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OBJECTIVE
1. To determine the behaviour of aluminum alloy 6063 in open ends condition and
closed ends condition.
2. To determine the principle planes in open ends and closed ends condition.
Pressure
Direct
Strain
MN/m2
Hoop
Gauge
Gauge
Gauge
Gauge
Gauge
Gauge
Stress
MN/m2
1
0.5
7.60
111
-40
-3
37
72
111
1.0
14.53
217
-80
-8
70
139
215
1.5
21.07
311
-115
-10
102
201
313
2.0
27.60
413
-151
-13
136
267
413
2.5
34.53
519
-189
-15
171
337
522
483.04
-159.40
1.21
161.82
328
483.04
TABLE 2:-
Pressure
Direct
MN/m2
Hoop
Strain
Gauge
Stress
Gauge 2
Gauge
Gauge
Gauge
Gauge
MN/m
1
0.13
0.5
7.60
90
12
72
53
69
85
1.0
14.80
179
20
60
103
139
179
1.5
21.60
268
29
87
152
205
268
2.0
28.27
357
34
113
200
272
358
2.5
34.80
441
40
138
245
325
442
403.33
82.19
162.48
323.05
242.76
403.33
DISCUSSIONS
A)
1.
From the Graph, we know that the value of the Youngs Modulus is
((27.60-14.53)/(413-215)) = 66.01 GPa.
(Gradient of graph is 0.066 TPa)
The actual value of Youngs Modulus is 69GPa.
Percentage Error = (69-66.01)/(69) = 4.33%
2.
3.
Sample Calculations for Open Ends (Theoretical values):
Thickness = 3mm
Internal Diameter = 80mm
Poissons ratio = 0.33
Youngs Modulus = 69 109 N.m-2
H =pd/2t (1)
H = 2.5x10^6 x 0.08 / 2 x 0.003 = 33.33 MN.m^-2
H 1 = H/E. (3)
H 1 =33.33 x 10^6 / 69 x 10^9 = 483.04 (for 1,6)
L 1 = -VH/E . (4)
L 1 = -0.33 x 33.33 x 10^6 / 69 x 10^9 = -159.40 (for 2)
1 = 483.04, 2 =159.40
n =((-159.40 + 483.04)/2) + (-159.40 - 483.04)/2) cos 2 (30)
= 1.21 (for 3)
m=((-159.40 + 483.04)/2) + (-159.40 - 483.04)/2) cos 2 (45)
= 328 (for 5)
= (-159.40 + 483.04)/2) = 161.82 (for 4)
B)
1.
2.
Sample Calculations for Closed Ends (Theoretical Values):
Thickness = 3mm
Internal Diameter = 80mm
Poissons ratio = 0.33
Youngs Modulus = 69 10^9 N.m^-2
H = 33.33 MN.m^-2
L = 16.67 MN.m^-2
H =1/E (H -vL ) . (9)
H = 403.33 (for 1,6)
L =1/E(L -vH ) . (10)
L = 82.19 (for 2)
1 = 403.33 , 2 = 82.19
n = ((2+1)/2 ) + ((2-1)/2 ) cos2 (=30)
n = 162.48 (for 3)
m = ((2+1)/2 ) + ((1-2)/2 ) cos2
m = 323.05 (for 5)
When is equal 45
= ((2+1)/2 ) = 242.76 (for 4)
C) State one example of real engineering application using open ends condition and
closed ends condition concept:-
CONCLUSIONS
It can be concluded that the purpose of the experiment is successfully achieved. The
Youngs Modulus, E is obtained to be 66.01 GN/m 2. The Poissons Ratio is calculated to
be 0.3777. Meanwhile, for the open ends condition the Principal Strains are calculated
to be H = 483.04 and L = -159.40 . The concept of the circumferential stress and
combined stress is clearly understood.
REFERENCES
1. Book :