Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Service
growing
sector
globally
in
urbanization,
Availability
of
quality
Needs that they do not even know they had. Ten years ago people did not
anticipate the need for email, online banking, web hosting, online reservation
and many other new services, but today many of us feel we cannot survive
without them. Similar transformations are happening in Business to business
marketing. Service organisations vary widely in size. At one end are the huge
international corporations operating in industries such as
tourism, airlines,
banking, telecommunication etc whereas on the other end of the scale is a vast
array of locally owned and operated small businesses including parlours , hotels
, laundry n numerous business to business services.
Trade
Hotels and restaurants
Railways
Other transport and storage
Communication (post and telecom)
Banking
Insurance
Dwellings, real estate
Business services
Public administrations, defence
Personal services
Community services
Other service
Chapter 2
INTRODUCTION TO BANKING SECTOR
3
A bank is an institution that deals with money and credit. Different people
understand meaning of a bank in different ways. For a common man, bank is a
storehouse where money is stored, for a businessman it is a financial institution
and for a day to day customer it is an institution where he can deposit his
savings. Banks play an important role in the economy of any country as they
hold the savings of the public. Provide means of payment for goods and services
and provide necessary finance for development of business and change. Thus
bank is a link in the flow of funds from the savers to the users hence they should
render efficient customer service in order to retain the present customers and
also to attract the potential customer.
In the past the banks did not face any attraction in the Indian economy
because of the low level of the economic activities and the little business
prospects. Today we find positive changes in the national business development
policy. Earlier the moneylenders had a strong hold over the rural population
which resulted in exploitation of small and marginal savers. The private sector
There was a basic change in the banking concept with a beginning in the
nationalisation of big commercial banks. The involvement of public sector
banks, transformed the Indian economy.
The Indian banking can be broadly categorized into nationalized
(government owned), private banks and specialized banking institutions. The
Reserve Bank of India acts a centralized body monitoring any discrepancies and
shortcoming in the system. Since the nationalization of banks in 1969, the
public sector banks or the nationalized banks have acquired a place of
prominence and has since then seen tremendous progress. The need to become
highly customer focused has forced the slow-moving public sector banks to
adopt a fast track approach. The unleashing of products and services through the
net has galvanized players at all levels of the banking and financial institutions
market grid to look anew at their existing portfolio offering. Conservative
banking practices allowed Indian banks to be insulated partially from the Asian
currency crisis. Indian banks are now quoting a higher valuation when
compared to banks in other Asian countries (viz. Hong Kong, Singapore,
Philippines etc.) that have major problems linked to huge Non Performing
Assets (NPAs) and payment defaults. Co-operative banks are nimble footed in
approach and armed with efficient branch networks focus primarily on the high
revenue niche retail segments.
The Indian banking has finally worked up to the competitive dynamics of
the new Indian market and is addressing the relevant issues to take on the
multifarious requirements of the large customers base. Private Banks have been
fast on the uptake and are reorienting their strategies using the internet as a
medium The Internet has emerged as the new and challenging frontier of
marketing with the conventional physical world tenets being just as applicable
like in any other marketing medium.
The Indian banking has come from a long way from being a sleepy
business institution to a highly proactive and dynamic entity.
This
transformation has been largely brought about by the large dose of liberalization
and economic reforms that allowed banks to explore new business opportunities
rather than generating revenues from conventional streams (i.e. borrowing and
lending). The banking in India is highly fragmented with 30 banking units
contributing to almost 50% of deposits and 60% of advances.
Indian
The
With
efficiency being the major focus, these banks have leveraged on their strengths
and competencies viz. Management, operational efficiency and flexibility,
superior product positioning and higher employee productivity skills.
The private banks with their focused business and service portfolio have a
reputation of being niche players in the industry. A strategy that has allowed
these banks to concentrate on few reliable high net worth companies and
integrates strategy plans have allowed most of these banks to deliver superlative
levels of personalized services. With the Reserve Bank of India allowing these
banks to operate 70% of their businesses in urban areas, this statutory
requirement has translated into lower deposit mobilization costs and higher
margins relative to public sector banks.
