Paper 1 Reading and Use of English

Part One

For questions 1 8, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits
each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). Mark your answers on the separate
answer sheet.

0 A general B typical C norm D usual

The British dental catastrophe

For most of us, going to the dentist every six months used to be the (0)
.NORM. .True, we might not have relished the (1)........., but at least it didn't mean
taking out a second mortgage to pay for any possible treatment, or queueing overnight
in the rain with hundreds of others just for the chance to register with an NHS dentist.
But these days, fewer than half of us visit the dentist on a regular basis and it's not hard
to see why. There simply aren't enough dentists to go round. Finding a dentist (2)to
provide NHS treatment can be almost impossible in some areas. Official figures show
that half the people in England have no (3).. to an NHS dentist, while research
shows that not going to the dentist regularly will not only (4).. to bad teeth,
but it could also put you at risk of serious health problems such as heart disease, stroke,
diabetes and even mouth cancer.
Although it's difficult to make direct comparisons, a recent survey that compared
access to NHS dentists in Britain with access to dentists in other European countries
and the US, shows how serious the situation has become. The survey found on (5)
there were fewer than four NHS dentists per 10,000 in England,
compared with six dentists per 10,000 in the US. Things tend to be worse away from
major cities so if you live in the country, your chances of seeing an NHS dentist are ( 6)
. .
The situation has arisen because dentists, overwhelmed by the pressures of NHS
dentistry, are increasingly moving into private work. Dentists say NHS fees mean that
they cant offer patients a high-quality service. The current system makes only minimal
(7) ....for preventative work, although dentists are trained to detect
1 A Ideal B Prospect C Opinion D View
2 A Willing B Helpful C Allowance D
Commencement
3 A Access B Entrance C Beneficial D
Accustomed
4 A Move B Push C Lead D Submit
5 A Mean B Common C Average D Broad
6 A Slim B Skinny C Weak D Shallow
7 A Permission B Limitation C Existence D Allowance
8 A Search B Look C Scan D
Anticipate
Part 2
For questions 9-16, read the text below and think of the word which best fits
each gap. Use only one word in each gap.
There is an example at the beginning (0). Write your answers in CAPITAL
LETTERS.

Example:
REMEMBER
Memory lapse or dementia?
It's a horribly disconcerting experience - groping to (0). your best
friends name, forgetting an arrangement that you made only yesterday or realising
that your pin number has vanished into a memory black hole. These senior moments'
affect us all at times, but when do brief memory lapses or moments of confusion
become something you (9) to worry about? The fear that you
might, literally, be losing your mind, is one that can be very real. (10) if
youve seen a parent or relative develop Alzheimers.
Dementia affects around 750.000 people in the UK, and although there are 100
different forms of it, Alzheimer's is the (11) common. This disease destroys brain cells
and as the structure and chemistry of the brain become increasingly damaged, the
person's ability to remember, understand and communicate gradually declines. It's a
particularly cruel disease because it robs us of the memories that make us (12) we
are, define our experience and provide us with the means to communicate with other
people.
Although lots of us experience memory problems at some time, in most (13) ..
these have (14) . to do with dementia. It's important to put the risk
into perspective. The reality is that, although it does happen, dementia is unusual
under the age of 65. For the majority of people memory lapses will be nothing (15)
. than occasional blips. It is important to realise that your memory slows
down a bit as you age, but this is a very gradual decline, quite different from the more
dramatic deterioration that happens with Alzheimers. The most common early sign of
a problem is forgetting recently learned information.
(16) its normal to forget appointments and telephone numbers occasionally,
people with early dementia tend to forget more frequently and they also forget the
same information again later.
Part 3
For questions 17-24, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of
some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. There is an
example at the beginning (0).
Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS.
Example:
CRAVINGS

Why you can't say no to certain foods

Are you a chocoholic or a fast food addict? Don't blame yourself - certain foods can
trigger
an eating binge, but there are ways to control the (0) CRAVINGS. Even if youre a
fairly CRAVE
disciplined eater, there are sure to be foods you'll have no (17) to. For
some its a RESIST
bar of chocolate, for others a burger. You probably think there's no one to blame but
your
weak-willed self.
But the reassuring truth is that when it comes to controlling your junk food intake, the
odds
are heavily stacked against you. High-fat, high-sugar foods can act like an (18) .
ADDICT
drug, making us crave even more of the same. In the States, where (19).rates
are OBESE
reaching epidemic proportions, there's even a group called Junk Food Anonymous,
which
aims to help people recover from their (20).. on synthetic or refined food. Fat is
often DEPEND
added to food to make it more palatable so it's a good way of making (21) bland
food EXPENSE
seem tastier. Another reason certain foods are so (22).. is that they have a very
real RESIST
effect on our mood, making us feel more relaxed.
Our eating habits develop when we are young and as we move into adulthood the
chocolate
That we were rewarded with as a young child becomes a guilty (23)
INDULGE
We might feel we've earned the right to treat ourselves after a hard day at work, for
example. Past (24) . can reinforce bad eating habits that are difficult to break
free from. ASSOCIATE
Part 4
For questions 25-30, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to
the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use
between three and six words, including the word given. Here is an example (0).
Example: 0 George should have worked harder if he wanted to pass the
exam. succeeded Had George worked harder, passing the exam.
Answer: HE WOULD HAVE SUCCEEDED IN

Write the missing words IN CAPITAL LETTERS.

