ACCT 504 Case Study 1 (Gordon Construction)

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Case Study 1 (Part A)Analyze the impact of business
transactions on accounts; record (journalize and post)
transactions in the books; construct and use a trial
balance) For Discussion Question 1: Post your
response to the following:
When reviewing a financial report, why should
information be reliable, relevant, consistent, and
comparable?
In other words, why are these accounting
characteristics important?
What kinds of problems could be created if a
financial report is not reliable, relevant, consistent, or
comparable?
It is extremely vital that the company has accurate
financial reporting. This information determines
whether or not to invest in your company's stock. This
information will help them decide if it is profitable to
invest or not to invest in your company based what is
in your financial history. The information must be
relevant because it will help the company, investors
and lenders make decisions. It helps answer questions
like, "how stable is your company", or "what future
does this company have". The information should be
reliable. In other words the information that is reported
must be able to be verified, backed up with truthful
information. Comparable occurs when different
companies use the same accounting principles. This
makes it much easier to compare results between
company's. Consistency happens when the company
uses the same accounting method every year. When
the financial statements are reported each year, it
paints a financial picture of where the company is
headed now and in the future.

What kinds of problems will occur if the information

does not include these things?

Falsified or manipulated statements doesn't only effect

the company but it also to name a few effects the
lenders, creditors, investor's, etc. This will result in the
company not having a faithful representation.

Another response
The main objective of generating financial information
is providing useful information that can be used in
decision-making... only if this information is relevant,
reliable, comparable, and consistent, can it be useful
for decision makers. (Kieso, 2003).
Relevance gives a basis for making decisions that will
impact the future of a business, and it confirms and
corrects expectations from the past. If the information
makes a difference in making decisions, it is relevant.
Reliability means that the information can be depended
on and it can be proven to be free of error, and the
information is factual. The information cannot favor
one set of users over another. CPAs audit financial
statements to ensure reliability.
Comparability is also an important characteristic of
financial reporting... this happens when different
businesses use similar accounting principles, making it
much easier for one to compare companies, and the
method used in a business must be disclosed to the
users of the information to enable the users to convert
the information as accurately as possible.
Consistency simply means that the business uses the
same accounting principles on a yearly basis...
consistently. This helps decision makers analyze a
company's trends. A company can change the
methods used if they can justify the change, showing
that the new method is more useful for analysis. If the
method is changed, it must be disclosed in the notes
that go with the statements to show users a lack of
consistency.
These characteristics are very important to a
business... decisions cannot be made based on
incorrect information, and everyone involved in a
business venture of any kind, whether they be
management, owners, or investors and creditors, as
well as consumers, etc. must be able to rely on the
financial information provided in order to make any
type of decision. Without this information, it is difficult
to imagine any business succeeding, even for a short
time.
Examples of problems that could occur without reliable,
relevant, consistent, or comparable information
includes not being able to get loans or investments;
management could make decisions that cause
irreparable damage to entire operations, consumers
could easily lose faith and cut their ties... the
possibilities are endless for companies that lack these
qualities in their financial reporting.
DQ2
For Discussion Question 2: Post your response to
the following:
How does information from financial reports
influence business decisions?
Why is it important for business managers to
understand the information found on financial reports?

How does information from financial reports influence

business decisions?

Once the information from the financial reports have

been posted then a team will review the
company's financial history to see what decision were
profitable or not. The decisions that were made
previous to the financial reports being posted will show
which way the company needs to go to continue to
remain #1.

Why is it important for business managers to

understand the information found on financial reports?

IT is extremely important for he business managers to

understand the information found on the financial
reports. The business managers are going to be the
people that are going to make decisions for the
company. They need to know how to interpret the
financial reports and come up with different strategies
that will continue to make the company money.
Another response
The information from financial reports influences
business decisions because it shows where the
company stands. The managers use the information
from the financial report compared to the current year
from the previous year, whether the company growths
or losses. It is very important for business managers to
understand the information found on financial reports
because the information from the financial reports
enables business managers to see how to improve and
keep the business afloat. It also gives business
managers an insight what came in and went out and
the total operating cost of the company as well as
cutting cost in a certain areas. The information from
the financial reports helps the manager manages the
business accurately.
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ACCT 504 Case Study 2 (Williams Oil)

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Case study (Learning Objectives 2, 4: Explain the
components of internal control; evaluate internal
controls) Each of the following situations reveals an
internal control weakness: Situation a. In evaluating the
internal control over inventory for the Williams Oil
Services Company,
Internal Cash Control
By
Kamilah Crooms
Accounting 220
Jess Stern

Internal Cash Control

The accounting department receives from sales

invoices once a month. Most of the information
is missing on the invoices.