The three major changes in the banking sector post
liberalization are:
Banks were given greater freedom to leverage the capital markets and
determine their asset portfolios. The banks were allowed to provide
advances against equity provided as collateral and provide bank
guarantees to the broking community
Banks are now the most significant players in the Indian financial market. They
are the biggest purveyors of credit, and they also attract most of the savings
from the population. The Indian banking can be broadly categorized into
nationalized (government owned), private banks and specialized banking
institutions. The Reserve Bank of India acts a centralized body monitoring any
discrepancies and shortcoming in the system.
The need to become highly customer focused has forced the slowmoving public sector banks to adopt a fast track approach. The unleashing of
products and services through the net has galvanized players at all levels of the
banking and financial institutions market grid to look anew at their existing
portfolio offering. Driven by the socialist ideologies and the welfare state
concept, public sector banks have long been the supporters of agriculture and
other priority sectors. They act as crucial channels of the government in its
efforts to ensure equitable economic development.
The liberalize policy of Government of India permitted entry to private
sector in the banking, the industry has witnessed the entry of nine new
generation private banks.
distinguishes these banks from all the other banks in the Indian banking is
the level of service that is offered to the customer. Their focus has always
centred around the customer understanding his needs, pre-empting him and
consequently delighting him with various configurations of benefits and
a wide portfolio of products and services. These banks have generally been
established by promoters of repute or by high value domestic financial
institutions. Today, the private banks corner almost 4% share of the total share
of deposits
Chapter 3
TYPES OF BANKS
There are various types of banks which operate in our country to meet the
financial requirements of different categories of people engaged in agriculture,
10
e) Co-operative Banks
(i)
(ii)
11
(i)
Public Sector Banks: These are banks where majority stake is held by the
Government of India or Reserve Bank of India. Examples of public sector banks
are: State Bank of India, Corporation Bank, Bank of Baroda and Dena Bank,
etc.
(ii)
Krishna Bank Ltd., Bharat Overseas Bank Ltd, Global Trust Bank, Vysya Bank,
etc.
(iii)
c) Development Banks
Business often requires medium and long-term
capital for purchase of machinery and equipment, for using latest technology, or
for expansion and modernization. Such financial assistance is provided by
Development Banks. They also undertake other development measures like
subscribing to the shares and debentures issued by companies, in case of under
subscription of the issue by the public. Industrial Finance Corporation of India
(IFCI) and State Financial
Corporations (SFCs) are examples of development banks in India.
d) Co-operative Banks
13
People who come together to jointly serve their common interest often
form a co-operative society under the Co-operative Societies Act. When a cooperative society engages itself in banking business it is called a Co-operative
Bank. The society has to obtain a license from the Reserve Bank of India before
starting banking business. Any co-operative bank as a society is to function
under the overall supervision of the Registrar, Co-operative Societies of the
State. As regards banking business, the society must follow the guidelines set
and issued by the Reserve Bank of India.
Types of Co-operative Banks
There are three types of co-operative banks operating in our country. They
are primary credit societies, central co-operative banks and state co-operative
banks. These banks are organized at three levels, village or town level, district
level and state level.
(i)
Primary Credit Societies: These are formed at the village or town level with
borrower and non-borrower members residing in one locality. The operations of
each society are restricted to a small area so that the members know each other
and are able to watch over the activities of all members to prevent frauds.
(ii)
Central Co-operative Banks: These banks operate at the district level having
some of the primary credit societies belonging to the same district as their
members. These banks provide loans to their members (i.e., primary credit
societies) and function as a link between the primary credit societies and state
co-operative banks.
14
(iii)
State Co-operative Banks: These are the apex (highest level) co-operative
banks in all the states of the country. They mobilize funds and help in its proper
channelization among various sectors. The money reaches the individual
borrowers from the state co-operative banks through the central co-operative
banks and the primary credit societies.
e) Specialized Banks
There are some banks, which cater to the requirements and provide
overall support for setting up business in specific areas of activity. EXIM Bank,
SIDBI and NABARD are examples of such banks. They engage themselves in
some specific area or activity and thus, are called specialized banks.
