Escuela Politcnica Nacional

Gestin de la calidad
Captulo 12, Ejercicios 1-5
Nombres: Grupo: Gr-2 Subgrupo: E
Gabriela Castro Stalyn Simbaa
Mariela Beln Chimbolema David Suquillo
Marco Pez Omar Ynez
Willer Wladimir Pozo

1. Manov Steel, Inc., has a rolling mill that produces sheet steel with a nominal
thickness of 0.125 inch. Suppose that the specification limits are given by LSL = 0.120
and USL = 0.130 inch. Based on historical data, the actual thickness of a random sheet
produced by the mill is normally distributed with mean and standard deviation of f
= . and = . .
a. What are the lower and upper natural tolerance limits (LNTL and UNTL) for individual
sheets of steel?
LNTL = - 3 = 0.1175
UNTL - + 3 = 0.1325

b. What are the lower and upper control limits (LSL and USL) if we use a control chart that
plots the average thickness of samples of size n = 4?
LSL = - 3/n = 0.12125
USL = + 3/n = 0.12875

c. What will be the percentage nonconforming, given the above values for (LNTL, UNTL)
and (LSL, USL)? What is the process capability index Cpk? Do you consider this process
capable of meeting its performance specifications?
P(X<LSL) = (ZLSL) = 0.0668
P(X>USL) = 1- (ZUSL) = 0.0668
% No conforme 13.36% bastante mal!
ULSL = 1.5
Zmin = 1.5
Cpk = 0.5 < 1 Proceso no capaz
d. Suppose that the process mean suddenly shifts from 0.125 to 0.1275. What happens to
the process capability index Cpk and the percentage nonconforming?
P(X<LSL) = (ZLSL) = 0.0062
P(X>USL) = 1- (ZUSL) = 0.5
% No conforme 50.62%, Mucho peor debido a ms errores arriba USL

ZLSL = -2.5
ULSL = 0.5
Zmin= 0.5
Cpk = 0.167 Disminuido (peor) debido al cambio medio
e. Under the conditions of d. What is the probability that the Xchart specified in b will detect
an out-of-control signal on the first sample after the change in process mean?
Prob fuera de control = % defectuoso = 50.62%. Pero esto es alta y baja. Bajo de las seales
de control son errores. Probabilidad de detectar cambio media hacia arriba es 50%2.
2. A purchasing agent has requested quotes for valve gaskets with diameters of 3.0
0.018 in. SPC studies of three suppliers have indicated that their processes are in
statistical control and produce measurements that are normally distributed with the
following statistics:
Supplier 1: = 3 inches = 0.009
Supplier 2: = 3 inches = 0.0044
Supplier 3: = 2.99 inches = 0.003

Assuming that all suppliers offer the same price and delivery reliability/flexibility, which
supplier should the agent purchase from? Explain your reasoning.

Proveedor ZLSL ZUSL Zmin Cpk

1 3 0.009 -2.0 2.0 2.0 0.67
2 3 0.0044 -4.1 4.1 4.1 1.4
3 2.99 0.003 -2.7 9.3 2.7 0.9

3. Consider a single machine that requires one hour to process parts. With probability
p, a given part must be reworked, which requires a second one-hour pass through
the machine. However, all parts are guaranteed to be good after a second pass, so
none go through more than twice.
a. Compute the mean and variance of the effective processing time on this machine as a
function of p.
525.600
= = 99.9% Tiempo de actividad.
525.600+500
b. Use your answer from a to compute the squared coefficient of variation (SCV) of the
effective processing times. Is it an increasing function of p? Explain.
500
= = 0.00095, que es entre 4 y 5 sigmas de calidad.
525.600+500
4. Suppose the machine in Problem 1 is part of a two-station line, in which it feeds a
second machine that has processing times with a mean of 1.2 hours and SCV of 1.
Jobs arrive to the line at a rate of0.8 job per hour with an arrival SCV of 1.
a. Compute the expected cycle time in the line when p = 0.1.
Sea Te el tiempo de proceso (al azar) efectivo. Entonces:
[ ] = (1 )1 + 2 = 1 + 2 = 1 +

[ 2 ] = (1 )12 + 22 = 1 + 4 = 1 + 3

[ ] = [ 2 ] [ ]2 = 1 + 1 + 3 = (1 )

b. Compute the expected cycle time in the line when p = 0.2.