The accounting department relies on each department

within the company and all the information has to be
submitted completely and in a timely matter. In this
scenario most of the information that has been turned
in has information that is missing on the invoices. I
would say that the internal controls that are not being
followed are Documentation procedures. Company
documentation is very important and must be turned in
complete. These documents show proof of delivery or
proof of services to the customer. Any incomplete
documents can be very costly and can cause a delay in
the company being paid for any services rendered. For
example, one of the requirements in a transportation
department is to make sure that the drivers verify the
load and sign for the load prior to leaving the yard,
these documents says that the load left in good
condition. Well, it so happened that we allowed a driver
to leave without signing the paperwork. This caused a
delay in accounting because we had to get signatures
from the driver and the customer which took a month
later to complete.
Rob, Sue, and Bob use the same cash register at
the donut shop.

Rob, Sue, and Bob all use one register has often turned
into not the best decision ideally for the company. It
can increase the risk for the drawer being short and it
will be hard for the company to find out which
employee or employees had shorted the register. The
internal controls that are not being followed are
Establishment of responsibility. Happens when the
company assigns one person to be in control of a
specific job or have authority to make decisions (pg
161 Internal Control and Cash). When the company
signs one person to be responsible over the register it
will allow the company to hold that one person
responsible for any shortages.
Sam does the ordering of materials at the
beginning of every month and pays the bill.
In this case Sam is ordering materials and paying all
the bills. This process is actually known as related
activities (pg 162 Internal Control and Cash). This
occurs when one person is doing two different
responsibilities just like Sam. The internal Control that
is not being applied is Segregation of Duties. It is better
for the two to be a separate responsibility because it
will minimize the billing errors.
Bank reconciliations are done by the person who
is responsible for all cash responsibilities.

The problem with this scenario is that the same person

is responsible for all cash responsibilities, why is this
person doing the only one that does this job? Having
one person take on such a major responsibility
increases the chances of embezzlement and thief. The
internal control that is not being applied is rotating
employees duties and requiring employees to take
vacations. One person should not be completely in
control of one job, the company should encourage
vacations or switching positions to prevent incorrect
handling of the companys valuable information.

New checks came in and are left on the shelf

with other supplies.

This is a tough scenario because there are all sorts of

internal controls that are not being used in this case. I
would say in my opinion that the first internal control
that comes to my mind that is not being applied is
bonding of employees who handle cash.
Every employee that works near or with expensive
equipment should be held reliable or responsible for
the companys assets. Bonding of employees who
handle cash protects the company by insuring that the
employee is or isnt a risky applicant (background
checks) or reassuring that the employee that they will
be prosecuted to the fullest extinct if they are found
guilty of thief. For example, I had worked at Mc
Donalds and

there were my shift managers and one employee that

were caught with stealing money from the company.
This situation had happen very differently. The armor
truck dropped off a deposit that belonged to another
company (armors mistake) but they signed it. Those
employees thought that nothing was going to be traced
back to them but the little did they know, all evidence
traced back to them. They each received jail time, and
felony records.
Everyone has access to the computer system and
the last audit was seven years ago by the former
accountant

This scenario has two things that are going on at the

same time. I will first start off with the computer
system and how everyone has access to the computer.
The internal control that is not being applied is
Physical, Mechanical, and Electronic Controls. This
allows the company to control assets through physical
or electronic based systems or programs. It is
extremely important for a company to invest in
computer or informational protection for the company
and for their employees. Todays technology age most
companies are investing in a computerized program.
This will help protect from internal errors and external
protection. For example, all companies invest in a virus
protection this will ensure that the companys
information is protected and not in the wrong hands.

