THE QUANTITY

MEASUREMENT

Quantity
measurement
- taking off quantities

Bills of quantity
- is a document which
contains itemized list of
building item and its
quantity.

Find the
uses of bill
of quantity?

Substructure
-

Estimate earthwork (site clearing, remove

unsuitable material, cut & fill)

Produce taking off quantities:

- Piling work(concrete pile, timber pile)
- Work below lowest level( concrete formwork,
and reinforcement)
i.
Foundation
ii.
Column stump
iii. Ground beam
iv. Ground slab

Foundation &column stump

Ground beam

Ground slab

Bill of Quantity
-

Bill of Quantity is a document which contains

itemized list of building item and its quantity.
Bill of Quantity is prepared based on
standard principles.
In order to produce the Bill of Quantities, a
detailed quantity survey or materials takeoff
has to be completed.
The services are provided by a professional
Quantity Surveyor (QS).
The Bills of Quantities are usually indicated
by items of work, units of measurement, how
many Units, quantities of work, rate for doing
the work, and total value of the work.

Uses
To provide sufficient information on the quantities of
Works to be performed to enable bids to be
prepared efficiently and accurately
- To provide a priced Bill of Quantities for use in the
periodic valuation of works executed.
i.
To call for tender
ii.
To prepare progress payments
iii. To evaluate non compliance work
iv. To order and purchase materials
-

Types Of Bill of Quantity

Bill of Quantity by Trade
Concrete Trade
Excavation Trade
Wood Trade
Roof Trade
Plaster Trade
To produce the Bill of Quantities, a detailed
quantity survey or materials takeoff has to be
completed. The services are provided by a
professional Quantity Surveyor (QS).
-

Sample of Bill of Quantity

Rate
No.

Description of item

3.0

SITE CLEARANCE

3.1

Site

clearance

Unit

Quantity

RM

Total

Sen

RM

Sen

approximately

1.0 m wide from outside and

inside

fencing

line

including

shrubs and trees less than 600

mm girth as directed including
grubbing of roots and remove to
contractors
ground.

own

dumping

4, 500

50

6750

00

Elemental Bill of Quantity

Generally, types of building elements are:
Piling
Work below Floor Finishing
Structural
Roof
Stairs
External Walls
External Doors and Windows
Internal Doors and Windows
Bill of Quantity by Indication
Operational Bill of Quantity
Bill of Quantity by Allocation

UNITS IN QUANTITY MEASUREMENT

In the preparation of bill of quantity, a standard method of
measurement is used. For every quantity measurement there is
standard unit applicable.

Measurement

Units

Length

Linear metre (m)

Area

Square metre (m2)

Volume

cubic metre (m3)

Weight

Kilogramme / ton

Number

No

Item (lump sum)

Item

Slip sort form

DRWG NO.

BILL

ELEMENT

SLIP NO

NO.

HEADING
DESCRIPTION

UNIT

COLUMN

DESCRIPTION

SQUARING COLUMN

COLUMN

DIMENSIONING

TIMESING COLUMN

QUANTITY

TIMESING COLUMN (COL 1)

Timesing is a quantity surveying term which means
multiplying.
The ( / ) means times or multiply
Dotting ( . ) is a quantity surveying term which
means adding
DIMENSIONING COLUMN (COL 2)
Dimensioning measured from the drawing is
booked in the second column.
Dimension are always given in metres and to 2
decimal points
Dimensions (length, width and height or depth).

DESCRIPTION COLUMN (COL 4)

The description of the items measured.

The description should contain information required to
enable the contractor to price for the items. The
description also should be clear and concise.
Used to calculate waste. Waste is a quantity
surveying term that means calculation to derive
dimensions that are not shown in the drawings.
A braket using braket for a set of dimension.
Ditto - is a quantity surveying term which as means as
above also can be used to substitute a.b.d.

Excavating top soil

-

The depth of top soil removed is 150mm to 300mm

The unit of top soil excavation is square meter

Excavating top soil

solution
DRWG NO.

BILL NO.

ELEMENT :

SLIP NO : 1

Work Below Lower Floor Finish

HEADING
Excavation top soil
DESCRIPTION

UNIT

Excavation top soil for preservn. Avg. 150mm deep

m2
QUANTITY

Excavation top soil commencing from

ground level not exceeding 1.50m depth,
15.00
15.00

A]

5.00
12.00

B]

Cutting and filling: square method

60m
A 8.52

B 8.73

C 7.69

D 8.67

E 8.67

F 5.32

G 7.98

H 7.50

I 5.78

J 7.98

K 8.56

L 7.75

M 6.89

N 7.78

O 9.23

P 6.95

Q 7.29

R 4.90

S 7.70

30m

T 5.75

solution
Location

Ground
Level

Depth (A)

Weighting (B)
No of square

Weighting depth
AxB
(Cut)

4.37

4.37

4.00

4.58

9.16

Reduce
level

Formation
Level

0.15
0.15

8.37

4.00

8.58

Top soil

Cutting
(+)

