Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1. The drag characteristics of a torpedo are to be studied in a water tunnel using a 1:5 scale
model. The tunnel operates with freshwater at 20 0C, whereas the prototype torpedo is to
be used in seawater at 15.6 0C. To correctly simulate the behavior of the prototype
moving with a velocity of 30 m/s, what velocity is required in the water tunnel?
where D is the pipe diameter, the frequency, t the time, the fluid viscosity, and the
fluid density. (a) Determine the similarity requirements for the model and the prediction
equation for pl. (b) If the same fluid is used in the model and the prototype, at what
frequency should the model operate?
6. Flow patterns that develop as winds blow past a vehicle, such as a train, are often studied
in low-speed environmental (meteorological) wind tunnels. Typically, the air velocities in
these tunnels are in the range of 0.1 m/s to 30 m/s. Consider a cross wind blowing past a
train locomotive. Assume that the local wind velocity, V, is a function of the approaching
wind velocity (at some distance from the locomotive), U, the locomotive length, l, height,
h, and width, b, the air density, , and the air viscosity, . (a) Establish the similarity
requirements and prediction equation for a model to be used in the wind tunnel to study
the air velocity, V, around the locomotive. (b) If the model is to be used for cross winds
gusting to U = 25 m/s, explain why it is not practical to maintain Reynolds number
similarity for a typical length scale 1:50.