Invest idle cash

Invest idle cash occurs when any excess funds or cash
needs to be invested. The money should be highly
invest and risk free. For example, a major company
should make investments with their assets into
profitably investments and risk free.
Plan the timing of major expenditures
This is when a company sets aside money for major
cash needs. We live in a world that things happen daily.
A good company would set aside emergency funds. For
example, during a terrible thunderstorm, the winds
practically ripped off the roofing shingles off a
commercial business. The company will be able to use
the money for emergency.
Delay payment of liabilities
Delay payment of liabilities is when a company pays
bills not too soon and not late. This allows the company
to have money available for bills that that really need
to be paid allowing excess funds to be free for other
uses.
Keep inventory levels low
This occurs when the company keeps the inventory low
so that it will bring in more profits. For example, if the
managers at a fast-food over plan and fix too many
hamburgers and the customers dont buy it, then the
food will go bad and the company will lose profit.

Increase the speed of collection on receivables

This occurs when money is owed to the company, the
company cannot claim these until the funds have been
received. Some companies offer incentives to
encourage customers to pay early or on time. For
example, my job encourages their customers by letting
them know that there will be a price increase on or
after a certain date and this really works because the
customers want to pay at a lower price.

References:

http:yourdictionary.com /accounting_statements.org
Retrieved 2/13/2010
Thomas, Y. 2005-08-27 Accounting 101 pg. 52
Statements
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ACCT 504 Case Study 3 (Wang Appliance Store)

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Construct and use a cash budget) Nathan Farmer, chief
financial officer of Wang Appliance Store, is responsible
for the company?s budgeting process. Farmer?s staff is
preparing the Wang cash budget for 2014. Axia College
Material
Appendix B

Cash Management Matrix

Directions: Using the matrix, list how each of the

principles of internal control works, and give an
example for each. Next, list how each of the principles
of cash management works, and give an example for
each.

Principles of Internal How it Works Example

Control
Establishment of Happens when the My job, O
responsibility company assigns one departme
person to be in only one
control of a specific waive a r
job or have authority fee. It all
to make decisions. Sales tea
control o
customer
Segregation of duties This is when the A church-
company has more people w
than one person to offering a
control a task or job have som
writes do
in what w
Documentation Evidence or proof of My job w
procedures all company shingles
transactions customer
make the
prior to le
we make
customer
Proof Of
form
Physical, mechanical, Allows the company Our job h
and electronic controls to control assets called Cis
through physical or tracks th
electronic based breaks an
systems or programs. Also, mon
long the
been read
working.
Physical
would be
guard, th
identifica
entry.
Independent internal Any information that can My job ha
verification be reviewed , compare, tracking
and reconciliation by a and when
employee says that
shorted o
 we can g
track the
and comp
numbers
system a
count to
the numb
incorrect
Other controls Bonding of Our comp
employees, company girl just r
protects against because
abuse of assets. the comp
business
personal
not work

Principles of Cash How it Works Example

Management
Invest idle cash Occurs when any My father
excess funds or cash makes wi
needs to be invested, investme
turns aro
favor
Plan the timing of A company wants to During th
major expenditures make sure that there profits dr
is money set aside for than expe
major cash needs some com
pulled fro
funds
Delay payment of When a company pays Ok, when
liabilities the bills at an tough at
appropriate time not bills are d
 late and not too soon. organize
which bill
be paid th
because i
bills too e
cut off my
funds tha
used for s
else
Keep inventory levels Happens when a Sees Cho
low company keeps the factory ha
inventory low so that sure that
it will continue to over prod
bring profit making to
else the s
company
money
Increase the speed of Money that is owe to When a c
collection on the company by other places a o
receivables people or customers product a
is money that can not paid yet,
be counted towards can not c
the companies funds money as
it is recei

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ACCT 504 Course Project Analysis of Nike, Inc. and Under

Armour, Inc.

