PROCEEDINGS JOINT CONVENTION SURABAYA 2005 – HAGI-IAGI-PERHAPI

The 30th HAGI, The 34th IAGI, The 14th PERHAPI Annual Conference and Exhibition

POSTER-JCS2005-030

DEEP RESERVOIR CHALLENGE IN ASRI BASIN,

SOUTH EAST SUMATERA

R. Faisal, Bintoro W., and Munji S.

CNOOC SES Ltd.

ABSTRACT

Exploration effort to find new oil reserve in Indonesia has not been going to an end. Gita and zelda
formation at relatively shallow reservoir in SES block have been become major contributors to Indonesia
oil production. Nowadays, finding hydrocarbon accumulation in the deeper reservoir of the mature area
such as Asri basin is an exploration challenge.

Hariet-2 well was drilled at 1995, has succeed penetrate oil sandstone below source rock, the Banuwati
Shale. The well encountered approximately 300 ft interval of Banuwati Coarse Clastic member that
overlie granitic basement. Unfortunately, lost circulation has damage reservoir, therefore evaluation of
the reservoir cannot infer a conclusive result.

Diagenetic process strongly influenced preservation of porosity and permeability of the Banuwati
sandstone reservoir. The evaluation of wireline data resulted porosity of the sandstone is 13.6% average
and permeability is 10.8mD. Laboratory results of two samples taken from two different points show the
permeability 2.18mD and 31mD. The test recovered 24 barrel of oil in the reservoir suggest that the
reservoir has success to preserve the porosity against compaction.

Petrography analysis results that the sandstone has suffered heavily compaction, which reduce the
primary porosity. However, widespread mouldic porosity as secondary origin, which is found in many
samples, shows that the capability of the Banuwati Coarse Clastic sandstone is enhanced to accommodate
the migrated oil in the area.

INTRODUCTION Exploring deeper part of Asri basin is new

Asri basin is located 150 km offshore Southeast
Sumatera in the northern area of CNOOC SES
PSC block (Figure 1). The first successful
exploration well in Asri basin was Intan-1, drilled
in 1987. Intan-1 was tested and producing 5,845
bopd with 32.8 API gravity oil. The oil indicates
lacustrine derivation source rocks (Sukanto et al.,
1998). This well was initial evidence proving that
Asri Basin is a commercial hydrocarbon basin.
Afterward, exploration and production effort was
extensively done particularly at Gita and zelda
formation, which is Oligo-Miocene in age. Until
now, nine (9) oil fields including Intan and Widuri
fields have been producing more than half
million-barrel oil from the Gita and zelda
formation.
strategy to add and enhance reserve. Hariet-2 well
was drilled in 1995 to depth 12,516 feet MD
(-12,435 feet subsea), has succeed to encounter oil
sandstone in Eocene–Oligocene sediments,
Banuwati Formation. The sandstone is part of
320 feet thick Banuwati Coarse Clastic member,
which is deposited unconformably on the
basement (Sukanto et al., 1998). Unfortunately,
the well suffered lost circulation and damaged the
reservoir interval therefore performance of the
reservoir is remaining unknown.
Hariet-2 well also was penetrating 310 feet thick
of mature lacustrine organic rich shale so called
Banuwati Shale. The shale is become the primary

