cE Ii ~

,-J

MEMORANDUM REPORT NO. 1832

POINT IGNITION IN HARP GUNS S.MULTIPLE

Lr by

G. V. Bull
C. H. Murphy
D. Lyster

March 1967

Distribution of this document is unlimited. , . .

U. S. ARMY MATERIEL COMMAND

BALLISTIC RESEARCH LABORATORIES
ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND, MARYLAND
BALLISTIC RESEARCH LABORATORIES

MEMORANDUM REPORT NO. 1832

MARCH 1967

MULTIPLE POINT IGNITI_, !N HARP GUNS

G. V. Bull
Space Research Institute
McGill University, Montreal, P.Q., Can.

C. H. Murphy
Ballistic Research Laboratories
Aberdeen Provirg Ground, Md.
D. Lyster
Space Research Institute
McGill University, Montreal, P.Q., Can.

Distribution of this hocumt Is unlimited.

RD&E Project No. 1V025001A616

ABERDEEN PR O VI N G GR OUN D, MARYLAND

I
SBALLISTIC RESEARCH LABORATORIES

MORANDUM REPORT NO. 1832

GVBull/CHMurphy/DLyster/sjw
Aberdeen Proving Ground, Md.
March 1967

MULTIPLE POINT IGNITION IN HARP GUNS

ABSTRACT

The usual powder charge in the 16-inch HARP gun can be as long
as 12 feet in an even longer chamber. If the charge length is more
than "Ifeet shorter than the available chamber, the pressure time curve
can be significantly improved by dividing this interval into 2 to 4
sub-intervals by use of wooden spacers. An even more dramatic improvement
can be achieved by igniting this column of powder at several points.
Recently, five point ignition with two squibs in each location has been
used in the 119-foct long 16-inch gun at Yuma Proving Ground, Arizona
with very good results.

A' The service charge for a 16-inch gun is 660 pounds of standard
16-inch gun propellant. This charge will launch a 3000-pound pro-
jectile at 2800 feet per second, but is too slow burning to launch the
standard HARP projectile plus sabot weight of 410 pounds at this velocity.
With multiple point ignition, 1275 pounds of this propellant
accelerated the HARP projectile to 5900 feet per second and an apogee of
414,000 feet was #pUhve4.

Even better performance can be achieved with multiple point

ignition. A WM/M propellant with 0.220 web (920 pounds) allows the HARP
projectile to reach 6800 feet per second and an altitude of 540,000 feet
Swhilp a n2?25 M8M propellant yields a muzzle velocity of 7000 feet per
seronfd and a 590,000-foot apogee.

3
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page

ABSIT ACT . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
LIST OF FIGURES . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . 7
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
S~TIEORY9

HARP GUN SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 10

Single Point, Non-Spaced Charge . . . . 1..6

Single Point, Spaced Charge .... . . . . . . . . 16
Multiple Point, Spaced Charge .... . . ... ... . 20

CONCLUDING DISCUSSION . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. o 31
REFERENCES .:.2........................ .. 2
DISTRIBUTION LIST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 33

I5
I
LIST OF FIGURES
Page

1 5-inch and 16-inch gun at Yuma Proving Ground,Arizona . . .*. 11

2 Chamber of 16-inch YPG gun ................. 12

3 16-inch gun limiting stress ard pressure distribution .... 13

4 Standard grain geometry ................. 15

5 Standard ignition - 16-i nch

gun ............. 17

6 Breech pressure histories ................ 18

7 Diagram of spaced charge .................. 19

8 Charge vs pressure . . . . . . . ....... 21

9 Velocity vs pressure, spaced and non-spaced . . . . ... 22

10 Multiple point ignition .................. 23

11 Prsmureyoftrmechres ep s..c.
. . . .2..... . 27

12 Multiple-point ignition . ................. 26

13 ~~~~Summary of breech pressure profiles . . . . . . .2

114 Multiple-point ignition results - velocity vs pressure. ... 28

15 Multiple-point results compared with theory-velocity vs

pressure. . . . . . o
. o. . . o. o o .. o .. o o 29

16 Breech pressure profiles - multiple-poirt and theory ..... 30

7
 INTRODUCTION

A basic aim of the HARP program is the use of gun-.launched pro-

jectiles and gun-boosted rockets to reach extreme altitudes. 1 3 5-
inch gun-launched projectiles have reached 250,000 feet, 7-inch
gun-launched projectiles have exceeded 330,000 feet, while a HARP
extended 16-inch gun has reached 590,000 feet with a 185-pound
projectile. With the 16-inch gun, very long charge lengths have
been used and ratios of charge weight to in-gun projectile weight greater
than three were encountered.

