Professional Documents
Culture Documents
SITAMARHI
Class X
S.A.-II Maths
I.I.T.Foundation, N.T.S.E. & Olympiad
Study Package
Session: 2014-15
Office: Rajopatti, Dumra Road, Sitamarhi (Bihar), Pin-843301
Ph.06226-252314 , Mobile:9431636758, 9931610902
Website: www.brilliantpublicschool.com; E-mail: brilliantpublic@yahoo.com
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
TOPICS
Circles
Constructions
Trigonometry
Heights and Distances
Mensuration
Statistics
Probability
PAGES
1-5
6-12
13-20
21-26
26-39
40-54
55-58
CIRCLES
9.1
CIRCLE
A circle is the locus of a points which moves in a plane in such a way that its distance from a fixed point
remains constant.
9.2
SECANT AND TANGENT :
Secant to a circle is a line which intersects the circle in two distinct points.
A tangent to a circle is a line that intersects the circle in exactly one point.
9.3
THEOREM :
Statement :
A tangent to a circle i perpendicular to the radius through the point of contact.
Given :
To prove :
Construction :
Proof:
OQ > OP ( OP = OR)
Thus, OP is shorter than any other segment joining O to any point of AB.
Hence, OP AB.
9.4
THEORM :
Statement :
Lengths of two tangents drawn from an external point to a circle are equal.
Given:
AP and AQ are two tangents drawn from a point A to a circle C (O, r).
To prove :
AP = AQ
Construction : Join OP, OQ and OA.
Proof :
AO = AO
[Common]
OQ = OP
[Radius]
Result
: :
Result
(i)
twotangents
tangentsare
are
drawn
a circle
from
external
point,
then
they
subtend
equal
angles
(i)
If Iftwo
drawn
to to
a circle
from
anan
external
point,
then
they
subtend
equal
angles
at at
the
the centre.
[By CPCT]
OAP
OAQ
= [By
centre.
CPCT]
OAQ
= OAP
twotangents
tangents are
are drawn
from
an external
point,point,
they are
inclinedinclined
to the to the
(ii)(ii)
If Iftwo
drawn totoa acircle
circle
from
an external
theyequally
are equally
segment,
joining
the
centre
that
pointOAQ
[By
CPCT]
OAQ= =OAP
OAP[By
CPCT]
segment,
joining
the
centre
toto
that
point
Ex. 1
If all the sides of a parallelogram touches a circle, show that the parallelogram is a rhombus.
Sol.
gm
Proof :
gm
ABCD is a rhombus.
AP = AS
.......(i)
BP = BQ
.......(ii)
CR = CQ
.......(iii)
DR = DS
........(iv)
[Tangents drawn from an external point to a circle are equal]
Adding (1), (2), (3) and (4), we get
AP + BP + CR + DR = AS + BQ + CQ + DS
AB + CD = AD + BC
AB + AB = AD + AD
[In a
But
2AB = 2AD or AB = AD
AB = CD AND AD = BC
[Opposite sides of a
AB = BC = CD = DA
Hence,
Ex.2
So.
gm
gm
ABCD is a rhombus.
A circle touches the BC of a ABC at P and touches AB and AC when produced at Q and R respectively
1
as shown in figure, Show that = (Perimeter of ABC).
2
Given : A circle is touching side BC of ABC at P and touching AB and AC when produced at Q and R
respectively.
1
(perimeter of ABC)
2
Proof :
AQ = AR
.......(i)
.......(ii)
BQ = BP
CP = CR
........(iii)
[Tangents drawn from and external point to a circle are equal]
Now, perimeter of ABC
= AB + BC + CA
= AB + BP + PC + CA
= (AB + BQ) + (CR + CA)
= AQ + AR = AQ + AQ
1
AQ = (perimeter of ABC).
2
To prove :
Ex.3
Sol.
AQ =
Prove that the tangents at the extremities of any chord make equal angles with the chord.
Let AB be a chord of a circle with centre O, and let AP and BP be the tangents at A and B respectively.
Suppose, the tangents meet at point P. Join OP. Suppose OP meets AB at C.
Ex.4
Sol.
[By CPCT]
PAC = PBC
Prove that the segment joining the points of contact of two parallel tangents passes through the centre.
Let PAQ and RBS be two parallel tangents to a circle with centre O. Join OA and OB. Draw OC PQ Now,
PA CO
COA = 900
Similarly, CON = 900
The length of the tangent drawn from a point 8 cm away from the centre of a circle of radius 6 cm is
2.
(A) 7 cm
(B) 2 7 cm
(C) 10 cm
(D) 5 cm
A tangent PQ at a point P of a circle of radius 5 cm meets a line through the centre O at a point Q, so that
OQ = 12 cm. Length of PQ is :
(A) 12 cm
3.
4.
5.
(B) 13 cm
(C) 8.5 cm
(D)
119 cm
If tangents PA and PB from a point P to a circle with centre O are inclined to each other at an angle of 800
then POA is equal to
0
0
0
0
(B) 60
(C) 70
(D) 80
(A) 50
Two circle touch each other externally at C and AB is a common tangent to the circle. Then ACB =
0
0
0
0
(A) 60
(B) 45
(C) 30
(D) 90
ABC is a right angled triangle, right angled at B such that BC = 6 am and AB = 8 cm. A circle with centre O
is inscribed in ABC. The radius of the circle is
(A) 1 cm
(B) 2 cm
(C) 3 cm
(D) 4 cm
ABCD is a quadrilateral such than D = 90 . A circle C (O, r) touches the sides AB, BC, CD and DA at P,
Q, R and S respectively. If BC = 38 cm, CD = 25 cm and BP = 27 cm, find r.
Two concentric circles are of radius 5 cm and 3 cm. Find the length of the chord of the larger circle which
touches the smaller circle.
In a circle of radius 5 cm, AB and AC are two chords, such that AB = AC = 6 cm. Find the length of chord
BC.
The radius of the incircle of a triangle is 4 cm and the segments into which one side is divided by the point
of contact are 6 cm and 8 cm. Determine the other two sides of the triangle.
In figure, and m are two parallel tangents at P and R. The tangent at Q makes an intercept ST between
and m. Prove that SOT = 900
6.
PQR is a right angled triangle with PQ = 12 cm and QR = 5 cm. A circle with centre O and radius x is
inscribed in PQR. Find the value of x.
7.
From an external point P, two tangents PA and PB are drawn to the circle with centre O. Prove that OP is
the perpendicular dissector of AB.
Two tangent TP and TQ are drawn to a circle with centre O from an external point T. Prove
that PTQ = 2OPQ .
8.
9.
10.
A circle touches the sides of a quadrilateral ABCD at P, Q, R, S respectively. Show that the angles
subtended at the centre by a pair of opposite sides are supplementary.
In figure, a circle touches all the four sides of a quadrilateral ABCD with AB= 6 cm, BC = 7 cm and CD = 4
cm. Find AD.
[CBSE - 2002]
11.
Prove that the lengths of the tangents drawn from an external point to a circle are equal.
Using the above, do the following :
In figure, TP and TQ are tangents from T to the circle with centre O and R is any point on the circle. If AB is
a tangent to the circle at R, prove that
TA + AR = TB + BR.
[CBSE - 208]
12.
13.
In figure OP is equal to diameter of the circle. Prove that ABP is an equilateral triangle.
[CBSE - 2008]
ANSWERS
(Objective DPP 9.1)
Qus.
Ans.
14 cm 2.
8 cm
3.
9.6 cm 4.
6.
2 cm
3 cm
12.
1000
10.
13 cm and 15 cm
[CBSE - 2008]
CONSTRUCTION
10.1
Ex.1
Sol.
The point P so obtained is the required point, which divides AB internally in the ratio 3 : 2.
10.2
Steps of Construction :
(i)
Draw a line segment AB of length 6 cm.
Draw any ray AX making an acute angle BAX with AB.
(ii)
(iii)
Draw a ray BY parallel to AX by making ABY equal to BAX .
(iv)
Mark of three point A 1,A2,A3 on AX and 4 points B1, B2m B3, B4 on BY such that AA1 = A1A2 = A 2A3
= BB1 = B1B2 = B2B3 = B2B4.
(v)
Join A3B4. Suppose it intersects AB at a point P.
Then, P is the point dividing AB internally in the ratio 3:4.
10.3
Ex.3
Sol.
m
Triangle ABC is the required triangle each of whose side is of the corresponding side of ABC.
n
Construction a ABC in which AB = 5 cm, BC = 6 cm and AC = 7 cm. Now, construct a triangle similar to
ABC such that each of its side is two-third of the corresponding side of ABC.
Steps of Construction
(i) Draw a line segment AB = 5 cm.
(ii) With A as centre and radius AC = 7 cm, draw an arc.
(iii) With B as centre and BC= 6 cm, draw another arc, intersecting the arc draw in step (ii) at C.
(iv) Join AC and BC to obtain ABC.
(v) Below AB, make an acute angle BAX .
2
(vi) Along AX, mark off three points (greater of 2 and 3 in ) A1,A2,A3 such that AA1 = A1A 2 = A2A3.
3
(vi) Join A3B.
A3B, meeting AB at B.
Steps of Construction when m > n: (i) Construct the given triangle by using the given data.
(ii) Take any of the three sides of the given triangle and consider it as the base. Let AB be the base of the
given triangle.
(iii) At one end, say A, of base AB construct an acute angle BAX below base AB
i.e. on the composite side of the vertex C.
(iv) Along AX, mark-off m (large of m and n) points A1, A2,.....Am on AX such that AA1 = A1A2 = .... Am-1 Am.
(v) Join An to B and draw a line through Am parallel to An B, intersecting the extended line segment AB at B.
(vi) Draw a line through B parallel to BC intersecting the extended line segment AC at C.
(vii) ABC so obtained is the required triangle.
Ex.4
Sol.
Draw a triangle ABC with side BC = 7 cm, B = 45 , A = 150 Construct a triangle whose side are (4/3)
times the corresponding side of ABC.
In order to construct ABC, follow the following steps :
(i)
Draw BC = 7 cm.
(ii)
At B construct CBX = 450 and at C construct BCY = 1800 - (450 + 1050) = 300
Suppose BC and CY intersect at A. ABC so obtained is the given triangle.