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Course Project: A Financial Statement Analysis A
Comparative Analysis of Nike, Inc. and Under Armour,
Inc. Below is the link for the financial statements for
Nike, Inc. for the fiscal year ending Income statement is
a financial statement that shows how much money is
coming from product sales and services prior to any
expenses being taken out. Both internal and external
users such as managers and investors are able to
access this. For example, if a investor wanted to see if
the company made money or lost money they would
use this financial statement report.
Balance sheet shows what condition the company is
currently in. whereas the other financial statements
only came monthly or annually. For example, what if
the management planning team wanted to see the
company's current assets, ownership equity and
liabilities? All they have to do is run the balance sheet
report.
CVP income statement or Cost Volume statement
reports or monitors the effects of the changes in cost
and volume when it comes to the company profits. For
example, I work at a manufacturing plant for roofing
shingles. The CVP analyst studies the cost which
includes but not limited too, manufacturing, material,
labor cost. This financial statement report would help
the management team budget the cost of
manufacturing goods.
Statement of cash flow tracks the movement of cash
coming in or out of the business. This financial
statement will show if the company made cash or not,
or if the net income increased or decreased. For
example, the owner or the management department
will use this to determine if the company has earned
enough money to be able to for any expenses.
Retained earnings statements is a percentage that is
kept by the company to be reinvested or to be used to
pay debts. For example, if a company was looking to
expand their business by purchasing top of the line
equipment they can use this statement to see how
much money the company has put away.

References:

http://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/retainedearnings.asphttp://fin
ancial- Retrieved 2/18/2010

statements.suite101.com/article.cfm/financial_stateme
nts_the_p_l. Retrieved 2/18/2010
--------------------------------------------

ACCT 504 Course Project Oracle and Microsoft Corporation

(Devry)

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Course Project

Financial Statement Analysis Project -- A Comparative Analysis of

Oracle Corporation and Microsoft Corporation

Here is the link for the financial statements for Oracle Corporation
Discussion Question 1: Post your response to the following:
 How would you describe the difference between financial and
managerial accounting? What are the distinguishing features of
managerial accounting?
There are many differences between financial and managerial
accounting. The financial accounting statements are available to
external users such as employees, stockholders, creditors, investors,
etc. This is available to them so that they can monitor the company's
performances quarterly or annually. Managerial accounting provides
financial information for managers and other internal people or
department. Managerial accounting is confidential so it is only
observed by internal users such as management, owner, and will
provided to external users such as the public. Management uses this
for budgeting purposes or to monitor profit loss/gain within the
company. Managerial accounting can be available to them as often as
needed. Managerial accounting statements is a great way for
management to make decisions based on what has been reported.
Another response
The differences between managerial accounting and financial
accounting are distinct. Managerial accounting reports are for those
in managerial and decision making positions. The managers use the
financial report to answer questions, which would advance the
company and its employees. The manager would want to know if
certain investments should be made and should the company advance
an employee's salary. The manager needs the report to decide if a
factory is built or if a certain stock is brought. The financial
accountant has the job of showing the external users such as creditors
and stockholders a picture of the company's stability.

The manager's purpose is to manage by making stable plans, delegate

duties, motivate the workers, and control the atmosphere.
Distinguishing features of managerial accounting are the fact no cpa
will audit the report, and there is no specific frequency of the report.
The reports are done in a need to know basis and for a specific
reason, which is for business purposes. The reports are detailed and
pertain to specific business decisions. The financial accountant need
only be concerned with the company's finances.

DQ2
Discussion Question 2: Post your response to the following:
Select a management function (planning, directing and
motivating, or controlling) and explain how that function relates to
business as a whole. Next, select a different function listed by a
classmate. Discuss with your classmate how the functions you each
selected complement each other.
The management functions that I choose was controlling.
Controlling job is to make sure that the each
department/person is keeping the company's activities or plans on
track and in order to achieve that they must work closely with
Management planning function. Controlling continually compares the
company's performance to make sure that the planned standards
are being met. In my opinion this is known as the "dirty work".
Controlling operations have to know what to look for and how to keep
track of all the company's activities. They have to take actions and
quickly correct any errors and make sure that the company goals are
being achieved in a timely matter or the time that it was planned. If
there are errors it is job of the controlling operations to take quick
action. The controlling operations not only correct errors after it
happens but they also are in charge of foreseeing any potential errors
and act quickly to get that resolved.

