Problem 3.

2-2

3.2-2 A PL 12200 tension member is connected with 6 M24-mm-diameter

bolts, as shown in the figure. The steel has Fy = 248 MPa, and Fu = 400 MPa.
Assume that Ae = An and compute the following. Take the hole diameter; h = 24
+3.2 = 27.2 mm.
a. The design strength for LRFD.
b. The allowable strength for ASD.

1
 Problem 3.2-2 (Solution)

= = 2400 mm 2
Ag 200(12)
An = Ag 2ht =2400 2(27.2)(12) =1747.2 mm 2 = Ae

a. LRFD:

t Pn =
min {0.9 Fy Ag ; 0.75Fu Ae } min {0.9(248)(2400); 0.75(400)(1747.2)}
t Pn =
min {535680; 524160} 524.16 kN

b. ASD:

Pn / =
min {0.6Fy Ag ; 0.5Fu Ae } min {0.6(248)(2400); 0.5(400)(1747.2)}
Pn / =
min {357120; 349440} 349.44 kN

2
 Problem 3.2-3

3.2-3 A UPN300 is connected with M24 diameter bolt in each flange, as shown
in the figure. The steel has Fy = 248 MPa, and Fu = 400 MPa. Assume that Ae =
0.90An and compute the following.
a. The design strength for LRFD.
b. The allowable strength for ASD.
Take the hole diameter; h = 24 +3.2 = 27.2 mm.

3
 Problem 3.2-3 (Solution)
=
Ag 58.8 cm 2 , t f 16 mm
An =Ag 2ht f = 58.8 2(2.72)(1.6) =50.096 cm 2
=
Ae 0.90 = 45.0864 cm 2
An 0.90(50.096)
a. LRFD:

t Pn =
min {0.9 Fy Ag ; 0.75Fu Ae } min {0.9(248)(5880); 0.75(400)(4508.64)}
t Pn =
min {1312416; 1352592} 1312.416 kN

b. ASD:

Pn / =
min {0.6Fy Ag ; 0.5Fu Ae } min {0.6(248)(5880); 0.5(400)(4508.64)}
Pn / =
min {874944; 901728} 874.944 kN

4
 Problem 3.2-5

3.2-5 The tension member shown is a PL 12200 of a steel having Fy = 248

MPa, and Fu = 400 MPa. The member is connected to a gusset plate with M30
bolts. It is subjected to the dead and live loads shown. Does the member have
enough strength. Assume that Ae = An.
a. Use LRFD.
b. Use ASD.
Take the hole diameter; h = 30 +3.2 = 33.2 mm.

5
 Problem 3.2-5 (Solution)
= 2400 mm 2
Ag 200(12)
An = Ag ht = 2400 (33.2)(12) = 2001.6 mm 2 = Ae

a. LRFD:

t Pn =
min {0.9 Fy Ag ; 0.75Fu Ae } min {0.9(248)(2400); 0.75(400)(2001.6)}
t Pn =
min {535680; 600480} 535.68 kN
Pu = 1.2 D + 1.6 L = 1.2(425) + 1.6(40) = 574 kN > t Pn = 535.68 kN N.G.
b. ASD:

Pn / =
min {0.6Fy Ag ; 0.5Fu Ae } min {0.6(248)(2400); 0.5(400)(2001.6)}
Pn / min
= {357120; 400320} 357.12 kN
Pa= D + L= 425 + 40= 465 kN > Pn / = 357.12 kN N.G.
6
 Problem 3.2-6

3.2-6 A double-angle tension member, 2L 75506 LLBB of a steel having Fy =

248 MPa, and Fu = 400 MPa, is subjected to a dead load of 55 kN and a live load
of 165 kN. The member is connected to a gusset plate with M27 bolts through the
long legs. Does the member have enough strength? Assume that Ae = 0.85An.
a. Use LRFD.
b. Use ASD.
Take the hole diameter; h = 27 +3.2 = 30.2 mm.