(iii)
Construct an acute angle CBZ at B on opposite side of vertex A of ABC.
4
(iv) Mark-off four (greater of 4 and 3 in ) points, B1,B2,B3,B4 on BZ such that BB2 - B1B2 = V2B3 = B 3B4.
3
(v)
Join B3 ( the third point) to C and draw a line through B4 parallel to B3C, intersecting the extended
line segment BC at C.
(vi)
Draw a line through C parallel to CA intersecting the extended line segment BA at A Triangle
ABC so obtained is the required triangle such that
A ' B' BC' A ' C' 4
=
=
=
AB
BC
AC
3
Ex.5
Sol.
Draw a circle of diameter 6 cm with centre O. Draw a diameter AOB. Through A or B draw tangent to the
circle.
Given : A circle with centre O and a point P on it.
Required : To draw tangent to the circle at B or A.
Steps of Construction.
(i) With O as centre and radius equal to 3 cm ( 6 2 ) draw a circle.
(ii) Draw a diameter AOB.
(iii) Draw CD AB.
(iv) So. CD is the required tangent.
10.4 (b) To Draw the Tangent to a Circle at a Given Point on it, When the Centre of the Circle is not Known :
Given : A circle and a point P on it.
Required : To draw the tangent to the circle at P.
Steps of Construction
(i) Draw any chord PQ and Joint P and Q to a point R in major arc PQ (or minor arc PQ).
(ii) Draw QPB equal to PRQ and on opposite side of chord PQ.
The line BPA will be a tangent to the circle at P.
Ex.6
Sol.
Draw a circle of radius 4.5 cm. Take a point P on it. Construct a tangent at the point P without using the
centre of the circle. Write the steps of construction.
Given : To draw a tangent to a circle at P.
Steps of Construction
(i) Draw a circle of radius = 4.5 cm.
(ii) Draw a chord PQ, from the given point P on the circle.
(iii) Take a point R on the circle and joint PR and QR.
10
(iv) Draw QPB = PRQ on the opposite side of the chord PQ.
(v) Produce BP to A. Thus, APB is the required tangent.
10.4 (c) To Draw the Tangent to a Circle from a Point Outside it (External Point) When its Centre is known :
Given : A circle with centre O and a point P outside it.
Required : To construct the tangents to the circle from P.
Steps of Construction :
(i) Join OP and bisect it. Let M be the mid point of OP.
(ii) Taking M as centre and MO as radius, draw a circle to intersect C (O, r) in two points, say A and B
(iii) Join PA and PB. These are the required tangents from P to C(O,r)
Ex.7
Sol.
Draw a circle of radius 2.5 cm. From a point P, 6 cm apart from the centre of a circle, draw two tangents to
the circle.
Given : A point P is at a distance of 6 cm from the centre of a circle of radius 2.5 cm
Required : To draw two tangents to the circle from the given point P.
Steps of Construction :
(i) Draw a circle of radius 2.5 cm. Let it centre be O.
(ii) Join OP and bisect it. Let M be mid-point of OP.
(iii) Taking M as centre and MO as radius draw a circle to intersect C in two points, say A and B.
(iv) Join PA and PB. These are the required tangents from P to C.
10.4 (d) To Draw Tangents to a Circle From a Point Outside it (When its Centre is not Known):
Given : P is a point outside the circle.
Required : To draw tangents from a point P outside the circle.
Steps of Construction :
(i) Draw a secant PAB to intersect the circle at A and B.
(ii) Produce AP to a point C, such that PA = PC.
(iii) With BC as a diameter, draw a semicircle.
(iv) Draw PD CB, intersecting the semicircle at D.
(v) Taking PD as radius and P as centre, draw arcs to intersect the circle at T and T.
(iv) Join PT and PT. Then, PT and PT are the required tangents.
11
Ex.8
Draw a circle of radius 3 cm. From a point P, outside the circle draw two tangents to the circle without using
the centre of the circle.
Given : A point P is outside the circle of radius 3 cm.
Required : To draw two tangents to the circle from the point P, without the use of centre.
Steps of constructing
(i) Draw a circle of radius 3 cm.
(ii) Take a point P outside the circle and draw a secant PAB, intersecting the circle at A and B.
(iii) Produce AP to C such that AP = CP.
(iv) Draw a semicircle, wit CB as a diameter.
(v) Draw PD AB, intersecting the semi-circle AT D.
(vi) With PD as radius and P as centre draw two arcs to intersect the given circle at T and T.
(vii) Joint PT and PT. Which are the required tangents.
Draw a circle of radius 2.5 cm. Take a point P on it. Draw a tangent to the circle at the point P.
From a point P on the circle of radius 4 cm, draw a tangent to the circle without using the centre. Also, write
steps of construction.
Draw a circle of radius 3.5 cm. Take a point P on it. Draw a tangent to the circle at the point P, without using
the centre of the circle.
Draw a circle of radius 3 cm. Take a point P at a distance of 5.6 cm from the centre of the circle. From the
point P, draw two tangents to the circle.
Draw a circle of radius 4.5 cm. Take point P outside the circle. Without using the centre of the circle, draw
two tangents to the circle from the point P.
Construct a triangle ABC, similar to a given equilateral triangle PQR with side 5 cm. such that each of its
side is 6/7th of the corresponding side of the PQR.
Construct a triangle ABC. similar to a given isosceles triangle PQR with QR = 5 cm, PR = PQ = cm, such
that each of its side is 5/3 of the corresponding sides of the PQR.
Draw a line segment AB = 7 cm. Divide it externally in the ratio of
(i) 3 : 5
(ii) 5 : 3
Draw a ABC with side BC = 6 cm, AB = 5cm and ABC = 600. Construct a ABC similar to ABC
3
such that sides of ABC are
of the corresponding sides of ABC.
[CBSE - 2008]
4
12
TRIGONOMETRY
11.1
TRIGONOMETRY :
Trigonometry means, the science which deals with the measurement of triangles.
A right angled triangle is shown in Figure. B Is of 900 Side opposite to B be called hypotenuse. There
are two other angles i.e. A and C . It we consider C as , then opposite side to this angle is called
Perpenicul ar P AB
= =
Hypotenuse H AC
cos es =
cos =
Base
B BC
= =
Hypotenuse H AC
sec =
Hypotenuse H AC
= =
Base
B BC
tan =
Perpendicular P AB
= =
Base
B BC
cot =
Base
B BC
= =
Parpendicular P AB
cot =
cot
tan
1
1
cos =
sec =
sec
cos
1
1
sin =
cos ec =
cos ec
sin
We also observe that
tan =
sin
cos
cot =
cos
sin
13
Hypoteuse
H AC
= =
Perpendicular P AB
30
Sin
1
2
Cos
Tan
Cot
Not
defined
Sec
Cosec
Not
defined
45
60
Not
defined
3
2
3
2
3
2
1
2
1
2
1
(ii)
1 + tan 2 = sec 2
(iii)
1 + cot 2 = cos ec 2
sin2 = 1 cos2
cos2 = 1 sin 2
(A)
sec 2 1 = tan2
(B)
sec 2 tan2 = 1
(C)
tan2 sec 2 = 1
2
cos ec 1 = cot 2
(B)
cos ec 2 cot 2 = 1
(C)
cot 2 cos ec 2 = 1
(A)
(B)
(A)
EX.1
Sol.
3
2
1
2
(i)
90
2
16 = p
P = cm
sin = =
H 5
B 3
cos = =
H 5
P 4
tan = =
B 3
B 3
cot = =
P 4
H 5
sec = =
B 3
H 5
cos ec = =
P 4
14
Not
defined
1
Ex.2
Sol.
m
, then find sin .
n
Let P = m and B = n
P m
tan = =
B n
H2 = P2 + B2
H2 = m 2 2 + n 2 2
If tan =
H = m2 + n2
tan =
P
ma
=
H a m2 + n2
m
sin =
m + n2
Ex.3
Sol.
13
the prove than tan2A-sing2A = sin4A sec 2 A.
5
Hypotenuse
13
We hare coses A =
=
5
Perpendicular
So, we draw a right triangle ABC, right angled at C such that hypotenuse AB = 13 units and perpendicular
BC = 5 units
B Pythagoras theorem,
AB2 = BC2 + AC2 (13)2 = (5)2 + AC2
AC2 = 169 - 25 = 144
If cosec A =
AC =
and
144 = 12 units
5
BC
tan A =
=
AC 12
BC
5
sin A =
=
AB 13
AB 13
sec A =
=
AC 12
L.H.S. tan2 A - Sin 2 A
2
5
5
=
12
13
=
5
13
=
13
12
25
25
144 169
5 4 13 2
13 4 12 2
25(169 144)
54
= 2
144 169
13 12 2
25 25
25 25
=
=
144 169
144 169
So, L.H.S. = R.H.S.
Hence Proved.
In ABC, right angled at B. AC + AB = 9 cm. Determine the value of cot C, cosec C, sec C.
In ABC, we have
(AC)2 = (AB)2 + BC2
(9 - AB)2 = AB 2 + (3)2
[ AC + AB = 9cm AC = 9 - AB]
72 - 18 AB = 0
72
AB =
= 4 cm.
18
Now , AC + AB = 9 cm
AC = 9 - 4 = 5 cm
BC 3
AC
5
AC 5
= , cosec C =
= , sec C =
= .
So, cot C =
BC 3
AB 4
AB
4
=
Ex.4
Sol.
15
Ex.5
Sol.
Given that cos (A - B) = cos A cos B + Sin B, find the value of cos 150.
Putting A = 450 and B = 300
We get cos (450 - 300) = cos 450 cos 300 + sin 450 sin 300
Ex.6
Sol.
cos 150. =
cos 150 =
3 +1
3
1 1
+
2
2 2
2 2
A Rhombus of side of 10 cm has two angles of 600 each. Find the length of diagonals and also find its area.
Let ABCD be a rhombus of side 10 cm and BAD = BCD = 600 . Diagonals of parallelogram bisect each
other.
S, AO = OC and BO = OD
In right triangle AOB
OB
OA
sin 300 =
cos 300 =
AB
AB
1 OB
3 OA
=
=
2 10
2
10
OB = 5 cm
BD = 2 (OB)
OA = 5 3
AC = 2(OA)
BD = 2(5)
AC = 2 (5 3 )
BD = 10 cm
AC = 10 3 cm
1
AC BD
2
Area of Rhombus =
1
10 3 10
2
= 50 3cm 2.
