Rome, Constantinople

and
Newly-Converted Europe
Archaeological and Historical Evidence

Volume I
U RDE EUROPY RODKOWO-WSCHODNIEJ / FRHZEIT OSTMITTELEUROPAS

Geisteswissenschaftliches Zentrum Geschichte und Kultur Ostmitteleuropas, Leipzig

Instytut Archeologii i Etnologii Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Warszawa
Instytut Archeologii Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, Rzeszw

Rada Redakcyjna / Herausgebergremium

Andrzej Buko, Christian Lbke, Magorzata Rybicka

Redakcja Serii / Redaktion der Reihe

Matthias Hardt, Marcin Wooszyn

tom 1, cz 1 / Band 1, Teil 1

 Rome, Constantinople
and
Newly-Converted Europe
Archaeological and Historical Evidence

edited by
Maciej Salamon, Marcin Wooszyn, Alexander Musin, Perica pehar

in cooperation with
Matthias Hardt, Mirosaw P. Kruk, Aleksandra Sulikowska-Gska

Krakw Leipzig Rzeszw Warszawa 2012

 U RDE EUROPY RODKOWO-WSCHODNIEJ / FRHZEIT OSTMITTELEUROPAS
Geisteswissenschaftliches Zentrum Geschichte und Kultur Ostmitteleuropas e.V., Leipzig
Instytut Archeologii i Etnologii Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Warszawa
Instytut Archeologii Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, Rzeszw

Redakcja tomu / Redaktion des Bandes

Maciej Salamon, Marcin Wooszyn, Alexander Musin, Perica pehar,
Matthias Hardt, Mirosaw P. Kruk, Aleksandra Sulikowska-Gska

Recenzenci tomu / Rezensenten des Bandes

Eduard Mhle, Gnther Prinzing

Tumaczenia / bersetzungen
Autorzy / Autoren, Alexey Gilevich, Monika Dzik oraz / sowie
Anna Kinecka (j. angielski / Englisch), Katarzyna yp (j. niemiecki / Deutsch),
Alexander Musin (j. rosyjski / Russisch)

Weryfikacja jzykowa / Sprachverifizierung

Marcin Bednarz, Anna Kinecka, Doris Wollenberg

Skad / Layout
Irena Jordan

Obrbka graficzna / Graphik

Autorzy / Autoren oraz / sowie Irena Jordan,
przy udziale / unter Mitwirkung von Jolanta Og, Rafa Janicki

Projekt okadki / Layout des Umschlages

Irena Jordan, Rafa Janicki

Zdjcie na okadce / Photo auf dem Umschlag

Bizantyska stauroteka (X / XI w.) z Ostrowa Lednickiego,
zbiory Muzeum Pierwszych Piastw na Lednicy (Foto: R. Kujawa)
Byzantinische Staurothek (10. / 11. Jh.) aus Ostrw Lednicki,
Sammlungen des Muzeum Pierwszych Piastw na Lednicy (Photo: R. Kujawa)

Druk tomu I / Druck von Band I

Poligrafia Inspektoratu Towarzystwa Salezjaskiego, Krakw

Dystrybucja / Distribution
Leipziger Universittsverlag
Instytut Archeologii i Etnologii Polskiej Akademii Nauk
Instytut Archeologii Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego

Copyright by Geisteswissenschaftliches Zentrum Geschichte und Kultur Ostmitteleuropas e.V., Leipzig 2012
Copyright by Instytut Archeologii i Etnologii Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Warszawa 2012
Copyright by Instytut Archeologii Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, Rzeszw 2012

ISBN: 978-3-86583-659-5
ISBN: 978-83-89499-85-1
ISBN: 978-83-936467-0-8
 The present volume is the result of cooperation of institutions named here:

Polish Academy of Sciences

Committee for the Research in Antique Culture Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology
Byzantine Commission = National Committee of the AIEB Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw

Leipzig Centre for History and Culture

of East Central Europe (GWZO), Leipzig

Institute of History Institute of Archaeology

Jagiellonian University, Cracow University of Rzeszw, Rzeszw

Institute for the History of Material Culture Institute of Archaeology

Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade

Sponsored by:
 CONTENTS

Editors Foreword ............................................................................................................................................................. 17

Jonathan Shepard
Rome, Constantinople and Newly-Converted Europe: Archaeological and Historical Evidence.
Some Introductory Remarks ............................................................................................................................................ 23

I.1 HISTORY:
ROME, CONSTANTINOPLE AND THE NEW BORDERS
THE INTRODUCTORY ESSAYS
Jerzy Strzelczyk
Missionsstrategie und Missionspraxis der westlichen Kirche im frhen Mittelalter ...................................................... 33
Maciej Salamon
Byzantine Missionary Policy. Did It Exist? ..................................................................................................................... 43
Matthias Hardt
Frhe Grenzen im Blick der europischen Medivistik .................................................................................................. 55

