Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Held: No.
Version of the Defense
When there is nothing in the records which would
Ludovico Doctolero met at the crossing of show a motive or reason on the part of the witnesses
Bo. Banana and Binday road, San Fabian, to falsely implicate the accused, identification should
Pangasinan. Marcial Sagun, who was with be given full credit. And when there is no evidence
his wife, Maria Oviedo, Antonio Oviedo and and nothing to indicate that the principal witness for
the latter's wife, Lolita de Guzman. Antonio the prosecution was moved by improper motives, the
Oviedo is the brother-in-law of Marcial presumption is that he was not so moved, and his
Sagun, he being the brother of Maria testimony is entitled to full faith and credit.
Oviedo. Marcial Sagun and company
"Ludovico greeted Marcial Sagun: 'Where
have you been cousin.' (p. 8, ibid) He In an attempt to disprove the findings of the trial
noticed, however, Antonio Oviedo holding court, appellant points to certain inconsistencies that
his bolo on his waist. So, he asked his cousin allegedly render the testimonies of the prosecution
Marcial Sagun why Antonio Oviedo was witnesses incredible. These inconsistencies, however,
like that. The latter unsheathed his bolo and are not so substantial as to destroy their credibility.
boloed Ludovico with a downward swing. As correctly explained by the People, the seeming
He parried the bolo with his left hand but he contradictions and minor inconsistencies in the
was hurt in the process "At that juncture, testimonies of the prosecution witness pointed out by
Marcial Sagun unsheathed his bolo and the appellants in their brief are mere inconsequential
Ludovico Doctolero also unsheathed his variations on the part of each observer in relating his
bolo. They watched each other's step (p. 10, own observation of the same incident. Contradictions
ibid) with the two women, Lolita de and inconsistencies of witnesses in regard to the
Guzman and Maria Oviedo, hitting the back details of an incident far from demonstrating
of Ludovico with a wood (sic). The latter falsehood constitute evidence of good faith. Not all
ignored them, as his eyes were towards persons who witness an incident are impressed by it
Marcial Sagun and his brother-in-law, in the same manner and it is but natural that said
Antonio Oviedo. eyewitnesses should disagree on minor details.
"Realizing that he could not afford to fight In fact, inconsistencies and contradictions in the
both Marcial Sagun and Antonio Oviedo, testimony of the prosecution witnesses which refer to
Ludovico tried to escape by boloing Maria minor details cannot destroy the credibility of the
Oviedo, whom he hit at the back. He prosecution witnesses. And where the prosecution
retreated and then run (sic) away, with witnesses were able to positively identify the
Marcial Sagun and Antonio Oviedo appellants as the authors of the crime and the
throwing stones at him. (p. 12, ibid). testimonies were, on the whole, consistent on
"Ludovico went to the house of his father, material points, the contradictions become
Antonio Doctolero. The latter was eating his insignificant
meal, together with his small children
upstairs, while accused-
appellant,Conrado Doctolero was in the
kitchen downstairs also eating his meal, Appellants contend that the murders occurred as a
when Ludovico arrived. consequence of a sudden thought or impulse, thus
negating a common criminal design in their minds.
"He told his father that he was wounded and This pretension must be rejected since one can be an
asked him to look after his children as he accomplice even if he did not know of the actual
might meet something bad that night. He did crime intended by the principal provided he was
not enter the house anymore: he was only aware that it was an illicit act. This is a doctrine that
until the door. Then he ran away. His father dates back to the ruling in U.S. vs. De Jesus that
where the accomplices therein consented to help in
the commission of forcible abduction, they were of being mere accomplices, no evidence of
responsible for the resulting homicide even if the conspiracy among the appellants having been shown.
purpose of the principal to commit homicide was
unknown to the accomplices. The death of appellant Virgilio Doctolero during the
pendency of this appeal terminated only his criminal
Whatever doubt the court a quo entertained on the liability but not his civil liability. Also, while the
criminal responsibility of appellants Conrado and death indemnity has been increased to P50,000.00
Virgilio Doctolero did not refer to whether or not they under current case law, the same should not apply to
were liable but only with regard to the extent of their Ludovico Doctolero, he having heretofore withdrawn
participation. There being ample evidence of their his appeal and the judgment rendered by the trial
criminal participation, but a doubt exists on the court having long since become final and executory
nature of their liability, the courts should favor the with respect to him.
milder form of liability or responsibility which is that