Detailed Lesson Plan in Biological Science

I.

OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson 100% of the students shall be able to attain 80% level of
proficiency to:
1) Explain genetic phenomena using the concepts of multiple alleles.
2) Solve simple blood typing problems and realize its importance.

II.

SUBJECT MATTER
A. Topic: Non-Mendelian Patterns of Heredity (Multiple Alleles)
B. Concept: Multiple alleles is a pattern of inheritance when a gene may have more than
two alleles for any given traits.
Example:

Type 0
(ii)

Type A
(IAIA
,IAi)

Human
Blood
Type

Type
AB
(IA IB)

Type B
(IBIB,IBi)

C. Reference: Handbook in Genetics, Pg49-53; Next Generation Bilogy Textbook,

Pg318, Phoenix Next Centry, Biology Pg123; Handbook in Genetics, BPSC pg49-53;
google.com
D. Materials: Chalks, blackboard, paper, pencil/ball pen, projector, powerpoint
presentation.
E. Skills: Solving and predicting.
F. Value: Be contented of your physical traits brought about by genetic inheritance.
Realized the importance of genetic crosses and pedigree charts in predicting
the occurrence of genetic disorders in offspring.
III.

TEACHING PROCEDURES
A. Routinary Activities
1. Prayer
2. Greeting of the class
3. Checking of attendance
4. Checking of assignment

B. Developmental Activities

Teachers Activities
1) Motivation.
Before we start our lesson, lets have a game. I will
group you into two. Each group will be given an envelop
with jumbled letters inside. I want you to form it into 2
words. I will give you a clue regarding that words and
the first group who will answer my question correctly
will be declared the winner. Is the instruction clear class?

Pupils Activities

Yes Maam.

Let us start. (The teacher will distribute the envelops.)

Clue: It is the term used when pertaining to the traits
regulated by more than two alleles.

What are the two words formed in the activity?

Thats correct! That will be our topic for today.

Everybody, please read our learning objectives.

2) Lesson Proper
All along we have been talking about traits that have been
determined by only two different alleles. Its true, each of
us have two alleles for each gene, but geneticists
discovered that there some traits that are not controlled
only by two alleles but by multiple alleles.
What is your idea about multiple alleles? Anyone from
the class?
Thats correct! From the word itself, multiple, meaning
more than 2. Therefore, multiple alleles is a pattern of
inheritance when a gene may have more than two alleles
for any given traits. The expression of character is still
controlled by one gene pair, but the gene has three or
more alleles. For example, its not just black and white,
not just white and green, but maybe black, white and
green or green, brown and red.
An example of multiple allelism is the inhereitance of
human blood ABO blood type. A, B, AB and O. Three
alleles control this character, the A, B, and O.

(Students will work on the activity as

directed)

Maam, its multiple alleles.

Objectives:
1) Explain genetic
phenomena using the
concepts of multiple
alleles.
2) Solve simple blood typing
problems and realize its
importance.

Multiple alleles pertains to the traits

regulated by more than two alleles.

The following symbols represent these alleles:

IA causes the formation of immunoglobulin (I) A on the
surface of the RBC.
IB causes the formation of immunoglobulin (I) B on the
surface of the RBC.
i does not form immunoglobulins, whether A or B.
Although there are three differnet alleles for ABO blood
type, only two are present in an individual at a time. A
list of all possible combinations of alleles and their
corresponsing phenotypes are shown.
Genotype
IAIA
IAi
IBIB
IBi
IAIB
Ii

Blood Type (Phenotype)

A
A
B
B
AB
O

Recall the terms homozygous, heterozygous, dominant

and recessive traits.What does the table tell you about the
dominance of the alleles for blood type?

Exactly, alleles A and B are dominant over O, however, A

and B are co-dominant. So, what does a person with
blood type AB inherited?
Very good! How about the genotype of person with type
O?
Good! How about a person with type A blood?

Nice! And finally, a type B person inherited either

genotype IBIB or IBi.

It tells that the genes for IA and IB are

dominant over i but neither one is
dominant over the other.

A person with blood type AB inherited

the genotypeIAIB.

A person with type O blood inherited the

genotype ii.

A person with type A blood inherited

either a genotype IAIA or IAi.