Filling
(-)

8.52

8.73

7.69

0.15

7.54

4.00

3.54

7.08

8.67

0.15

8.52

4.00

4.52

9.04

8.67

0.15

8.52

4.00

4.52

4.52

7.98

0.15

7.83

4.00

3.83

7.66

G
I

7.98
7.50
5.78

0.15
0.15
0.15

7.83
7.35
5.63

4.00
4.00
4.00

3.83
3.35
1.63

4
4
4

15.32
13.4
6.52

7.98

0.15

7.83

4.00

3.83

7.66

8.56

0.15

8.41

4.00

3.85

7.7

7.75

0.15

7.6

4.00

3.75

15

6.89

0.15

6.74

4.00

2.74

10.95

7.78

0.15

7.63

4.00

3.63

14.52

9.23

0.15

9.08

4.00

5.08

10.16

6.95

0.15

6.8

4.00

2.8

2.8

7.29

0.15

7.14

4.00

3.14

6.28

4.90

0.15

4.75

4.00

0.75

1.5

7.70

0.15

7.55

4.00

3.55

7.1

5.75

0.15

5.6

4.00

1.6

1.6

48

162.34

TOTAL
AVERAGE
VOLUME OF SOIL

Weighting depth
AxB
(Fill)

Calculation:
Average height = total weighting depth
total weighting
= 162.34/ 48
=3.38
Volume of soil = area x average of height
= (60x 30) x 3.38
=6087m3

Cutting and filling: triangle method

60m
A 8.52

B 8.73

C 7.69

D 8.67

E 8.67

F 5.32

G 7.98

H 7.50

I 5.78

J 7.98

K 8.56

L 7.75

M 6.89

N 7.78

O 9.23

P 6.95

Q 7.29

R 4.90

S 7.70

30m

T 5.75

solution
Location

Ground
Level

Depth (A)

Weighting (B)
No of square

Weighting depth
AxB
(Cut)

4.37

8.74

4.00

4.58

13.74

Reduce
level

Formation
Level

0.15
0.15

8.37

4.00

8.58

Top soil

Cutting
(+)

Filling
(-)

8.52

8.73

7.69

0.15

7.54

4.00

3.54

10.62

8.67

0.15

8.52

4.00

4.52

13.56

8.67

0.15

8.52

4.00

4.52

4.52

7.98

0.15

7.83

4.00

3.83

11.49

0.15
0.15
0.15

7.83
7.35
5.63

4.00
4.00
4.00

3.83
3.35
1.63

6
6
6

22.98

7.98
7.50
5.78

7.98

0.15

7.83

4.00

3.83

11.49

8.56

0.15

8.41

4.00

3.85

11.55

7.75

0.15

7.6

4.00

3.75

22.5

6.89

0.15

6.74

4.00

2.74

16.44

7.78

0.15

7.63

4.00

3.63

21.78

9.23

0.15

9.08

4.00

5.08

15.24

6.95

0.15

6.8

4.00

2.8

2.8

7.29

0.15

7.14

4.00

3.14

9.42

4.90

0.15

4.75

4.00

0.75

2.25

7.70

0.15

7.55

4.00

3.55

10.65

5.75

0.15

5.6

4.00

1.6

3.2

72

222.8

TOTAL
AVERAGE
VOLUME OF SOIL

20.1
9.78

Weighting depth
AxB
(Fill)

Calculation:
Average height = total weighting depth
total weighting
= 222.8/ 72
=3.09
Volume of soil = area x average of height
= (60x 30) x 3.09
=5562m3

Piling Work
- Piling is a type of ground treatment
which is driving a pile into the ground
below ground level
- Its used to strengthen the soil so
that the ground able to support
the load of the building

Types of piles
Pre-Cast

Reinforced Concrete Piles

Cast Insitu Reinforced Concrete Piles
Timber pile
Steel pile

Ground level

Column

Pile cap

pile

pile

 Point-number

of holes in the poles of a

pile cap pile (pile cap)

1 hole

2 holes

4 holes

Calculation
NOTES:
All pile is precast reinforced concrete pile
All pile should be in 300mm diameter
Supply length of pile shall be:
Starter pile: 6.00 m long
Extension pile: 6.00 m long
Estimated penetration depth is 35 meter
Working load: 30 tones per pile
Allow 2 no. of testing for each group and single pile
The test load to twice working load shall be maintained
for 48 hours.
Legend:
P1 pile cape with 1 point
P2 pile with 2 point
P3 pile cap with 3 point

Taking of list
DRAWING NO

BILL NO

ELEMENT

SLIP NO

HEADING
DESCRIPTION

UNIT
QUANTITY

Answer for question (a)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

TAKING OFF LIST:

Mobilisation of piling plant item
Initial pile no
Driven depth m
Pile extention no
Pile extention exceed 3.00 meter long m
Jointing of pile no
Cutting of top pile and prepare for pile head no
Testing of pile item
(4 marks)
Answer for question (b)
Schedule of pile cap:
(4 marks)
Location
A/ 1 5
B / 1 5
C / 1 5
D / 1 5
TOTAL

P1
1

1
2

Type of pile cap

P2
P3
2
3
2
1
2
5
5

Mobilisation of piling plant

DRAWING NO
PSAS/CC301/JULY
2011/PILING
HEADING
Mobilisation of piling plant

BILL NO

ELEMENT
PILING

SLIP NO
1

1 mark

DESCRIPTION
Bringing in and removing from site all plant required for this section
of work
&
1 mark
Maintaining on site all plant ditto.