7
 Problem 3.2-6 (Solution)
=
Ag 2(7.19) =
cm 2 14.38 cm 2 1438 mm 2
An = Ag 2ht =1438 2(30.2)(6) =1075.6 mm 2
=
Ae 0.85 = 914.26 mm 2
An 0.85(1075.6)
a. LRFD:

t Pn =
min {0.9 Fy Ag ; 0.75Fu Ae } min {0.9(248)(1438); 0.75(400)(914.26)}
t Pn =
min {320961.6; 274278} 274.278 kN
Pu = 1.2 D + 1.6 L = 1.2(55) + 1.6(165) = 330 kN > t Pn = 274.278 kN N.G.
b. ASD:

Pn / min
= {0.6Fy Ag ; 0.5Fu Ae } min {0.6(248)(1438); 0.5(400)(914.26)}
Pn / min
= {213974.4; 182852} 182.852 kN
Pa= D + L= 55 + 165= 220 kN > Pn / = 182.852 kN N.G.
8
 Problem 3.3-1

3.3-1 Determine the effective area Ae for each case shown in the figure.

9
 Problem 3.3-1 (Solution)
a. Case a:
= Ag 30= cm 2 3000 mm 2
x 36.4
U =1 =1 =0.513
75
=Ae A=gU =
3000(0.513) 1540 mm 2

b. Case b:
h = 27 +3.2 = 30.2 mm.
Ag = 12(140) = 1680 mm 2 , An = Ag ht = 1680 (30.2)(12) = 1317.6 mm 2
U = 1.0, since plate consisting of only one element that is bolted
=
Ae A= nU = 1317.6 mm 2
1317.6(1.0)

10
 Problem 3.3-1 (Solution)
c. Case c:
= = 1920 mm 2
Ag 16(120)
U = 1.0, since plate consisting of only one element that is welded
with longitudinal and transverse welds.
=Ae A= gU =
1920(1.0) 1920 mm 2

11
 Problem 3.3-2

3.3-2 For the tension member shown, compute the following:

a. The tensile design strength.
b. The allowable tensile strength.

12
 Problem 3.3-2 (Solution)
= = 2400 mm 2
Ag 12(200)
/ w < 300 / 200 =1.5
U = 0.87, since plate consisting of only one element that is welded
with longitudinal welds only.
=Ae A= gU = 2088 mm 2
2400(0.87)
a. LRFD:
t Pn min
= {0.9 Fy Ag ; 0.75Fu Ae } min {0.9(248)(2400); 0.75(400)(2088)}
t Pn min
= {535680; 626400} 535.68 kN
b. ASD:
Pn / =
min {0.6 Fy Ag ; 0.5Fu Ae } min {0.6(248)(2400); 0.5(400)(2088)}
Pn / =
min {357120; 417600} 357.12 kN
13
 Problem 3.3-6

3.3-6 The tension member shown is a UAP 300 of S355 (Fy = 355 MPa, and Fu
= 490 MPa). Will it safely support a service dead load of 270 kN and a service live
load of 560 kN.
a. Use LRFD.

14
 Problem 3.3-6 (Solution)
UAP=300: Ag 5856= mm 2 , tw 9.5= mm, x 29.6 mm
An =Ag 3htw =5856 3(22 + 3.2)(9.5) =5137.8 mm 2
x 29.6
U =1 =1 =0.848
(3 65)
= =
Ae 0.848 = 4357.9 mm 2
An 0.848(5137.8)

a. LRFD:
t Pn =
min {0.9 Fy Ag ; 0.75Fu Ae } min {0.9(355)(5856); 0.75(490)(4357.9)}
t Pn min {1870992;= 1601528} 103 1601.528 kN
Pu = 1.2 D + 1.6 L = 1.2(270) + 1.6(560) = 1220 kN < t Pn = 1601.528 kN, OK.

