Qa includes all planned and systematic actions necessary to

provide adequate confidence that an item, process or service will satisfy

given requirements with regard to quality. as such, it is wide ranging,
covering all relevant procedures, activities and actions, and hence, all
groups of staff involved in the process under consideration.
a Qa programme is part of a QMs and is focused on providing
confidence that the quality needs or expectations, whether stated,
generally implied or obligatory, are fulfilled.
a Qa programme in diagnostic radiology can be thought of as an
organized effort by the staff operating a facility to perform the most
appropriate examination, to produce images of sufficiently high quality
and consistency, and using the lowest possible dose, to result in the correct
diagnosis.
the World health organization states that satisfactory performance
in service implies the optimum quality of the entire process, i.e., the
consistent production of adequate diagnostic information with minimum
exposure of both patient and personnel. a comprehensive Qa programme
should, therefore, embrace the entire process of radiology

Qc is the process through which the actual quality performance is

measured and compared with existing standards, and the actions necessary
to keep or

regain conformance with the standards. it is one part of overall Qa,

intended to verify that structures, systems and components correspond to
predetermined requirements. it is concerned with operational techniques
and activities used:
to check that quality requirements are met;
to adjust and correct performance if the requirements are found not to
have been met.
19.2.4. Quality standards and good practice
Quality standards form a set of accepted criteria against which the
quality of particular activities can be assessed. Recommendations for
quality standards for diagnostic radiology have been issued by various
national and international organizations such as the iaea, the World health
organization and the Pan american health organization, and more
specifically by other organizations, such as the european commission, the
american association of Physicists in Medicine and the institute of Physics
and engineering in Medicine. Where recommended standards are not
available, local standards need to be developed, based on a local
assessment of requirements. good practice is a practice that can be
recommended on the basis of the most recent considerations of evidence
based data, long term experience and knowledge gained on the necessary
structure, process and outcome. Quality standards and good practice also
form a basis for clinical audit and are further discussed in section 23.4