PH30030: Quantum Mechanics

Problems Sheet 4 Solutions

1. Ill leave this to you.

2. Start with H E1n 0 n = ank ( E0 n E0 k ) 0 k and close with 0m . Because m n the left
hand side gives 0 m

H 0 n . The right hand side gives

a (E
nk

0n

E0 k ) mk = anm ( E0 n E0 m ) .

Equating these gives the required result.

3. Equation (8) in the lecture notes is H 1n + H 0 2 n = E0 n 2 n + E1n 1n + E2 n 0 n . We write

1n = ank 0 k and 2 n = bnk 0 k and substitute these in to give

k

ank H 0k + bnk E0k 0k = E0n bnk 0k + E1n ank 0k + E2n 0n . Re-arranging this
k

gives

a ( H E )
nk

1n

+ bnk ( E0 k E0 n ) 0 k = E2 n 0 n . We now close with 0n . The

0k

second sum on the left hand side gives zero. In the first sum, the term with k = n gives zero,
because E1n = 0 n H 0 n . We therefore get E2 n = ank 0 n H 0 k . Combining this with the
k n

result of question 2 gives the required result.

4. In general, the first order correction is E1n = 0 n H 0 n . In this case, 0n is the 1s state of the
hydrogen atom, ie 0 n =

1
E1 = e
a03

5.

d d sin dr r
0

d sin cos =
0

1
exp( r / a0 ) . The perturbation is H = e r cos and so we get
a03

exp(2r / a0 ) r cos . The integral gives

1
d sin 2 = 0 . So, the first order correction is zero.
2 0

0 n here is the same as in question 4, and H is the given V (r ) . Following the hint, we just
need the value of the wavefunction at the origin, ie 0 n =
4 , so the first order correction becomes E1 =
RN

e 2 4
4 0 a03

1
. The and integrals give
a03
RN

r2
1
1
dr r 2 3 +
. Doing the
2 RN 2 RN r
2

r
r
r
7 2
e 2 14 RN
integrals gives
+

R
.
We
therefore
find
E
=

. To

N
1
3
30
4 0 a0 15 a0
10 RN 6 RN 2 0
e2
estimate the value of this, we note that
is 2 the energy of the 1s state (see problem 5
4 0 a0
5

on problems sheet 3), ie 27.2 eV. ( RN / a0 ) is of the order of 10 10 , so E1 is of the order of 109
eV.
6. Ill leave this one to you.

 and H12 = H 21
, the governing equation becomes
7. When H11 = H 22
( E0 + H11 ) E

H12

a1
H12
= 0 and the eigenvalues are E = E0 + H11 H12 . If we

( E0 + H11 ) E a2

H12 a1
H
substitute E = E0 + H11 + H12 into the governing equation we find 12
= 0 . The
H12 H12 a2
a 1 1
normalised eigenvector is therefore 1 =
and the perturbed eigenfunction is
2 1
a2
1
1
01 +
02 . If we substitute E = E0 + H11 H12 into the governing equation we find
2
2
H12 H12 a1
a 1 1
= 0 . The normalised eigenvector is therefore 1 =

and the
2 1
H12 H12 a2
a2
perturbed eigenfunction is

1
1
01
02 .
2
2

eB
eB 1 0
8. For a magnetic field in the z direction, we have H =
Sz =

. Given that
mc
2mc 0 1
1
0
1 0 1 eB
eB
01 = and 02 = , we find H11 =
. Similarly, we find
(1 0 )
=
2mc
0
1
0 1 0 2mc
1 0 0
1 0 0
eB
eB
eB
=
is also zero.
H 22
and H12 =
( 0 1)
(1 0 )
=
= 0 . H 21
2mc
2mc
2mc
0 1 1
0 1 1
eB
We therefore find that E = E0
, ie the energy level splits into two, with a spacing between
2mc
eB
the two spin states of
.
mc

0 11
eB
eB 0 1
eB
9. In this case we have H =
Sx =
(1 0 )

. We find H11 =
= 0 ,
2mc 1 0
mc
2mc
1 00
0 1 0
0 1 0 eB
eB
eB
=
H 22
,
( 0 1)
(1 0 )
= 0 , H12 =
=
2mc
2mc
1 0 1
1 0 1 2mc
0 1 1 eB
eB
eB
=
H 21
. The energy levels are again given by E = E0
.
( 0 1)
=
2mc
2mc
1 0 0 2mc