Congestion Detection for Video Traffic in Wireless Sensor

Networks
Abstract:Congestion
detection,

control mechanisms

congestion

include

three phases:

congestion

notification and rate adjustment. So far diverse

congestion detection methods for sensor networks are proposed. In this paper
we introduce numerous congestion detection parameters and examine them in
various respects; finally we choose one of them as the best parameter for video
traffic in wireless sensor networks. Some of intended criteria for comparing the
parameters are cost, relation to quality of video, locality or being global in the
network, accuracy and speed of congestion detection. We simulated and
concluded that average delay is the most suitable parameter for congestion
detection in these networks.

Architecture:-

Network architecture

Existing System:Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs) has many challenges

such as nature of wireless media and multimedia information transmission.
Consequently traditional mechanisms for network layers are no longer
acceptable or applicable for these networks. Transport layer is one of the main
layers in WMSNs which has greatly influenced the overall performance of
received packets.
Disadavantage:

*) No synchronization between nodes.

*) Our network will not be
simultaneously go to a burst.

respondent

if

two

or

more

flows

Proposed System:Transport layer is one of the main layers in WMSNs which has greatly
influenced the overall performance of received packets. This is because of
limited bandwidth, high data transmission rate, burst nature of this
multimedia traffic and high effect of congestion on these packets . Proposed
methods for transport layer of sensor networks are classified in two categories:
*) Methods that provide reliability by retransmission Approach.
*) Methods that reliability is achieved by congestion Control.
Advantage:

*) congestion detection, congestion notification and rate adjustment

*) Sensing the channel

*) Direct effect on quality of received video

*) It is accurate in congestion detection and it quickly detects congestion
in network.
*) More flexibility in usage

Note:- Jitter is the variation in the time between packet s arriving, caused by
network congestion, timing drift, or route changes.

Modules:1.

Cost of congestion detection

One of the comparison metrics in congestion detection is the cost. Some methods have overhead
cost. Method with lower cost is most convenient in sensor networks. This cost is evaluated in two aspects:
power overhead and processing overhead.
Processing overhead: The parameters that are involved in intermediate nodes such as queue length,
channel load or power variance have more processing overhead because of large amount of load on
intermediate nodes.
Power overhead: This cost is the amount of energy that is consumed for congestion detection. These
parameters are classified in three categories:
Sensing the channel: Among methods that are listed in the TABLE I. those that have the cost of sensing
channel have higher energy consumption and so they are not suitable for WMSNs.
Using extra packets: Using retransmission time of dropped packets includes not only retransmission
request but also transmission of dropped packet. These methods waste a great amount of energy for
congestion detection in sensor nodes.
Low cost: Some methods do not necessitate extra cost for congestion detection. These methods are the
most suitable for congestion detection in WMSNs.

2.

Effect of congestion detection on quality of received video

One of the main criteria that are important for selecting congestion detection parameters is the way
that parameter affects the quality of received video in Sink. The more that parameter affects the quality of
video; the better is to use it in WMSNs. As we know delay, jitter and packet loss are metrics of quality of
service. Among the parameters remaining from previous section, delay and jitter comply with quality of
service. Other parameters such as queue length, service time of packets or inter-arrival time of packets are
indirectly affect the quality of service. Reducing these parameters causes the decrease of delay and as a
result enhancement of the quality of received video.

3.

Congestion Misdetection
Occurrence of congestion in network is proportionate to number of resources that at the same time
or in a low interval transmit I packets in one route. Variance of most of the congestion detection parameters
is proportionate to traffic pattern. This means that with increasing transmission rate, variance of them are
increased and reducing rate decreases their variance. The only parameter that does not show this behavior is
inter-arrival time of packets. This parameter is useful when inter transmission time of packets are equal and
in such a condition it is recognized that if inter reception of them changed we infer that there is a
congestion in the path. But source node in video traffics transmit packet in different intervals (packets
belonging to different frame types) and so sink cannot determine whether the interval between receiving
packets are due to congestion or for another reason. So this parameter is not convenient for our video
network.

4.

Speed of congestion detection

We know that by the advent of congestion in network, queue length in intermediate nodes is
increased and as a result delay of packets is increased. Having a scrutiny in equations we come to the
conclusion that delay of each packet has a direct effect on average delay. But difference of delay of each
packet versus average delay makes jitter. So by increase of delay, average of delay grows quicker than
average of jitter and therefore congestion is detected and controlled quicker consequently.

System Configuration:
Hardware Required:
System

Pentium IV 2.4 GHz

Hard Disk

40 GB

 Floppy Drive

1.44 MB

Monitor

15 VGA color

Mouse

Logitech

Keyboard

110 Keys enhanced

RAM

512MB

O/S

Windows XP.

Language

C#.Net

Software Required: