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Overview of BC-Hydro/BCIT

Smart Power Microgrid


June 2013, Toronto, Ontario
Hassan Farhangi, PhD, PEng, SM-IEEE
Director, Smart Grid Research
British Columbia Institute of Technology, Vancouver, Canada

www.smart-microgrid.ca
Background
Problems facing the Power Industry:
1. Rising cost of energy
2. Aging infrastructure
3. Mass Electrification
4. Climate Change

Solutions pursued by Utility companies:


1. Optimize use of expensive assets
2. Manage end-user demand
3. Facilitate Co-Generation
4. Use renewable sources of energy
These require modernization of the electricity grid
through strategic gradual implantation of fully
validated solutions into the critical infrastructure.
BC-Hydro/BCIT Microgrid Deliverables

Unique platform to offer Smart Grid training for


students, faculty and industry professionals
Help the institute reduce and/or optimize its carbon
footprint and energy costs of the campus
Help utilities validate new technologies and
solutions in a near-real environment
Mitigate critical infrastructure risks, security,
reliability and vulnerability
Create a sandbox where new technologies and
solutions can be developed, tested and qualified
BC-Hydro/BCITs
Smart Microgrid

Canadas first campus based


Smart Microgrid at BCITs
Burnaby Campus

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BC-Hydro/BCIT RD&D Objectives
Development of a Smart Microgrid to enable:
Provisioning Methods for Smart Termination Points (Meters, Data Aggregators,
Appliances, Sensors, Controls, etc)
Integration Solutions for Alternative Sources of Energy (Co-Generation thru
Wind, Solar, Thermal, Storage, etc)
Innovative Network Architecture and Topology for Smart Grid
Operational Analysis and Infrastructure Security:
Resilience, Reliability, Security and Scalability
Data Collection, Command & Control algorithms
Vulnerability Analysis and Threat Mitigation Strategies

Development of Interface Protocols & Models to ensure:


Interface with Utility Back-office tools (Billing, Load Management, Service
Provisioning, Asset Management, Outage Restoration, etc)
Seamless end-to-end deployment, operation & maintenance
Easy & Intuitive human interface for operators & customers
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Microgrid Implementation Phases
Phase 1: Construction of Smart Microgrid (2008-2010)
Completion of Smart Metering on designated loads
Development of Load Control Devices for Afresh/Dorms
Integration of Comm Network (Zigbee, WiMax and Fiber backhaul)
Integration of Co-Gen, Solar Modules and Wind Turbine
Completion of protection/islanding of BCIT Campus
Retrofitting and Integration of AFRESH with Microgrid
Dev of BCIT EMS system (target 10% annual saving)
Phase 2: Smart Grid Research and Development (2010-2015)
Research thru NSERC Strategic Network (UoNB, McGill, UoT, UoWO,
UoA, UBC, SFU, UVIC and BCIT)
Phase 3: Smart Microgrid Commercialization (2015-2017)
Setup of Industry Canadas NCE (Network of Centers of Excellence) in
pan-Canadian Smart Grid technology
BC-Hydro/BCIT Microgrid
Topology
Campus
Li-Ion Loads
Thermal PV Modules Wind Turbine
Storage
CO-Gen Turbine (Canopies) 2X5 KW
550 KWh
Plants 250KW 300 KW
EV Charging
Stations
B B B B
U U U U

Distribution Network
S S S S Industrial
Loads
Campus Wide Communication Network (Wi-Max, Zigbee, ISM RF, PLC, Fiber)
Classrooms
Communication B B B & Offices
U U U
Network S S S

Substation Automation & Microgrid Distributed Residences


Critical Infrastructure Control Center Energy
Command &
Security Lab Management
Control
BC Hydro/BCITs Microgrid
SLD
Thermal Co-Gen

Fed by Nebraska Boiler


New advanced multi-fuel
boiler in Building SE8
Combined Heat and Power
(CHP)
Planned Flywheel (25 KW)
Installed Li-Ion Storage
pack (25 KW)
Rated at ~ 250 kW
Thermal Co-Gen
Thermal Co-Gen
PV Co-Gen
Wind Co-Gen
Net-zero Nanogrid
Smart Home Nanogrid
SLD
Nanogrid Communication
Network
Smart Appliances
Load Control Thru Scheduling
Smart Microgrid Control Center
Critical Infrastructure Security Lab
Substation Automation

Existing BCIT Substation E Retrofits for IEC-61850


Smart Metering
technologies

Smart Meters are installed in


various buildings and on some
target loads to be monitored
Technologies chosen based on
challenging environments (e.g.
PLC in Welding shop, etc)
Different MDMS need to be
integrated under utility EMS
Issues were discovered (e.g.
reliability of technologies)
Communication System
Topology
Hybrid Communication System
Distribution Substations WAN
Frequency & Network Planning