Another response
I chose Controlling as part of the management function. The
controlling function relates to business as a whole because it helps
monitoring the firms performance to make sure the planned goals are
being met. Managers need to pay attention to costs versus
performance of the organization. let say, if the company has a goal of
increasing sales by 10% over the next two months, the manager may
check the progress toward the goal at the end of month one. If they
are not reaching the goal the manager must decide what changes are
needed to get back on track.

--------------------------------------------

ACCT 504 Entire Course (Devry)

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ACCT 504 Week 1-7 All Discussion Questions

ACCT 504 Week 3 Case Study 1 Flower Landscaping Corporation

Cost, Volume, and Profit Formulas

By

Kamilah Crooms

Due February 28, 2010

Explain the components of cost-volume-profit analysis.

The components of cost volume-profit analysis consist of Level or

volume of activity, Unit Selling Price, Variable Cost per unit, total
fixed costs, and Sales mix.

What does each of the components mean?

Level or volume of activity is the activity that causes change or

behavior when it comes to the cost. Unit selling Price is the cost for
the product basically how much each unit is selling for. The Variable
Cost per unit is something that can change depending on the activity.
The total fixed cost does stay the same as activities change but differ
per unit. The Sales mix is basically what the name says. Its a mixture
of sale items when more than one product sold the sales will remain
the consistent.

Based on the formulas you have reviewed, what happens to

contribution margin per unit when unit selling prices increase?
Contribution margin is the amount of revenue left over after
subtracting the variable cost. So basically Unit sales price
subtracting or minus variable cost.

Illustrate your explanation with an example from a fictitious

company of how an increase in unit selling prices might affect
contribution margin.

Kellys Sweetheart Flowers

The owner of Kellys Sweetheart Flowers is selling their bouquet of

flowers for $10 per unit. The Variable Cost per unit is $4.00. The
contribution margin will be ($10-$4) = $6. If the sells price
increases to say $15, then the contribution margin will be ($15-$6)
= $9 per unit.

When fixed costs decrease, what does this do for sales? Illustrate
your explanation with an example from a fictitious company.

Kellys Sweetheart Flowers

When the fixed cost decreases, the contribution margin ratio the net
income and sales will increase.

For example,
The flowers are $10 per unit. The variable cost per unit is $4.00.
The contribution margin will be ($10-$4) = $6. The fixed cost is $3.
We subtract Contribution margin Fixed Cost= Net income. The
net income is $3.00.
Define contribution ratios
The contribution margin ratio is the contribution margin per unit
margin divided by the unit selling price.

What happens to contribution ratios as one of the components

changes?

Shown in the example above, if one or more of the components

changes is will cause the net income to increase or decrease.
Reference

statements.suite101.com/article.cfm/cost_volume_profits*the_p_l.
Retrieved 2/28/2010
//http:yourdictionary.com /CVP.org Retrieved 2/26/2010

Thomas, Y. 2005-08-27 Accounting 101 pg. 52 Statements

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ACCT 504 Final Exam (3 different finals) (Devry)

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1. (TCO A) Which one of the following is an advantage of
corporations relative to partnerships and sole proprietorships?
(Points : 5)

7 How should mixed costs be classified in CVP analysis? What

approach is used to effect the appropriate classification?
According to our class materials all mixed cost must be classified into
their fixed and variable and variable elements. The method that can
be used to determine is called the high/low method. To determine the
variable cost the analysis takes the total cost and divide it with the
low activity level. To get the fixed cost then the company would have
to subtract the total variable with either the high or low activity level.
9. Cost volume profit CVP analysis is based entirely on unit costs. Do
you agree? Explain.
In my opinion when it comes to making financial decisions for the
company, often times more than one method is used. Cost volume
profit is also based on Volume or level activities, unit selling prices,
variable cost per unit, total fixed and sales mix.
14. You can find the break point in dollars by drawing a horizontal
line to the vertical axis. I you want to find the break even point in
units it will be a vertical line from the break even point to the
horizontal axis.

