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of
of
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and
and Buddhist
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Studies
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Jborrnaloflhdian
andBucld7iist
StudiesNlo1.62,No. 3.March
2014
The Significance
ofCanonical
ad
MSABh
XVIII
KisHiSayaka
O. Introduction
MdhElyanasijtralapakarabhasya(MSABh)is generallyattributed to Vasubandhu
400-480) . The
consists
of
Sanskritversion
original
21 chapters.
In the MSABh,
for bo`thisattvas
to
practices
trainingmethod
<MAVT)ad
which
MAV
was
II says
of
the MSABh
ad
MSA
(ca.
XVIII
explains
the thirty-seven
Sad bodhipaksadharma),
(sqptatrim.
attain enlightenment
also
other
andpratyekabuddhas,
ing enlightenrnent.
canonical
clearly emphasizes
attrib-
thatbod7)isattvas
are superior to Srli-
to thesethirty-seven
practicestheyfbllowfbrattain-
owning
the SAVBh
andpratyekabudtthas,
commients
on
the MSABh
through
citations.
In this article,
ly exploring
commentary
thatofSnlivakas
many
inthe MSABh.
,
(ca.
vahas
whether
hand,Sfitraiamharavrttibhdsya
an MSABh
(SA:VBh)
to Sthirarnati 510-570)
uted
examined
bod7iisattvas
with their enlightenment
On the
and
has explicitly
the
we
investigate
how to show
association
the
magnificence
of
bodliisattvas
by
canonical
accurate-
citations
in the
SAVBh.
1.Definitionof the Botthipaksatthamaain the SAVBh
First,Sthiramati
reveals hisunderstanding
ofthe
in the SAVBh
bocthissattvas
ad
MSABh
of
ad
MSABh
XVIII
the definition
of the thirty-seven practices
-1260-
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of
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and
and Buddhist
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regards
all contents
typesof
accumulations.
types of
meditation
XVIII
as
meditation
explaining
practicesforbocthisattvas,
after two
(catuh-smrtyupastha-na)
The thirty-sevenpracticesto
that
others
of
include fbur
enlightcnment
attain
be translated
as fbllows:
Analysisofthe fourtypes
to
attain
by means
oftwo
fbrattaining
these
stanzas.
Why
are
says as
[Sthiramati
two accumulations?
away
afflictive
hindrancesand
two types
of
of accumulations.
Vasubandhu
Sthiramati,
hindrances
and
mulation
cognitive
hindrancesby
of wisdom.
ofsiravahas
andpratyekobudtthas
of
effective
accumulations:
This definition
of
of four types
canonical
of
accumeditation
differ
from those
typesofaccumulations
using
that bod]}isattvas
remove
eliminate
bo6thisattvas'
features
becauseonly bocthisattvas
states
drances.
In SAVBh, Sthiramati
cognitive
hisunderstanding
shows
two types
using
fo11ows:
hindrances
2)
fbrbocthisattvas
on the assumption
aMictive
Therefore, [Vasubandhu]
arranges
after explaining
an understanding
ofthree
expiaining
to take
practices
fourtypesofmeditation
shows
consists
types ofaccumulations.
enlightenment
Dependingon
efmeditation
interpreted
after
enlightenment
bodhisattvas]exercise
the
MSA
ad
why
can
MSABh
ofthe
in.
citations
citation
Sthiramati
emphasizes
ofjravahas
cumulations
runs as
thatbocthisattvas'
two types ofaccumulations
andpratyehahudcthas.
This
citation
are
betterthan those
and siriivaims.
Therefbre,the SAVBh
between bocthisattvas
ad
typesofac-
MSABh
k.38
fo11ows:
and
accumulation
accumulations
dhisattvas]
accumulations
gather accumulations. In thiscase, bodhisattvas'
cumulation
of merit
and
accumulation
of wisdem.