El SCV del tiempo de proceso efectivo es:
( ) (1 )
2 = 2
=
[ ] (1 + )2
Que parece:

Cuando p es 0 o 1, no hay variabilidad en absoluto en el tiempo de proceso (as Var (Te)

=0). Por lo tanto, la variabilidad del proceso se maximiza para un valor intermedio de p (en
p = 0,33). Tenga en cuenta, sin embargo, que el tiempo medio del proceso se maximiza en
p = 1.

5. Suppose a cellular telephone plant purchases electronic components from various

suppliers. For one particular component, the plant has a choice between two
suppliers: Supplier 1 has delivery lead times with a mean of 15 days and a standard
deviation of 1 day, while supplier 2 has delivery lead t (mes with a mean of 15 days
and a standard deviation of 5 days. Both suppliers can be assumed to have normally
distributed lead times.
a. Assuming that the cellular plant purchases the component on a lot-for-lot basis and wants
to be 99 percent certain that the component is in stock when needed by the production
schedule, how many days of lead time are needed if supplier 1 is used? Supplier 2?
 (1) = 1.1
0.1(1 0.1)
2 (1) = = 0.074
(1 + 0.1)2
(1) = (1) = 0.8 1.1 = 0.88

2 (1) + 2 (1) (1)

(1) = ( )( ) (1) + (1)
2 1 (1)
1 + 0.0074 0.88
(1) = ( )( ) 1.1 + 1.1 = 5.43
2 1 0.88
2 (2) = 2 (1) 2 (1) + (1 2 (1)) 2 (1)

2 (2) = 0.882 (0.074) + (1 0.882 )(1) = 0.2832

(2) = (2) = 0.8 1.2 = 0.96

2 (2) + 2 (2) (2)

(2) = ( )( ) (2) + (2)
2 1 (2)
1 + 0.2832 0.96
(2) = ( )( ) 1.2 + 1.2 = 19.68
2 1 0.96
= (1) + (2) = 5.43 + 19.65 = 25.11
b. How many days will a typical component purchased from supplier 1 wait in inventory
before being used? From supplier 2? How might this information be used to justify using
supplier 1 even if it charges a higher price?

(1) = 1.2
0.2(1 0.2)
2 (1) = = 0.1111
(1 + 0.2)2
(1) = (1) = 0.8 1.2 = 0.96

2 (1) + 2 (1) (1)

(1) = ( )( ) (1) + (1)
2 1 (1)
1 + 0.1111 0.96
(1) = ( )( ) 1.2 + 1.2 = 17.2
2 1 0.96
2 (2) = 2 (1) 2 (1) + (1 2 (1)) 2 (1)

2 (2) = 0.962 (0.1111) + (1 0.962 )(1) = 0.1808

(2) = (2) = 0.8 1.2 = 0.96

2 (2) + 2 (2) (2)

(2) = ( )( ) (2) + (2)
2 1 (2)
 1 + 0.1808 0.96
(2) = ( )( ) 1.2 + 1.2 = 18.2
2 1 0.96
= (1) + (2) = 17.2 + 18.2 = 35.4
c. Suppose that the cellular plant purchases (on a lot-for-lot basis) 100 parts from different
suppliers, all of which have delivery times like those of supplier 1. Assuming all components
are assigned the same lead time, what lead times are required to ensure that all components
are in stock when required by the schedule? How does your answer change if all suppliers
have lead times like those of supplier 2?
El retrabajo afecta la variabilidad del proceso en la estacin 1 y la variabilidad del flujo en
la estacin 2 y tambin afecta la capacidad de la estacin 1.
Obsrvese que el aumento de la tasa de retrabajo en la estacin 1 efectivamente caus
que la variabilidad del flujo a la estacin 2 disminuyera, resultando en un menor tiempo de
ciclo en la estacin 2. Sin embargo, la disminucin en la capacidad da lugar a un aumento
de utilizacin que compensa esta disminucin con un aumento En el tiempo de ciclo en la
estacin 1.