Ex.7
Sol.
Evaluate :
cos ec 57 tan 33
2
3
1
2
+
+ 2 sin2 380 cos ec 2 380
cot 730 tan 730 3
sec 2 330 tan 2 330
2
3
1
1
1
2
1
2
0
0
= + 2 sin 38
+
Ex.8
1
1
9
= .
+2 = 5
2
2
2
Prove that : cos ec( 650 + ) sec( 250 ) tan( 550 ) + cot( 350 + ) = 0
Sol.
= 1+ 2
.(i)
..(ii)
R.H.S.
16
Ex.9
Sol.
sin cos
=
2 cos2 1
sin cos
cos
sin
cos2 sin2
sin cos
cos2 (1 cos2 )
sin cos
[ sin2 = 1 cos 2 ]
cos 2 1 + cos 2
2 cos 2 1
R.H.S.
=
sin cos
sin cos
Ex.10 Prove that : (coses A sin A) (sec A cos A) (tan A + cot A) = 1.
Sol.
L.H.S. (cosec A sin A) (sec A cos A) (tan A + cot A)
1
1
sin A cos A
=
sin A
cos A
+
sin A
cos A
cos A sin A
=
1 sin2 A 1 cos 2 A
=
sin A cos A
Hence Proved.
sin2 A + cos 2 A
sin A cos A
cos 2 A sin2 A
1
=
[ sin2 A + cos2 A = 1]
sin A cos A sin A cos A
R.H.S.
Hence Proved.
=1
2
Ex. 11 If sin + cos = m and sec + cos ec = n, then prove that n (m - 1) = 2m.
Sol.
L.H.S. n(m 2 - 1)
= (sec + cos ec)[(sin + cos )2 1]
1
1
=
+
(sin2 + cos 2 + 2 sin cos 1)
cos
sin
cos + sin
=
(1 + 2 sin cos 1)
sin cos
(cos + sin )
=
( 2 sin cos )
sin cos
= 2(sin + cos )
= 2m
Ex.12 If sec = x +
Sol.
R.H.S.
Hence Proved.
1
1
.
, then prove that sec + tan = 2 x or
4x
2x
1
4x
1 + tan2 = sec 2
tan2 = sec 2 1
tan2 = x 2 +
tan2 = x 2 +
.....(i)
sec = x +
So,
1
16x 2
1
16x
tan2 = x
4x
1
tan = x
4x
+ 2 x
+
tan 2 = x +
1
4x
tan = x
4x
tan = x
4x
1
1
4x
1
1
2
.(ii)
17
tan = x
4x
..(iii)
or
sec + tan = x +
1
1
+x
4x
4x
sec + tan = 2x
Adding equation (i) and (ii)
sec + tan = x +
1
1
x+
4x
4x
1
2x
1
Hence, sec + tan + 2x or
.
2x
Ex.13 If is an acute angle and tan + cot =2 find the value of tan9 + cot9
Sol.
We have, tan + cot = 2
1
tan +
=2
tan
=
tan 2 + 1
=2
tan
tan2 + 1 = 2 tan
tan2 2 tan + 1 = 0
(tan 1)2 = 0
tan 1 = 0
tan = 1
tan = tan 450
= 450
tan9 + cot 9
tan9 450 + cot 9 450
(tan 45)9 + (cot 45)0
=
=
(1)9 + (1)9
2.
If + =
2 2
2
3
(C)
(D)
3
3
4
5 sin 3 cos
If 5 tan = 4, then value of
is
5 sin + 2 cos
1
1
4
2
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
3
6
5
3
If 7 sin = 24 cos ; 0 < < , then value of 14 tan 75 cos 7 sec is equal to
2
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
2
Given 3 + 5 cos ; = 5, then the value of ( 3 cos 5 sin ) is equal to
(A)
2.
3.
4.
(A) 9
2
3
1
and = , then sin is
3
2
(B)
(B)
9
5
(C)
18
1
3
(D)
1
9
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
tan
is equal to
If tan = 4, then
sin3
+ sin cos
cos
(A) 0
(B) 2 2
The value of tan 50 tan 100 tan 150 200 .... tan 850, is
(B) 2
(A) 1
As x increases from 0 to
the value of cos x
2
(A) increases (B) decreases (C) remains constant
(C)
(C) 3
(D) 1
(D) None of these
2
6
3
4
Find the value of x from the equation x sin cos
=
6
4 cos ec 2 cos ec
4
6
(A) 4
(B) 6
(C) - 2
(D) 0
The area of a triangle is 12 sq. cm. Two sides are 6 cm and 12 cm. The included angle is
1
1
1
1
(B) cos 1
(C) sin1
(D) sin1
(A) cos 1
3
6
6
3
1
2
(B) 0
(C) 1
(D) 2
Evaluate :
sin cos sin(900 ) cos sin cos( 900 ) sin2 27 0 + sin2 630
(A)
+
+
cos( 900 )
sin(90 0 )
cos 2 400 + cos 2 500
(B) cos 100 cos 20 cos 30 cos 1800
C) sin(500 + ) cos( 400 ) + tan 10 tan 200 tan 700 tan 800 tan 890
(D)
3.
+ 2 cos ec 2 580 2 cot 580 tan 320 4 tan 130 tan 370 tan 450 tan 530 tan 770
sec 2 50 cot 2 400
sec cos ec
1
3
.
If cot = , prove that
=
sec + cos ec
4
7
0
If A + B = 90 , prove that :
(E)
2.
2
1
(cos4 300 sin4 450 ) 3(sin2 600 sec 2 450 ) + cot 2 300
3
4
= tan A
sin A sec B
cos2 A
4.
5.
6.
7.
tan
cot
+
= sec cos ec + 1
1 cot 1 tan
[CBSE - 2008]
19
10.
11.
1 sin
= sec tan
1 + sin
sin A + cos A sin A cos A
2
2
+
=
=
sin A + cos A sin A + cos A sin2 A cos 2 A 1 2 cos 2 A
(sin + sec )2 + (cos + cos ec)2 = (1 + sec cos ec)2
(1 + cot cos ec)(1 + tan + sec ) = 2
12.
8.
9.
14.
15.
16.
17.
13.
18.
19.
20.
p2 1
p2 + 1
cos2 B cos2 A
2
22.
23.
24.
25.
sin2 A sin2 B
[CBSE - 2005]
cos B cos A
sin2 A sin2 B
1
1
1
1
1
Prove that :
=
=
2
Prove : (1 + tan A) + 1 +
=
tan2 A sin2 A sin4 A
Evaluate :
tan 70 tan 230 tan 600 tan 670 tan 830 +
21.
[CBSE - 2004]
= sin
[CBSE - 2005]
[CBSE - 2006]
cot 540
0
0
+ sin 20 sec 70 2.
tan 360
Without using trigonometric tables, evaluate the following :
[CBSE - 2007]
(sin2 650 + sin2 250) + 3 (tan 50 tan 150 tan 300 tan 750 tan 850)
If sin 3 = cos ( - 600) and 3 and - 600 are acute, find the value of
If sin = cos , find the value of .
1
If 7 sin2 + 3 cos2 = 4, show that tan =
3
Prove : sin (1 + tan ) + cos (1 + cot ) = sec + cosec .
[CBSE - 2008]
[CBSE - 2008]
[CBSE - 2008]
[CBSE - 2008]
[CBSE - 2008]
ANSWERS
(Objective DPP - 11.1)
Qus.
10
Ans.
(E)
-1
(A)
20
(B)
(C)
(D)
21.
22.
240
23.
450
113
24
20
ANGLE OF ELEVATION :
In order to see an object which is at a higher level
compared to the ground level we are to look up.
The line joining the object and the eye of the
observer is known as the line sight and the angle
which this line of sight makes with the horizontal
drawn through the eye of the observer is known as
the angle of elevation. Therefore, the angle of
elevation of an object helps in finding out its height
(figure)
12.2
ANGLE OF DEPRESSION :
When the object is at a lower level tan the
observers eyes, he has to look downwards to
have a view of the object. It that case, the angle
which the line of sight makes with the horizontal
thought the observers eye is known as the angle
of depression (Figure).
ILLUSTRACTIONS :
EX.1 A man is standing on the deck of a ship, which is 8 m above water level. He observes the angle of
elevations of the top of a hill as 600 and the angle of depression of the base of the hill as 300. Calculation
the distance of the hill from the ship and the height of the hill.
[CBSE = 2005]
Sol.
Let x be distance of hill from man and h + 8 be height of hill which is required.
is right triangle ACB.
tan 60 0 =
3=
AC h
=
BC x
h
x
1
3
8
x
Height of hill = h + 8 =
x=8 3
3.x + 8 =
( 3 )(8 3 )+ 8 = 32 m.
21
Ex.2
Sol.
A vertical tower stands on a horizontal plane and is surmounted by vertical flag staff of height 5 meters. At a
point on the plane, the angle of elevation of the bottom and the top of the flag staff are respectively 300 and
600 find the height of tower.
[CBSE-2006]
Let AB be the tower of height h metre and BC be the height of flag staff surmounted on the tower, Let the
point of the place be D at a distance x meter from the foot of the tower in ABD
tan 300 =
Ex.3
Sol.
AB
AD
h
x
..(i)
x = 3h
In ABD
AC
tan 600 =
AD
5+h
3=
x
5+h
x=
.(ii)
3
From (i) and (ii)
5+h
3 h
3
3h = 5 + h
2h = 5
=
x
3
[Alternate angles AX
( CB = DE = x)
x = 3(h 8)
In ACB
h
tan 450 =
x
h
1=
x
x=h
3 (h 8) = h
.(i)
.(ii)
3h 8 3 = h
3h h = 8 3
h( 3 1) = 8 3
h=
8 3
3 1
( 3 + 1)
3 +1
22
BC]
8 3( 3 + 1)
2
metres
h = 4(3 + 3 )
Form (ii) x = h
h=
So, x = 4(3 +
3)
h = 4 3 ( 3 + 1)
metres
Ex.4
Sol.
