You are on page 1of 21

20 ( 511.

1)
:


- (831760)


1. :
, ,

,
. ,
,
,
-
,
. 20
(5) , , ,
( ), , .
,
.

2. :

, ,
, , & , .
.
2.1

,
/ .
, , /
, ,
. ,
- -, - - .

,
, .
, -
.
, .
, : )
/ ) ) ,
) .
,
,
,

.

, .
2.2
, Vere Gordon
Childe1,
.
,
, , ,
, , ,
.
,
/ . ,
, .


, ,
. -
-,

. ,
,
,
, ,
. ,



()
(),
.
1

. What Happened in History (Penguin: 1942) Man Makes Himself (Harmondsworth:


1951).

,
: ,
, , , .

, ,
,
, ,
/////
.
2.3
Wikipedia,
, ,
.
, ,
, , , , , ,
, ( ),
/, , , .
,

.
,
,
, ,
,
,
,
,
, (
), , ,
. ,
,
, ,
, , ,
, .
2002, ,
,
,
, ,
, , ,
, . 1982,
(MONDIACULT),
,
, ,
.
, ,
, , .

(culture)
(civilisation), ,
:

(civilisation)

, .
,
.
,
.
(culture) , , ,
, . ,
, ,
.
.

2.4 &
,
,
. , ,
,
:
,
/ .
18 ,
, .
,
, , ,
.
, , .


,
.

,

,
.


, , ,
. , ,
,
,
. , ,
(.. ,
, ).

, ,
.

(..
, ),
- , ,
-
(.. ,
, ).
, , :

: ,
.
. ,
,
, .
: (..
, ),
(.. , ,
), (.. 4
, - 850).
: ,
,
, .
(.. ).

( , , , ).
: ,
. ,
, (..
, ).
, ,
, .

Ernest Renan (1823-1892)


, ,
.
- (1871),
Renan
. Benedict
Anderson (1936- )
,
,

,
,
.
Eric Hobsbawn
(1917- )
,
,
,
.

2.5

,
(.. ,
),

, (.. ,
).
,
(.. ).
,


,

,

( ),

,


,

,
. ,
.
Ernest Gellner (1925-1995)
, .
Anthony D. Smith (1933 - )
( ),

.

. (.. Wagner
), (.. ),
, , ,
, / (.. ).
(.. baseball ), (..
), , , ,
(.. In God we trust ), (..
), , .

, ,
.
2:
, , ,
,
,
, ,

[ ] ,
, , ,


,
,

, ,
,
:
, ,
, .
, .
,
, , . ,

,
. , //
,
,
//, .
,





-,


,


,
,

(

),
!
2

. -: :
- , - 2003
( ) & ,
- 2006 ( ).

2.6
2
(1948),
,
, , , , :

,


[] .
1943

Raphael Lemkin (1900-1959).

11/08/1933. Lemkin,

, Lemkin

23
,
- , .
, -
. Adam Jones3

, ,
.
,

,
1496, 19 .

Herero Namaqua
( ), 1904-1907, 50-70%
Herero 50% Nama. ,
20
,
,
/ .
,
,
, , .
3

. Genocide: A Comprehensive Introduction (Routledge: 2006).

3.
(5)
20 ,
. (3) ,
,
1910
.
, ,
1940,
. ,
1990,

.
, ,
,
, .
3.1.1
(: , : Ermeni
Soykrm) ( ).
, Abdul
Hamid II (1894-1896), (1909),
(1915-1918) Mustafa Kemal Atatrk (1919-1923).
,
,
( , ,
). 24 1915.
,

( ), 235 270

, Bedri Bey.
,
1.500.000
. 4


,
21 ( ), 42
..., 1 .
4

. ,

, .

1894-1896, 2.000

Abdul Hamid II
. 80.000
300.000 , 50.000 .

,
.
,

,
, ,
,

. ,


. ,
,

,
.
Abdul Hamid II
1908
, . ,
1909
,
. ,
, 15 30
. , Hseyin Hilmi
Paa, ,
.
1914


,
.
24 1915
,
250

.


,
( Tehcir).
1923.

, Sir Winston Churchill,


:

.
,
, Paul von WolffMetternich, 1915 ,
.
301 ,
, ,
.

