friend of me asked me what am I going to work to make a living in
the future, and I told her that I wish I could be a professional sport instructor for

lesmills; "an international new Zealand company that is the world's largest provider
of choreographed exercise-to-music group fitness classes distributed to health clubs."
Its my ideal career. Since sport is my hobby, talent and habit I would like training
teams various skills such as karate, taekwondo and weight-lifting.
Regardless that this job has a good profit and suitable work-shift , I love it. The
company requires some certifications in the courses they offer and for sure it requires
high-fitness workaholic and team players who work cheerfully and love their jobs,
also they have to be English native speakers.
Lesmills offers better promotions than other companies. In addition, I have been
training since 3 years, so I'm able now to apply for the job, but I'm not sure if I'm
going to be able to balance my budget and become independent especially that I'm
still studying and I need to get high undergraduate degree.
But usually the problem is in the people who dont like their jobs. They try to escape
from their jobs so they always take on personal leaves, or sometimes the company
goes under so the personnel get laid off from their jobs.

Why Do People Get Sick When the Seasons

Change?
People seem to come down with a cold or the flu when the seasons change. But
these dramatic temperature changes aren't the direct cause of these illnesses,
experts say. Rather, the temperature shifts permit a different group of viruses to
flourish, and it's these viruses that make people sick, said Dr. Benjamin Kaplan, an
internal-medicine physician at Orlando Health in Florida. "Many studies show that
rhinovirus and corona virus are the two main agents of the common cold," Kaplan
told Live Science. "Interestingly, they flourish in cooler weather, such as what we
have in spring and fall." [Is It Safe to Hold in a Sneeze?] Likewise, the influenza
virus replicates and spreads most effectively when the air is cold and dry; "hence,
people [tend to] get the flu in the wintertime," he said. Summer illnesses arise from a
combination of several factors. People with seasonal allergies often feel congested
and develop runny noses and itchy eyes when they're near pollen, mold or grass.
Their immune systems may go into overdrive as they react to these allergies,
leaving them more vulnerable to viral contagions, Kaplan said. However, these
summer infections are usually milder than those caught in other seasons, he said.
Sometimes, people may mistake their allergies for a cold, Kaplan added. "In fact, it is
said that the term 'hay fever' actually comes from the time when farmers would be
collecting the hay at the end of summer and became 'sick with fever,'" he said. "But
really, they were just suffering from severe exposure to allergens from the fields."
[Sniffle Detective: 5 Ways to Tell Colds from Allergies] To avoid getting sick, it's

best to follow this commonsense advice: "Practice good hand washing, get plenty of
exercise, eat healthy and make sure to get at least 6 to 8 hours of restorative sleep [a
night]," Kaplan said. Also, don't be hoodwinked by flashy cures. Over-the-counter
supplements including Echinacea, vitamin C and zinc are not significantly
.effective in preventing or curing colds, according to scientific studies, Kaplan said

World problem: Collocation

Erput
spread
starve
break
out
explode
sweep
alleviat
e
eradicat
e

valcano

famine, epidemic,
deforestation, drought, child
labor

famine, refugee,
drought, crop
earthquake, hurrcane/tornado,
thyphoon, ozone layer

volacno, refugee

flood,
hurricane/tornado
greenhouse effect,
casualty, wounded
the carbon effect footprint,
sexual exploitation

Watch this video

https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=Kg-6whkbZXs and write down any term that is related
.to natural disasters, global issues, or environment
Dangerous
Protection system
Lay in pieces

Miserly effect
Big waves
After tsunami burst

Volcano grown
high
Sound generation
Gas

Volcano active
place
Vivid color
Sun heat

Pick the bodies

Fire hill in the
earth
Strange disease

Lost life
Completely
destroyed
High ground

Wind speed
Costliest
Giving birth to
tsunami
Population
Eruption
Deep inside the
earth
Serious trouble
Migration
Global climate

Storm
Damage
More
powerful
Contract the
viruses
Black clouds
Massive fire
storm
Flee the city
Ice give
away
Revolutions