15
 Problem 3.4-2

3.4-2 The tension member shown is a PL16250 having Fy = 248 MPa, and Fu
= 400 MPa. The bolts are M22. Determine the following:
a. The tensile design strength.
b. The allowable tensile strength.

16
 Problem 3.4-2 (Solution)
a d d
e e
b b b
f
c c g
Ag =16(250) =4000 mm 2 , h =22 + 3.2 =25.2 mm
Fracture line abc:
An1 = Ag ht = 4000 25.2(16) = 3596.8 mm 2
Fracture line debc:
s2 752
An 2 = Ag 2ht + t =4000 2(25.2)(16) + (16) =3493.6 mm 2
4g 4(75)
Fracture line debfgc:
s2 752
An 3 = Ag 3ht + 2 t = 4000 3(25.2)(16) + (2) (16) = 3390.4 mm 2
4g 4(75)
17
 Problem 3.4-2 (Solution)

=
An min( An1 ; An 2 ; An=
3 ) =
An3 3390.4 mm 2

=
Ae A=
nU 3390.4(1.0) = 3390.4 mm 2

a. LRFD:
t Pn =
min {0.9 Fy Ag ; 0.75Fu Ae } min {0.9(248)(4000); 0.75(400)(3390.4)}
t Pn =
min {892800; 1017120} 892.8 kN
b. ASD:
Pn / min
= {0.6 Fy Ag ; 0.5Fu Ae } min {0.6(248)(4000); 0.5(400)(3390.4)}
Pn / min
= {595200;678080} 595.2 kN

18
 Problem 3.4-4

3.4-4 A S355 steel is used for the tension member shown in the figure. The bolts
are M20. The connection is to a 10-mm-thick gusset plate.
a. Determine the nominal strength based on the gross area.
b. Determine the nominal strength based on the effective net area.
Fy = 355 MPa, and Fu = 490 MPa.

19
Problem 3.4-4 (Solution)
a
IPE 400: Ag = 8450 mm 2

tw = 8.6 mm b
e
t f = 13.5 mm
h =20 + 3.2 =23.2 mm f
c

a. Determine the nominal strength base on the gross area.

3
=
Pn F=
y Ag =
355(8450)(10 ) 2999.75 3000 kN

20
 Problem 3.4-4 (Solution)

b. Determine the nominal strength base on the effective net area.

Fracture line abcd:

An1 =Ag 2htw = 8450 2(23.2)(8.6) =8050.96 mm 2

Fracture line abecd:

s2 s2
An 2 =Ag 3htw + tw + tw
4 g1 4 g2
752 752
An 2 =
8450 3(23.2)(8.6) + (8.6) + (8.6) =
8093.315 mm 2
4(75) 4(150)

2121
 Problem 3.4-4 (Solution)

b. Determine the nominal strength base on the effective net area.

Fracture line abefcd:

s2
An 3 =Ag 4htw + 2 tw
4 g1
752
A=
n3 8450 4(23.2)(8.6) + 2 =
(8.6) 7974.42 mm 2

4(75)

2222
Problem
=
3.4-4 (Solution)
A min( A ; A ; A=) A= 7974.42 mm , 2
n n1 n2 n3 n3

b 2f ( b 2f tw2 )
d
8 8
( d 2t f )
x=
b f ( b f tw )
2 d ( d 2t f )
2

180
2
(180 2
8.6 2
)
( 400 2 13.5 )
8 400
8
x = 27.96 mm
180 (180 8.6 )
400
( 400 2 13.5 )
2 2
x = 27.96
x 27.96
, U =1 =1 =
0.830
(90 + 75)
= =
Ae UAn = 6618.77 mm 2
0.830(7974.42)
2323
3
=
Pn F=
u Ae =
490(6618.77)(10 ) 3243.20 kN
 Problem 3.4-5

3.4-5 The tension member shown is an L1509010 having Fy = 248 MPa, and
Fu = 400 MPa. The bolts are M20. Is the member adequate for a service dead load
of 140 kN and a service live load of 140 kN?
a. Use LRFD.
b. Use ASD.