3 ) metres
1=
tan 45 =
(i)
y = 3000 m
y
EB
In CED
CD
tan 300 =
ED
1
3000
=
( AB = CD)
3 x+y
x + y = 3000 3
From equation (i) and (ii)
(ii)
x + 3000 = 3000 3
x = 3000 3 3000
x = 3000 (1.732 1)
x = 2196 m
Speed of Aeroplane
Sol.
x = 3000( 3 1)
2196
m / sec . = 146.4 m / sec .
15
2196 18
= 527.04 Km/hr
Km / hr
15
5
Hence, the speed of aeroplane is 527.04 Km/hr.
If the angle of elevation of cloud from a point h metres above a lake is and the angle of depression of its
2h sec
.
reflection in the lake is , prove that the distance of the cloud from the point of observation is
tan tan
Let AB be the surface of the lake and let C be a point of observation such that AC- h metres. Let D be the
position of the cloud and D be its reflection in the lake. Then BD = BD.
In DCE
=
Ex.5
tan =
CE =
DE
CE
H
tan
(i)
In CED
tan =
ED'
EC
h+H+h
tan
2h + H
(ii)
CE =
tan
CE =
23
=
tan
tan
Htan = 2h tan + H tan
2h tan
(iii)
tan tan
In DCE
DE
Sin =
CD
DE
CD =
sin
Substituting the value of H from (iii)
H=
2h tan
CD =
(tan tan ) sin
2h tan
CD =
tan tan
CD =
H
sin
sin
cos
CD =
(tan tan ) sin
2h
2h sec
Hence Proved.
tan tan
A boy is standing on the ground and flying a kite with 100 m of string at an elevation of 300. Another boy is
standing on the roof of a 10 m high building and is flying his kite at an elevation of 450. Both the boys are on
opposite sides of both the kites. Find the length of the string that the second boy must have so that the two
kites meet.
Let the length of second string b x m.
In ABC
AC
Sin 300 =
AB
1 AC
=
AC = 50 m
2 100
In AEF
AF
Sin 300 =
AE
1
AC FC
=
x
2
Ex.6
Sol.
50 10
x
[ AC = 50 m, FC = ED = 10 m]
40
x
x = 40 2m (So the length of string that the second boy must have so that the two kites meet =
40 2 m.)
2.
Upper part of a vertical tree which is broken over by the winds just touches the ground and makes an angle
of 300 with the ground. If the length of the broken part is 20 metres, then the remaining part of the trees is of
length (A) 20 metres
(B) 10 3 metres
(C) 10 metres
(D) 10 2 metres
The angle of elevation of the top of a tower as observed from a point on the horizontal ground is x. If we
move a distance d towards the foot of the tower, the angle of elevation increases to y, then the height of
the tower is
d tan x tan y
d tan x tan y
(B) d(tan y + tan x)
(C) d(tan y tan x)
(D)
(A)
tan y tan x
tan y + tan x
24
3.
The angle of elevation of the top of a tower, as seen from two points A & B situated in he same line and at
distances p and q respectively from the foot of the tower, are complementary, then the height of the tower
p
is
(A) pq
(B)
(C) pq
(D) noen of these
q
4.
50 3
metres from the foot is 600. Find the
3
5.
20
metres
(C) -50 metres
(D) 50 metres
3
The Shadow of a tower, when the angle of elevation of the sun is 300, is found to be 5 m longer than when
its was 450, then the height of tower in metre is
5
5
5
(A)
(B) ( 3 1)
(C) ( 3 + 1)
(D) None of these.
2
2
3 +1
(A) 50 3 metres
(B)
From the top a light house, the angles of depression of two ships of the opposite sides of it are observed to
be and . If the height of the light house be h meters and the line joining the ships passes thought the
h(tan + tan )
meters.
tan tan
A ladder rests against a wall at angle to the horizontal. Its foot is pulled away from the previous point
through a distance a, so that is slides down a distance b on the wall making an angle . With the
foot of the light house. Show that the distance between the ships is
2.
a cos cos
=
b
sin sin
From an aeroplanne vertically above a straight horizontal road, the angle of depression of two consecutive
kilometer stone on opposite side of aeroplane are observed to be and . Show that the height of
tan tan
kilometer.
tan + tan
A round balloon of radius r subtends an angle at the eye of an observer while the angle of elevation of
its centre is . Prove that the height of the centre of the balloon is r sin cosec .
2
A window in a building is at a height of 10 m from the ground. The angle of depression of a point P on the
ground from the window is 300. The angle of elevation of the top of the building from the point P is 600. Find
the height of the building.
A man on a cliff observers a boat at an angle of depression of 300 which is approaching the shore to the
point immediately beneath the observer with a uniform speed. Six minutes later, the angle of depression of
the boat is found to be 600. Find the total time taken by the boat from the initial point to reach the shore.
The angles of elevation of the top of a tower two points P and Q at distances of a and b respectively
from the base and in the same straight line with it, are complementary. Prove that the height of the tower
4.
5.
6.
7.
10
11
is ab .
[CBSE - 2004]
Two pillars of equal height are on either side of a road, which s 100m wide. The angles of elevation of the
0
0
top the pillars are 60 and 30 at a point on the road between the pillar. Find the position of the pint between
the pillars. Also find the height of each pillar,
[CBSE - 2005]
5
At a point, the angle of elevation of a tower is such that its tangent is
,On walking 240mnearer the tower,
12
3
the tangent to the angle of elevation becomes , Find the height of the tower.
[CBSE - 2006]
4
From a window xmtres high above the ground in a street, the angles of elevation and depression of the top
and foot of the other hose on the opposite side of the street are and respectively, Show that the
opposite house is x (1 + tan cot ) metres.
[CBSE - 2006]
A pole 5m high is fixed on the top of a towel, the angle of elevation of the top
of the pole observed from a
point A on the ground is 600 an the angle of depression the point ;A; from the top of the tower is 450 Find
[CBSE - 2007]
the height of the tower.
25
12
The angle of elevation of a jet fighter from a point A on the ground is 60 After a flight of 15 seconds, the
0
angle o elevation changes to 30 If the jet is flying at a spies of 720km/fr, find the constant height at which
the jet is flying. [use
[CBSE - 2008]
3 = 1.732]
ANSWERS
(Objective DPP 12 .1)
Q
A.
30 m
6.
9 min.
8. Height = 43.3 m, Position point is 25 m from 1st end and 75 m from 2nd end.
9.
225 m
11.
6.82 m
12.
2598 m.
MENSURATION
13.1
13.1
MENSRTION:
Figure lying in a plane is called a plane figure. A plane figure made up of lines or curve or both, is said to be
a closed figure if it has on free ends. Closed figure in a plane covers some part of the plane, then
magnitude o that part of the plane is called the area of that closed figure. the unit of measurement of that
part of the plane is called the area of that closed figure. the unit o measurement of area is square unit (i.e.
square centimeter, square metre etc.)
(a)Mensuration of a Triangle:
perimeter = a + b + c
1
Area = Base Height
2
1
= ah
2
Herons formula:
Area = s(s a)(s b)(s c )
Wheres = semi perimeter
a+b+c
2
26
13.1(e)Mensuration of a Rhombus:
Perimeter = 4a = 2
Area =
d12 + d22
1
d1d2
2
Area =
1
d(h1 + h2 )
2
1
h(a + b)
2
13.5(a) Semicircle:
Perimeter
= r + 2r = ( + 2)r
Area (A)
r 2
2
Semi-Circle
27
13.2(b)Sector:
Area (A)
r 2
3600
r
Length of arc ( ) =
1800
1
= r
Area(A)
2
Perimeter
= + 2r
Sector of a Circle
13.2(c)Segment :
Shaded portion in the figure id called segment of a circle.
Minor segment
Major segment
Minor Segment
Area of minor segment =Area of the sector -Area of triangle OAB
r 2 2
r 2 r 2
A=
r sin cos OR A =
sin
0
2
2
360
3600 2
Here, segment ACB is called manor segment while ADB is called major segment.
13.3
13.3
(a) Cuboid:
Total Surface Area (T.S.A.) : The area of surface from which cuboid is formed. There are six faces
(rectangular), eight vertices and twelve edges n a cuboid.
(i)Total Surface Area (T.S.A.) = 2[0215b + b h + h ]
= 2h[ + b]
2 + b 2 + h2
T.S,A
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
Length of altitude = x 3
= 2[ . x + x. x + x. x]
=2 2x2 + x2 + x2]= 2(3x2) = 6x2
28
= r
= C.S.A. + Other area
= r
= r ( + r )
(iii) Volume
1 2
r h
3
Where, h = height
r = radius of base
= slant height
4 3
r
3
= 3r 2
2
Volume = r 3
3
AC AB BC
=
=
AE AD DE
h1
r
=
= 1
h1 h 1 r2
Or
h1 1
r
=
= 1
h
r1 r2
29
Volume of Frustum
1 2
1 2
r1 h1 r2 (h1 h)
3
3
1 2
[r1 h1 r22 (h1 h)]
3
1 2 r1h 2 r1h
r2
r1
h =
3 r1 r2
r1 r2
1 r13 r 23
h
3 r1 r 2
1
h r12 + r22 + r1r 2
3
Curved Surface Area of Frustum
= r1 1 r2 ( 1 )
r
= r1 1
r1 r2
= (r1 + r2 )
r
r2
r2
r2 1 = 1
2
r1r
r1 r2 r1 r 2
(i)
Area of minor sector OAPB =
r 2
360 0
=
60 0
360 0
3.14 14 14
= 102.57 cm 2
(ii)
r 2
360
r2
sin
2
14 14
sin 60 0
2
3
= 102.57 98
2
= 102.57 -
(iv)
= 17.80 cm 2
(iii)
Area of major sector = Area of circle - Area of minor sector OAPB
= (14)2 - 102.57
= 615.44 - 102.57 = 512.87 cm 2
Area of major segment AQB
= Area of circle - Area of minor segment APB
= 615.44 - 17.80
= 597.64 cm 2.
30
Ex.2
ABCP is a quadrant of a circle of radius 14 cm. With AC as diameter, a semicircle is drawn. Find the area of
the shaded portion (figure).
Sol.
14 2
1
1 (14) 2 + 1 14 14
=
4
2
2
2
1 22
1 22
7 2 7 2
14 14 + 7 14
2 7
4 7
= 154 154 98
= 98 cm 2
The diameter of cycle wheel is 28 cm. How many revolution will it make in moving 13.2 km ?
