Slavery-

In 1619, the first Africans were brought from the Dutch as independent servants. Over the
centuries, they were bought for slave labor. Which leads to them being denied basic human
rights and being abused. There are three periods of overcoming slavery: abolition, antebellum
and reconstruction.
Abolition, and against slavery sentiment in U.S. which dates back to the time of the first slaves,
so the 1600s for sure. It didn't come into the forefront until the 1800s when the first abolitionist
periodicals were published. It gained power over the next few decades tracking back to Lincoln's
1862 Emancipation Proclamation. It freed all slaves in rebel states.
Antebellum, not all blacks were enslaved in a time before the civil war, but they weren't treated
equally. Free blacks found in the North had papers proving they be not slaves or they were
captured and sent to the South to be sold into slavery.
Reconstruction, the U.S. government sent soldiers to the South to protect the blacks and their
newly won freedom. Though when they got their freedom, a lot of them didn't know what to do
with themselves, so a lot of them became sharecroppers. They also still weren't able to go to
school and churches. The blacks were segregated and also during the second half of the 19th
century violent groups like the Ku Klux Klan terrorized the blacks.

KKK-
The KU Klux Klan founded in 1866 or originally after the civil war and by Nathan Bedford
Forrest along with five other confederate soldiers. The KKK spread into almost every
South state by 1870. They hated the blacks and people who had disabilities, Jews, and
homosexuals. They were a white supremacist group and when they traveled around you
could tell them by the white robes and hood they wore and by the big crosses, they
burned. They were one of the most famous hate groups, its history and the KKK went
through many rises and downfalls. They are still kicking today, but with only a handful of
people, not legions and are non-violent.

Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation-

In 1862, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation which sets the date for the
freedom of more than three million black slaves in the U.S. It promoted the mission of
reestablishing a unified nation an important goal. The document was not completely
accepted in the confederacy and therefore, did not free the slaves immediately. So
enslaved people made their way to union lines in battle zones and in 1865 the promise
was kept. Four million people were freed from bondage, and chattel slavery came to an
end.

Discrimination-
Age, Disability, Equal pay, Genetic Info, Harassment, National Origin, Pregnancy, Religion,
Retaliation, sex and sexual Harassment are all forms of discrimination, which is as old as
human society. The hate and fear of something different from us are human nature. Racial
discrimination of the black African Americans is the one I will touch on. The work situations, the
harassment, and employment policies they faced. In the 19th century institutionalized racism
legal disclamation. Go back in time, before the law against segregation was passed.
Segregation was viewed mostly in the South but changed when the Great Migration took place
resulting in the southern blacks moving North after WW1. Segregation, racial discrimination and
white supremacy increased and violence spread against blacks resulting in riots. It took place
mostly in Boston, Chicago, and NY., but Chicago was the most violent. Organized protest
spread in 1954 and someone by the name of Martin Luther King Jr was a catalyst for the
non-violent protests in the 1960s. With all those protests against segregation, something finally
happened. The passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 happened. It prohibited decimation in
public facility's government and employment, which was huge. It really impacted the U.S.

Jim Crow Laws-

Jim Crow was not a person, but a song that was popular in the 19th century that
stereotyped blacks. The law began in the 1880s; it legalized segregation. Then between
1880 and 1960 the law expanded to more cities, and states and could impose legal
punishments. For example, those who were deemed consorting with or marrying other
races was punished. Trains, buses, restaurants, schools, hospitals, parks, cemeteries
and many other public facilities were segregated. The law was finally abolished on July
2, 1964. President Lyndon Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act which outlawed public
accommodation segregation.

The Great Migration-

Between 1915-1970 more than 6 million, people moved out of the South and into the North. A
massive demographic shift across the U.S. from 1910-1930 and New York, Chicago, Detroit,
and Cleveland was hit hard. The major cities had a growth of up to roughly 40 percent. The
employment in the industrial jobs doubled, which had a big impact upon our economy. Then to
top that suburbanization and ghettos was being created as a result of the millions of people
moving North. The Great Migration was a big thing if you ask me.

Civil Right Act of 1964-

"An act to enforce the constitutional right to vote, to confer jurisdiction upon the district courts of
the United States of America to provide injunctive relief against discrimination in public
accommodations, to authorize the Attorney General to institute suits to protect constitutional
rights in public facilities and public education, to extend the Commission on Civil Rights, to
prevent discrimination in federally assisted programs, to establish a Commission on Equal
Employment Opportunity, and for other purposes." July 2, 1964, it came into being. The act
abolished discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. It finally gave the
long earned freedom to the blacks, who fought for so long for.

American Civil Rights Movement-

It was a movement against racial segregation, and it was in the mid-1950s it came into
national prominence. So, after the civil war, the blacks were granted basic civil rights
through the 14th and 15th amendment. Then throughout the next century, the blacks
struggled to secure these rights given to them after the war. Then in the 1950s. The 60s
through non-violent protests they broke through. The blacks were granted equal rights
legislation for African Americans.

NAACP-
(National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) Their purpose is to
Ensure the political educational, social and economic equality of rights of all person's
and to eliminate racial hatred and racial discrimination." NAACP was formed in 1909 and
was a group devoted to Civil Rights. They practiced non-violent protests like the
Montgomery Bus Boycott and did beautiful work in the courtrooms also with the Brown
vs. Board of Education issue which when won established 30 freedom schools
throughout Mississippi. NAACP also started the non-violent sit-inns at segregated lunch
counters and in parks, pools, libraries, churches and museums.