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 PROCEEDINGS JOINT CONVENTION SURABAYA 2005 – HAGI-IAGI-PERHAPI
The 30th HAGI, The 34th IAGI, The 14th PERHAPI Annual Conference and Exhibition
oil source rock in Asri basin and also act as
excellent seal for the stratigraphy trap of Hariet-2
well. It overlies Banuwati Coarse Clastic by
unconformity and both pinch out westward to the
basement.
BANUWATI COARSE CLASTIC
DISTRIBUTION
Banuwati Coarse Clastic member is an early basin
fill deposites, which deposited in Eo-oligocene. It
extends widespread throughout the basin in at
least 4 facies distributions (Figure 3) (Syarif et al.,
2005). Its lateral distribution has been appraised
by several wells Hariet-2 (1995), Darlene-1
(1996) Mega-1 (2003) and Anastasia-1 (2004)
(Figure 2). Except Mega-1, all wells penetrate this
unit at more than 10,000’ depth.
Hariet-2 is the only well that recovers oil to the
surface. Its conglomeratic sandstone facies is
interpreted as braided fluvial channel fill to delta
lobe fan derived from adjacent granitic basement
paleohigh. Darlene-1 penetrates tight alluvial fan
conglomerates. Mega-1 encounters shaly
floodplain facies. Recently, Anastasia-1 was
drilled and penetrates the Banuwati Coarse Clastic
interval and encountered 63’ mature tight clean
sandstone. Fluid inclusion analysis indicates light
oil or gas present in the reservoir from proximal
hydrocarbon migration. Although none of the
wells are encounter commercial hydrocarbon they
have provide valuable data and encourage us to
put the study on Banuwati Coarse Clastic
sandstone facies.
HARIET-2
Hariet-2 well was penetrating 338’ thick of
Banuwati Coarse Clastic section. This section had
fair to good oil show while drilling and also had
trace to fair oil shows in sidewall core. Log
analysis was calculated 58’ net sand with average
porosity is about 13.6% and permeability
approximately is 11 mD. Laboratory analysis
results of two samples, taken from two different
points, show the permeability 2.18mD and 31mD.
The 31mD was derived from a poor preservation
sample. DST result was no flow to surface. The
well recovered only 24 barrel oil and 16 barrel
water since lost circulation is suspected has
damaged the reservoir.
The sandstones comprise medium to coarse
grained feldspathic litharenite with 3 – 12%
visible porosity. The framework grains are
composed mostly by quartz; follow by feldspars
and lithic fragments. The feldspars are
dominantly K-feldspars (perthite, microcline and
orthoclase) with less plagioclase. Some of
intergrown quartz and feldspar also present. The
grains are subangular to angular, poor to moderate
sorted with many convex and suture contacts
(Figure 4b). The clay matrixes are mostly illite
and chlorite. Cements are minor; they are quartz
overgrowth and ferroan calcite. Porosity is
intergranular and moldic. Detrital clay volume is
low (8.5-30%). Tight grain package indicates
compaction strongly reduced porosity and
permeability. Secondary porosity gives an
important role for preserve reservoir.
Petrographically, feldspar mineral significantly
has been leached and created the mouldic
porosity. The histogram shows the distribution of
primary and secondary porosity along the
sandstone samples in Banuwati sandstone in
Hariet-2 (Table 1). The comparison of primary
and secondary one is about equal. These should
give contribution for the performance of the
reservoir.
FMI analysis suggests there are two different
facies for the Banuwati Coarse Clastic interval in
Hariet-2. The lower part is gravel conglomeratic
sandstone facies, which gamma ray character
shows coarsening upward and has spiky patterns.
Sandstone rich facies is in the upper part which
gamma ray is blocky and more massive. It means
that two different sedimentary facies are involved
(Figure 4a). First, the braided channel system that
is oriented NNW-SSE or N-S was deposited and
then changed to delta lobe fan system with similar
direction.
The source of sediment is suspected from the
adjacent granitic basement high.
DARLENE-1
Darlene-1 was penetrating 620’ conglomerate
section of alluvial fan with no porosity and
permeability virtually. Stratigraphically, the age
of this facies is probably older than Banuwati
Shale and possibly equivalent to the Banuwati
Coarse Clastic section (Sukanto et al., 1998).
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The 30th HAGI, The 34th IAGI, The 14th PERHAPI Annual Conference and Exhibition
Log and MIJC analysis suggest very low porosity
and permeability (Figure 5a). Porosity and
permeability calculation from log analysis is about
15% and 0.99 mD respectively.
The immature conglomerate in Darlene-1
comprises granite, basalt, quartz, feldspar,
kaolinite, mafic mineral and methamorphic rock
as grain. Mudlog data notes, the typical
conglomerate is clear, grey, green to dark green,
white, hard, friable, and the grains are
predominantly subrounded to angular. Matrix is
fine to medium sand.
The only one poor preservation samples in
Banuwati Coarse Clastic interval observed under
polarized microscope, shows very coarse grain
sandstone of lithic arenite, consist of
polycrystalline and monocrystalline quartz as
main grain. Mica and labile lithic have deformed
and replaced by kaolinite and opaque mineral
(Figure 5b). The conglomerate is suspected
derived from the adjacent big normal fault in the
east. The fault is eastern boundary of the Asri
basin half graben.
MEGA-1
Mega-1 was penetrating 198’ of Banuwati Coarse
Clastic interval. It consists of intercalation of
sandstone and shale with minor coal. The
sandstone is very argillaceous and contains large
amount of detrital matrix and organic matter.
Log analysis and drilling parameter does not show
hydrocarbon occurrence in this well. Log profile
indicates the sandstone is very silty or even tight
(Figure 6a).
The sandstone is quartz arenite with fine grain,
subangular to angular, poor sorted, and contain