Because
accumulation
are and
are
ofmerit
are
ofwisdom,
why
[bo-
twofbld,thatisacand
accumulation
are
The JapaneseAssociation
The
Japanese Association
of
of
Indian
Indian
and
and Buddhist
Buddhist Studies
Studies
Practices
toAttain
EnlightenmentforBodhisattvas
(198)Meaningof theThirty-Seven
(S.KisHi)
space as minute
as a
can
of
Thiscanonical
citation
text of thiscanonical
to a dropof
from the KP
citation
boduisattvas'
accumulations
states that accumulations
water
clinging
also
pointsout
and
those of
of merit
theKP, thissimile
view
of amount
the two
The body
distinctive
difference
between
quantitative
siravakas':
however,the body text of theKP
for bodhisattvas
are
to
refferred
to as
"a
vast expanse
of
Kds'yapaparivartaka-tjkacom(KPT),
be interepreted
on the basisofunderstanding
should
3)
thatfrom pointof
asserts
from freshbutter."
According
covered
mentary on
spreading
forbodhisattvas
are different
from those ofSravakas'.
types ofaccumulations
waters
of waters
seed.
ofthe
P7nis'cayasamgrahani
ofthe Ybgiicarabhami.4)
In the VinS, accumulation ofmerit
(VinS)
forbocViisattvas
isnot comapared
to a vast expanse ofwaters covered with freshbutter
but
a vast
expanse
SAVBh
of
issimilar
waters
in all directions.
The
spread
to analysis ofaccumulation
ofmerit
fbre,itishighlylikelythat Sthiramati,author
KPT
and
canonical
citation
from KP in the
fbrbocthisattvas
in theVinS.There-
of
VinS.
In the SAVBh
(Aks)are
stitras along
ad
the most
MSABh
XVIII,
KP. An
citations
numerous.
with the
canonical
outstanding
of
the
most
to Braarvig [1993:
liv]
cites two canonical
, Sthiramati
aceording
fourteen
viewpoints
the SAVBh
thatthe fourtypes
shows
those ofSravahas
Ifanyone
those of
using a canonical
of meditation
citation
fbrbocVrisattvas
are different
fbrm
from Aks.
that[howthe fourtypes
of meditation
fbrbod]iisattvas
can be distinguished
from
the others] from the viewpoint oftheir cognitive objects, [weanswer as fo11ows]
: because
asks
regard bodies of
[botthisattvas]
all sentient
objects.
The JapaneseAssociation
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Meaning of theThirty-Seven
Practices
toAttain
Enlightenment
forBoduisattvas
(S,KisHi)(199)
types ofmeditation for bocthisattvas]
can be better[than
thoseof theothers] by rehow the [four
: Sravakas regard
only one's own
feningto thissort of cognitive object, [weanswer as fo11ows]
recognize
body and one's own senses etc. as objects for theirpractices.In contrast, bocihisattvas
both one;s own body and bodiesof all sentient beings,
as well as one's own
senses and the senses
ofall other sentient beings.
Forthis reason, boduisattvas'
cognitive
objects are superior to Sritvakas'
cognitive
objects [when
they practicethe fburtypes of meditatien] . Therefore,
we should refer to
the passages
in theAks: ifanyone asks hew botthisattvas
observing bodies,[weanswer as
practice
5)
and so en.
fo11ows]
: he observes bothhisown body,the bodiesofall sentient beings,
sattvas'
when
includebothone's
themselves are
intends
thatbodeisattvas
typesof
meditation
through
plainsfburtypes of meditation
cal citation from the Aks:
own
superior
a canonical
citation
body
and
of meditation.