15
activities. The aim and focus of SIDBI is to promote, finance and develop smallscale industries.
(iii)
It is a
or
central
apex
16
Chapter 4
MARKET SEGMENTATION
An organization is supposed to cater to the changing needs of customers;
it is only natural that all customers have their own likes and dislikes. They have
some uniqueness, which throws a big imprint on their lifestyles. This makes the
task of understanding a bit difficult. It has the context that we go through the
problem of market segmentation in the banking service.
The study of the needs of customers invites a plethora of problems since
in addition to other aspects; the regional considerations also influence the
hierarchy of needs. To be more specific in the banking services, the banking
organizations are supposed to satisfy different types of customers living in
different segments. The segmentation of market makes the task of bank
professionals easier. If the market segmentation is done in a right fashion, the
task of satisfying the customers is simplified considerably. The modern
marketing theories advocate the formulation of marketing policies and strategies
for each segment, which an organization plans to solicit.
The marketing segmentation is based in the principle of divide and rule.
If we divide the market into different segments, the size of market is made small
and the process of study is found convenient. We find market segmentation
division and subdivision of a market based on considerations. The bank
professionals have to segment the market in such a way that the expectations of
all potential customers are studied in a right perspective and the marketing
resources are developed to fulfil the same. The marketing efforts can be made
more proactive if the process and bases of segmentation are right.
It is essential that the bank professionals assign due weightage to the
17
difference that we find in the market behaviour due to geographical, age, sex,
nationality, educational background, income classes, occupation, social and
other considerations. If they overlook or underestimate key bases while
segmenting, the study results cant be proactive to the formulation of creative
marketing decisions. This makes it essential that the bank professionals are well
aware of the criteria for market segmentation. The agriculture sector, industrial
sector, services sector, household sector are found important in the very context.
The gender segment is found important no doubt but we cant underestimate
institutional and professional segments. Since the banking organizations serve
different sectors and segments, the segmentation should be done carefully.
IMPORTANCE OF SEGMENTATION
1. Instrumental in exploring opportunities:
We find market segmentation very much effective in exploring the
profitable opportunities. It is well known to us that while segmenting, the
market is divided into different groups and sub-groups and this simplifies the
process of studying and understanding the customers in a right perspective. If
we know about the rural segment, the opportunities are explored to the rural
areas. If we know about the women segment, the opportunities are identified in
that area. If we know about the low- income group, the opportunities are
identified in that group. Thus the segmentation helps the bank professionals in
exploring the profitable opportunities.
18
19
ECONOMIC SYSTEM
An important criterion for market segmentation is the economic system in
which we find agricultural sector, industrial sector, services sector, household
sector, and rural sector requiring the weight age while segmenting.
20
In the agricultural sector, there are four categories since the needs of all
categories cant be identical.
21
technologies, and the business regulations are some of the important aspects
influencing the hierarchy of needs.
C). SERVICES
SECTOR:
22
SERVICE SEGMENT
The banking organizations need to identify the changing needs and requirements
of the services sector with the frequent use of IT and with the mounting pressure
of inflation and competition, we find a change in the hierarchy of needs.
HOUSEHOLD SEGMENT
This also constitutes an important sector where different
income groups have different needs and requirements.
A). HOUSEHOLD SEGMENT
The high income group, middle income group, subsistence level group
and marginal income group have different hierarchy of needs which influence
the level of their expectations.
23
PROFESSION SEGMENT:
In the profession segment, we find different categories
of professions and therefore we find a change in their needs
and requirements. The technocrats, bureaucrats, corporate
executives, intellects, white-collar and blue collar employees have different
needs and requirements and
therefore
organizations
their expectations.
should
know
INSTITUTIONAL
the
banking
SECTOR
24
share it is imperative that the banking organizations are familiar with changing
needs and requirements. The emerging trends in the social transformation
process determine the hierarchy of needs.
Chapter 5
7 Ps of Banking sector
PRODUCT
I.
Bank Products
25
1.
DEPOSITS:
Savings, current, fixed etc.