high levels of muddy matrix (over 50%). The
monocrystalline quartz is predominantly grain and
followed by feldspars, polycristalline quartz, and
lithic grain. Organic matter is present in minor.
However, it is described well as muddy or
argillaceous sandstone (Figure 6b).
Abundant muddy matrix is the main component
for lack of porosity. Other diagenesis processes
are replacement by kaolinite or illite clays, and
infilling by muddy matrix or by calcite or siderite
cement. Overgrowth quartz is present in small
quantity. Many of the finer grain samples show
possible evidence of degraded organic matter and
pedogenesis. It suggests that it may be paleosols
or silty overbank deposits.
ANASTASIA-1
The Banuwati Coarse Clastic interval in
Anastasia-1 consists of sandstone and shale
intercalation. It is shalier than Hariet-2 in the
upper part. Clean sandstone layers are mostly in
the middle part of the interval (Figure 7a). Log
profile evaluation, well position in the basin, and
maturity of the sandstone suggest that the
sandstone is interpreted as crevasse splay deposit.
Log analysis calculates 63’gross sand of 578’
Banuwati Coarse Clastic interval with no pay. The
porosity is about 10% and permeability is up to 8
mD. Log profile shows several layers of low
gamma ray sandstones with definite crossover of
porosity log and high resistivity for each layer. It
suggests that the sandstone is clean.
The sandstones are mostly subarkose with 1-10%
visible porosity. It is typically medium to very
coarse grain, subangular to subrounded, moderate
to well sorted, many suture and concave-convex
contact between the grains. Its components are
predominantly quartz (30%-67%), with
subordinate feldspar, lithic fragment, muscovite,
biotite, zircon, tourmaline, and chlorite. The
feldspars are consisting of K-feldspar (1%-7%)
and plagioklas (1%-11%). Lithics fragment are
minor and consist of volcanic and granitic rock,
metaquarzite, schist, chertz, sandstone and shale.
Organic matter also occurs in fragments and
laminae. The detrital clay matrix is range from
8%-14%. XRD analysis indicates the disperse
matrix mostly contain chlorite and illite (Figure
7b).
Compaction is the main role for porosity and
permeability reduction, particularly intergranular
porosity. The secondary clay such as kaolinite
and sericite, grain coating by mixed layer illite
and smectite, over growth quartz, and calcite
precipitation are also reducing the porosity. The
dissolution stage creates secondary porosity but
not significant.
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The 30th HAGI, The 34th IAGI, The 14th PERHAPI Annual Conference and Exhibition
Oil shows is observed in cutting and sidewall core
samples but laboratory result suggest it is derived
from drilling mud. Although most of analyses
suggest the reservoir is tight, fluid inclusion
analyses conclude hydrocarbon in form of wet gas
or condensate is present (Figure 8).
YANI FIELD COMPARISON
Banuwati Coarse Clastic sandstone facies in
Hariet-2 has the best quality as the reservoir in
Asri basin although the performance is still
questionable (Table 2). For anticipating this
problem, we compare the petrography and
laboratory analysis in Hariet-2 with Yani-2 (Yani
field is located in Sunda Basin – the nearest basin
– and has already produce oil) since the Yani-2
reservoir is stratigraphycally equivalent with the
Hariet-2.
Porosity and permeability plot shows reservoir
Hariet-2 and Yani-2 has relative similar quality
(Figure 9). Comparation of QFL triangular plot
demonstrates the difference between Hariet-2 and
Yani Field in Sunda Basin is in the feldspar
contain. It means the Hariet-2 reservoir has
mouldic pores besides the intergranular one.
Otherwise the reservoir facies in Yani Field only
has the intergranular porosity as the main porosity
framework (Figure 10).
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
Porosity and permeability is still developed in
reservoir at depth more than 10,000’ depth.
Hariet-2 recovered 24 barrels of oil within
Banuwati Coarse Clastic sandstone. However,
reservoir performance is still uncertain.
Secondary porosity gives an important role for
porosity preservation of deep reservoir such as
Banuwati Coarse Clastic sandstone. Feldspathic
litharenite sandstone contains similar amount of
mouldic and intergranular porosity. Feldspar
leaching is very intensive and found in large
amount creating mouldic pores extensively.
The tight Banuwati Coarse Clastic sandstone
facies in Anastasia-1 contains light hydrocarbon
show. It means we still have a chance to discover
the light oil or gas eventhough the sandstone
porosity is only about 10%.
Evaluation of four different sandstone facies
within Banuwati Coarse Clastic encourages us to
do more reservoir study in the early basin fill
sediment itself. Delicate facies mapping,
predicting proper depositional environment,
reservoir distribution, and followed by exploration
drilling is combination strategy for finding
another discovery in deep reservoir play in Asri
basin.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We thank Nusatriyo Guritno for his advice,
support and discussion, CNOOC management,
BPMIGAS, and CNOOC Partners for data
permission, CNOOC peer for their discussion, and
CNOOC drafting personnel for preparing some
figures.
REFERENCES
Folk, R. L., 1974, Petrology of Sedimentary Rock,
Hemphill Publishing Company,Austin, Texas, 182
p.
Sukanto, J., Nunuk F., J. B. Aldrich, G. P.
Rinehart, J. Mitchell, 1998, Petroleum Systems of
the Asri Basin, Java Sea, Indonesia, Proceedings
26th IPA Annual Convention.
Syarif, M., Bintoro W., Reno F., 2005,
Seismofacies study in early fill to source rock
depositional environment, Asri basin,
PROCEEDINGS JOINT CONVENTION HAGI-
IAGI-PERHAPI.
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The 30th HAGI, The 34th IAGI, The 14th PERHAPI Annual Conference and Exhibition

