Supporting the Big Bang Theory

The Big Bang was an _____. Explosion

The universe is _____. Expanding
Whats moving? Galaxy Clusters
If we role back time, the universe must have come from a _____. Tiny Dot
Due to Hubble's Law, are farther away galaxies moving (slower) the (same) or (faster)? Faster
The universe is expending because of the _____of distant galaxies. Redshift
What was the universe in early history? Hot
What did the universe leave behind as it expanded? A "Glow"
How is this "glow" that was left behind after expansion, visible? Through Microwaves
How were the Cosmic Microwaves accurately measured? Orbiting Detectors
What has the temperature of the universe done from the beginning of time, to now? Cooled
_____ were created. Elements
What does the Big Bang theory predict about the elements in the early universe? How much of
each should have been made.
The common alternative to the Big Bang theory is called the ______. Steady State Theory
What is the Steady State Theory about? New matter is being continuously made as the
Universe expands

Production of Elements in the Universe

Nucleosynthesis is the birthing of new _____ _____. Atomic nuclei
The two main kinds of nucleosynthesis are? Big Bang nucleosynthesis and stellar
nucleosynthesis
As the universe expanded, _____ _____ "froze " into neutrons and protons. Quark-gluon
Plasma
When the neutrons and and protons interacted, they caused what kind of reactions? Nuclear
Why did the nuclear reactions stop? It became too cold
After the unstable isotopes and neutrons died away, what was left? (2 or more) Hydrogen,
helium, deuterium and lithium
The elements: hydrogen, helium, deuterium and lithium were made into stars by what
nucleosynthesis? Stellar
Main sequence stars get energy from...? Nuclear reactions in their cores
Non-main sequence stars get energy from...? Nuclear reactions in a shell
Proton-proton chain, triple alpha, s process and CNO cycle all lead to a fusion of _____, _____.
Then, in what star phase are these made? (list at least 4) Hydrogen & helium to produce
oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, and the iron section/Red Giant
When a cosmic ray collides with a nucleus in the Earths atmosphere, it break's into two or more
pieces. What is this process called? Cosmic ray spallation
Cosmic ray spallation produces what elements? (al least 2) lithium, beryllium, and boron
In a core collapse supernova, huge amounts of new nuclei are created in the nuclear reactions
set off by the flood of neutrons. What the main process is this? r process
The "r process" produces what kind of elements? Heavier elements such as copper to uranium.
How are the heavier elements made by the r process? By radioactive decay of unstable
isotopes

The Life Cycle of Stars

Stars are formed in what? Nebulae- Clouds of Dust and Gas
Nuclear reactions from the center of stars offers enough _____ for them to ____ for many
_____. Energy, Shine and Years
What depends on the lifetime of stars? Its Size
Massive stars burn their fuel _____ than smaller stars. Faster
Which star burn longer, Massive or Small Star? Small
How long will massive stars last? Few Hundred Thousand Years
How long will small Star last? Several Billion Years
Why do smaller stars last longer? They Burn Slower
As the star ages, what happens? The hydrogen fuel that powers the nuclear reactions within
stars will begin to run out
As a star enters the final phases of their lifetime, what happens to it physically? It will cool and
change color
Stars will cool, expand and change color to become _____. Red Giants
After Stars become a Red Giant, the path then depends on the _____ of the star. Mass
What is the size of the Sun? So what kind of death will the Sun undergo, What will it become?
Small, peaceful death that sees them pass through a planetary nebula phase to become a white
dwarf
What kind of star will experience an energetic and violent end, which will see their remains
thrown across the cosmos in a gigantic explosion, and what do wee call these massive
explosions? Massive, Supernova
After a "Supernova", what remains? A rapidly spinning neutron star, or possibly even a black
hole

What is the astronomical evidence based on the light spectra of stars

What american astronomer demonstrated that there was more to our universe than our galaxy.
Who found that there were many separate clumps of stars and that they were far, far far away
from our own galaxy? Edwin Hubble
What color of the light spectrum were galaxies putting off? Red Light
Due to what effect, were these galaxies putting off a certain light? Doppler effect (known as
redshift)
What is Doppler effect (aka redshift)? It indicates that the galaxies around us are in fact
moving away.
After a study of the redshifts of a class of stars called Cepheids, Hubble concluded that the
galaxies and clusters were in fact _____ _____ from each other at _____ _____. Flying Apart
and High Speed
What concluded that the universe was "therefore definitively growing in size"? Hubble's Analysis
In our _____ universe, every galaxy is moving _____ from us with a speed which is in direct
_____ to its distance. Expanding, Away, Proportion
How do we figure out what our sun in made up of, or any star for instance? By measuring
wavelength/frequency of the the light coming from the star.
Spectroscopy is what? Is using light from a far away object to figure out what elements it's made
up of
What do we refer the universe expansion? "metric expansion"
What is the metric expansion? that the galaxies themselves are not expanding, but the clusters
of galaxies into which the matter of the universe has become divided
What is becoming of the galaxies in which the matter of the universe has become divided?
separated and scarcely spread in the universe
..
When we look up at the galaxies, what color are they? Red

http://www.schoolsobservatory.org.uk/astro/stars/lifecycle

http://hubblesite.org/reference_desk/faq/all.php.cat=light

http://www.universetoday.com/51797/nucleosynthesis/

http://www.physicsoftheuniverse.com/topics_bigbang_expanding.html

http://www.schoolsobservatory.org.uk/astro/cosmos/bb_evid