The host of ballistic data available on conventional guns along

with semi-empirically developed computer programs based on conventional
solutions have been used to predict 16-inch H1ARP gun performance.
With the large number of firings used in the program, many variations in
propellant loading and ignition techniques were introduced This report
has been prepared to correlate the results of numerous HARP firings,5"7
and to present conclusions based upon them.

THEORY

The model generally used to predict gun performance is that

postulated by authors such as Hunt and Hinds.8 Implicit in this model
are the assumptions of a uniform shot start pressure, initial burning on
all surfaces, and a pressure distribution at wny time which is quasi-
dynamic.4
The standard method of solution is to determine the amount of energr
released by the burning propellant (from thermodynamic characteristics
and burning rate), and from this to calculate the space mean gas pressure.
Account is taken of the covolume factor in determining the volume
available for gas.

Superscript nunbere denote references which may be found on page 32.

9
 The motion of the vehicle can be described only if the pressure
acting on its base is known, and this pressure is defined by a semi-
empirical equation given by Leduc 8 as the ratio

Breech Pressure 1+ 1. Charge Weight

Base Pressure 2 Shot Weight

The validity of the solution of the ballistic problem will depend

critically on the ability of this pressure gradient to describe the
true pressure distribution.

HARP GUN SYSTEM

In the HARP application, 16-inch guns are used at their
highest operable level with breech pressures running consistently 10
to 20 percent over normal service usage. It is essential to know
and control accurately the barrel pressure distribution to prevent over-
loading of both the gun structure and the missile structures. In order
to reach the high launch velocity requirements of the program, barrel
lengths vary from 105 feet for the Highwater gun to 119 feet for the
Barbados and Yuma guns. In the work reviewed here, shot weights varied
between 400 and 450 pounds, with a maximum velocity of 7000 feet per
second. A lighter 250-pound projectile has been fired from the Highwater
gun at 8400 feet per second.

A photograph of the Yuma 16-inch gun is shown in Figure 1 with

internal geometry sketched in Figure 2. The chamber has been extended
som 5 feet into the barrel, beyond the normal seating position. Similar
installations at Barbados, West Indies, and Highwater, Quebec, have
essentially the same internal geometry. The limiting loading curve of
the barrel for the Barbados gun (Mk 2) is shown in Figure 3 along with
a typical predicted maximum pressure distribution.

10
 T4t

FIGURE 1. 5-INCH AND 16-INCH GUNl AT YUMA PROVING GROUND, ARIZONA

11
 "A v

i i(

+ w
II

LO
- I-

|0

go

ILL

pi
0

!2.
 0.9 1-

(I,

V Sd~0
13W
 For any given powder, the maximum breech pressure and barrel
pressure distribution is controlled by varying the burning rate (i.e., by
changing web size), charge weight, and charge distribution. In addition,
the ignition method can radically alter the pressure histories,
particularly for a very long chamber. This report summarizes the pro-
gression of ignition techniques from the first HARP 16-inch firings
in January 1963 to the present. These firings were made primarily to
obtain altitudes over 100 kin; ballistic instrumentation was secondary.
Current firings use more extensive instrumentation, so that with direct
measurement of barrel pressure distribution some of the observations
noted herein may be further substantiated in the near future.

RESULTS

Most of the guns were fired with the standard grain geometry shown
in Figure 4 but varying wcb size. Recently, strip propellant has beea
used to study regressive burning. Powder compositions used have
included double-based (NC-NG) solventless propellant (M8M), double base
solvent propellants (WM/Mi, and single base (NC) propellants typified by
the U.S. Navy variety k.n::n as "pyro" from its pyrocellulose base.
Powder characteristics are summarized in Table I.