25 Did anything about his behaviour seem strange to you?

strike
Did anything about his behaviour .
strange?
26 She takes photographs as a hobby rather than as a job.
much
Taking photographs . a job as a hobby for her.
27 Ben needs to clean his car.
high
Its . his car.
28 I didnt turn the TV on because 1 didn't want to wake the baby.
fear
I didnt turn the TV on the baby.
29 Im not surprised he looks tired if he only had three hours sleep last night.
given
Its not surprising that he looks so tired ..slept for three
hours last night.
30 Youll need to practise every day if you want to be a professional musician.
do
Only by .you stand a chance of becoming a professional
musician.
Part 5
You are going to read an article about encouraging teenagers to keep fit. For
questions 31-36, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best
Get them going!
according to the text.
25 What is suggested in the opening paragraph?

A. Teenagers don't want to get their clothes dirty.

B. Teenagers are more interested in fashion than health.
C. Older people are much healthier than they used to be.
D. Teenagers wont take exercise if older people are around.

Welcome to the world of the 21st century teenager - for teenagers who wouldn't
26 According to Andrew Findley
where DVDs and computer games rule and trainers even dream of joining a sports
are something you wear to look cool rather than run club in the first place, it's particularly important
A. children write false notes to excuse them from PE at school,
in. As a result, at a time when they should be at their that they
B. parents need to be skillful at the sports that children like.
peak | fitness, the UK's teenagers are lagging badly find alternative exercise they
C. parents
behind. Aare unhappy
j national survey with the found
recently sports facilities
that many enjoy in schools.
- or at least do regularly.
D. parents sometimes
16- to 20-year- olds hadaggravate
less aerobic the situation.
capacity and
muscle strength than healthy 60-year-olds. And not It's great if teenagers show an interest in
surprisingly this is giving cause for concern. competitive sport but if they dont, its essential to
27 Roger Draper believes that the situation could be that
realise improved
exercise and the health benefits it
by Roger Draper, chief executive of Sport England, brings are more important than becoming
agrees. 'If they want to give themselves a head start brilliantly skilled in a particular discipline. It's all
A. offering
in stayingahealthy
wider forchoice of activities.
life, teenagers need to get into very well talking about the benefits of exercising
B. scrapping
the exerciseall traditional
habit now', he says.sports. 'We want to see j but when you're faced with telling a sulky 16-year-
C. banning all team
more teenagers sports in
channelling schools.
their natural energy into old you're not driving them down the road because
exercise in any shape or form.'
D. introducing extreme sports to inspire teenagers. the walk will do them good, its another matter. So,
is it really worth the effort? Bearing in mind the
Many parents think that encouraging teenagers into j way a teenager's mind works can help parents to
28 Onesportof the problems
is something schools with
shouldpushing a teenager
take responsibility striketo be more
a balance between encouraging a more
activefor
is but
they mayFindley, a former PE teacher, points
Andrew active lifestyle and what will be viewed as nagging.
out that schools can only go so far. 'The majority of Dr Dawn Skelton points out that most teenagers
A. not appreciate
pupils only get two the wider
hours of PEbenefits
a week soof exercise.find it hard to imagine themselves getting older
although
B. become
it's bettertoo
thantired to there's
nothing do their onlyschoolwork.
so much teachers and live for today not tomorrow, so the importance
C. insist
can doon their parents
- parents have a major taking
role toup a sport
play too', hetoo.
j of keeping fit for the future may be lost on them.
says. 'It the
D. resent always amazed
fact thatme theyhowcan't
many pupils would sports with their
do certain
come with a note from home excusing them from PE 'Parents need to focus on how a healthier lifestyle
friends.
without good reason. A lot of teenagers also feel it's j can help them now, she says. 'If they are studying
not cool to do well at school and that goes for PE as for exams for instance, research shows that
exercise can boost their concentration levels. Girls
29 Inmuch
order as to
other subjects.'
inspire a teenager, you
A recent survey of 11- to 14-year-olds revealed that j might be inspired by the fact that exercise can
sport is tell
becoming improve their looks in terms of their skin as well as
A. should thema about
less popular way of spending
the sports you used j to play when you
leisure
were time while the number of children in that age j their figures and teenage boys might like the idea
young.
range who say they love sport of building up their muscle mass. Sport can also be
B. should stress how luckyhastheydroppedare by 10
to have good sports
percent compared to previous years. Roger Draper useful social contact through which they can form
facilities. relationships that last a lifetime.
puts j this down to the number of other pursuits
C. ought to practise what you preach.
competing I for teenagers' leisure hours, from playing
D. should ban them from watching TV in the evening, And of course, setting a good example helps too.
on the computer to going out clubbing. 'That's why
It's no good telling your child to get up and be
we're looking to support sports such as skateboarding
active if you are slouching in front of the TV. Family
and other street sports, which young people are
30 When a teenager is willing to try something new, trips parents
to the swimming pool, bowling alley or
increasingly j interested in. We cannot just promote
nearest country park will help you all to stay active
the old tradition- I al sports of football, hockey and
A. should never pay money upfront for them to- with take family
partharmony
in a as an extra bonus. If they
cricket - many
sport. try something they aren't keen on, encourage
teenagers still want to play these but many others
them to give it a good go but if they are still
don't and we need to broaden sport's appeal.'
adamant it's not for them try and find an
Membership of sports clubs drops significantly in alternative rather than insisting they carry on or
teenage years; 71 percent of 7- to 10-year-olds just give up. Many clubs provide taster sessions so
belong to a club compared to 43 percent of 15- to 19- you don't have to shell out for a whole course and
year- olds. The danger is that those who have risk your teenager dropping out after a few tries.
dropped out I may not take up another activity to Maybe the most important thing is to remember
r. keep them fit and j will enter adulthood with a that whatever they choose to do, it can be
sedentary lifestyle. While challenging but it should be fun. That way they are
 Part 6
You are going to read four reviews of a new restaurant. For questions 37-40, choose
from reviews A-D. The reviews may be chosen more than once.