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ACCT 504 Midterm Exam (4 Sets, 2017)

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This Tutorial contains 4 Set of Midterm Exam 1. Question :
(TCOs A and E) Your friend, Ellen, has hired you to evaluate
the following internal control procedures. Explain to your friend
whether each of the numbered items below is an internal
control strength or weakness Axia College Material
Appendix C

Budgets Matrix

Directions: Using the matrix, define each of the budgets listed and briefly describe its uses.

Budget Definition Desc

Sales budget Estimate of the expected sales for The sales budg
the period. All of the other budgets units. This will
depend on the sales budget. This is see how many
where all the other budgets will produced for th
start from

Production budget A production of units needed to be Shows manage

produced in order to meet the will be produce
projected sales period and wha
to fulfill invent

Direct materials budget Is the estimated quantity or cost of Shows manage

the raw materials that is needed in materials that
order to produce the units required and or that nee
to fulfill inventory meet inventory

Direct labor budget A estimate of cost and quantity of Shows how ma

direct labor needed in order to laborers neede
meet production units for that b
Management w
be the right am
needed and if t
able to meet th

Manufacturing overhead budget An estimated expected amount of This list all ove
manufacturing cost for the budget cash disbursem
period

Selling and administrative expense budget Anticipated selling and Shows area of
administrative expenses in the are not listed o
budget period manufacturing.
marketing, pro
the budget per

Budgeted income statement Estimate of expected profitability of Is a very impor

operations in a budget period shows the com
 for the budget

Cash budget A projection of expected cash flows Cash budget he

in and out of the business. keep a tally or
balances.

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ACCT 504 Week 1-7 All Discussion Questions (Devry)

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Week 1DQ 1 - Financial Reporting Environment and GAAP

Week 1DQ 2 - Details of Financial Statements and Ratios

Week 2DQ 1 - Accounting EquationAccounting Cycle

Week 2DQ 2 - Accrual Accounting and Adjusting Entries

Week 3DQ 1 - Merchandising Operations and Income Statements

Discussion Question 1: Post your response to the following:

You know how important it is to create budgets for your
household. How does budgeting help management make good
business decisions?
Budgeting is a very important skill that can be applied to everyday
life and also when it comes to making good business decisions. I
really like the way our class resources says about Budgeting.
Budgeting is used as a planning tool used by management to make
good decision for the company. If a company is successful than more
than likely that means that the management team is very good at
managing the company finances. Budgeting helps management plan
ahead, defines what is most important, shows warning signs, reach a
company target without over or under budgeting and etc.
Another response
In a business, a budget helps a business make good decisions because
they are used by the company to plan for future events and coordinate
the events and duties in the company. They also gives objectives used
to evaluate the performance of the company on each level which can
help to make future decisions that will not hurt the company based on
the projected objectives. It can also be used to alert the company of
possible problems or negative trends in the company that need to be
addressed so that there is a clear picture of the overall health of the
company before decisions are made. The budget helps the company to
be able to make an informed decision when making one. It is there in
order to make sure that making a decision like taking on another
company will not hurt the company and is something that the
compnay can sustain based on the budget.

DQ2
Discussion Question 2: Post your response to the following:
What are some of the different types of budgets?

Describe in detail one type of budget covered in the text.

Describe what the budget is used for and what information it

provides a business.

Then, as you respond to your classmates, discuss how the

budget you described relates to the budgets they described.

Discuss how a business benefits from each of the budgets.

There are many different types of budgetting. For example, there sales
budget which allows management to see how many units that need to
be produced, production budget which will allows everyone to see
how many units are going to be produced in or needed to be produced
in order to meet the inventory for that budget period. One budget that
I can describe in detail is called the direct labor budget and this
budget shows how many people, hours is needed in order to meet the
required budget for that period. This will give management an idea of
how much money is needed such as paying the cost of labor. The
company benefits by each of these budgets because it will help
manage just how much money it will cost the company during this
period. Management can also see if there are different ways to cost
the company out of pocket cost down during this period.