Table I. Powder Characteristics

Type M8M WH/M PYRO
3 0.0573
Density lbs/in. 0.0575 0.0578
Force Constant in.-lbs/lb 4,532,000 4,480,000 4,070,000
Isochoric Flame
Temperature OK 3,400 3,220 2,570
Specific Heat
Satio 1.228 1.24
Ratio 1.26

Covolume in. 3/lb 27.7 25.5 27.0

*
Burning Low a 1.0 1.05 0.85
[R = Op0, in/sec] B 0.265 x 0.200 x 0.560 x
S 10-3 10-3 10-3

Note: Pressure in psi. 14

11
 IVI

II

15:
Single Point Nov-Spaced Charge Results
In early firings (1963-1965), the loading and ignition techniques
were essentially those supplied to the HARP program by the Naval Weapons
Laboratory (Dahlgren). Ignition was achieved by firing a standard primer
into the bags nearest the breech. The powder was bagged in 100-pound
units, with 200 to 400 gram-pouches of black powder sewn on each of the
bags at the end facing the breech. In addition, the powder was
essentially stacked at the breech end as shown in Figure 5.

Based on the breech pressure records, the physical model of the

combustion process found most plausible for this case is shown in
Figure 5. When the primer fires, a burning front is initiated near the
breech and propagates in the muzzle direction. A compression wave is
generated ahead of the burning front which eventually degenerates into
a shock, traverses the air gap between the powder and projectile, then
reflects back off the projectile, and recompresses the burning grain.
This creates a sharp rise in burning rate and chamber pressure. Typical
breech pressure traces are given in Figure 6 covering a range of pressure
peaks. The time for the reflected waves to reach the breech was used in
postulating this model. Rather poor agreement between experimental peak
breech pressure and corresponding theoretical muzzle velocity was noted.

Using this single point ignition system, evidence was observed of

grain impact against the shot base. In all cases, this resulted in
undesirable impact loadings and, in some cases, in vehicle break-up.

Single Point, Spaced Charge

The non-spaced charge results were explained on the basis of shock
formation and reflection across the air gap between powder and projectile.
If this explanation is valid, the double hump in the pressure trace
should be eliminated by uniformly spacing the charge in the chamber, as
shown in Figure 7.

A typical pressure trace is shown in Figure 7, where it may be

noted that a smooth profile is obtained in comparison with the double-
peaked traces previously attained. It is also evident that a

16
PRIMER

U PROPELLANT INBAGS OF 100 LBS.

SBLACK POWDER ATTACHED TO PROPELLANT

BAGS ~350-500 GRAMS

~20

15

10

7' 14!
X (FT)

STANDARD IGNITION 16-INCH GUN

17
FIG. 5
 ENTERPRISE MSM.22 (770 LBS)
40 SHOT WT x418 LBS.
Vx 6000 fps

ZENMAC MSM .22(720LBS)

SHOT WT a416 LBS.
V- 5460 fps
30
WHEATON MSM.22(640 LBS)
SHOT WTx402 LBS.
V- 5100 fOps

~20

10 " SHARP RISE IN PRESSURE

AT BREECH AT 22 MS

0 p , ,
0 10 20 30 40 50
TIME (MILLISECONDS)
BREECH PRESSURE HISTORIES
(PRIOR TO NOVEMBER, 1965)

'a FIG. 6
 h-...14'

DIAGRAM OF SPACED CHARGE

NON-SPACED. LINTHICUN
MOM.2? '80 LBS)
SHOT W). 420 LBS.
V- 6000 ,ps

SPACED-VAUXHALL

30t Va 6135 f ps

2O

I0

0 0
0 20 30 40 50
TIME (MILUSECOND)
BREECH PRESSURE HISTORIES
SPACED AND NON-SPACED CHARGES

19 FIG. 7
considerable reduction in maximum pressure occurs for the same charge.
In Figures 8 and 9, peak breech pressure is shown against charge weight
and muzzle velocity for this case. The non-spaced data are also shown
for comparison, and it may be noted that spacing has reduced the peak
breech pressure, but that the pressure versus muzzle velocity relation
is about the same. It should be noted that the charge and velocity data
for the spaced charge system were collected for a different web size
propellant (M8M 0.270 instead of M8M 0.220). In theory, the fact that
the lower burning rate for 0.270 allows a larger charge to be used
should result in a higher velocity pressure relationship (dotted curve
in Figure 9). Because of the limited amount of data available for M8M
0.220, there is no direct comparison, but it is expected that the
difference would be indicated.