Bodhi-
to Srdvakas,using
the explanation
of
fbur
by using
another
canoni-
inquires
ifitispossible[toexplain fourtypes of rneditation forbodhisattvas]
from the
as fbllows:
why
isthe acquisition of bocthisattvas
superior to
viewpoint of acquisition, we answer
forleavingone's own
thatofsirZivakas?
itissaid thatSravakas practice[fbur
types ofmeditation]
neither fbr leaving[bodies
body and one's own perception,etc. In contrast, bocthisattvas
practice
and perceptions,
etc.] Therefbre, [bodhisattvas
and perceptions,etc.] nor forclinging to [bodies
how bocthisattvas
do
are superior to Sravakas]
from the viewpoint ofacquisition. Ifanyone inquires
do not leave
and perceptions],
we respond
to them likethis:[bodhisattvas]
not leave[bodies
If anyone
and perceptions]
because of
[bodies
clinging
associated with
tathagata. If
to them
inquires
that how bocthisattvas
do not close [bodies
and perceptions] we respond
do practiceleavingtheirbodiesproduced by theiracts and affiic1ikethis:because
bocthisattvas
anyone
[this
passagebeing susceptible
and
aMictions]
interpretation]
bod7zisattvas
do not leave their own
acquirbodiesfbrthe sake of acquiring three types ofbodies, thatis,bodhisattvas
eager to practice
by
ingthreetypes ofbodies [associated
with tathagata]on the basis
oftheir own bodies[produced
the Aks runs as fo11ows:bodhisattvasobserve their
bodies
theiracts and aMictions] . Furthermore,
and their bodies at present. [bocthisattvas]
recognize
selfi
in the past,theirbodiesinthe future,
on the basis
of their untmthfu1
bodies.
lessness
on the basis
of their
own bodiesand tmthfu1things
itis established thatbody oftathagata,
cViarWhat are truthfu1 things inthispassage? For example,
fromall ofthe threerealrns ofexsistence
makZlya,
vojtzikZiya, etc., which
are distinguished
(traicthatuka) on thebasisof beingtmthfu1 things. Bodhisattvasare not attached to a faultcalled their own
For this
acquire thebody of tathagata thatisapart from all faults.
bodies.Therefore,
bocthisattvas
their own bodtypes of meditation]
with theirpower observing
reason, bocthisattvas
[fbur
practice
6)
ieswhich are composed of fourelements becausethey experience goodness.
Also
to another
-1263-
The JapaneseAssociation
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and
and Buddhist
Buddhist Studies
Studies
ksHi)
(200)Meaningof theThirty-SevenPracticesteAttainEnlightenmentforBoduisattvas(S,
means
adopting
pointsout that acquisition of bocthisattvas
tathligata,
etc. by using this
canonical citation from theAk$.In addition, AksT,
In this manner,
the body
of
a commentary
the SAVBh
theAk$
of
fourtypes ofmeditation
not explain
yana buddhistthoughts,
such
as
Sthiramati
intends
to emphasize
canonical
to Vhsubandhu,givescountenance
atmbuted
citations
of meditation.
7)
forbod]iisattvas
by using
body
of
canonical
ci-
AlthoughVasubandhudoes
the technical term
ofmaha-
fourtypes ofmeditations
the
to two
forbocthisattvas
by
of
means
Aks.
4. Conclusion
In thispaper,we inyestigated
explanations
enment,
fourtypes
especially
with canonical
citations
ofrneditations
from the KP
of
forbocthisattvas,
which
tioningthatthe thirty-seven
to attain
practices
tain enlightenment
as
as
enlightenment
boclhisattva's
trainingmethod
the thirty-seven
practicesto attain
the KP
tions ad MSABh
of
ofthe
bocthisattvas
are
men-
to
similar
explains
fbrbocthisattvas
on the basis
ofcanonical
and the
XVIII,
enlightenment
enlight-
attain
Sthirarnati's
discussion
isthe subject
those ofSrtn,ahas,
citations such
except
citations
citations:
from the KP
however,cornmentaries
and
of
the descriptive
play an important
partofemphasizing
passages in the SAVBh dependingon
Ybgacara theory in Mahdyana Buddhism. Therefbre,the SAVBh is successfu1 in empha-
bocthisattvas'
superiority
sizing
thatfuture
research
mend
and
SAVBh, fbcuson
volving
the KP
and
on
on
the basisofthese
canonical
citations.
relationships
with
Thus, we
recom-
as the
MSABh
such
in-
theAks.