Network Status as of October 2010


Asset Management
EMS Residence Portal

Designed to increase awareness of


electrical consumption
Targets to reduce consumption by
modifying consumer behavior
Portal design was based on Social
science research
Consumers sensitive to how theyre
doing versus their neighbours
Focus on empowering consumers to
make the right energy choices
EMS Residence Portal
Demand Response
Load Control
Thru
Scheduling
User Specified
Scheduling
Targets baseboard
heaters, hot water
tanks, lighting, etc.
EMS directly
communicates with
load control boxes
DR Competition Results
Held over two weeks in Jan 2010 between BCITs dorms
(identical buildings, all electric powered, flat rental rates)
Objectives: Use DR technology to reduce consumption
without introducing inconveniences for inhabitants
21% overall reduction in consumption
Over 30% reduction in winning house
GREAT response from students!
Level of interest very high (community info sessions)
Pro-active (and sometimes disallowed) measures
Motivated by competition between different houses
Impact of DR Field Tests on Student Residence
Demand Curve
Mitigation of EV Charging Impact on utilitys
typical distribution feeders
BC-Hydro/BCIT Energy OASIS
BC-Hydro/BCIT Energy OASIS
BC-Hydro/BCIT Energy OASIS
BC-Hydro/BCIT Energy OASIS
BC-Hydro/BCIT Energy OASIS
BC-Hydro/BCIT Energy OASIS
BC-Hydro/BCIT Energy OASIS
Critical Infrastructure
Security Lab
Network Performance Testing (jaalaM
AppareNet)
Encryption Software Protection
Testing (BSB Utilities and Whitenoise
Labs)
Network Security Study (Syncrude)
SCADA Protocol Vulnerability Analysis
(US National Infrastructure Security
Coordination Centre)
SCADA/PCN Firewall Best Practices
(NISCC)
PLC Attack Testing (BP)
Modbus/TCP blackPeer testing (DoD
TSWGs Infrastructure Protection
Program)
Critical Infrastructure
Security Lab
Oil Sands Control Systems Security
(Suncor)
Honeywell C300 Controller Device
Vulnerabilities (Honeywell)
Seminar on Cyber Security Needs
for Critical Infrastructure in the
Energy Industry (Industry Canada)
ExxonMobil Site Security
Assessment (Idaho National Labs)
DNP3 Vulnerability Analysis
& Testing (Cisco)
ASI Fellowships & IEEE Awards
for security testing
Two spin-off companies
(Byres Security and Wurldtech)

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Vulnerabilities
Physical layer: Wireless/RF
Protocols: IEC 61850 , ANSI C12.22

Unauthenticated access
Eavesdropping
Playback
Spoofing
Intrusion detection

Malformed packets
Denial of Service
Insecure Primary Interfaces *
*Ref: AMI Attack Methodology, Carpenter, Goodspeed,
Singletary, Skoudis, Wright Jan 2009

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SG System Level
Vulnerabilities
Hackers potentially tampering with pricing
signals, causing rapid demand changes ,
causing feeder failures or generation system
imbalance
Intruders changing Substation assets
parameters (VVO, CB, VR, etc) causing
substation shutdown and domino failures
Control Centre HMI often Windows or Linux
machines with inherent security vulnerabilities
LTE are all-IP, so can be hacked, spoofed,
infected with viruses, prone to DoS attacks
WiMAX jamming, interference, rogue base
stations, protocol fuzzing, spoofed
management frames

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Vulnerabilities identification and mitigation
strategies
Identify Potential IEC 61850 and ANSI C12.22 Vulnerabilities to mitigate
Acquire, Configure, and Commission IEC 61850 and ANSI C12.22 Devices
Configure Test Gear to Exploit Vulnerabilities (e.g. malformed packets, DoS,
eavesdropping, prevention of playback, spoofing, intrusion detection)
Ensure mitigation strategies such as IEC 62351-6 address above, without
violating critical GOOSE timing constraints
Analyze & Document Vulnerability Tests and Mitigation Results

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Questions?

Dr. Hassan Farhangi, PhD, PEng, SM-IEEE


Director, GAIT, BCIT Technology Centre
BCIT CARI Bldg Wing B, 4355 Mathissi Place
Vancouver, BC, V5G 4S8, CANADA.

Tel: +1-604-456-8074

e-mail: Hassan_Farhangi@bcit.ca

http://www.bcit.ca/microgrid/
http://www.smart-microgrid.ca/

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