Visual examination of recovered sabot base plates showed that the

problem of powder grain impacts still existed and some poor missile
flights were observed.

Multiple Point, Spaced Charge

In order to provide more uniform ignition, electrically fired squibs
(C. I. L. Pyrotechnic) were sewn into the black powder bags on five of
the charges shown in Figure 10. Two squibs were placed at each ignition
point to minimize the spread in squib firing time. By maintaining a
voltage between 60 and 100 volts (current 5 amperes), variation in squib
firing times was found to be within 1/2 millisecond.

The first tests of the multipoint ignition system were with the
surplus 16-inch Naval propellant (pyro). Previous attempts to use
this propellant with the very light HARP projectiles (I15-pound saboted
subcaliber vehicles instead of the 2800-pound Naval projectile) had
failed to provide peak pressures over 20,000 psi. As can be seen from
Figure 11, multipoint ignition allowed us to reach 50,000 psi with very
smooth pressure curves. For the higher pressure shots, shear lips were
placed on the sabot base plates to hold the shot until a breech pressure
of 10,000 psi was reached. The success of multipoint ignition with pyro

20
I

SPACED-
MULTIPLE-POINT

MSM PROPEULANT.220
SHOT WtIGHT= 400 L.BS.
TRAVEL. 105 FT (BARBADOS)

850

SPACED
800 SINGLE-POINT

750 0

NON- SPACED
SINGLE- POINT
700

650

600
10 20 30 40 50 60
PRESSURE (KMPS)
CHARGE vs PRESSURE
21 FIG. 8
-4

MGM PROPELLANT -

7000 SHOT WEIGHT, 400 LBS.

TRAVEL- 105 FT (BARBADOS)

THEORETICAL

6500 P0
.270/ 10le

6000 / .NON-SPACED

La.
5500 SPACED-220 COMPUTED
0 FROM .270 DATA
> /

5000 /oft SPACED .270

0

4500

4000

10 20 30 40 50 60

PRESSURE (KPSI)

VELOCITY vs PRESSURE
22 FIG. 9
IC' 00
0 z
F-
z 0

M, CD4
>Z

22
 1~10

88R
a S j0

* a 0
Wcc

IL w

CL,

U))

(I Sd)O)3uflSS3Nd 2
 3
,I
allows the use of this surplus propellant for sounding missions up to
77 miles. It is interesting that the pyro charges for this use have
been as large as 1300 pounds while the service charge for the standard
16-inch projectile is 660 pounds. Figure 12 shows rough pressure
profiles resulting from malfunctioning of some ignition points. In the
early stages of the experimental studies on ignition, the number of
ignition points was increased from two to four, and then to five with
tvo squibs per point for redundancy. It was found that this greatly
increased the reliability of the ignition system, and pressure traces
as shown in Figure 12 were nearly eliminated. In one instance, however,
this method of redundancy failed, and the cause could only be traced to
the non-functioning of one or several ignition points.

In Figure 13, breech pressure profiles are compared for the same
charge weight with the different distribution and ignition systems.
The top two subfigures compare spaced and unspaced charges of the same
weight for two different powders and the bottom two compare single point
and spaced multipoint ignition for M8M powder. In the first multipoint
comparison, a non-spaced single point ignition pressure profile is plotted
with a profile for multipoint ignition of the same charge weight. The
second comparison involves spaced charges yielding the same peak
pressure for the two ignition systems.

In Figure 14, the muzzle velocity is plotted as a function of

breech pressure for the Navy powder and compared with theory. Very good
agreement may be noted. Figure 15 shows similar results for M8M and
WM/M powders, and indicates the improvement in velocity over the single
point case. In Figure 16, breech pressure histories from theory and
experiment are compared for several representative cases.

The theoretical model is based on the supposition that velocity is

proportional to the area under the breech pressure-time curve (Leduc
gradient). An analysis of any one of the pressure histories in Figure
16 shows that the area under the experimental curve is considerably less
than that under the theoretical curve. Integration of the experi-
mental breech pressure curve, using .the Leduc distribution, yields
25
z~
Z20
j

(tSd)Q 3UflS38d H~333HO

'~8. -

c" 02

0...0

0
(ISd)I) 3NiASS3Ud I433388 26
 WMM- 825 L8S MSM 22 - 780 L6S
60M
NOASPACED(T S 3)

SPACED(GAMMA) NON- SPACED

(LINTHICUM)

4SPACED (AAUXHALL)

20

w 0 20 40 0 20 40
POINT

a-M8M.22-910LOS. MOM .22

so. -MULTIPLE-POINTS 0LBS.