I.2 HISTORY:
SEARCHING FOR ROME AND CONSTANTINOPLE
FROM THE SOUTH TO THE NORTH
Jenny Albani
Painted decoration of the church of St. Onoufrius near Genna, Crete ............................................................................ 69
Georgios Th. Kardaras
Christian symbols among the nomads, 5th-8th century A.D. ............................................................................................ 79
Georgi N. Nikolov
Die Christianisierung der Bulgaren und das Mnchtum in der Familie des Khans Boris I. Michail
im 9.-10. Jahrhundert ..................................................................................................................................................... 91
Angel Nikolov
Making a new basileus: the case of Symeon of Bulgaria (893-927) reconsidered ........................................................ 101
Lumr Polek
Mikulice und das Christentum in Mhren im 9. Jahrhundert ....................................................................................... 109
Bla Mikls Szke
Kulturelle Beziehungen zwischen Mosaburg/Zalavr und dem Mittelmeerraum .......................................................... 125
Mrta Font
Lateiner und Orthodoxe: Vlker und ihre Gewohnheiten. Das Beispiel des mittelalterlichen Knigreichs Ungarn ......... 143
Vincent Mcska
Zur Frage der gromhrisch-byzantinischen Tradition im frharpadischen Ungarn
Mglichkeiten der Interpretation ................................................................................................................................... 153
Petr Sommer
Der Heilige Prokop, das Kloster Szava und die sogenannte altkirchenslawische Liturgie in Bhmen ....................... 161
Jitka Komendov
Rus-Czech Relations during the Middle Ages as a Historiographical Problem ........................................................... 169
Christian Lbke
Ottonen, Slaven und Byzanz .......................................................................................................................................... 175
Sabine Altmann
Grenzberschreitungen am westlichen Rand Ostmitteleuropas
Die Saale als Grenz- und Kontaktzone zwischen Frankenreich und slawischer Frstenherrschaft im 9. Jahrhundert ...... 183
Stanisaw Rosik
Greeks and Romans in pagan Wolin. Integrating the Barbarians into the collective memory
of the Latin West at the time of the conversion of the Slavs ......................................................................................... 195
Marian Dygo
A Letter from Matthew, a Bishop of Cracow, to Bernard of Clairvaux
on the Conversion of Russians (1145?) ..................................................................................................................... 203
Darius von Gttner-Sporzyski
The archetypal crusader. Henry of Sandomierz, the second youngest son of Bolesaw III ........................................... 215
Andrzej Buko
Byzantine cultural enclave in Central Europe? An example of the mortared tower
complex at Stopie (south-eastern Poland) .................................................................................................................... 233
Alexey Chernetsov
Paradoxical hierarchy of civilizations (Medieval Russian concept) .............................................................................. 251
Maja Gssowska
Der Heilige Olaf und Holmgrd Novgorod als Grenzraum zwischen
Ost und West im 11.-12. Jahrhundert ............................................................................................................................. 263
Jukka Korpela
Die Christianisierung der finno-ugrischen Peripherie Europas:
Zwei Theorien und unangenehme Tatsachen ................................................................................................................. 275
Jrn Staecker
Drei Magier auf einem gotlndischen Bildstein.
Die Perzeption des Epiphaniethemas in der Wikingerzeit ............................................................................................. 287
Anna Wako
Pagans in Eriks Chronicle and in the Revelations of Saint Birgitta ............................................................................. 305
Volodymyr Bak
Die Weihe Kyrillos II. (1242-1281) zum Metropoliten der Rus in den 40er-Jahren
des 13. Jahrhunderts: ein Ereignis aus den kirchenpolitischen Beziehungen zwischen
Hali-Volyn und dem Byzantinischen Reich ................................................................................................................ 311
Sebastian Kolditz
Christliche Missionsbestrebungen und Konversionsanstze gegenber den
Steppenvlkern, insbesondere Peenegen und Kumanen .............................................................................................. 319

II.1 ARCHAEOLOGY:
ROME, CONSTANTINOPLE AND THE GRAVES
THE INTRODUCTORY ESSAYS
Sebastian Brather
Pagan or Christian? Early medieval grave furnishings in Central Europe .................................................................... 333
Aleksandra Sulikowska-Gska
Funeral rites in Ruthenian iconography ......................................................................................................................... 351
Justyna Straczuk
Death beliefs and practices among peasant inhabitants of the Catholic-Orthodox
borderland in Belarus: an anthropological perspective .................................................................................................. 363

