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Longitudinal
bracing
purlins
Cross bracing
<2m
1.5 Ic
2m
<2.5 m
2m
2.5 m
Height
Ic
Ic
2.5 m
span
R- VALUE
N = Registration Number
SECTION
R-VALUE =
600 + N + 3*N
600 + N + 2*(N-60)
600 + N + 4*(N-120)
600 + N + (N-180)
STEPS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
TYPES OF LOADINGS
DEAD LOAD
WD = 1000 N/m2
LIVE LOAD
WL = 950 N/m2
WD + WL
GRAVITY LOADS
WIND LOADS
LOAD CALCULATIONS
Assuming self weight of the girder is included in dead load
WD = 1000 * c-c spacing /1000 = ______________kN/m
WL = 950 * c-c spacing /1000 = ______________kN/m
WW.R = -875 * c-c spacing /1000 = ______________kN/m
WW.L = 1625 * c-c spacing /1000 = ______________kN/m
EXAMPLE
CALCULATION OF LOADS
HEIGHT , h (m)
SPAN , L (m)
10
WD = 5 kN/m
WL = 4.75 kN/m
WW.R = -4.375 kN/m
WW.L = 8.125 kN/m
LOAD COMBINATIONS
ASCE-7-05
LOAD COMBINATIONS
SIMPLIFIED LOAD COMBINATIONS
When the loads S, R, H, F, E and T are taken equal to zero and wind loads are taken from previous
codes:
1.4 D
1.2 D + 1.6 L + 0.5 Lr
1.2 D + 1.6 Lr + (L or 0.8W)
1.2 D + 1.3 W + 1.0 L + 0.5 Lr
0.9 D + 1.3 W
LOAD COMBINATIONS TO BE USED
1.2 D + 1.6 L
1.2 D + 0.5 L + 1.3 W
0.9 D + 1.3 W
WIND LOADS
1.2 WD + 1.6 WL
=13.6 KN/m
1.3 WW.L
=10.5625 KN/m
1.3 WW.L
=10.5625 KN/m
6
10
5
0.9
4.8
2.9
6.4
FORCES
MA (KN-m)
MD (KN-m)
G.L.A
2.8736w
2.8736w
W.L.A
-8.4860w
4.4515w
MB (KN-m)
-5.7471w
-5.7471w
6.7529w
5w
5w
1.4368w
1.4368w
2.0657w
-2.9968w
-0.4655w
-0.5063w
0.5063w
-4.7586w
1.2414w
Mc (KN-m)
Mmax (KN-m)
VA (KN)
VD (KN)
HA (KN)
HD (KN)
TABLE OF FORCES
FORCES
COMBINATIONS
1.2 D + 1.6 L
DESIGN VALUE
0.9 D + 1.3 W
MA (KN-m)
=13.6 (2.8736)
=___________
Sagging (+)
Hogging (-)
VA (KN)
=13.6 (5)
=___________
=
=
=
Compression (+)
Tension (-)
HA (KN)
=13.6 (1.4368)
=___________
=
=
=
MD, MB , MC ,
ME (KN-m)
VD , HD (KN)