, . ,
,
( ...
..) .
3.1.2
(: Pontus Soykrm) 19141923, 360.000
. ,
( ,
, ).
, , 6
... 19 1919,
Mustafa Kemal Atatrk
. 2002 19
.
,


,

()
,




,
.
, , Ismail Enver Paa,
1915
.

- ,


, : ,
, , ,
( ). ,

, 1914
(1919-1922),
( 1922).


,


1923.


.
3.1.3
(:
, : Sryani
Soykrm)
.
, 1914 1920,
,
,
.
500 750 .
,
,
.
,
,
,

,

,
. ,

, ,
.


.
1915
Van,
Cevded Paa,

[] ,
. ,


.
, 1918, 30.000
,
. 1933,
3.000 63 Dohuk
Mosul, .
7 1933 .
3.1.4
,

,

,

.
(.. , , ,
),
, ,

.
,
,
.
, ,
, .
, (
) .
,
,
, . ,

(-)
, , , , ,
, .

,
.


,


,





,

-

.
.

, Hatt- erif
Glhane, Tanzimat (1839-1876),

, : ,
. 1856
Hatt- Hmayunm,
,
, , 1869
,
, . 1876

.
,
, .
, ,
, , , , ,
- 19 - ,
,
. 19
,
,
.
, (
Abdul Hamid II 1876),
, -
92.800 -
,
,

.
, , ,
, , ,
,
.


.
Hatt- Hmayunm,
1863
, 150


.
,

,
, .
,

, .
,
-
Montesquieu, Rousseau -,
, ,
1839 , 1908
, 1889 1906
( ): ,
, ,
,
.
1907 Dashnaktsutiun
[ ( )],

, 1908,
,

-
.

,
.
(1914-1919),
,
. 1915 , Mehmed Talat Paa,
,
24 1915
Tehcir . ,

,
,
.


1923 Mustafa Kemal
Atatrk, ,
,
,


. 85 .
3.2
(: Vlkermord an den Juden),
(: ), (: )
(: Die Endlsung),
6
(19391945).
,
, .
2005 27
1945, Auschwitz.
,

,

1933.

.
Michael Berenbaum5



:




5

. The World Must Know (United States Holocaust Museum: 2006).

, ,


, []


Dehomag 6 , .
,
,

. ,
[] .
,

,
Yehuda
Bauer 7 [
]

,
,


.

, , , - ,
. 8
Deutsche
Allgemeine Zeitung (27/04/1933):
, ,


[]
, .
9 1938, ,

, 30.000
. 1939 1940
,
1940,
,
. ,

1940 1941 .
6

. H Dehomag , IBM.
. Rethinking the Holocaust (New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press: 2002).
8
. , 600.000
, 1% (66.030.000).
7


,

,


.
, ,

Vernichtung durch Arbeit (


).

Hans
Frank,

(1941): ,
.
Auschwitz, Rudolf H, 1942
SS, Heinrich Himmler,

.
,
,
.
,
.
,
(1945-1949). 13
.
3.3
(: /Genocid u Bosni),
(:
/Masakr u Srebrenici),
8.732 -
11 22 1995.
.
11
1995.


(1991-1992),

(),

()

().

.

,
1992-1995 .

. 97.207 (65,9% ,
25,6% , 8,0% , 0,5% ).
11 1995
, .
(11) ,
, ,
, .
16-60
, , .
.
- ,
.

.
,
,
,
.
1993-2007 ,
.

: 19
,


(
).
,
, (
, )

.
,
.
9, 10
11, 12.
9

. , .
. ,
. , ,
1860 ( ). ,
Hindi ( ) Devanagari, Urdu ( )
.
(acinka/), ( ).
11
. -
1928, , ,
(
10

( ),
. ,
(Arebica), ,
-, ,
. - () .

Dictionary of the History of Ideas: http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/DicHist/


dict.html
Wikipedia: http://www.wikipedia.org/
Gellner, Ernest: ( , : 1992).
Gellner, Ernest: : , (
, : 2002).
Hobsbawm, Eric J: Nations and Nationalism since 1780 (Cambridge University
Press: 1994).
, : :
( , , 1996).

, . ,
, 1991-2000
. , ,
black letter .
12
.
, /
. , , -
(.. , , ).
, (..
, , , , ).

You might also like