DURBAN UNIVERSITY of TECHNOLOGY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT Department of Mechanical Engineering 2010 MID YEAR MAIN EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONAL PROGRAMME: _ B. TECH: ENGINEERING: MECHANICAL PROGRAMME CODE (BTMCHI; BTMCH2) INSTRUCTIONAL OFFERING: FLUID MECHANICS IV SUBJECT CODE: FMEC402 DATE: 28 May 2010 DURATION: 3 HOURS TIME: 09:00 -12:00 TOTAL MARKS 106/100 NUMBER OF PAG 5 (INCLUDING COVER PAGE) ANNEXURES 1 (3 PAGES OF FORMULA SHEE EXAMINER: T. PULLEN MODERATOR: E, ZAWILSKA INSTRUCTIONS: READ THE EXPLICIT INSTRUCTIONS ON THE NEXT PAGE Do not turn the page before permission is givenEluid Mechanics 4 (FMEC402) 2010 Mid Year Main Examinatior IN 13 4 15 16 ‘RUCTIONS Attempt all questions and in any order, but begin each question on a new page. ‘Use your own writing and drawing instruments and calculators to answer questions. Basic non-programmable scientific calculators are preferred, Programmable calculators are to be cleared before the examination begins and any expandable modules are to be removed. Use diagrams and sketches to illustrate or endorse your answers where considered necessary. All work and diagrams must be clearly shown and any assumptions made must be clearly stated Do not write with red or green ink on the script. Use black or blue ink or clearly legible pencil The use of red or green ink or pencil that is too light to be read by the examiner will be ignored Incoherent scribble will be ignored. Dictionaries are not permitted. Final answers should be to two decimal places, in fixed mode “Round-off" tolerances in calculations must not exceed a factor of 0,5 %. If only final answers are given without indicating intermediate steps or explanations, only one mark will be awarded if it is correct. If final answers are incorrect but appropriate intermediate steps or explanations are given, method marks will be awarded. Marks will be deducted if final answers exclude units or include incorrect units. Assume all pressures are absolute unless otherwise indicated The examiner reserves the right to grant extra marks for creative work and elegant solutions ‘The marks awarded for individual questions indicate the depth to which the examiner requires the student to go in supplying the answer A formula sheet is provided (Annexure A ~ 3 pages QUESTION 1 The figure depicts the boundary layer structure in a smooth flat plate, parallel to the flow of the approaching free stream of fluid, At various boundary layer thicknesses 6, the local velocities w, are given in relation to the approaching free stream velocity U. Ld 12 13 14 Within the boundary layer points 4 to G, name the regions bounded by A~B-E and B~C-F-E and C-D-G-F. Velocity profiles P, Q and R within the boundary layer region are represented by continuous lines, Prescribe mathematical representations to these curves and represent them in terms of the local velocity u, in relation to the perpendicular distance y, from the surface of the plate. Name the layer represented by the broken line S. Name the regions represented by 1, 2, 3 and 4. Leading Edge Smooth Flat Plate Trailing Edge [13] DUT/tp/03/2010 - 3. (QUESTION 2Fluid Mechan “402) 2010 Mid Year Main Examinations QUESTION 2 A2 mong by 1 m wide flat plate is placed ina wind tunnel, where the wind speed is 50 km/hour. Ifthe air density is 1,15 kg/m’ and the plate is held at such an angle that the coefficients of lift and drag are 0,75 and 0,15 respectively, determine: 2.1 the resultant force on the plate. a 2.2 the angle of inclination of the plate to the flow direction of the air. Q) 2.3 the power exerted by the air on the plate. Q) {1} of an aeroplane is rectangular in plan, having a chord of 1,8 m and a span of 12 m. When in horizontal flight at 200 km/h, the total aerodynamic force acting in the wing is 28 KN. Ifthe lift to drag ratio is 10:1, and the air density is 1,2 kg/m’, determine the total weight that can be carried by the aeroplane Q) the coefficients of lift and drag () the power required by the aeroplane to sustain flight @) {13} 5 kPa atmospheric pressure and 0,413 kg/m’ density, experiences a normal shock wave when its Mach number value is 2. Assuming y = 1,4 and R = 0,287 kI/kg. K, determine 41 the temperature, sonic velocity and flow velocity before the shock (6) 4.2 the Mach number, pressure, density, temperature, sonic velocity and flow velocity after the shock (2) 43 the strength of the shocl Q) (20) QUESTION 5 A 400 mm diameter concrete pipeline (assumed to be rigid) conveys 10? t/day of water over a distance of 4,1 km. The test pressure for rupture of this concrete pipe is found to be 24 m of water, Determine if the pipe is at risk of bursting if a valve at the downstream end is completely and uniformly closed over a period of 15 seconds. {uy QUESTION 6 A hydraulic jump occurs in a 500 mm wide rectangular channel, at a point where the depth of water flow is 150 mm and the Froude number value is 2,5. Determine: 6.1 the specific energy in metres of water 6.2 the critical depth in metres of water 6.3. the downstream depth in metres of water 6.4 the loss of head in metres of water 6.5 the power dissipated DUT/tp/03/2010 -4- (QUESTION 6 ..2010 Mid Year Main Examinations QUESTION 7 [Place a cross (¥) over option A, B, C or D that is considered to be correct. Only one answer is correct. These pages must be submitted with your script 1 In pipe network analysis, are made up of pipes of several sizes, connected in parallel (A) junctions (B) compound pipes (C) loops (D) branches 2 The pressure wave in a fluid medium of density p and bulk modulus of elasticity £ travels as a sound wave, having a sonic velocity or celerity C, which is given by ac ) (B) C= (p By (C= pe (D) C= Bip 3 When a pipeline of length L contains flowing water having a celerity C, the closure of a valve in the pipeline is considered rapid when the maximum duration of closure is: (A)>2L/C (B)<2L/C (C) 0 attached; =0 on the verge ; dichting: (107 < Re <10°): C, Turb,+ lam. C, < 0 separated 0 ) _ - 1700 (logy, Re,)** Re,FORMULA SHEET — FLUID MECHANICS IV Annexure A (3) p=pRT pip=k pip'=k m=pAV=k a=VKip or=VRT or =VyRT or = Vsine or= VIM pps ps Stagnation properties: B= (TL)? = (1+ Gary po! 2 ! Compressibility correction factor = [1 + M2 + Q=y) M4 + eg 24 0; dA/A < 0; dp <0 (convergent nozzle) <0; dA/A> 0; dp > 0 (divergent diffuser) = 0: dp = 0 (straight through, frictionless) M > 1: dV/V> 0; d4/A> 0: dp <0 (divergent nozzle) M > 1; dV/V <0; d4/A <0; dp > 0 (convergent diffuser) \Pi pila) - (2 1 \ya! \p, pt 2y \pi[l -( |? ] ¥ Pp, (2x )zi]1 -| po} ” tetipl pt Pipi da)’ * (pe) V Cal lye \p/ Rankine line: p, + (V2 = p.+ (0. Ve Fanno line: ¥_ [p.\+ (VY =y_ (ps rie, Ps Ps y-lla! 2p? y-1\a! 2 (yttja -1 1+ [y+1\p, Rankine-Hugoniot equations: p= _\y¥—1}p,__ and Wy 1), yp (xtl)-a , [utlyr y-l! p, y-1) py Shock strength = p 2y (M? by = 2yM2-(=1) 4, = =_+)M? Pi yal V, p (Y-IMP+2