Secondary Porosities
Primary Porosities
12

4
10

4
Visible Porosity (%)
8

7 3
4
6

2 2

4 8 4
4

1 7
0 2
1 3 5
4 2 4 4
2

3 3 3
2 2 2 2 2
1 1
0
0

12162 12177 12182 12203 12224 12275 12281 12308 12324 12355 12361 12377 12386 12400 12401 12403

Depth (ft)

TABLE 1: Banuwati Coarse Clastic porosity distribution.

HARIET-2 DARLENE-1 MEGA-1 ANASTASIA-1

Sandstone Samples 16 1 7 7
Lithology Type Feldspathic Litharenite Litharenite Quartz Arenite Subarkose

Sand Provenance Transitional Recycle Lithic Recycle Cratonic Interior Cratonic Interior
Facies Interpretation Braided channel coarse Alluvial Fan Argillaceous Possible crevasse
sandstones overlied by Conglomerate sandstones in overbank splay facies of north-
distal fan lobe facies. deposits of fluvial south orientation
fluvial system.
Primary Porosity Intergranular porosity not observed low Mostly reduced by
reduced (mean 3.2%) signicant compaction
due to compaction and force.
cementation.
Secondary Porosity Extensive mouldic not observed low Minor Feldspar
porosity (mean 2.8%) leaching.
Potential secondary
porosity

TABLE 2: Banuwati Coarse Clastic petrography analysis summary.

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The 30th HAGI, The 34th IAGI, The 14th PERHAPI Annual Conference and Exhibition

FIGURE 1: Location map.

FIGURE 2: Banuwati Coarse Clastic outline.

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The 30th HAGI, The 34th IAGI, The 14th PERHAPI Annual Conference and Exhibition

FIGURE 3: Asri basin stratigraphy column (Sukanto et al., 1998)

b
Intergranular Porosity
Mouldic Pores
Monocrystalline Quartz

Feldspar
Poorly sorted feldspathic litharenite,
showing mouldic pores,
distributed terrigenous mud matrix.
Visible porosity ~4%

FIGURE 4: Hariet-2 type-log and thin section samples.

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The 30th HAGI, The 34th IAGI, The 14th PERHAPI Annual Conference and Exhibition

Polycrystalline quartz

Poss. Monocrystalline
Quartz
A very coarse grain sandstone,
showing polycrystalline and
monocrystalline quartz,
No definite porosity because
The sample is damage

FIGURE 5: Darlene-1 type-log and thin section samples.

Monocrystalline quartz
Organic matter

siderite

Poorly sorted
monoquartzs
monoQuartz
grain dominated
paleosol and mud
matrix. Locally
calcite and
Calcite cement
siderite cemented
the grains.

FIGURE 6: Mega-1 type-log and thin section samples.

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The 30th HAGI, The 34th IAGI, The 14th PERHAPI Annual Conference and Exhibition

medium to coarse grain, well sorted,

subangular-subrounded
Visible por : 4 %

Monocrystalline
Quartz

mouldic porosity

Feldspar
leaching

FIGURE 7: Anastasia-1 type-log and thin section samples.

FIGURE 8: Anastasia – 1 fluid inclusion analysis shows petroleum inclusion.

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The 30th HAGI, The 34th IAGI, The 14th PERHAPI Annual Conference and Exhibition

Poro-permYani 2 & Hariet-2

100
Permeability (mD)

Yani-2
10
Hariet-2

1
0.08 0.09 0.1 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.15 0.16 0.17 0.18
Porosity(pu)

FIGURE 9: Porosity and permeability plot of Banuwati Coarse Clastic sandstone of Hariet-2 vs Yani-2.

Quartz Litharenite
Q Well :
COMPOSITE Quartz Arenite A D ELLA -1
10
0

LITHOLOGY TYPE
JANTI-1
0

JA N T I- 2
JA N T I- 3
SubArkose Sublitharenite Subarkose Sublitharenite
JA N T I- 4
W ID Y A - 1
75
25

Y A N I- 1
ANASTASIA-1 Y A N I- 2
50
50

HARIET-2
25
75

Arkose Lithic Arkose Feldspathic Litharenite

Lithic Feldspathic Litharenite
Arkose
Arkose Litharenite Litharenite
0
10

F 0 25 50 75 100 L

ASRI BASIN Janti-Yani

FIGURE 10: Comparation sandstone type between Asri basin well and Janti Yani Field in QFL
triangular chart.

879