Distance traveled by the wheel is one revolution = 2r
22 28
= 2
= 88 cm
7
2
and the total distance covered by the wheel
= 13.2 1000 100 cm
= 1320000 cm
1320000
= 15000.
=
Number of revolution made by the wheel
88
How many balls, each of radius 1 cm, can be made from a solid sphere of lead of radius 8 cm ?
4
Volume of the spherical ball of radius 8 cm = 8 3 cm 3
3
4
Also, volume of each smaller spherical ball of radius 1 cm = 13 cm 3 .
3
Let n be the number of smaller balls that can be made. Then, the volume of the larger ball is equal to the
sum of all the volumes of n smaller balls.
4
4
Hence, n = 8 3
n = 8 3 = 512
3
3
Hence, the required number of balls = 512.
An iron of length 1 m and diameter 4 cm is melted and cast into thin wires of length 20 cm each. If the
number of such wires be 2000, find the radius of each thin wire.
Let the radius of each thin wire be r cm. The, the sum of the volumes of 2000 thin wire will be equal to the
volume of the iron rod. Now, the shape of the iron rod and each thin wire is cylindrical.
4
Hence, the volume of the iron rod of radius
cm = 2 cm is 2 2 100cm 3
2
Again, the volume of each thin wire = r 2 20
Hence, we have 2 2 100 = 2000 r 2 20
1
1
[Taking positive square root only]
40r 2 = 4 r 2 =
r=
100
10
1
cm. of 0.1 cm.
Hence, the required radius of each thin wire is
10
=
Ex.3
Sol.
Ex. 4
Sol.
Ex.5
Sol.
31
Ex.6
Sol.
By melting a solid cylindrical metal, a few conical materials are to be made. If three times the radius of the
cone is equal to twice the radius of the cylinder and the ratio of the height of the cylinder and the height of
the cone is 4 : 3 find the number of cones which can be made.
Let R be the radius and H be the height of the cylinder and let r and h be the radius and height of the cone
respectively. Then.
3r = 2R
and H : h = 4 : 3
.....(i)
H 4
=
h 3
.....(ii)
3H = 4h
Let be the required number of cones which can be made from the material of the cylinder. The, the
volume of the cylinder will be equal to the sum of the volumes of n cones. Hence, we have
n
R 2H = r 2 h
3R 2 H = nr 2 h
3
2
Sol.
9r 2 4h
4
3
r 2h
3r
4h
[ From (i) and (ii), R =
and H =
]
=
3
2
r 2h
3 9 4
n=
3 4
n=9
Ex.7
3R H
n=
Ex.8
Sol.
4 1
cm 3 = cm 3
3 2
6
Hence, we have
n = 30
n = 6 30 = 180
6
Hence, the required number of balls = 180.
A conical empty vessel is to be filled up completely by pouring water into it successively with the help of a
cylindrical can of diameter 6 cm and height 12 cm. The radius of the conical vessel if 9 cm and its height is
72 cm. How many times will it required to pour water into the conical vessel to fill it completely, if, in each
time, the cylindrical can is filled with water completely ?
Let n be the required number of times. Then, the volume of the conical vessel will be equal to n times the
volume of the cylindrical can.
1
Now, the volume of the conical vessel = 9 2 72cm 3 = 24 81 cm 3
3
Add the volume of the cylindrical can = 3 2 12 cm 3 = 9 12 cm 3
Hence , 24 81 = 9 12 n
24 81
n=
= 18
9 12
Hence, the required number of times = 18.
32
Ex.9
Sol.
The height of a right circular cylinder is equal to its diameter. It is melted and recast into a sphere of radius
equal to the radius of the cylinder, find the part of the material that remained unused.
h
Let n be height of the cylinder. Then, its diameter is h and so its radius is . Hence, its volume is
2
2
h 3
h
V1 = h =
4
2
Again, the radius of the sphere =
h
2
3
4 h
h 3
=
3 2
6
h 3 h 3
h 3 (3 2) h 3 1
h 3 1
=
=
= =
= V1
12
12
3
4
3
4
6
1
of the volume of the cylinder.
Hence, the required volume of the unused material is equal to
3
Ex.10 Water flows at the rate of 10 m per minute through a cylindrical pipe having its diameter as 5 mm. How
much time till it take to fill a conical vessel whose diameter of the base is 40 cm and depth 24 cm ?
1
5
Sol.
Diameter of the pipe = 5 mm
cm = cm.
10
2
1 1
1
Radius of the pipe = cm = cm.
2 2
4
In 1 minute, the length of the water column in the cylindrical pipe = 10 m = 1000 cm.
1 1
Volume, of water that flows out of the pipe in 1 minute = 1000 cm 3 .
4 4
1
Also, volume of the cone = 20 20 24 cm 3 .
3
1 1
1
Hence, the time needed to fill up this conical vessel = 20 20 24 1000 minutes
3
4
4
20 20 24 4 4 4 24 16
minutes
=
=
3
1000
30
256
minutes = 51.2 minutes.
=
5
Hence, the required time of 51.2 minutes.
3
Ex.11 A hemispherical tank of radius 1 is full of water. It is connected with a pipe which empties it at the rate of
4
7 liters per second. How much time will it take to empty the tank completely ?
7
7
Sol.
Radius of the hemisphere = m = 100 cm = 175 cm
4
4
2
Volume of the hemisphere = 175 175 175 cm 3
3
The cylindrical pipe empties it at the rate of 7 liters i.e., 7000 cm 3 of water per second.
2 22
min =
min =
min
3 7
7000 60
3 2 12
72
33
Ex.12 A well of diameter 2 m is dug 14 m deep. The earth taken out of its is spread evenly all around it to a width
of 5 m to from an embankment. Find the height of the embankment.
Sol.
Let n be the required height of the embankment.
The shape of the embankment will be like the shape of a cylinder of internal radius 1 m and external radius
(5 + 1) m = 6 m [figure].
The volume of the embankment will be equal to the volume of the earth dug out from the well. Now, the
volume of the earth
= volume of the cylindrical well
= 12 14 m 3
3
= 14 m
Also, the volume of the embankment
2
2
3
3
= (6 - 1 ) h cm = 35 h m
Hence, we have
35 h = 14
14 2
h=
= = 0.4
35 5
Hence, the required height of the embankment = 0.4 m
Ex.13 Water in a canal, 30 dm wide and 12 dm deep, is flowing with a speed of 10 km/hr. How much area will it
irrigate in 30 minutes if 8 cm of standing water is required from irrigation.
500
Sol.
Speed of water in the canal = 10 km. h = 10000 m.60 min =
m/min.
3
500 30 12 2
3
m = 600 m
The volume of the water flowing out of the canal in 1 minute =
10 10
3
In 30 min, the amount of water flowing out of the canal = (600 30) m 3 = 600 m 3
If the required area of the irrigated land is m 2, then the volume of water to be needed to irrigate the land
8 3
2x 3
2x
25
Hence,
= x
=
m
= 18000
x = 18000
= 225000
m
100
25
25
2
h 2
(r1 + r1r2 + r22 )
3
22 21
19272
3
3
3
liters = 19.272 liters.
( 20 2 + 20 14 + 14 2 ) cm = 22 876 cm = 19272 cm =
73
1000
Now, I =
= [(r1 + r2 ) + r22 ]
22
( 20 + 14)21.84 + 14 2
7
= 2949.76 cm Required cost of the tin sheet at the rate of Rs. 1.50 per dm 2 i.e., per 100 cm 2
1.50 2949.76
= Rs
Rs 44.25
100
34
Ex.15 A cone is divided into two parts by drawing a plane through a point which divides its height in the ratio 1 : 2
starting from the vertex and the place is parallel to the base. Compare the volume of the two parts.
Sol.
Let the plane XY divide the cone ABC in the ratio AE : ED = 1 : 2, where AED is the axis of the cone. Let r2
and r2 be the radii of the circular section XY and the base BC of the cone respectively and let h1 - h and h1
be their heights [figure].
Then,
h1
3
=
h
2
h=
3
h
2
3
h
r1
h1
=
= 2 =3
And
r2
h1 h 1
h
2
r1 = 3r2
1
h(9r22 + r22 + 3r22 )
3
1
h(13r 22 )
3
1 2
r2 h
Volume of cone AXY
= 6
So,
Volume of frustum XYBC 13 2
r 2 h
3
Volume of cone AXY
1
=
.
Volume of frustum XYBC 26
i.e. the ratio between the volume of the cone AXY and the remaining portion BCYX is 1 : 26.
If BC passed through the centre of the circle, then the area of the shaded region in the given figure is
a2
(A)
(B) a 2 1
( 3 )
2
2
(C) 2a 2 ( 1)
2.
(D)
a2
1
2 2
(B) 40.07 m
(C) 40.28 m
(D) 35 m
3.
If a rectangle of sides 5 cm and 15 cm is be divided into three squared of equal area, then the sides of the
squares will be :
(A) 4 cm
(B) 6 cm
(C) 7 cm
(D) None
35
4.
sq. units
(D) 2 sq. units
(B)
4
5.
6.
In the adjoining figure, the radius of the inner circle, if other circles are of radii 1 m, is :
(A)
(C)
( 2 1)m
1
2
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
(B)
(D)
2 m
The height of a conical tent of the centre is 5cm. The distance of any point on its circular base from the top
of the tent is 13m. The area of the slant surface is :
(A) 144 sq m
(B) 130 sq m
(C) 156 sq m
(D) 169 sq m
The radius of circle is increased by 1 cm, then the ratio of the new circumference to the new diameter is :
1
(B) + 1
(C)
(D)
(A) + 2
2
A hemispherical bowl of internal diameter 36 cm is full of some liquid. This liquid is to be filled in cylindrical
bottles of radius 3 cm and height 6 cm., Then no of bottles needed to empty the bowl.