<Notes>
1) See MAYT 89,12-90,13.
2 ) dran pa nye bar gzhag pa rnam par dbye ba'i tshigs su bcad pa gsum ste zhes bya ba la/
tshogs kyi skabs bshadpa'iijes
labyang chub kyiphyogs kyichos sum cu rtsabdun bshadpar
pa ci yod snyam na de ltartshogs bsagspa des nyon mongs pa dang shes bya'i sgrib pa spang ba'i
bsgom) par byed de de basna tshogskyiijes
labyang chub
phyirbyangchub kyiphyogs lasgom (P.:
'bre1
-1264-
The JapaneseAssociation
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and Buddhist
Buddhist Studies
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ksHi)(201)
Meaning ofthe Thirty-Seven
Practices
toAttain
Enlightenment
fbrBocthisattvas
(S.
to X(P.:ll)
de layang dranpa nye bargzhagpa bzhi bsgom pa ni
kyiskabs bshadpar
D.Tsi 103a2-3)
tshigssu bcad pa gsum gyisbstan to f!(SAVBh
bsod nams ye shes so /f(18-38ab)zhes
3 ) byang chub sems dpa'i tshogs dag ni 1 mi mnyam
bya ba'itshigs su bcadpa gcig gistshogs gang yin pa dang 1gang giphyirtshogs su gyurpa de ston te
1de la byang chub sems dpa'itshogs ni rnarn pa gnyistefbsod nams kyi tshogs dang ye shes kyi
tshogs so f!byang chub sems dpa'ibsod nams dang ye shes kyi tshogs ni bdag dang serns can thams
cad kyi don du bsags pas ni nyan thos lasogs pa'i tshogs las
pa zhes
pa'iphyirmi mnyam
bya'o!/de basna dkon mchog brtsegs
pa'imdo laskyangfbyang chub sems dpa'rnams kyiye shes
k itshogsni phyogs bcu'inam mkha' 1taburblta'o
!/nyan thos rnams kyi ye shes kyitshogs ni yun s
mlcha'i khyon tsam du blta'o
!fbyan chub sems dpa'ibsod nams
srin bus zos
a'i nang gi nam
kyi tshogs ni
rgya mtsho'i
chu ltabur blta'o!!nyan thos kyibsod nams
kyi tshogs ni phyogs bzhi'i
zhes gsungs so 1!
ni tshogs gang yin pa bstanto !1(SAVBhD.
ba'irmig ijes ichu ltabur blta'o
Tsi101a3-6)
4) See Otake[2008:
242-243].