UNIT
Item

1 mark

QUANTITY
Item
1 mark

Item
Item
1 mark

(total 5 marks)

Initial pile
DRAWING NO
PSAS/CC301/JULY
2011/PILING
HEADING
Initial pile

BILL NO

ELEMENT
PILING

1 mark

DESCRIPTION
Supply, deliver and unload on site 6.00 meter long with 300mm
diameter initial precast reinforced concrete pile.
1 mark

1/

SLIP NO
2

UNIT
No
1 mark
QUANTITY
27
1 mark

P1
2
2
P2

2
5
10
3
5

Point of pile
(Refer legend)

P3
15

(total 7 marks)

27

3 marks

Total types of pile

(schedule of pile cap)

Total pile
initial

Driven pile
DRAWING NO
PSAS/CC301/JULY 2011/PILING
HEADING
Driven depth

BILL NO

ELEMENT
PILING

SLIP NO
3

1 mark

DESCRIPTION
Driven only vertical 300mm diameter precast reinforced concrete pile

Penetration
depth

QUANTITY
945 1 mark

1 mark

1/ 2

UNIT
m
1 mark

P1
35.00
70.00

2
5

P2

35.00
350.00

3
P3
5
35.00

(total 7
marks)

525.00

945.00
3 marks

Total driven

Pile extension
DRAWING NO
PSAS/CC301/JULY
2011/PILING
HEADING
Pile extention

BILL NO

ELEMENT
PILING

SLIP NO
4

1 mark

DESCRIPTION
Supply, deliver and unload on site 6.00m long with 300mm diameter
extension precast reinforced concrete pile.
1 mark

1/2

P1

6m

5
10

P2
2
5

5
50
P3

Bil extention pile=5

3
5

UNIT
No
1 mark
QUANTITY
135
1 mark

Bil ext pile

6m
6m

6m

(total 7 marks)

5
75

6m

135

Bil ext pile

3 marks

Initial pile

Total ext pile

6m

Note:
penetration = 35 m
Length =6 m
36 m- 35m =1 m(cut)

Extension of pile exceed 3m long

DRAWING NO
PSAS/CC301/JULY 2011/PILING

BILL NO

HEADING
Extention of pile exceed 3.00 m long

ELEMENT
PILING

SLIP NO
5

1 mark

DESCRIPTION
Total length of pile extension for pile length exceeds 3.00 meters long.
1 mark

1/

UNIT
m
1 mark
QUANTITY
810 1 mark

2
5

P1

6.00
60.00

point

Bil ext

2/5/5

P2

Bil pile

5
6.00
300.00

P3
(total 7
marks)

3
5
5
6.00
450.00

810.00

Bil ext pile

Length of
pile

3 marks

Total ext of pile

Jointing of pile
DRAWING NO
PSAS/CC301/JULY
2011/PILING
HEADING
Jointing of pile

BILL NO

ELEMENT
PILING

SLIP NO
6

1 mark

DESCRIPTION
Total no of jointing of pile

UNIT
No
1 mark
1 mark

QUANTITY
135
1 mark

P1

5
10

P2
2
5
5
P3

50

(total 7 marks)
3
5

nting=bil extention

5
75

135
3marks

Cutting of top pile and prepare for pile head

DRAWING NO
BILL NO
PSAS/CC301/JULY
2011/PILING
HEADING
Cutting of top pile and prepare for pile head

ELEMENT
PILING

1 mark

DESCRIPTION
Total no cutting of top pile and prepare pile head for pile capping

1 mark

12

SLIP NO
7

UNIT
No
1 mark
QUANTITY
27
1 mark

P1

21
2

P2

2
5

51
10

33
5

P3

51

(total 7 marks)
15

27
3 marks

Testing of pile
DRAWING NO
PSAS/CC301/JULY
2011/PILING
HEADING
Testing of pile

BILL NO

ELEMENT
PILING

SLIP NO
8

1 mark

DESCRIPTION
Allow 2 no. testing on a single and group pile to a total load of 140
60
tonnes

UNIT
Item

1 mark

QUANTITY
Item

1 mark

1 mark

Ite
m

P1 , P2 and P3

1 mark

(total 5 marks)

2 x 30(working load)= 6
Total marks:
= 52/52 x 22
= 22 marks