2.
ADVANCES:
(a) Fund Oriented:
Term loan
Clean loan
Bill discounting
Advancing
3.
International Banking:
Letter of credit
Foreign currency
26
4.
Consultancy:
Investment counselling
Project counselling
Merchant banking
Tax consultancy
5.
Miscellaneous:
Traveller cheques
Credit cards
Remittances
Collections
Sale of drafts
Standing instructions and
Trusteeship.
PRODUCT LEVELS
Core Benefit:
27
It is the main or core reason why the customer will buy the service of the bank.
But customers do not buy the core product, they only buy the benefit. The role
of the bank marketer is to convert the core products into a generic product
which satisfies the needs of the customer. E.G. In case of bank core value is to
deposit and withdraw money.
Basic Product:
The core benefit is converted into a basic product. That is the service can used
by the customer in order to fulfil his/her needs. It is basically colour, brand
name, shape, size, quality, branding and packaging. E.G. In bank basic product
is to provide savings a/c, current a/c, deposits, loans, and overdraft facility.
Expected Product:
It refers to the set of attributes and conditions expected by the customers when
they purchase the service. E.G. If the customer expects the loan to be given
within a day and if he gets it in a day, the bank has met the expectations of the
customer.
Augmented Product:
It is the additional feature that the banks provide which exceeds the customers
expectations. E.G When one opens a Suvidha account with Citibank he gets an
ATM card free. The bank marketer must offer a multi dimensional product or
what is called a product package
Potential Product:
28
Core
Product
The basic
necessity to
use banking
services in
order to
handle
finance
more
efficiently
Basic
Product
Safety of
deposits
Expected
Product
Timely
service
Augmented
Product
Goods
waiting
rooms
Potential
Product
Mobile and
internet Banking
Loanable
funds etc.
Long
banking
hours
Extensive
ATM
network
New Schemes
tailored for
specific
customers
29
PRICE MIX
The price mix in the banking sector is nothing but the interest rates
charged by the different banks. In todays competitive scenario where customer
is the king, the banks have to charge them interest at a rate in accordance with
the RBI directives. Banks also compete in terms of annual fees for services like
credit cards, DMAT etc. Another important aspect of the banks pricing policy
today is the interest charged on the Home Loans and Car Loans. With Indias
economy progressing, there are more and more buyers seeking these loans but at
a very competitive interest rate.
30
Lets understand this with an example. A particular buyer approaches a bank for
a car loan for a period of 3 years. He is charged Rs. 20,000 as interest. However,
if a sale representative of another bank comes to know of this deal, he will try to
attract the customer by giving him a better deal i.e. a loan at a lower rate on
interest. In this way, it is the customer that ultimately benefits.
Here is an example of some of the prices charged by ICICI bank for their
services:
Add on Card
Duplicate Card
Rs. 100
Savings Account
Transaction Charges
NIL
NIL
NIL
NIL
Account closure
Rs.100
Rs.100
31
This example evinces some of the charges that the customer has to pay for
the services provided by the bank.
BANK
OF
INDIA
and
THE
INDIAN
BANKING
ASSOCAITION. Any one particular bank or a group of banks does not regulate
it. The interest rate charged cannot be higher than that decide by the RBI and the
INDIAN BANKING ASSOCIATION.
Thus, in spite of the constraints in the pricing policy due to the RBI directives
there are mainly three types of pricing methods adopted by banks.
They are:
Value pricing:
Banks having unique or different products or schemes mainly do this type of
pricing. They usually charge a combination of high and low prices depending on
32
the customer loyalty as well as the products. This type of pricing strategy is
usually coupled with promotion programmes.
Mark up pricing:
This is a pricing technique wherein the cost of the service is determined and a
small margin is added to it and then the final price is offered to the customers.
This type of pricing is not very popular since in the banking sector it is not very
easy to arrive at the cost of the service. Thus most banks use a combination of
mark up pricing and going rate pricing.
33
maximum sales as well as profits since the customer feels that by entering such
a transaction he is winning.