(A) 36
(B) 75
(C) 18
(D) 144
There is a cylinder circumscribing the hemisphere such that their bases are common. The ratio of their
volume is
(A) 1 : 3
(B) 1 : 2
(C) 2 : 3
(D) 3 : 4
A sphere of radius 3 cms is dropped into a cylindrical vessel of radius 4 cms. If the sphere is submerged
completely, then the height (in cm) to which the water rises, is
(A) 2.35
(B) 2.30
(C) 2.25
(D) 2.15
If a rectangular sheet of paper 44 cm 22 cm is rolled along its length of form a cylinder, then the volume of
cylinder in cm 3 is
(B) 3080
(C) 3388
(D) none of these
(A) 1694
Two cones have their heights in the ratio 1 : 3 and the radii of their bases are in the ratio 3 : 1 , then the
ratio of their volumes is
(A) 1 : 3
(B) 27 :1
(C) 3 : 1
(D) 1 : 27
The total surface area of a cube is numerically equal to the surface area of a sphere then the ratio of their
volume is
6
(B)
(C)
(D)
6
6
216
A cone is dived into two parts by drawing a plane through the mid point of its axis parallel to its base then
the ratio of the volume of two parts is
(A) 1 : 3
(B) 1 : 7
(C) 1 : 8
(D) 1 : 9
(A)
15.
36
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20
21
22.
A cylindrical container of radius 6 cm and height 15 cm is fulled with ice-cream. The whole ice-cream has to
be distributed to 10 children in equal cones with hemispherical tops. If the height of the conical portion is
four times the radius of its base, find the radius of the ice-cream cone.
A hemi-spherical depression is cutout from one face of the cubical wooden block such that the diameter
of the hemisphere is equal to the edge of the cube., Determine the surface are of the remaining solid.
In figure there are three semicircles, A,B and C having diameter 3 cm each, and another semicircle E
having a circle D with diameter 4.5 cm are shown. Calculate.
(i) the area of the shaded region
(ii) the cost of painting the shaded region of the 25 paisa per cm 2, to the nearest rupee.
The height of a cone is 30 cm. A small cone is cut off at the top by a plane parallel to the base. If its volume
1
of the volume of the given cone, at what above the vase is the section made ?
be
27
A solid cylinder of diameter 15 cm and height 15 cm is melted and recast into 12 toys in the shape of a right
circular cone mounted on a hemisphere. Find the radius of the hemisphere and the total height of the to if
height of the conical par is 3 times its radius.
[CBSE - 2005]
if the rail of the ends of bucket, 45 cm high are 28 cm and 7cm, determine the capacity and total surface
area of the bucket.
[CBSE - 2006]
A tent is in the form of cylinder of diameter 4.2 m and height 4 m, surmounted by a cone of equal base and
height 2.8 m. Find the capacity of the tent and the cost of canvas for making the tent at Rs. 100 per sq. m. ?
[CBSE - 2006]
Water flows out through a circular pipe whose internal radius is 1 cm, at the rate of 80 cm/second into an
empty cylindrical tank, the radius of whose base is 40 cm. By how much will the level of water rise in the
tank in half an hour ?
[CBSE - 2007]
A hemispherical bowl of internal radius 36 cm is full of liquid. The liquid is to be filled into cylindrical shaped
small bottles each of diameter 3 cm and height 6 cm. How many bottles are need to empty the bowl ? 2007]
In figure ABC is a right - angled triangle right-angled at A. Semicircles are drawn on AB, AC and BC as
diameters. Find the area of the shaded region.
[CBSE - 2008]
Find the permetre of figure , where AED is a semi-circle and ABCD is a rectangle.
37
[CBSE - 2008]
23.
A tent consists of a frustum of a cone, surmounted by a cone. If the diameters of the upper and lower
circular ends of the frustum b 14 m and 26 m respectively, the height of the frustum be 8 m and the slant
height of the surmounted conical portion be 12 m, find the area of canvas required to make the tent.
(Assume that the radii of the upper circular end of the frustum and the base of surmounted conical portion
are equal)
[CBSE - 2008]
ANSWERS
10
11
12
13
14
15
Ans.
72.7 cm
2.
10 cm
4.
7.77 cm 2
5. 57 cm 2
7.
3768 cm 3, 1318.8 cm 2 8.
0.5 cm
10.
9735 cm 2
11.
14 cm
12.
3 cm
13.
2
( 24 + )
4
14.
12.375 cm 2, Rs. 3
15.
20 cm
16.
17.
48510cm 3, 5621 cm 3
18.
19.
90 cm
20.
2304
21.
6 sq.
22.
76 cm
23.
892.57 m 2
6.
9.
38
1:2
2 hrs.
STATISTICS
14.1
14.2
14.3
INTRODUCTION :
The branch of science known as statistics has been used in India from ancient times. Statistics deals with
collection of numerical facts. i.e., data, their classification & tabulation and their interpretation.
MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDANCY :
The commonly used measure of central tendency (or averages) are :
(i)
Arithmetic Mean (AM) or Simply Mean
(ii)
Median
(jjj)
Mode
ARITHMETIC MEAN :
Arithmetic mean of a set of observations is equal to their sum divided by the total number of observations.
Mean of raw data : x1, x2, x 3, ....., xn are the n values (or observations) the,
A.M. (Arithmetic mean) is
n
x=
x1 + x1 + ..... + xn
=
n
i =1
n
n
x
Ex.1
Sol.
i=1
nx - Sum of observations =
n
i.e. product of mean & no. of items gives sum of observation.
The mean of marks scored by 100 students was found to be 40. Later on its was discovered that a score of
56 was misread as 83. Find the correct mean.
n = 100, x = 40
1
1
40 =
xi
x=
xi
100
n
( )
( )
x = 4000.
Now, Correct value of x = 4000 - 83 + 83 = 3970
correct value of x
3970
Correct mean =
=
= 39.7
Incorrect value of
n
So, the correct mean is 39.7
Method for Mean of Ungrouped Data
xi
fi
F1x1
x1
f1
f1x1
x2
f2
f2x2
x3
f3
f3x3
f = f x
i
1 1
100
39
mean x =
fx
f
i i
u
Ex2.
Sol.
Find the missing value of P for the following distribution whose mean is 12.58
10
12
20
25
22
Calculation of Mean :
xi
fi
Given x = 12.58
fixi
10
40
10
80
12
22
264
7P
20
80
25
50
f = 50 f x
i
x=
i u
= 524 + 7P
fx
f
i i
i
12.58 =
Ex.3
524 + 7P
50
629 = 524 + 7P
;
7P = 105 ;
P = 15.
Find the mean for the following distribution :
Marks
10-20
20-30
30-40
40-50
50-60
60-70
70-80
Frequency
13
Sol.
Marks
Mid Values xi
fixi
15
No. of students
fi
6
10-20
20-30
25
200
30-40
35
13
455
40-50
45
345
50-60
55
165
60-70
65
130
70-80
75
75
f = 40
f x = 1430
x=
fx
f
i i
i
90
i i
1430 143
=
= 35.75
40
4
40
Frequency
11
20
23
18
13
Sol.
xi
fi
5
Let A = 25
di = xi - 25
-10
15
fidi
-50
20
-5
-40
22
11
-3
-33
24
20
-1
-20
25
23
30
18
90
33
13
104
38
13
26
f = 100
f d = 77
x = A+
i i
fd
f
i
= 25 +
77
= 25.77
100
fiui
h
x = A+
fi
x A
A = Assumed mean ui = i
where,
, h = Width of class interval
h
Find the mean of following distribution with step - deviation method :
Ex.5
Sol.
Class
10-15
15-20
20-25
25-30
30-35
35-40
Frequency
12
Calculation of Mean :
Class
xi
fi
Let A = 27.5
x 27.5
ui = i
5
fiui
10-15
12.5
-3
-15
15-20
17.5
-2
-12
20-25
22.5
-1
-8
25-30
27.5
12
30-35
32.5
35-40
37.5
f = 40
f u = 23
i i
41
38
2
fiui
23
x = A+
h
x = 27.5 +
= 24.625
fi
40
The mean of the following frequency distribution is 62.8 and the sum of all frequencies is 50. Compute the
missing frequency f1 and f2
Ex. 6
Sol.
Class
0-20
20-40
40-60
60-80
80-100
100-120
Frequency
f1
10
f2
Let = 30, h = 20
Class
xi
fi
xi A
h
fiui
0-20
10
-1
-5
20-40
30
f1
40-60
50
10
+1
10
60-80
70
f2
+2
2f2
80-100
90
+3
21
100-120
110
+4
32
ui =
f = 30 + f + f
i
Given 30 + f1 + f2 = 50
f1 + f 2 = 20
x = A+
.......(i)
fiui
h
fi
58 + 2f2
62.8 = 30 =
20
50
2
62.8 = (58 + 2f2)
5
32.8 5 = 116 + 4f2
164 = 116 + 4f2
4f2 = 164 - 116
4f2 = 48
f2 = 12
Now, f1 = f2 = 20
f1 + 12 = 20
f1 = 8
So, the missing frequencies are f1 = 8 and f2 = 12.
42
f u = 58 + 2f
i i
Ex.7
Sol.
Marks
No. of Students
Below 10
Below 20
Below 30
17
Below 40
29
Below 50
45
Below 60
60
Below 70
70
Below 80
78
Below 90
83
Below 100
85
Marks
xi
fi
A = 45, h =10
x A
ui = i
h
fiui
0-10
-4
-20
10-20
15
-3
-12
20-30
25
-2
-16
30-40
35
12
-1
-12
40-50
45
16
50-60
55
15
+1
15
60-70
65
10
+2
20
70-80
75
+3
24
80-90
85
+4
20
90-100
95
+5
10
f = 85
f u = 29
i i
x = A +
f u h
f
i i
i
29
x = 45 + 10
85
x = 45 + 3.41
x = 48.41
So, the mean marks is 48.41
14.4
PROPERTIES OF MEAN :
43
(x x) = 0
i
i =1
(ii) If a constant real number a is added to each of the observation than new mean will be x + a.
(iii) If a constant real number a is subtracted from each of the observation then new mean will be x a.
(iv) If constant real number a is multiplied with each of the observation then new mean will be ax.
x
(v) If each of the observation is divided by a constant no a, then new mean will be .
a
14.5
14.6
14.7
14.8
MEDIAN :
Median is the middle value of the distribution. It is the value of variable such that the number of
observations above it is equal to the number of observations below it.
Median of raw data
(i) Arrange the data in ascending order.
(ii) Count the no. of observation (Let there be n observation)
n +1
(A) if n be odd then median = value of
th
observation.
n
(B) if n is even then median is the arithmetic mean of
2
Median of class - interval data (Grouped)
N
C
Median = + 2
h
f
th
n
observation and + 1
2
th
44
th
observation.