Destructions
Bomb
Earthquake hit

Tornado
Survivor
Well-prepared

Spreading
viruses
Rain of fire
Shakes the
city
High winds
Melt

Death toll
Blow
Ancient
population
Power of waves
Mega flood

Temperatures

Victims

Compound adjectives
Describe personal appearance

CurlyBlue-eyed
haired

RosyThinchecked
lipped
Opennecked

Broadshouldered
Lefthanded

Slimhipped

Longlegged

Tight-fitting
jeans

Open-toed
sandals

Flatfooted
Youngman

Describe a person's character

Absent-minded:

It

might

just

be

typical absent-minded
.behavior

Easy-going: Ali says teenagers have an easy going attitude

towards technology

Good-tempered: The baby is very good-tempered

Warm-hearted: She was a beautiful, warm-hearted person who
.never asked anything of anyone

Quick-witted:

I need a funny, quick-witted person who can hold

their own in social situations

Big-headed: I never argue with facts and I'm so big-headed that

.when I say I don't know, I really don't

Two-faced:

sure, your boss may be small-minded, two-faced,

.spineless, and technically inept

Self-centered: The only daughter of Sam and Kristine, Sarah is

.extremely lazy and self-centered
.Stuck-up: She seems to be the type of stuck-up

Compound adjectives has a preposition

All-out
Built-up
Well-off
Hard-up
Worn-out
Run-down

Other compound adjectives

long

curly

Straight

Air-conditional
Bullet-proof

red
Compound

noun
(1) noun + noun

Cut-price
Duty-free
Hand-made
Interest-free

Address book
Baby-sitter

Human being
Pen-name

Burglar alarm
Bus stop
Contact lens

Alarm clock
Answering
machine
Blood donor

Credit card

Book token

Brain drain
Sound barrier

Arms race
Labour force

Hair

Greenhouse
effect
Birth control
Food poisoning
Pocket money
Road works
Traffic lights

Welfare state
Income tax
Blood pressure
Hay fever
Human rights
Luxury goods

Last-minute

Science fiction
Tin opener
Pedestrian
Bank
Long-distance
crossing
accounts
Trademark
Earring
Tea-bagLong-standing
Heart attack

Off-peak
Windscreen

Package
holiday
Part-time
Windscreen
wiper
Steering
wheel
Remote-controlled
Youth hostel
Shoe horn
Generation gap
Death
Second-class
penalty
Mother-tongue
Global
So-called warming
Cotton wool
Air-traffic
Sugar-free
Junk food
Dataprocessing
Time-consuming
Computer
Mail order
technology
Top-secret Grass roots
Race relations
Sunglasses
Kitchen
World-famous
scissors

Compound noun
(2) verb +
preposition

First-hand
First-ticket
First-born

Words

Meanin
Words
meanin
gs
g
Walk-out Strike
Crack-down Action to
prevent
Shake-up Change Break-out
Escape
Takeover Purchase Break up
Collapse
by
another
compan
y
CheckCashOutlets
Places to
out
desk
sell
Turnover Money
Cutbacks
Reductio
saving
ns
through
a
compan
y

Words

Meanin
gs

Words

Meanin
gs

Output

Producti
on

Input

Dropout

Person
who
rejects

Turnover

Informati
on that is
put in
Change

Printout

Breakdo
wn

society
Paper in Fallout
which
compute
r info.
Has
been
printed
Failure
Breakthrou
gh

Drawbac Negative Outlook

k
aspect
Feedback Commen Outcome
ts
Lay-by
Parking Set-up
space at
the side
of a road
Outbreak Start of By-pass
somethi
ng
unpleasa
nt

Radioactive
dust in
the
atmosph
ere
Importan
t
discovery
Prospect
Conclusio
n
Start;
situation

Road
avoiding
the
centre of
a town

Kempinski Hotel Ishtar Dead Sea

trickling with contemporary

Style

Abdundance

of

Offering unchallenged views

privecy and
luxury

Custom-made
iture and dcor
- freshing dip
rivate area

furn
Re
P

The perfect harmony of

comfort, modern and
technology
Junior suites outdoor sitting
areas
Beautiful views