PLACE MIX
Place mix is the location analysis for
banks branches. There are number a factors
affecting the determination of the location
of the branch of bank. It is very necessary
for a bank to be situated at a location where
most of its target population is located.
34
2.
Population characteristics
3.
Commercial structure
4.
Industrial structure
5.
Banking structure
6.
7.
8.
Proximity to public
Transportation
9.
Drawing time
10.
Location of competition
11.
Visibility
12.
Access
It is not necessary that all the above conditions have to be satisfied while
selecting the location but it should try and satisfy as many of them as possible.
1.
35
2.
Population Characteristics:
The demography of a place is a very important factor.
This includes:
These factors are very important for a bank as the help them decide the kind of
business the branch will get.
3.
Commercial Structure:
The commercial structure refers to the level of commerce i.e. business
activities taking place at a particular location. The higher the level of business
activities taking place in a particular location the more preferable it is for setting
up a bank branch.
36
4.
Industrial Structure:
This is nothing but a combination of the trade area analysis and the
commercial structure. However the industrial structure focuses more on the kind
of industries operating in a particular location. For example, an area like SEEPZ
is marked with a lot of electronic manufacturing units. Thus the industrial
structure determines the kind of financial transactions that could take place in a
particular location.
5.
Banking Structure:
The Banking structure refers to the existence of other banks in the area.
Whether there is already an efficient network of other bank branches operating
at that particular area. Thus the overall infrastructure needed for the working of
a bank.
6.
7.
37
This is mainly dealing with the cost factor involved in opening up a bank
branch at a particular location. The real estate rate is a very strong factor
influencing the location decision for a bank branch.
8.
9.
Drawing Time:
Drawing time refers to the time period during which a customer can draw
money from the banks. It should be convenient to the customer and somewhat
flexible to accommodate the customers needs. No bank has more than a certain
amount with them and in case a customer wants to withdraw an amount more
than that available with the bank, the bank needs to draw that amount from other
banks. Hence, a location must be such that it facilitates minimum drawing time.
38
11. Visibility:
The location of a branch should be such that it is visible and easily noticed by
the customers as well other people.
12. Access:
The bank branch should be very easily accessible to the customers. If this
is not the case, the customer might switch to some other bank, which is more
convenient to him and very easily accessible. The location should be such that it
is very convenient for the customer to reach.
39
Promotion Mix
Promotion is nothing but making the customer more and more aware of
the services and benefits provided by the bank. The banks today can use a lot of
new technology to communicate to their customers. Two of the fastest growing
modern tools of communicating with the customers are:
1.
Internet Banking
2.
Mobile Banking
40
SMS services:
SMS functions through simple text messages sent from your cellular
phone. These messages are recognized by ICICI bank to provide you with the
required information.
For example, when you enter IBAL your cellular phone screen will display
the current balance in your primary account. Thus with the help of SMS a wide
range of query based transactions can be performed without even making a call.
ICICI was the first organization in India to provide Wireless Application
Protocol (WAP) based services. Mobile commerce using WAP technology,
allows secure online access of the web using mobile devices. With WAP one can
directly access the ICICI WAP server, check ones account details and use other
value added services. Thus different methods are used by different banks to
promote its services.
A bank may have very attractive schemes and services to offer to their
customers but they are of no use if they are not communicated properly to the
customers. Promotion is to inform and remind the individuals and persuade
them to accept, recommend or use of product, service or idea. However there
some very important points that is to be considered before the promotion
strategy is made. These points are:
41
42
Public Relations:
In todays competitive scenario developing strong public relations is very
important for any bank to be successful. Most banks today have a separate
Public Relations department. However primarily it is considered as a
responsibility of the various bank managers to develop a steady and strong
relationship with their present customers as well as potential customers. This
can be done by a constant follow up, small programmes etc.
43
2.
Personal Selling:
Personal selling is found to be one of the most effective and popular
forms of promoting bank business. The main reason for this is that banking is a
service in which trust plays a very important role. In personal selling, a bank
representative goes to the customers and explains the scheme to the customers.