can rnams
kyi lus la sogs pa la dmigs pa'iphyirro zhes bya ba la/
5) jiltardmigs she na/sems
jiltardmigs pa'imam pas khyad zhugs she na1nyan thos lasogs pa ni bdag gi lusdang tshorba la
sogs pa tsam zhig ladmgs shing sgom
par byed kyi1byangchub sems dpa'rnams ni bdag dang sems
lus dang!tshor ba la sogs pa ladmigs par byed do !fde bas na dmigs pa khyad
can thams cad kyi
kyiphyogs
'brel
'phags
'bru
'dis
bl
zhugssof!debasnaIE!t!ggE-?a-!l!g-g!gE-u}i-zgg-RglUuE!g
mdolaskyangljiltarnabyangchubsemsdpa'
su lta
zhing
de bdag gi lusdang gzhan gyi luslaluskyiejes
D.: 104b5-7)
gnas te zhes bya ba lasogs pa gsungs so 1!(SirvBh
6 ) jiltarthob pa zhe na 1lus la sogs pa dang bral ba yang ma yin ma bral ba yang ma yinpa'i
phyir ro zhes bya ba la 1jiltarthob parkhyad zhugs she na1 nyan thos lasogs pa ni lusdang tshor ba
lasogs pa dang bralbarbya ba'iphyirsgom gyi1byang chub sems dpa'rnams ni bral bar bya ba'i
barbya ba'iphyir sgom pa yang ma yin pas thob pa'irnam
phyir sgom pa yang ma yin te f mi
ba yang ma yinzhe na fdc bZhingshegs pa'isku gsum dang mi
pas khyadzhugs so 11jiltar
ba yang ma yin no fljiltar
mi
ba yang ma yin
zhing de thob par bya ba'iphyir bsgoms pas
ba
zhe na 1 lasdang nyon mongs pas bskyed pa'ilusdang bralbarbya ba'iphyir bsgoms pasmi
yang ma yin no /1yang na sku gsum thob par bya ba'iphyir lus dang yang bralbarmi byed de ! lus
ba yang ma yinte ! lus dang nyon mollgs
labrtennas sku gsum dgos pas na'o zhes bya ba Ia mi
la chags par byasna so so'i
ba'irang bzhindbu ba'igong bu ltabu
pas bskyedpa'ilussdug bsngal
dang
baryang byed do
skye bo bzhin du rtag tu
bargnas par
ba'iphyir1lus ni
/fde bas na
pa blogros mi zad pa'imdo laskyangflus kyi sngon gyi mtha' layang rtogflus
labdag girmi bya'i bdag lussnying o med
kyiphyima'i mtha' layang rtog ces bya ba nas1lus
de
rgyabarbya'ofl ltastefsnying po gang zhe na1gang
pa la snymg po mn on par
'e'i
a'i sku/khams
sku!mi
shigs pa'isku!brtan
bzhingshegspa'isku1chos
gsum
kyisku1rdo
tharnscad lasbye bragtu' hagspa'i sku de bdag gisbs b ar bya'o llbdag gi lusnyes a du rna'i
skyon
chags mod
kyi!debzhingshegs pa'isku nyes pa thamscad dang bralba rab tu thobparbya'o
ba chen po'ignaskyilus la spyod do
ffdes legspa mthong bas na so sor rtog pa'istobs kyis
nal
'bral
'bral
'bral
'bral
'bral
'bral
'di
'bral
'di
'gyur
'khor
'di
'di
'bral
'phags
'di
'di
'tshang
'di
'di
'byung
1265 -
The JapaneseAssociation
The
Japanese Association
of
ofIndian
Indian and
and Buddhist
Buddhist Studies
Studies
(202)Meaningofthe
Thirty-Seven
Practices
toAttain
Enlightenment
forBoduisattvas
Kism)
(S.
zhes
<Abbreviations>
Ak$
'phagspa
'i
zadpas
AlcsT
1-ue
KPT
'phags
'u
'odsrungs
MAVT .
'or'i
'grelpa
Vasubandhu,MZidhydntaribhaga-bhlisya.
Nago, G ed., Tokyo, 1964.
SAVBhvinsg
Sthiramati,
Siitrdlaptkbravrttibhdsya.
D No. 4034, P No. 553 1
Vinis'cayasamgraha4i.
D No. 4038, P No. 5539.
.
<References>
Braarvig,
Jens.1993. AksayamatinirdeSastitna.
2 vols. Oslo: Solum Forlag.
OtakeSusumu Jit'i')-g.
2008. Dai h6shakuky6ron ltXMfiit.Ibkyo: Shinkokuyaku daiz6kyOM
aswtftwtE14.Ibkyo: DaizO Shuppan.
<Keywords>MdhdyZinasijtralarpkiirabhtisya,
Sthiramati,saptatrim.
Sad
bodhipaksadharma,AksayamatinirdaiasfitraSiitralarpkiiravrttibhasya,
Student,TbulcubaUniversity)
(Graduate
-1266-