24
 Problem 3.4-5 (Solution)
e a
40 mm
f 90 10/2 = 85 mm

g = (50 10/2) + (60 10/2) = 100 mm

b 150 10/2 = 145 mm

d
Ag =23.2 cm 2 =2320 mm 2 , h =20 + 3.2 =23.2 mm
Fracture line abcd:
An1 = Ag 2ht =2320 2(23.2)(10) =1856 mm 2
Fracture line efbcd:
s2 402
An 2 = Ag 3ht + t = 2320 3(23.2)(10) + (10) =1664 mm 2
4g 4(100)

25
 Problem 3.4-5 (Solution)

=
An min( An1 ; An=
2 ) =
An2 1664 mm 2

=
Ae A=
nU 1664(1.0)= 1664 mm 2

a. LRFD:
t Pn =
min {0.9 Fy Ag ; 0.75Fu Ae } min {0.9(248)(2320); 0.75(400)(1664)}
t Pn =
min {517824; 499200} 499.2 kN
Pu = 1.2 D + 1.6 L = 1.2(140) + 1.6(140) = 392 kN < t Pn = 499.2 kN O.K.

b. ASD:
Pn / min
= {0.6 Fy Ag ; 0.5Fu Ae } min {0.6(248)(2320); 0.5(400)(1664)}
Pn / min
= {345216;332800} 332.8 kN
Pa= D + L= 140 + 140= 280 kN < Pn / = 332.8 kN O.K.
26
 Problem 3.5-1

3.5-1 The tension member shown is a PL10140 having Fy = 248 MPa, and Fu
= 400 MPa. It is connected to a 10 mm thick gusset plate, with M20 bolts.
Determine the nominal block shear strength of the tension member.

27
 Problem 3.5-1 (Solution)
h =20 + 3.2 =23.2 mm
Agv= 2(40 + 80 + 80)(10)= 4000 mm 2
Anv= 2[40 + 80 + 80 2.5(23.2)](10)= 2840 mm 2
Ant =
[65 2(0.5)(23.2)](10) =
418 mm 2

Rn = 0.6 Fu Anv + U bs Fu Ant 0.6 Fy Agv + U bs Fu Ant

Rn min(0.6 Fu Anv ; 0.6 Fy Agv ) + U bs Fu Ant
Rn min[0.6(400)(2840); 0.6(248)(4000)] + 1.0(400)(418)
Rn = min[681600; 595200] + 167200 = 595200 + 167200 = 762400 N
Rn = 762.4 kN

28
 Problem 3.5-3

3.5-3 A Tee section cut from an IPE300 (half of IPE300) is used as a tension
member. It has Fy = 248 MPa, and Fu = 400 MPa. It is connected with M22 bolts.
Determine the nominal block shear strength of the tension member.

IPE 300: Ag = 53.8 cm2, d = 300 mm, tw = 7.1 mm, bf = 150 mm, tf = 10.1 mm.
(IPE 300): Ag = 26.9 cm2, d = 150 mm, tw = 7.1 mm, bf = 150 mm, tf = 10.1 mm.

29
 Problem 3.5-3 (Solution)
h =22 + 3.2 =25.2 mm
Agv= (55 + 4 115)(7.1)= 3656.5 mm 2
Anv =
Agv 4.5(25.2)(7.1) =
2851.36 mm 2
Ant = [150 105 (0.5)(25.2)](7.1) = 230.395 mm 2

Rn = 0.6 Fu Anv + U bs Fu Ant 0.6 Fy Agv + U bs Fu Ant

Rn min(0.6 Fu Anv ; 0.6 Fy Agv ) + U bs Fu Ant
Rn min[0.6(400)(2851.36); 0.6(248)(3656.5)] + 1.0(400)(230.395)
R=
n min[684326.4; 544087.2] + 92158= 544087.2 + 92158= 636245.2 N
Rn = 636.245 kN

30
 Problem 3.6-1
3.6-1 Select a single-angle tension member having Fy = 248 MPa, and Fu = 400
MPa, to resist the following service loads: D = 220 kN, L = 440 kN, W = 200 kN.
The member will be connected through one leg with M25 bolts, in two lines, with
four bolts in each line. The member length is 6 m.
a. Use LRFD.
b. Use ASD.