Also he gives the customers any kind consultation he might need. He provides
the customers all the information sought by him. The representative tries to
persuade the customers to go for the scheme provided by the bank by telling
him all the benefits. Here are some of the important features of personal selling
3.
Sales Promotion:
Sales promotions are basically giving the customers some additional
benefits, maybe at times just some small gifts, in order to promote the schemes.
The more innovative the sales promotions the more positive are the results.
Some of the most popular sales promotions techniques are gifts, contests, fairs
and shows, discounts and commission, entertainment and travelling plans for
44
4.
5.
Telemarketing:
In recent times telemarketing has gained increasing importance as an
effective tool for promotion. Telemarketing is a process of making use of
sophisticated communication network for promoting the banks. This includes
promoting through television, telephone, and radio. Nowadays, cell phones are
used extensively for the same. This is the most popular form of promotion.
Banks today have started using SMS and many other services supported by
cell phones to provide benefits to their customers and thus have tried to increase
45
their sales. In todays competitive and modern scenario it very important that
banks makes use of telemarketing techniques very efficiently to have desirable
results.
6.
Internet:
The use of Internet as a promotional tool is increasing. More and more
banks are using Internet to promote their services. The online banking has made
it even easier for the customers to avail the banks services. No longer do people
have to go to their bank branches for small petty matters like checking their
balance etc. All this can be done with the help of a few clicks.
Thus, these were the numerous ways in which a bank can promote its
services and create more awareness amongst the people.
46
People
People are the employees that are the service providers. In a banking
sector, the service provider plays a very important and determinant role in
rendering the customers a satisfactory and a good service. It is extremely
essential that the service provider understand what his customers expect from
him. In the banking sector, the customer needs to be guided in a lot of matters,
which is possible only with the help of the service provider.
The position in the eyes of the customer will be perceived by appearance,
attitude and behaviour of the customer contact employees. Not only does the
47
customer contact employee influence the customers perception but also the
customer base of the organization does so.
Process Mix
The
process
mix
48
Lets take for example the process for application for a car loan at HDFC
bank.
Now this mainly involves 3 things.
1.
2.
3.
2.
3.
49
The smaller and simpler the procedure, the better the process, and the customer
will be more satisfied.
PHYSICAL EVIDENCE
Physical evidence is the overall layout of the place i.e. how the entire
bank has been designed. Physical evidence refers to all those factors that help
make the process much easier and smoother. For example, in case of a bank, the
physical evidence would be the placement of the customer service executives
desk, or the location of the place for depositing cheques. It is very necessary that
the place be designed in such a manner so as to ensure maximum convenience
to the customer and cause no confusion to him.
Let us see an example as to how banks try to make little changes so as to make
the service better for their customers.
50
Thus, these are the 7 Ps of services. Each of them plays a very important and a
pivotal role in determining the quality of the service provided to the customer.
Chapter 6
QUALITY DIMENSIONS
51
Assurance
Tangibility
Empathy
Responsiveness
RELIABILITY
service
dependably
the
and
52
ASSURANCE
53
TANGIBLITY
54
located for the customers. The personnel always have a cheerful and helping
veneer and are always ready to help out the customers. The entire place is done
up in bright colours and thus the customer can immediately feel the warmth and
the radiance of the place.
EMPATHY
55
seminars and training workshops so that they can understand the consumer
better and thus serve him better.
RESPONSIVENESS
56
Chapter 7
Technologies & Innovations in Banking
Technologies in Banking
Technology plays a very important role in banks internal control
mechanisms as well as services offered by them. It has in fact given new
dimensions to the banks as well as services that they cater to and the banks are
enthusiastically adopting new technological innovations for devising new
products and services.
The latest developments in terms of technology in computer and
telecommunication have encouraged the bankers to change the concept of
branch banking to anywhere banking. The use of ATM and Internet banking has
allowed anytime, anywhere banking facilities. Automatic voice recorders now
answer simple queries, currency accounting machines makes the job easier and
self-service counters are now encouraged. Credit card facility has encouraged an
era of cashless society. Today MasterCard and Visa card are the two most
popular cards used world over. The banks have now started issuing smartcards
or debit cards to be used for making payments. These are also called as
electronic purse. Some of the banks have also started home banking through
telecommunication facilities and computer technology by using terminals
installed at customers home and they can make the balance inquiry, get the
57
statement of accounts, give instructions for fund transfers , etc. Through ECS we
can receive the dividends and interest directly to our account avoiding the delay
or chance of losing the post.