~Gu~nvr.~) -- -SPACED 780 LBS.
(VAUXiiAW
NOTE: MULTI-POINT USES
_W"_
0
10 LBS. MORE FOR
0 BLE- P SAME PRESSURE

POINT

20-

0
00 20 40 0 20 40
TIME (MS) TIME (MS)

SUMMARY OF BREECH PRESSURE PROFILES

27 FIG. 13
 6500

YUMA (La 105 FT.) /

6000 SHOT WT. - 400 LBS.
/ x x
[RETAINING
SLIOKPSI
LIP FOR] /
SHOTSTAuQ
5500

--- THEORY //
"-- FITTED DATA /
5000

//

4500 HIGHWATER (L 9OFT) /

SHOT WT - 550 LOS.

w 0
4000 /0

3500 / x - PYRO, YUMA

0- PYRO, HIGHWATER

3OO0 I0 20 30
30000 40 50
PRESSURE (KPSI)
MULTIPLE-POINT IGNITION RESULTS
VELOCITY vs PRESSURE

28
FIG. 14
 MULTIPLE-POINT 1WMSM20
SHOT WEIGHT* 400 LBS.
7000

6500 EORETICAL MSM.270

MSM.2200

6000 .OM22, // COMPUTED FROM

///\ .270 DATA

F)' SINGLE- POINT IGNITION

5500

5000 00 NOVEMBER 1965 M8M.270

/ 0YUMA MOM.22
A YUMA WMM.22
NOTE: SEE FIG.8 FOR PRESSURE-CHARGE RELATION
4500
10 20 30 40 50 60
PRESSURE (KPSI)
MULTIPLE-POINT RESULTS COMPARED WITH THEORY
VELOCITY vs PRESSURE
FIG. 15
60 MOM.22(96oL.S)
SHOT WT 404 LBS.

VEL.USO fps

-MULTIPLE PNT(Y-2B) PRO (12751LO)

VEL,7IOO fps SHOT W. 403 LBS.

20 'THEORY
40- VEL: 5940fps
INTEDRATED VELOCITY
(LEDUC EQUATION)- MULTIPLE POINT(
50OOfps (Y-14)
0 0 4 "J IiTi VEL.5O
TIME(MS) 2O
ao 40U 0 500 fps ".
,VELOCITY-

TIMEIMS)
, ~~~E TEyIY-301
~20
VEL.-4ISOfps.
MULTIPLE fPN
VEL5900POINT(H-46)
'INTEGRATED

I0 20 40 60

TIME(MS)

BREECH PRESSURE PROFILES

MULTIPLE-POINT AND THEORY
30 FIG. 16
muzzle velocities in the order of 15 to 20 percent lower than the
corresponding theory. However, the results show that mazzle velocities
are usually greater than expected. Thus, the experimental velocities
imply a barrel pressure distribution somewhat higher than the theory
predicts.

The spaced charge multiple point ignition system was found to result
in considerable improvement in vehicle launch reliability. Missiles
previously encountering structural problems at muzzle velocities of
6400 feet per second were launched at velocities over 7000 feet per
second using this system.

CONCLUDING DISCUSSION
These studies have emphasized the requirement for good ignition,
particularly in the case of the long chamber used in the HARP program.
The applicability of the theory is limited and since barrel pressure
distribution is critical in vehicle design, improvements are required.
"Currently, pressure histories are being taken along the barrel and will
be used to improve the analytical predictions.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The work and the studies involved over the past three years to
evolve a suitable technique for the utilization of high performance guns
has required the continuing efforts of all those on the HARP staff.
Dr. G. J. Gallagher of the University of the West Indies in Barbados has
provided exceptional assistance and it was primarily through his insight
and suggestion that many of the innovations have been made.

This work was Jointly supported by the Canadian Department of

Defense Productions and the U.S. Army.

31
 REFERENCES

1. C. H. Murphy and G. V. Bull, "Review of the High Altitude Research

Program," AGARD CP 10, September .966. (See also Ballistic Research
Laboratories Report No. 1327, AD 645284).