31
 Problem 3.6-1 (Solution)
a. LRFD:
Pu = 1.2 D + 1.6 L + 0.5(Lr or S or R ) = 1.2(220) + 1.6(440) + 0.5(0) = 968 kN, Controls
Pu =1.2 D + 1.6(Lr or S or R ) + (0.5L or 0.5W ) =1.2(220) + 1.6(0) + 0.5(440) =484 kN
Pu = 1.2 D + 1.0W + 0.5 L + 0.5(Lr or S or R) = 1.2(220) + 1.0(200) + 0.5(440) + 0.5(0)
Pu = 684 kN
Pu 968000
To prevent Yielding: Ag = = 4337 mm 2
0.90 Fy 0.90(248)
Pu 968000
To prevent Fracture: Ae = = 3227 mm 2
0.75 Fu 0.75(400)
3227
Four bolts in each line Ae = AnU = An (0.8) An = 4034 mm 2
0.8
Ag 4034 + 2(25 + 3.2)t= 4034 + 56.4t mm 2

32
 Problem 3.6-1 (Solution)
If we choose an equal angle shape: Try L18018016;
Ag = 55.4 cm2 = 5540 mm2, rmin = 3.53 cm
Ag 4034 + 56.4t = 4034 + 56.4(16) = 4936.4 mm 2 < 5540 mm 2 , O.K.
L 600
rmin = 3.53 cm > = = 2 cm, O.K.
300 300
If we choose an unequal angle shape: Try L20015015;
Ag = 50.5 cm2 = 5050 mm2, rmin = 3.23 cm
Ag 4034 + 56.4t = 4034 + 56.4(15) = 4880 mm 2 < 5050 mm 2 , O.K.
L 600
rmin = 3.23 cm > = = 2 cm, O.K.
300 300

33
 Problem 3.6-1 (Solution)
b. ASD:
Pa = D + L = 220 + 440 = 660 kN, Controls
Pa =
D + 0.75 L + 0.75(Lr or S or R ) =
220 + 0.75(440) + 0.75(0) =
550 kN
Pa =
D + 0.75 L + 0.75(0.6W ) + 0.75(Lr or S or R )
Pa =220 + 0.75(440) + 0.75(0.6 200) + 0.75(0) =640 kN
Pa 660000
To prevent Yielding: Ag = = 4435 mm 2
0.60 Fy 0.60(248)
Pa 660000
To prevent Fracture: Ae = = 3300 mm 2
0.5 Fu 0.5(400)
3300
Four bolts in each line Ae = AnU = An (0.8) An = 4125 mm 2
0.8
Ag 4125 + 2(25 + 3.2)t= 4125 + 56.4t mm 2
34
 Problem 3.6-1 (Solution)
If we choose an equal angle shape: Try L18018016;
Ag = 55.4 cm2 = 5540 mm2, rmin = 3.53 cm
Ag 4125 + 56.4t = 4125 + 56.4(16) = 5027.4 mm 2 < 5540 mm 2 , O.K.
L 600
rmin = 3.53 cm > = = 2 cm, O.K.
300 300
If we choose an unequal angle shape: Try L20015015;
Ag = 50.5 cm2 = 5050 mm2, rmin = 3.23 cm
Ag 4125 + 56.4t = 4125 + 56.4(15) = 4971 mm 2 < 5050 mm 2 , O.K.
L 600
rmin = 3.23 cm > = = 2 cm, O.K.
300 300

35
 Problem 3.6-2
3.6-2 Select a double-angle tension member having Fy = 248 MPa, and Fu = 400
MPa, to resist the following service loads: D = 90 kN, L = 265 kN. The member
will be connected to a 10-mm-thick gusset plate with a single line of five M22
bolts. The member length is 4.5 m.
a. Use LRFD.
b. Use ASD.