Ex.8.
Following are the lives in hours of 15 pieces of the components of air craft engine. Fin the median :
715, 724, 725, 710, 729, 745, 649, 699, 696, 712, 734, 728, 716, 705, 719
Sol.
So, Median
N + 1
=
observation
2
th
Ex. 9
15 + 1
=
observation
2
= 716.
The daily wages (in rupees) of 100 workers in a factory are given below :
125
6
130
20
135
24
140
28
145
15
150
4
160
2
Sol.
Daily wages (in Rs.)
No. of workers
Cumulative frequency
125
130
20
26
135
24
50
140
28
78
145
15
93
150
97
160
99
180
100
N = 100 (even)
th
N th
observatio n + N + 1 observatio n
2
2
Median =
2
Median =
= 137.50
45
180
1
Sol.
Class
0-10
10-20
20-30
30-40
40-50
50-60
Frequency
10
20
N
(i) First we find
2
th
55
value i.e.
2
th
= 27.5
th
Class
c.f.
0-10
10-20
10
15
10
20
50-60
5
Median = 26.25
Ex. 11 in the median of the following frequency distribution is 46,find the missing frequencies :
35
42
50
55
Variable
10-20
20-30
30-40
40-50
50-60
60-70
70-80
Total
Frequency
12
13
65
25
18
229
Sol.
Class Interval
Frequency
C.F
10-20
12
12
20-30
30
42
30-40
f1
42 + f1
40-50
65
107 + f1
50-60
f2
107 + f1 + f2
60-70
25
132 + f1 + f2
70-80
18
150 + f1 + f2
Let the frequency of the class 30 - 40 be f1 and that of the class 50 - 60 be f2. The total frequency is 229
12 + 30 + f1 + 65 + f2 + 25 + 18 = 229
f1 + f 2 = 79
It is given that median is 46., clearly, 46 lies in the class 40 - 50. So, 40 - 50 is the median class
6=
2f1 = 67
13
f1 = 33.5 or 34
46
Since, f1 + f2 = 79
f1 = 45
Hence, f1 = 34 and f2 = 45.
Merits of Median :
(i) It is rigidly defined, easily, understood and calculate.
(ii) It is not all affected by extreme values.
(iii) It can be located graphically, even if the class - intervals are unequal.
(iv) It can be determined even by inspection is some cases.
Demerits of Median :
(i) In case of even numbers of observations median cannot be determined exactly.
(ii) It is not based on all the observations.
(iii) It is not subject to algebraic treatment.
(iv) It is much affected by fluctuations of sampling.
Uses of Median :
(i) Median is the only average to be used while dealing with qualitative data which cannot be measured
quantitatively but can be arranged in ascending or descending order of magnitude.
(ii) It is used for determining the typical value in problems concerning wages, distribution of wealth etc.
14.9
MODE:
Mode or modal value of the distribution is that value of variable for which the frequency is maximum.
Mode of ungrouped data : - (By inspection only)
Arrange the data in an array and then count the frequencies of each variate.
The variate having maximum frequency is the mode.
Mode of continuous frequency distribution
f1 + f0
Mode = +
h
2f1 f0 f2
Where = lower limit of the modal class
f1 = frequency of the class i.e. the largest frequency.
f0 = frequency of the class preceding the modal class.
f2 = frequency of the class succeeding the modal class.
h = width of the modal class
Ex.12. Fin the mode of the following data :
25, 16, 19, 48, 19, 20, 34, 15, 19, 20, 21, 24, 19, 16, 22, 16, 18, 20, 16, 19.
Sol.
Frequency table for the given data as given below :
Value xi
15
16
18
19
20
21
22
24
25
34
48
Frequency fi
1
4
1
5
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
19 has the maximum frequency of 5. So, Mode = 19.
Ex.13. The following table shows the age distribution of cases of a certain disease admitted during a year in a
particular hospital.
Age (in Years)
5-14
15-24
25-34
35-44
45-54
55-64
No. of Cases
6
11
21
23
14
5
Sol.
Here class intervals are not is inclusive form. So, Converting the above frequency table in inclusive form.
Age (in Years)
4.5-14.5
14.5-24.5
24.5-34.5
34.5-44.5
44.5-54.5
54.5-64.5
No. of Cases
6
11
21
23
14
5
Class 34.5 - 44.5 has maximum frequency. So it is the modal class.
34.5, h = 10, f0 = 21, f1 = 23 and f2 = 14.
Mode = +
f1 f0
h
2f1 f0 f2
Mode = 34.5 +
23 21
10
46 21 14
= 34.5 +
2
10
11
= 36.31 Ans.
47
12
43-48
49-54
55-60
61-66
20
15
Sol.
Daily Wages
No. of workers
Daily wages
31-36
6
30.5-36.5
37-43
12
36.5-42.5
43-48
20
42.5-48.5
49-54
15
48.5-54.5
55-60
9
54.5-60.6
61-66
4
60.5-66.5
Modal class frequency is 42.5 - 48.5.
= 42.5
f1 = 20
f0 = 12, f2 = 15, h = 6
Mode = 42.5 +
14.10
No of workers
6
12
20
15
9
4
20 12
6
2( 20) 12 15
Mode = 46.2
Merits of Mode
(i) It can be easily understood and is easy to calculate.
(ii) It is not affected by extreme values and can be found by inspection is some cases.
(iii) It can be measured even if open - end classes and can be represented graphically.
Demerits of Mode :
(i) It is ill - fined. It is not always possible to find a clearly defined mode.
(ii) It is not based upon all the observation.
(iii) It is not capable of further mathematical treatment. it is after indeterminate.
(iv) It is affected to a greater extent by fluctuations of sampling.
Uses of Mode :
Mode is the average to be used to find the ideal size, e.g., in business forecasting, in manufacture of readymade garments, shoes etc.
Relation between Mode, Median & Mean : Mode = 3 median - 2 mean.
CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY CURVE OR OGIVE :
In a cumulative frequency polygon or curves, the cumulative frequencies are plotted against the lower and
upper limits of class intervals depending upon the manner in which the series has been cumulated. There
are two methods of constructing a frequency polygon or an Ogive.
(i) Less than method
(ii) More than method
In ungrouped frequency distribution :
Ex.15 The marks obtained by 400 students in medical entrance exam are given in the following table.
Marks
Obtained
400-450
450-500
500-550
550-600
600-650
650-700
700-750
750-80
No. of
Examinees
30
45
60
52
54
67
45
47
Sol.
(iii) Find the number of examinees, who have obtained the marks less than 625.
(iv) Find the number of examinees, who have obtained 625 and more than marks.
(i) Cumulative frequency table for less than Ogive method is as following.
48
Marks Obtained
No. of Examinees
30
75
135
187
241
308
353
400
Following are the Ogive for the above cumulative frequency table by applying the given method and the
assumed scale.
(ii) Cumulative frequency table for more than Ogive method is as following : -
Marks Obtained
No. of Examinees
400
370
325
265
213
159
92
47
49
Following are the Ogive for the above cumulative frequency table.
(iii) So, the number of examinees, scoring marks less than 625 are approximately 220.
(iv) So, the number of examinees, scoring marks 625 and more will be approximately 190.
Ex.16 Draw on O-give for the following frequency distribution by less than method and also find its median from
the graph.
Marks
0-10
10-20
20-30
30-40
40-50
50-60
Number of
7
10
23
51
6
3
students
Sol.
Converting the frequency distribution into less than cumulative frequency distribution.
Marks
Less than 10
No. of
Students
7
Less than 20
17
Less than 30
40
Less than 40
91
Less than 50
97
Less than 60
100
50
The median of following series if 520, 20, 340, 190, 35, 800, 1210, 50, 80
(A) 1210
(B) 520
(C) 190
(D) 35
2.
(D) 16
(D) 1
3.
4.
If the first five elements of the set x1, x2,...x10 are replaced by xi + 5, i = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and next five elements
are replaced by xj - 5, j = 6, 7, ....10 then the mean will change by
n +1
(C) 10
(A) 0
(B)
(D) 25
2
5.
If the mean and median of a set of numbers are 8.9 and 9 respectively, then the mode will be
(A) 7.2
(B) 8.2
(C) 9.2
(D) 10.2
Find the value of p, if the mean of the following distribution whose mean is 20
x
f
2.
15
2
50-70
18
7.
70-90
12
90-110
13
f1
15-25
8
110-130
27
130-150
8
150-170
22
10
f2
25-35
10
35-45
15
45-55
25
55-65
40
65-75
20
75-85
15
85-95
7
Find the missing frequencies and the median for the following distribution if the mean is 1.46.
No. of accidents
Frequency (No. of
days)
6.
23
6
20 + p
5p
The mean of the following frequency distribution is 62.8 and the sum of all the frequencies is 50. Compute
the
Class
0-20
20-40
40-60
60-80
80-100
100-120
Frequency
4.
19
4
Class interval
No. of workers
3.
17
3
0
46
1
f1
2
f2
3
25
4
10
5
5
Total
200
If the median of the following frequency distribution is 28.5 find the missing frequencies :
Class interval :
0-10
10-20
20-30
30-40
40-50
50-60
Total
Frequency
5
f1
20
15
f2
5
60
The marks is science of 80 students of class X are given below : Find the mode of the marks obtained by
the students in science.
51
Class interval
:
Frequency
8.
0-10
10-20
20-30
30-40
40-50
50-60
60-70
70-80
80-90
90-100
16
12
13
20
Class
interval
Frequency
9.
0-10
10-20
20-30
30-40
40-50
50-60
60-70
70-80
12
28
20
10
10
During the medical check - up of 35 students of a class, their weights were recorded as follows :
Number of students
Less than 38
Less than 40
Less than 42
Less than 44
Less than 46
14
Less than 48
28
Less than 50
32
Less than 52
35
Draw a less than type ogive for the given data. Hence, obtain median weight from the graph and verify the
result by using the formula.
10.
Height
Less
than 7
Les than
14
Less
than 21
Less
than 28
Less
than 35
Less
than 42
Less
than 49
Less
than 56
No. of trees
26
57
92
134
216
287
341
360
52
11.
x
f
12.