2. G. V. Bull, "Development of Gun Launched Vertical Probes for Upper

Atmosphere Studies," Can. Aero. & Space Jrl., Vol. 10, October 1964,
pp. 236-247.

3. G. V. Bull and C. H. Murphy, "Gun-Boosted Rockets for High Performance

Sounding Missions," AIAA Sounding Rocket Vehicle Technology
Specialist Conference, February 1967, pp. 581-593.
4. P. Baer and J. Frankle, "The Simulation of Interior Ballistic
Performance of Guns by Digital Computer Program," Ballistic Research
Laboratories Re-ort No. 1183, December 1962, (AD 299980).

5. H. J. Luckert, "Report of the March 1965 Test Firing Series Project

HARP," SRI-H-R-9, July 1965.
6. H. J. Luckert, "Report of the May/June 1965 Test Firing Series
Project HARP," SRI-H-R-lO, September 1966.
7. C. H. Murphy and G. V. Bull, "HARP 5-Inch and 16-Inch Guns at
Yuma Proving Ground, Arizona," Ballistic Research Laboratories
Memorandum Report No. 1825, February 1967.

8. J. Corner, "Theory of the Interior Ballistics of Guns," John Wiley &

Sons, Inc., New York, 1950.

32
 Unclassified
security Classification
DOCUMENT CONTROL DATA.- I &D
(8ftCNdIt C10ISM941COfja .IIII.. 6e& Of@"&"I MW imbak &WfbbHSO aft.E be 40""d WARs e001MON ft .~ 080IN
IL
I. OR1i61"&TIwB ACTIVITY (Ceep~aft saui) as. IMPORT SECURITY 4LASSIPICATS@M
U.S. Armyr Ballistic Research Laboratories Unclassified
Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland A&GOUP
3. REPORT ?gLS

MULTIPLE POINT IGNITION IN HARP GUNS

4. OEsCRPTV9 NOTES (Type of PeI"" sodbgueh dome)

9. AU T040011) (PiMt Net. =0 0001..' ho08Name)

G. V. Bull, C. H. Murphy and D. Lyster

41.RaPORT OAT6 ?& TOTAL Noo. oP PAOIKS M? No or maps

March 1967 45 I 8
944 CONTRACT ON GRANT NO. S&. ORISSNATOU'S REPORT NWOERIS)

6. PuojgCCTit..RDT&E 1V025001A616 Memorandum Report No. 1832

=b
TNRRPONT NoIt* (As.w=Member fear Nairso "04000

10aISTRIOUTION STATENEMNT

Distribution of this document is unlimited.

11. SUPPI MENTANY NOTES 12. UPONOORINO* MUTANT ACTIVITY

U.S. Army Materiel Command

Washington, D.C.
is. ABS9TRACT
The usual powder charge in the 16-inch HARP gun can be as long as 12 feet in an even
longer chamber. If the charge length is more than 2 feet shorter than the available
chamber, the pressure time curve can be significantly improved by dividing this
interval into 2 to 4 sub-intervals by use of wooden spacers. An even more dramatic
improvement can be achieved by igniting this column of powder at several points.
Recently, five point ignition with two squibs in each location has been used in the
119-foot long 1A-inch gun at Yuma Proving Ground, Arizona with very good results.

The service charge for a 16-inch gun is 660 pounds of standard 16-inch gun propellant.
This charge will launch a 3000-pound projectile at 2800 feet per second, but is too
slow burning to launch the standard HARP projectile plus sabot weight of 410 pounds at
this velocity. With multiple point ignition, 12(5 pounds of this old propellant
accelerated the HARP projectile to 5900 feet per second, and an apogee of 414,000 feet
was achieved.
Even better performance can be achieved with multiple point ignition. A WM/M
propellant with 0.220 web, 920 pounds, allows the HARP projectile to reach 6800 feet
per second and an altitude of 540,000 feet while a 0.225 M8M propellant yields a
muzzle velocity of 7000 feet per second and 590,000 feet apogee.

*@@move ~ . ~ ~ Unclassified
 Uncias i fied

A LINK a LINK C J
ItvWRSLINK
0O1.9
I T AOLOE WY ROLZ WI

Multi-Point Ignition
Spaced Povder Charge
16-Inch Gun
Interior Ballistics
HARP

- - 1
Unclassified