36
 Problem 3.6-2 (Solution)
a. LRFD:
Pu = 1.2 D + 1.6 L + 0.5(Lr or S or R ) = 1.2(90) + 1.6(265) + 0.5(0) = 532 kN

Pu 532000
To prevent Yielding: Ag = = 2384 mm 2
0.90 Fy 0.90(248)
Pu 532000
To prevent Fracture: Ae = = 1773 mm 2
0.75 Fu 0.75(400)
1773
Five bolts in the line Ae = AnU = An (0.8) An = 2216 mm 2
0.8
Ag 2216 + 1(22 + 3.2)t= 2216 + 25.2t mm 2

37
 Problem 3.6-2 (Solution)
If we choose an equal angle shape: Try 2L90908;
Ag = 2(13.9 cm2) = 2780 mm2, rmin = 2.74 cm
Ag 2216 + 50.4t = 2216 + 25.2(8) = 2417.6 mm 2 < 2780 mm 2 , O.K.
L 450
rmin = 2.74 cm > = = 1.5 cm, O.K.
300 300
If we choose an unequal angle shape: Try 2L100758 LLBB;
Ag = = 2(13.5 cm2) = 2700 mm2, rx = = 3.14 cm, Iy = 2[64.1 + 13.5(1/2 + 1.87)2] =
279.856 cm4, ry = (Iy /Ag)0.5 = 3.22 cm, rmin = 3.14 cm.

Ag 2216 + 25.2t = 2216 + 25.2(8) = 2417.6 mm 2 < 2700 mm 2 , O.K.

L 450
rmin = 3.14 cm > = = 1.5 cm, O.K.
300 300

38
 Problem 3.7-4
3.7-4 As shown in the figure, members AC and BD are used to brace the pin-
connected structure against a horizontal wind load of 45 kN. Both of these
members are assumed to be tension members and not resist any compression. For
the load direction shown member AC will resist the load in tension, and member
BD will be unloaded. Select threaded rods having Fy = 248 MPa, and Fu = 400
MPa for these members. Use LRFD.

39
 Problem 3.7-4 (Solution)
Use LRFD.

Combination 4: 1.2D + 1.0W + 0.5L + 0.5(Lr or S or R) = 1.2(0) + 1.0(45) +

0.5(0) + 0.5(0) = 45 kN FBC C
FAC FDC

Ax

Ay Dy

40
 Problem 3.7-4
M = 0 45(6) + D (11) = 0 D = F = 24.545 kN
A y y CD

+ F = 0 A + D = 0 A = 24.545 kN
y y y y

+ F =0 45 A =0 A =45 kN
x x x

Joint C :
6
+ Fy = 0 FAC + FCD = 0 FAC = 51.259 kN
(11) + (6)
2 2

FAC 51.259 103

Required cross section:=
Ab , required = = 228 mm 2
t (0.75 Fu ) 0.75[0.75(400)]
Ab , required 228
Required rod diameter: db= 2 = 2= 17.038 mm,
, required

Use 3/4 in. = 19.05 mm

41
 Problem on Pin-Connected Members
A pin-connected member has a rectangular cross-section of width w and thickness
t. It is connected to a pin of 27 mm diameter. The member is subjected to the
following tensions: D = 100 kN, L = 100 kN. Determine the dimensions w and t of
the cross-section. The steel used has Fy = 248 MPa, and Fu = 400 MPa.

