CERTIFICATE OF AUTHENTICITY

This is to certify that Aayushii, student of class 12, has

successfully completed the research project on the topic
Dyeing of wool, silk and cotton in malachite green, under the
guidance of Mrs.Venkatalaxami
This project is genuine and does not indulge in plagiarism of
any kind. References taken in making this project have been
declared at the end of the report.

Principal

Chemistry Teacher

External Examiner

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I feel proud to present my investigatory project in chemistry

on the topic Dyeing of cotton, wool and silk cloth in malachite
green, which aims at studying the effectiveness of the dye
on different types of materials, under different conditions.
This project would not have been feasible without the proper
and rigorous guidance of my chemistry teachers Mrs.
Venkatalaxami and Suresh sir
An investigatory project involves experiments that are very
critical and in case of failure may result in disastrous
consequences. Thereby I would like to thank Venkatalaxami
maam and the chemistry lab assistant Suresh sir for guiding
me on a step by step basis and ensuring that I completed my
experiments with ease.
I would also like to thank my parents and friends for their
suggestion and constructive criticism.

CONTENTS

1. Introduction
2. Aim
3. Requirements
4. Procedure
5. Observation
6. Conclusion
7. Samples
8. Bibliography

INTRODUCTION

Dyes are coloured substances which can adhere to the surface

of materials and are used to give colour to paper, food- stuffs
and various textiles such as cotton, wool, silk, synthetic fibres
etc.
The dyed fabrics appear to be coloured because a particular
dye absorbs radiations of specific wavelengths from the
visible region of electromagnetic radiations which fall on its
surface. The remaining radiations are reflected. The colour
observed is due to this reflected light.
Characteristics of a dye:
1. It must have a suitable colour.
2. It must be capable of being fixed to the material
3. When fixed it must be fast to detergents, soaps, water,
dry-cleaning solvents, light and dilute acids .

AIM
To dye wool, cotton and silk clothes with malachite
green.

REQUIREMENTS

500ml beakers,
tripod stand,
wire gauze,
glass rod,
spatula,
wool cloth, cotton cloth and silk cloth,
Sodium carbonate,
tannic acid,and
malachite green.

PROCEDURE
1. Preparation of sodium carbonate solution.
Take about 1g of solid sodium carbonate and dissolve it in 250 ml
of water.
2. Preparation of tannic acid solution.
Take 100 ml of water in a beaker and add about 1.0g of tannic
acid to it. Heat the solution. On heating a clear solution of tannic
acid is obtained.
3. Preparation of dye solution.
Take about 0.2g of malachite green dye and add to it 400 ml of
water.
4. Dyeing of cotton.
Cotton does not absorb malachite green readily; therefore it
requires the use of a mordant. For dyeing a cotton cloth dip it in
sodium carbonate solution for about 10 minutes and then rinse
with water. Then put the cloth in hot tannic acid solution for
about 5 minutes. Now take out the cloth from tannic acid solution
and keep it in tartaremetic solution for about 5 minutes. Remove
the cloth and squeeze it with the spatula to remove most of the
solution. Now place the cloth in boiling solution of the dye for
about 2 minutes. Remove and wash the dyed cloth thoroughly with
water, squeeze and keep it for drying.
5. Dyeing of cotton directly.
Take another piece of cotton cloth and put it directly into boiling
solution of the dye. Keep it dipped for about 2 minutes. Remove
the cloth, wash with water, squeeze and keep it for drying

OBSERVATIONS

1. The colour of cotton cloth dyed directly (without using

mordant) by dipping in hot solution of malachite green is
not fast to washing and is of low intensity.
2. The colour of cotton cloth dyed by using mordant and
then by dipping in hot solution of malachite green is fast
to washing and is of high intensity.

CONCLUSION

Use of mordant helps in giving fast colour to

the cotton cloth

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Comprehensive Practical Chemistry (Class XII)

2. www.projects.icbse.com