Union Street Cafe

Four critics comment on the
37
A c
If any among you still doubt that David Union Street Cafe is not a cafe and isnt
Beckham is an exceedingly smart cookie, strictly in Union Street (see address below)
members of the jury, allow me to submit but it's certainly the most talked-about and
the clinching evidence. A few weeks ago, 'in' new restaurant for the autumn. This,
the Daily Mirror recently reported, he you'll doubtless know, is because it was
withdrew as an investor in his chum rumoured that its owner, Gordon Ramsay,
Gordon Ramsay's Union Street Cafe, which the former footballer who once had a trial
Which
openedreviewer
in Southwark on Monday. The with Rangers, was going into partnership
Mirror did not explain why, revealing only with David Beckham, the well- known
'T
that the two men wanted different things'.
makes inferences to New York in their review when
foodie. Why this macho convergence would
We could speculate
discussing for hours
the restaurants aboutlike
decor, what have
reviewer made for an ideal restaurant, is hard
B?
that means, but let me posit this theory: to fathom. Have we got a picture in our
Beckham wanted a really good restaurant heads of Victoria in a lace pinny, sulkily
and Ramsay wanted something else. This
like reviewer A, suggests that the public might announcing
lack the daily specials? No? Just me,
is not to suggest he wanted a really bad then. But it doesn't matter now. because
sympathy with Ramsay's public persona?
restaurant. Eccentric as his psycho shtick Beckham chose not to invest any dosh. So
may make him appear, he is not clinically the USC is just a new Gordon Ramsay joint,
insane, and this newbie, his 10th in in a funny part of town. Great Suffolk
disagrees with the other three reviewers, believing
Britain, is far from atrocious. It would be Street isn't hopelessly grotty, just a bit
Ramsay's new restaurant to be not particularly down-at-heel. It, and Union Street which it
fashionable? bisects, are in the heart of Southwark, the
B
raffish heart of Olde South London that's
Here's
like what I'm
reviewer C, going to do:
believes thatI'mhaving
going to
a famous owner,
now so trendy, bounded by Tate Modern,
close my eyes, stick my fingers in my ears
has helped the popularity of the restaurant?Borough Market, Guy's Hospital and the
and pretend I don't know that this big,
London Dungeon. I think it appealed to
new, shiny restaurant in Southwark has
Gordon because it's London's version of
anything to do with Gordon Ramsay.
Brooklyn; edgy, but without the West End's
Otherwise, it's impossible to approach
gleam and swagger. And there's a famous
without being blind-sided by the baggage
Union Street in Brooklyn.
trailed in his wake. He's the tallest of
poppies, our Gordon; everybody lining up
to give him a trampling. So let's make
D
believe that Union Street Cafe is brought
to us by nice, anonymous people intent on David Beckham pulled out at the last
giving us fine food and a good time. You minute, but that hasn't stopped a rush for
in? This is Big Sweary's first opening tables at Gordon Ramsay's new venture;
without his eminence grise pa-in-iaw, with and the fact that Union Street Cafe is doing
whom he fell out in spectacular. Greek brisk trade, proves that Ramsay himself
tragedian fashion. Sorry, I'll try again. It's retains impressive pulling power. With its
all cheery bustle in this high-windowed and casual urban setting and emphasis on
handsome room, more New York than Italian cooking, this venue marks a
London, in its studied mix of haute- welcome departure for the megastar chef,
industrial and luxury: ducting and who has drafted in Davide Degiovanni to
concrete, framing well-spaced tables and head up the kitchen. Expect small portions
of accomplished, ingredients-led dishes,
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