Today banks are also using SMS and Internet as major tool of promotions
and giving great utility to its customers. For example SMS functions through
simple text messages sent from your mobile. The messages are then recognized
by the bank to provide you with the required information.
All these technological changes have forced the bankers to adopt
customer-based approach instead of product-based approach.
Electronic Banking:
With the introduction of computers in Indian banks and with the advent of
ATMs the banking services are provided across the banks. Customers need not
necessarily visit the bank to do banking transactions when the bank provides
them with tele banking and or remote banking facilities. This type of banking is
called electronic banking and the concept is becoming popular with individual
as well as corporate entities in India.
1.
including
deposits,
withdrawals,
58
2. Internet Banking:
Banks have over a long time been using electronic
and telecommunication network for delivering a
wide range of value added products and services.
The delivery channels include dial-up connection,
private network, public network etc and the devices include telephone personal
computers including the ATM etc. With the popularity of PCs and easy access
to the internet and World Wide Web banks increasingly use internet as a channel
for receiving instructions and delivering their products and services to their
customers. This form of banking is often referred to as internet banking,
although the range of products and services offered by different banks, vary
widely both in their content and sophistication.
59
3. Mobile Banking:
Through inter banking one can
visit the web site of each bank by
entering his password and known the
account balance and even pass his own
credit and debit entries. This means that
we can do our banking through our personal computer settings at home. Banks
may soon allow zero balance savings accounts through internet facility only.
Customers can now make balance enquires download statements and open fixed
deposits over the net. They will soon be able to carry out all their transactions
over the net. So visiting a bank would be needless. Time to come; mobile
phones will drive banking transactions. These mobile phones will drive banking
transactions. These mobile phones will be equipped with smart cards that are
embedded with banking and other information. This mobile phone banking
facility is yet to come but the mechanics of linking the banking with the cell
phone is being sorted out. Teller machines are being installed in the banks for
the electronic banking facility. Banking will be on wheels and mobile by the use
of smart banking.
60
4.
5. Electromagnetic Cards:
In the modern days of commerce credit cards have acquired a fairly
prominent and pervasive role. With the increasing use of credit cards the society
is moving towards cashless transactions. In India however the use of credit cards
is restricted to small value and mostly personal transactions. The two
international credit card giants viz, Visa international and Master Card
international are poised to make deeper inroad in untapped Indian market.
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to
4) Smart card: There are two types of smart cards intelligent memory chip and
micro processor cards. The memory smart cards have been around for several
years they are being used in paying phones, identification, access control, voting
and other applications. Processer smart cards are the most advanced and are
ideally suited for banking and financial application where re use of the card is
allowed.
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5) Member card: This is used by members of a club or a chain of hotels. E.g. the
Taj Card is a card issued by the Management of the Taj group of Hotels to be
used by patrons of their hotels .Similarly there are many other types of cards
where the usage is exclusive to the members of the group.
Conclusion:
With the development of modern communication facilities, electronic
payment systems are becoming popular. These are teller machines available for
bank customers within the bank as well as outside the bank premises. ATMs
which are being located even at public places, are able to provide the customers
minimal banking services including cash payments round the clock. Shared
ATMs are also introduced in India where the services are provided across the
banks. Customers need not necessarily visit the bank to do banking transactions
when their banker provides them tele-banking or remote banking facilities.
We have also seen that the various electronic and electro-mechanical aids
that help the modern banker to efficiently render innovative and novel customer
service. Equipments like note and coin counting machines help the banker to
take care of the tedium in his task, reduce drudgery and at the same time
efficiently discharge his functions. These technological aids not only take care
of some of the physical routine tasks but also contribute substantially to efficient
housekeeping functions and also render services that are in tune with the
customer needs and satisfaction.
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