42
 Problem on Pin-Connected Members
(Solution)
Pu = 1.2 D + 1.6 L + 0.5(Lr or S or R ) = 1.2(100) + 1.6(100) + 0.5(0) = 280 kN

Bearing: t = 0.75, = 2.00, t Fn = t (1.8FyApb) = t (1.8Fydt) = Pu

280000
t = 30.975 = mm, use t 32 mm
0.75(1.8 248 27)
Tension on the gross section: t = 0.90, = 1.67, t Fn = t (FyAg) = t (Fywt) = Pu
280000
=w = 39.203 mm
= > d 27 mm
0.90(248 32)
Tension on the net effective area: t = 0.75, t = 2.00, t Fn = t [Fu(2tbe)] = Pu
280000
b= = 14.583 mm < 2t + 16 = 2(32) + 16 = 80 mm,
0.75(400 2 32)
e

use be =b =16.5 mm w = d + 2b = 27 + 2(16.5) = 60 mm

43
 Problem on Pin-Connected Members
(Solution)
Shear on the effective area: t = 0.75, sf = 2.00, t Fn = t (0.6FuAsf) = t
{0.6Fu[2t(a + d/2)]} = Pu
280000 27
=a = =
10.806 mm, use a 12 mm
0.75[0.6 400 2 32] 2

16.5 mm
t = 32 mm
12 mm 27 mm

16.5 mm

44
 Problem 3.8-4
3.8-4 Use LRFD and design the tension members of the roof truss shown in the
figure. Use double-angle shapes throughout and assume 10-mm-thick gusset plates
and welded connections. Assume a shear lag factor of U = 0.80. the trusses are
spaced at 9 m. Use a steel having Fy = 248 MPa, and Fu = 400 MPa for the
following loads:
Metal deck: 20 daN/m2 of roof surface
Built-up roof : 60 daN/m2 of roof surface
Purlins: 15 daN/m2 of roof surface (estimated)
Snow: 95 daN/m2 of horizontal projection
Truss weight: 24 daN/m2 of horizontal projection (estimated)

45
 Problem 3.8-4 (Solution)
Calculations of Joint Loads:

Interior Joint:
-Tributary areas: (2.4) 2 + (12) 2
Roof area: 9 =
27.535 m 2
Projected area: 4 93 = 27 m 2

Metal deck: 20(27.535) = 551 daN = 5.51 kN

Built-up roof : 60(27.535) = 1652 daN = 16.52 kN
Purlins: 15(27.535) = 413 daN = 4.13 kN
Snow: 95(27) = 2565 daN = 25.65 kN
Truss weight: 24(27) = 648 daN = 6.48 kN
Total Dead Load: D = 5.51 + 16.52 + 4.13 + 6.48 = 32.64 kN
Snow Load: S = 25.65 kN

46
 Problem 3.8-4 (Solution)
Calculations of Joint Loads:

Exterior Joint:
-Tributary areas: (2.4) 2 + (12) 2
1
Roof area: 9 1 =13.767 m 2
Projected area: 2 9 3 4=13.5 m 2
2
Total Dead Load: D = 0.5(32.64) = 16.32 kN
Snow Load: S = 0.5(25.65) = 12.825 kN

LRFD:
Combination 3: 1.2D + 1.6(Lr or S or R) + (0.5L or 0.5W) =
1.2(32.64) +1.6(25.65) + 0 = 80.208 kN for an Interior Joint
0.5(80.208) = 40.104 kN for an Exterior Joint

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 Problem 3.8-4 (Solution)
Calculations of Reactions:

Due to symmetry the vertical reactions at the supports have the following values:
40.104 + 3(80.208) + 0.5(80.208) = 320.832 kN
The bottom chord of the truss is in tension. The maximum tension in the chord
C
members will occur at the supports.