Sample Problem:
A woman with type AB blood is married to a type O man,
What are the chances that their child will have type AB or
type O blood?
Keys: IAIB type AB
ii type O

P1: IAIB x ii
IA
i
IAi
i
IAi
A
B
GR: 2 I i; 2 I i
PR: 2 type A: 2 type B

IB
IB i
IB i

Answer: There are no chances that the

child will be type AB or type O. Instead,
the child could be type A or type B.

Another sample problem:

Given that both the bride and the groom have blood type
AB.
1) What is the genotype of each?
2) Predict the possible genotypes and phenotypes of the
children that can be produced by the newly married
couple. To do this, perfrom a punnet square and show the
genotypic and phenotypic ratios in the following
offspring.

IAIA , IAIB, IAIB , IBIB

P1 : IAIB x IAIB

IA
IB

IA
IAIA
IAIB

IB
IAIB
IB IB

GR: 1 IAIA : 2 IAIB :1 IBIB

Another example of multiple alleles are genes that

specified coat color in rabbits, called C gene. The C gene
comes in four common alleles: C, cch, ch and c:

A CC rabbit has black or brown fur.

A cch cch rabbit has chinchilla coloration (grayish
fur).
A ch ch has Himalayan (color-point) patterning,
with a white body and dark ears, face, feet and
tail.
A cc rabbit is albiono, with a pure white coat.

PR: 1 blood type A: 2 blood type AB: 1

blood type B

Multiple alleles makes for many possible dominance

relationships. In this case, the black C allele is
completely dominant to all the others; the chinchilla allele
cch cch is incompletely dominant to the Himalayan ch ch
and albino alleles cc; and the Himalayan allele ch ch is
completely dominant to the albino c allele.
IV APPLICATION:
Paternity Problems:
Ms. Singh is unsure who the father of her child is. The
child is type A blood. Father #1 is type AB blood. Father
#2 is type B blood. Ms. Singh is type AB blood. Whos
the biological father?

Mother: AB blood type = IAIB

Father #1: AB blood type = IAIB
Father #2: B blood type =IBIB
IB i
Solution:
Father #1: IAIB x IAIB
IA
IA
IA IA
B
I
IA IB

IB
IA IB
IB IB

Possible that father #1 is the biological

father.
Father #2: IBIB or IBi
P1 = IAIB x IBIB
IA
IB
IA IB
B
I
IA IB

IB
IB IB
IB IB

*No offspring with type A blood in IBIB

father.
P1 = IAIB x IAi
I
i

IA
IA IB
IA i

IB
IB IB
IB i

*One offspring with type A blood in IAi

father.
Answer: Both father #1 and #2 could
possibly be the father of the child.

V: GENERALIZATION
Let us have a summary of what we discussed today.
Please fill in the blanks.

I have learned today that _____ is a

pattern of inheritance when a gene may
have more than two alleles for any given
traits. A good example of it is the human
blood type with 3 alleles, __, __ and O.
Blood type A and B are both ___ while
Blood type O is ____.

IV.
EVALUATION.
Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1) How many genotypes are possible for a person with blood type A?
a) 2 possible genotypes, namely IAIA and of IAi.
b) 1 possible genotype, which is IAIA.
c) 3 possbile genotypes, namely IAi, IAIA, and IAIB
d) None of the above.
2) What is the phenotype of a person with genotype IAi?
a) Blood type B.
b) Blood type A.
c) Blood type O.
d) Blod type AB.
3) What is the phenotype of IAIB?
a) Blood type A
b) Blood type B
c) Blood type AB
d) Blood type O.
4) If i is combined with any of the other alleles, will it be physically expressed?
a) Yes
b) No
5) Can a couple with both husband and wife having blood type A, produce a child with
blood type O?
a) Yes, provided that they have heterozygous genotype, IAi.
b) No, they will not produce a child with blood type O since they are both blood type A.
c) None of the above.

Answer Key:
1) A
2) B
3) C
4) B
5) A
V: ASSIGNMENT:
A paternity case involves these facts: a woman is A, her child is O, and the alleged father is
B. Could he be the father? Explain.
Answer: Yes, provided that the mother is IAi and the father is IBi.
Prepared by:
Donna L. Domingo, R.N.
CTP Batch IX (Biological Science)