10
5
50-70
18
p
7
25
8
30
2
[CBSE - 2006]
70-90
12
90-110
13
110-130
27
130-150
8
0-10
8
10-20
10
20-30
12
30-40
22
0-10
5
10-20
10
20-30
18
30-40
30
40-50
20
ANSWERS
(Objective DPP- 14.1)
Que.
Ans.
1
C
2
B
3
B
40-50
30
50-60
18
[CBSE - 2008]
Classes
Frequency
150-170
22
[CBSE - 2008]
Marks obtained
Frequency
14.
15
10
Classes
Frequency
13.
[CBSE - 2005]
4
A
5
C
p=1
2. 112.20
3. f1 = 8, f2 = 12
4.
58
6. f1 = 8, f2 = 7
7.
53.17
8. 46.67
9. 47.5 kg
11
20
12. 20
13. 30-40
14.
53
50-60
12
60-70
5
PROBABILITY
15.1
EXPERIMENT :
The word experiment means an operation, which can produce well defined outcomes. The are two types of
experiment :
(i) Deterministic experiment
(ii) Probabilistic or Random experiment
(i) Deterministic Experiment : Those experiment which when repeated under identical conditions,
produced the same results or outcome are known as deterministic experiment. For example, Physics or
Chemistry experiments performed under identical conditions.
(ii) Probabilistic or Random Experiment :- In an experiment, when repeated under identical conditions
donot produce the same outcomes every time. For example, in tossing a coin, one is not sure that if a head
or tail will be obtained. So it is a random experiment.
Sample space : The set of all possible out comes of a random experiment is called a sample space
associated with it and is generally denoted by S. For example, When a dice is tossed then
S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}.
Even : A subset of sample space associated with a random experiment is called an event. For example, In
tossing a dive getting an even no is an event.
Favorable Event : Let S be a sample space associated with a random experiment and A be event
associated with the random experiment. The elementary events belonging to A are know as favorable
events to the event A. For example, in throwing a pair of dive, A is defined by Getting 8 as the sum. Then
following elementary events are as out comes : (2, 6), (3, 5), (4, 4) (5, 3) (6, 2). So, there are 5 elementary
events favorable to event A.
15.2
PROBABILITY :
If there are n elementary events associated with a random experiment and m of them are favorable to an
event A, then the probability of happening or occurrence of event A is denoted by P(A)
Total number of favourable outcomes m
Thus, P(A) =
=
Total number of possible outcomes
n
0 P( A ) 1
P(A) = 0, then A is called impossible event
P(A) = 1, then A is called sure event
P(A) + P ( A ) = 1
Where P(A) = probability of occurrence of A.
P ( A ) = probability of non - occurrence of A.
ILLUSTRATIONS :
A box contains 5 red balls, 4 green balls and 7 white balls. A ball is drawn at random from the box. Find the
probability that the ball drawn is
(i) white
(ii) neither red nor white
Total number of balls in the bag = 5 + 4 + 7 = 16
Total number of elementary events =16
(i)
There are 7 white balls in the bag.
Favorable number of elementary events = 7
And
If,
If,
Ex.1
Sol.
(ii)
4
1
=
16 4
54
Ex.2
Sol.
Ex.3
Sol.
Ex.4
Sol.
All the three face cards of spades are removed from a well-shuffled pack of 52 cards. A card is then drawn
at random from the remaining pack. Find the probability of getting
[CBSE - 2007]
(i) black face card
(ii) a queen
(iii) a black card.
After removing three face cards of spades (king, queen, jack) from a deck of 52 playing cards, there are 49
cards left in the pack. Out of these 49 cards one card can be chosen in 49 ways.
Total number of elementary events = 49
(i)
There are 6 black face cards out of which 3 face cards of spades are already removed. So, out of
remaining 3 black face cards one black face card ban be chosen in 3 ways.
Favorable number of elementary events = 3
3
Hence, P (Getting a black face card ) =
49
(ii)
There are 3 queens in the remaining 49 cards. So, out of these three queens, on queen can be
chosen in 3 ways
Favorable number of elementary events = 3
3
Hence P (Getting a queen) =
49
(iii)
There are 23 black cards in the remaining 49 cards, So, out to these 23 black card, one black card
can be chosen in 23 ways
Favorable number of elementary events = 23
23
Hence, P (Getting a black card) =
49
A die is thrown, Find the probability of
(i) prime number
(ii) multiple of 2 or 3
(iii) a number greater than 3
In a single throw of die any one of six numbers 1,2,3,4,5,6 can be obtained. Therefore, the tome number of
elementary events associated with the random experiment of throwing a die is 6.
(i) Let A denote the event Getting a prime no. Clearly, event A occurs if any one of 2,3,5 comes as out
come.
Favorable number of elementary events = 3
3 1
Hence, P (Getting a prime no.) = =
6 2
(ii)
An multiple of 2 or 3 is obtained if we obtain one of the numbers 2,3,4,6 as out comes
Favorable number of elementary events = 4
4 2
Hence, P (Getting multiple of 2 or 3) = =
6 3
(iii)
The event Getting a number greater than 3 will occur, if we obtain one of number 4,5,6 as an out
come.
Favorable number of out comes = 3
3 1
Hence, required probability = =
6 2
Two unbiased coins are tossed simultaneously. Find the probability of getting
(i) two heads
(ii) at least one head
(iii) at most one head.
If two unbiased coins are tossed simultaneously, we obtain any one of the following as an out come :
HH, HT, TH, TT
Total number of elementary events = 4
(i)
Two heads are obtained if elementary event HH occurs.
Favorable number of events = 1
1
Hence, P (Two heads) =
4
(ii)
At least one head is obtained if any one of the following elementary events happen :
HH, HT, TH
favorable number of events = 3
3
Hence P (At least one head) =
4
(iii)
If one of the elementary events HT, TH, TT occurs, than at most one head is obtained
3
favorable number of events = 3
Hence, P (At most one head) =
55
Ex.5
Sol.
Ex.6
Sol.
A box contains 20 balls bearing numbers, 1,2,3,4...20. A ball is drawn at random from the box. What is
the probability that the number of the ball is
(i) an odd number
(ii) divisible by 2 or 3
(iii) prime number
Here, total numbers are 20.
Total number of elementary events = 20
(i)
The number selected will be odd number, if it is elected from 1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19
Favorable number of elementary events = 10
10 1
Hence, P (An odd number ) =
=
20 2
(ii)
Number divisible by 2 or 3 are 2,3,4,6,8,9,10,12,14,15,16,18,20
8
2
P (prime number ) =
=
20 5
A die is drop at random on the rectangular region as shown in figure. What is the probability that it will land
inside the circle with diameter 1m ?
Area of rectangular region = 3m 2m = 6m 2
Area of circle = r 2
2
1
=
2
= m2
4
Probability that die will land inside the circle
/4
=
6
=
24
2.
3.
4.
5.
If there coins are tossed simultaneously, then the probability of getting at least two heads, is
1
3
1
1
(B)
(C)
(D)
(A)
8
4
2
4
A bag contains three green marbles four blue marbles, and two orange marbles. If marble is picked at
random, then the probability that it is not a orange marble is
1
1
4
7
(B)
(C)
(D)
(A)
3
9
9
4
A number is selected from number 1 to 27. The probability that it is prime is
2
1
1
2
(B)
(C)
(D)
(A)
3
6
3
9
IF (P(E) = 0.05, then P (not E) =
(A) -0.05
(B) 0.5
(C) 0.9
(D) 0.95
A bulb is taken out at random from a box of 600 electric bulbs that contains 12 defective bulbs. Then the
probability of a non-defective bulb is
(A) 0.02
(B) 0.98
(C) 0.50
(D) None
56
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Find the probability that a leap year selected at random will contain 53 Tuesdays.
A bag contains 12 balls out of which x are white.
(i) If one ball is drawn at random, what is the probability it will be a white ball ?
(ii) If 6 more white balls are put in the box. The probability of drawing a white ball will be double than that is
(i). Find x.
In a class, there are 18 girls and 16 boys. The class teacher wants to choose one pupil for class monitor.
What she does, she writes the name of each pupil a card and puts them into a basket and mixes
thoroughly. A child is asked to pick one card from the basket. What is the probability that the name written
on the card is :
(i) The name of a girl
(ii) The name of boy ?
The probability of selecting a green marble at random from a jar that contains only green, white and yellow
marbles is 1/4. The probability of selecting a white marble from the same jar is 1/3. If this jar contains 10
yellow marbles. What is the total number of marbles in the jar ?
A card is drawn at random from a well suffled desk of playing cards. Find the probability that the card drawn
is
(i) A card of spade or an ace
(ii) A red king
(iii) Neither a king nor a queen
(iv) Either a king or a queen
There are 30 cards of same size in a bag on which number 1 to 30 are written. One card is taken out of the
bag at random. Find the probability that the number of the selected card is not divisible by 3.
In figure points A,B,C and D are the centers of four circles that each have a
radius of length on unit. If a point is selected at random from the interior of
square ABCD. What is the probability that the point will be chosen from the
shaded region ?
A bag contains 5 white balls, 6 red balls, 6 black balls and 8 green balls. One ball is drawn at random from
the bag. Find the probability that the ball drawn is
(i)
White
(ii)
Red or black
[CBSE - 2006]
(iii)
Note green
(iv)
Neither white nor black
A bag contains 4 red and 6 black balls. A ball is taken out of the bag at random. Find the probability of
getting a black ball.
[CBSE - 2008]
Cards. marked with number 5 to 50, are placed in a box and mixed thoroughly. A card is drawn from the
box at random. Find the probability that the number on the taken out card is
(i) a prime number less than 10.
[CBSE - 2008]
(ii) a number which is a perfect square.
ANSWERS
(Objective DPP 15.1)
Q
A
1.
(i)
2.
2
7
4.
(i)
8.
1
4
11.
(i)
9
17
1
23
(ii)
(ii)
15
1
(iii)
36
6
8
17
9.
(ii)
(iv)
(i)
5.
24
1
5
2
D
3
C
4
D
4
13
(ii)
5
B
11
36
3.
(i)
1
C
(ii)
x
12
(ii) 3
6.
(i)
12
17
14
(iii)
(iv)
25
25
25
5
46
57
1
11
2
(iii)
(iv)
26
13
13
10.
3
5
7.
2
3