T
Left Support Joint: 320.832 kN
2.4
+ Fy = 0 C + 320.832 = 0 C = 1635.929 kN
(2.4) + (12)
2 2

12
+ F x =0 C + T =0 T =1604.16 kN
(2.4) + (12)
2 2

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 Problem 3.8-4 (Solution)
Design of the Tension Members:
T 1604160
To prevent Yielding: Ag = = 7187 mm 2= 71.87 cm 2
0.90 Fy 0.90(248)
Pu 1604160
To prevent Fracture: Ae = = 5347.2 mm=
2
53.472 cm 2
0.75 Fu 0.75(400)
5347.2
Welded Connections with U = 0.8 Ae = AgU = Ag (0.8) Ag = 6684 mm 2
0.8
If we choose an unequal angle shape: Try 2L20015012 LLBB;
Ag = = 2(40.8 cm2) = 8160 mm2, rx = = 6.36 cm, Iy = 2[803 + 40.8(1/2 + 3.61)2] =
2984.395 cm4, ry = (Iy /Ag)0.5 = 6.048 cm, rmin = 6.048 cm.
L 300
rmin = 6.048 cm > = = 1 cm, O.K.
300 300

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 Quiz 1-Fall 2014
We want to connect a double UPN to a bar which has a width 40 mm greater than
the depth of double UPN shapes, as shown in the figure.
Using LRFD, and S355 steel (Fy = 355 MPa, and Fu = 490 MPa) design the
members of the connection for the following service axial tension loads:
PD = 500 kN,
PL = 1000 kN.
The bolts are M24 (h = d + 3.2 mm). Investigate all modes of failure.

50
 Quiz 1-Fall 2014 (Solution)
Design of the UPN:

Pu = 1.2 PD +1.6 PL = 1.2(500) +1.6(1000) = 2200 kN, say 1100 kN per UPN
Ag Pu / (0.9Fy) = 11001000/(0.9355) = 3443 mm2 = 34.43 cm2
Ae = An U = [Ag - 2(24 + 3.2)10] 0.85 = (0.85Ag 462.4) mm2 Pu / (0.75Fu) =
11001000/(0.75490) = 2993.2 mm2 = 29.932 cm2 (Assumptions: U = 0.85, and
tw =10 mm)
Ag (2993.2 + 462.4)/0.85 = 4065.4 mm2 = 40.654 cm2

Choose UPN 240: Ag = 42.3 cm2 = 4230 mm2, x = 22.3 mm, tw = 9.5 mm
1 x/l = 1 22.3/225 = 0.901

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 Quiz 1-Fall 2014 (Solution)
Design of the Bar:

The Bar must resist the whole Pu = 2200 kN.

The width of the Bar is: w = 20 + 240 + 20 = 280 mm, Ag = wt =280t
Ag Pu / (0.9Fy) = 22001000/(0.9355) = 6886 mm2; t = 6886/280 = 24.6 mm

Ae = An U = [Ag - 2(24 + 3.2)t] 1.0 = (280t 54.4t) = 225.6t mm2 Pu /

(0.75Fu) = 22001000/(0.75490) = 5986.4 mm2; t 5986.4/225.6 = 26.54 mm,
say 27 mm.

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 Quiz 1-Fall 2014 (Solution)
Block Shear of the UPN:

Pu = 1.2 PD +1.6 PL = 1.2(500) +1.6(1000) = 2200 kN, say 1100 kN per UPN
Agv =2(35 + 75 + 75 + 75)9.5 = 4940 mm2
Anv = Agv - 23.5(27.2)9.5 = 3131.2 mm2
Ant = [80 - 20.5(27.2)]9.5 = 501.6 mm2
0.6FyAgv = 0.6(355)4940 = 1052220 N > 0.6FuAnv = 0.6(490)3131.2 = 920572.8 N

Rn = 0.75[0.6FuAnv + UbsFuAnv] = 0.75[920572.8 + 1.0(490)(501.6)]/1000 =

874.77 kN < Pu = 1100 kN, N.G.
To remedy this lack of resistance we shall increase the shear area by increasing the
length by L:

53
 Quiz 1-Fall 2014 (Solution)
Block Shear of the UPN:

Rn = 0.75[0.6FuAnv + UbsFuAnv] = 0.75[(920572.8+20.64909.5L) +

1.0(490)(501.6)]/1000 = Pu = 1100 kN, L = 54 mm, say L = 55 mm = 10 + 315

54