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FHSC1114 PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY Revision for Topics 1 3

Topic 1 Principle of Chemistry

1. The number of electron for an ion, X, is 18. Calculate the number of proton and identify
the ion. (Ans: 17 p+; Cl) [Sep 2012]

2. X2+ and Y ions have the same number of electrons as 10


20
Z isotope. Identify X2+ and Y
ions. (Ans: X2+= Mg2+ ; Y = F) [Dec 2015]

3. Bromine has two naturally occurring isotopes 79Br and 81Br with their masses are
78.92 a.m.u. and 80.92 a.m.u, respectively. Given that the average atomic mass for
bromine is 79.90, find the relative percentage abundances of these isotopes.
(Ans: 79Br: 51 %, 81Br: 49 %) [Apr 2014]

4. An element has two isotopes, P and Q. The ratio of percentage abundance of P to Q is


0.32. The isotopic mass of P and Q are 36.9695 and 34.9689, respectively.

(a) Find the percentage abundance of isotope P and Q. (Ans: P: 24.24%, Q: 75.76%)

(b) Determine the average atomic mass of the element. (Ans: 35.45 a.m.u.)
[Sep 2012]

5. The number of atoms present in a sample of formic acid, HCOOH was found to be 1.736
1025. Determine the mass of formic acid in this sample. (Ans: 265.38 g) [Apr 2014]

6. Salicylic acid is a pain reliever which consists of 6.558 g of carbon atoms, 0.471 g of
hydrogen and 3.744 g of oxygen atoms. Determine the empirical formula of salicylic
acid. (Ans: C7H6O3) [Apr 2015]

Topic 2 Chemical Bonding

1. Draw the Lewis structure for nitrogen triiodide, NI3. Calculate the formal charge and total
formal charge of the molecule. [Sep 2014]

2. Draw the Lewis structure for iodine pentafluoride, IF5 (does not obey the octet rule).
Calculate the formal charge for each atom and total formal charge of the molecule.
[Sep 2015]

3. Draw Lewis electron dot structure of borate ion, BO33 (which does not follow the octet
rule) and calculate the total formal charge of the ion. [Sep 2013]

4. State the intermolecular force that exists between hydrogen fluoride, HF and oxygen gas,
O2. (Ans: Dipole induced dipole interaction) [Sep 2013]

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FHSC1114 PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY Revision for Topics 1 3

5. State the intermolecular force that exists between:

(a) water molecules (Ans: Hydrogen bond)

(b) xenon atoms (Ans: Induced dipole induced dipole interaction)


[Apr 2016]

6. Hydrocarbons C2H2, C2H4 and C2H6 contain CC bond with different bond order.

(a) State the CC bond order of C2H2, C2H4 and C2H6. (Ans: 3, 2, 1)

(b) Arrange the CC bond length in ascending order for C2H2, C2H4 and C2H6.
Explain your answer. (Ans: C2H2 < C2H4 < C2H6) [Apr 2013]

Topic 3 Stoichiometry and Solution Concentration

1. A salt solution is produced when 2.9 g of sodium chloride, NaCl dissolved in 200 mL of
water. Calculate the molality (m) of the NaCl solution, given that the density of water is
1.00 g mL1. (Ans: 0.248 m) [Apr 2013]

2. A 1.50 g iron nail was dissolved in 500 mL of dilute sulphuric acid (0.2 M) to produce an
iron sulphate solution as shown in the equation below.

Fe(s) + H2SO4(aq) FeSO4(aq) + H2(g)

(a) Calculate the number of moles of each reactant used.


(Ans: Fe: 0.0269 mol, H2SO4: 0.1 mol)

(b) Determine the limiting and excess reactants of the reaction.


(Ans: Limiting = Fe; Excess = H2SO4)

(c) Determine the mass of the excess reactant remains after the reaction. (Ans: 7.17 g)
[Dec 2013]

3. Acetic anhydride, C4H6O3 reacts with 4-aminophenol, C6H7NO to form acetaminophen,


C8H9NO2 and acetic acid, C2H4O2 as shown in the equation below:

C4H6O3(s) + C6H7NO(l) C8H9NO2(s) + C2H4O2(aq)

The mass of acetaminophen produced was 4.98 g when 4.75 g of 4-aminophenol and
3.56 g of acetic anhydride were used in the reaction.

(a) Determine the limiting reactant for this reaction. (Ans: C4H6O3)

(b) Calculate the percentage yield of acetaminophen. (Ans: 94.3 %)


[Apr 2015]

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FHSC1114 PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY Revision for Topics 1 3

Appendix:

1. Avogadros number = 6.022 1023 particles mol1

2.

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