II.2 ARCHAEOLOGY:
SEARCHING FOR ROME AND CONSTANTINOPLE
FROM THE SOUTH TO THE NORTH
Natalia Poulou-Papadimitriou, Elli Tzavella, Jeremy Ott
Burial practices in Byzantine Greece: archaeological evidence
and methodological problems for its interpretation ....................................................................................................... 377
Perica pehar, Orhideja Zorova
Christianity on the territory of the Archbishopric of Ohrid, 11th to the 13th century:
archaeological evidence from burial sites ...................................................................................................................... 429
Lyudmila Doncheva-Petkova, Maria Christova
La transition du paganisme au christianisme, reflte dans les ncropoles du IXme-Xme sicle en Bulgarie ............... 447
Maja Petrinec
Croatia between the East and the West evidence from early medieval graves ........................................................... 461
Tina Milavec
Sacred places? Eighth century graves near sixth century churches at Tonovcov grad (Slovenia) ................................ 475
Stefan Eichert
Zu Christentum und Heidentum im slawischen Karantanien ........................................................................................ 489
Elisabeth Nowotny
On the confessional situation between the Frankish Empire and Moravia in Carolingian times.
Focus on archaeological sources from Lower Austria ................................................................................................... 503
Petr Hejhal, Michal Lutovsk
In agris sive in silvis Secondary medieval burials in ancient barrows in Bohemia ................................................... 517
Anna Mazur, Krzysztof Mazur
Des tombes inhumation du Haut Moyen Age en Petite-Pologne:
le cas de la ncropole de Wawrzeczyce ....................................................................................................................... 525
Jacek Wrzesiski
The Dziekanowice cemetery Christians cultivating venerable traditions .................................................................. 535
Przemysaw Urbaczyk
A Roman connection to the oldest burial in the Pozna Cathedral? ........................................................................... 553
Joanna Kalaga
The early medieval hillfort at Ssiadka in the light of 1930s-1950s research. Current status
of post-excavation analysis of the archival record in the University of Warsaw .......................................................... 567
Jerzy Kunierz
Das mittelalterliche Krpergrberfeld auf dem Burgwall von Grdek (altrussischer Volyn) in Anbetracht der
erhaltenen Grabungsdokumentation des Vorstandes zur Erforschung der ervenischen Burgen (1952-1955) ............ 579
Micha Dzik
Bi-ritual burials in the central Bug river basin during the Middle Ages ....................................................................... 603
ukasz Miechowicz
Coins in the Western and Eastern Slavs burial practices in the Middle Ages
relicts of pagan beliefs or a sign of Christian traditions? .............................................................................................. 613
Vsevolod Ivakin
Burial grounds and graves in medieval Kiev (10th to 13th century) ............................................................................... 625
Przemysaw Sikora
Die ostslawischen Bestattungssitten zu Beginn der Christianisierung am Rande der
christlich-orthodoxen Welt am Beispiel Weirusslands aus archologischer Perspektive ............................................ 639
Anna Barvenova, Kristina Lavysh
Burials in churches from the 11th-14th centuries on the territory of Belarus:
influence of Christianization on the costume of the elite in the Western Rus principalities ........................................ 661
Eugenijus Svetikas
Latin Christianisation in the Orthodox Christian Grand Duchy of Lithuania
in late 14th and 15th centuries: a puzzle of historical facts and archaeological data ....................................................... 677
Roberts Spiris
Archaeological evidence on the spread of Christianity to the Lower Daugava area (10th-13th century) ........................ 689
Vitolds Muinieks
Archaeological evidence of 14th-18th century burial practices on the territory of Latvia .............................................. 713
Heiki Valk
The Zhalnik Graves: Evidence of the Christianization of the Novgorod and Pskov Lands? ........................................ 737
Vladislav Sobolev
On the process of formation of Early Rus burial culture in the Novgorod Land ......................................................... 751
Stanislav Belskiy, Ville Laakso
New archaeological evidence on the Christianization in Karelia in the 13th-15th centuries
(Northern Lake Ladoga region, Russian Federation) .................................................................................................... 767


.......................................................................................................................................... 17

, : .
............................................................................................................... 23

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, ,


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? .......................................................................................... 43

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XIV . . (, ) ................................................................. 69
. a
V-VIII . ........................................................................... 79
.
I (IX-X .) ............................................ 91

: (893-927) .............................. 101

IX . ....................................................................................................... 109

// ................................ 125

: ...................................................................... 143


...................................................................................................................................... 153

, ............. 161

- ....................................... 169

, .................................................................................................................................... 175

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, , (1145?) ............. 203
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? , III .................................................. 215

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( ) ........................................................................... 251

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XI-XII . ................................................................................................................................................. 263

- : ..................................................... 275

c :
......................................................................................................................................... 287

. ...................................................................................... 305

II (1242-1281) c 1240- .
- - .............................................................. 311

............................. 319

II.1 :
, ,


? ................. 333
-
..................................................................................................... 351

-
.................................................................................... 363

II.2 :


-, ,
:
...................................................................................................................................... 377
,
XI-XIII .:
............................................................................................................................. 429
-,
a
IX-X . .................................................................................................................................................... 447

...................................................... 461

? VIII .
(, VI .) .......................................................................................................................................................... 475

.................................................................................................................. 489


................................................................................................. 503
,
In agris sive in silvis C .................................... 517
,
.......................................................... 525

............................................................... 535

? ............................................ 553

: 1930-1950- .
............................................................................ 567

( )
(1952-1955) ........................... 579

................... 603

:
? ...................................................................................................................... 613

X-XIII . ................................................................................... 625

-
........................................................................................ 639
,
XI-XIV .:
................................................................................................................... 661


XIV-XV .: ............................................................................ 677


X-XIII . ...................................................................................................................................... 689

XIV-XVIII . ............................................................. 713

: ? ................................................... 737

..................................... 751
,
XIII-XV . ..................... 767