Another response
I chose to write about the Production Budget. The Production Budget
shows the cost of each unit needed to produce an item or manufacture
a product. The formula used by the Production Budget :

Budget sales units + Desired ending finished goods units - Beginning

finished goods units = Required production units.

An example would be, every Easter the bakeries in the Bronx loads up
on Hot Cross Buns. My mother and grandmother would buy these
tasty sweet breads,and eat them for breakfast. I personally would like
to eat them every week but, they are only sold during the Easter
season. Maybe, it has something to do with the glazed cross on the
top.

Every Easter Holiday, there appears these Hot Cross Buns and the
bakeries production department allows for the purchases for items
needed to make the buns. After Easter has gone, Hot Cross Buns are
not included in the budget.
--------------------------------------------

ACCT 504 Week 2 Homework (E2-17A, E2-18A, E3-22A,

E3-23A)
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This Tutorial contains Excel Files which can be used to
solve for any values (your Question may have different
company name or values, but that can be solved using
Excel file) E2-17A Dr Anna Grayson opened a medical
practice specializing in physical therapy. What is a
Flexible budget?
A Flexible budget is a budget that change or is
flexible during different levels or activity. Unlike the
static budget which is a budget based on one activity
level, the flexible budget is based off of more than one
activity level.

The steps to development a flexible budget is :

a) Identify the activity index, and the range of
activity
b) Find out what the variable cost, and determine
the variable cost per unit
c) Find out what the fixed cost and determine the
budgeted amount for each unit
d) Organize the budget for selected additional
activity within the appropriate range

The information found on a flexible budget

cannot begin with the master budget. The flexible
budget uses the same guidelines the original budget.
The budget consists of Sales, Cost of Goods Sold,
Selling Expenses, General and Administrative
Expenses, Income Taxes, and finally the Net Income.
The information on the budget is a great tool to
be used for evaluation performances. The flexible
budget can be used for monthly comparison purposes.
Also during the process that management is identifying
the activity index and the range of activity it will allow
them to see the cost of direct labor hours for that
budget period.
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ACCT 504 Week 3 Case Study 1 (Melvin Plumbing
Corporation) **New**

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MAKE SURE TO COMPLETE ALL REQUIREMENTS WHICH
ARE LISTED BELOW. There are 10 sheets in the
Workbook, including this one. All of the information
that you need for the project is located in this
Workbook. Requirement #1 Capstone Discussion
Question: Post your response to the following:
Think back over what you have studied and
learned in this course. Do you have a new perception of
or appreciation for the field of accounting and how it
contributes to business? Explain.
To be perfectly honest with you I truly had no clue what
accounting did for a company and how important it
was. I always thought that accounting only dealt with
payroll. In fact accounting does much more that just
payroll and monitor company supplies (coffee, paper,
pens & pencils). The accounting sets budgets for the
entire company, monitors outflow and inflow of profits,
plans budgets for each department, and much more.
When I first begun this class I was really nervous, I truly
thought that I was going to have a hard time
understanding the accounting but I happy to say that I
was wrong. I understood every part of this course.

On a personal note I would like to thank you Jess. If it

wasn't for your pep talk I probably would had gave
up. You are truly a great instructor. I wish you all the
best! God Bless

Another response
Accounting has taken a whole new meaning to me in
my vocabulary. Prior to this course, I just took
accounting as a calculator and crunching numbers. I
now have a new respect for accounting and all the
aspects that are involved. I never once took into
consideration profit, sales, revenue, and balance
sheets also being included with accounting. There is so
much more involved with accounting, and had I not
taken this course I would have never known.
Accounting is a very important part of running a
business. I feel that it is imperative to all people
thinking of opening a business should take some type
of accounting class to become more aware of how to
run the accounting part of a business.
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ACCT 504 Week 3 Case Study 1 Flower Landscaping
Corporation (Devry)
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The Entire Case Study is due Sunday at Midnight Mountain time at
the end of Week 3.
This Case Study is worth 100 points or 10% of your final course
grade.

Business Plan

By

Kamilah T. Crooms
 DestinyWear

The name of my business is called DestinyWear. DestinyWear is

a urban fashion clothing company for woman, men and youth.
DestinyWear specializes in making clothing for every occasion. My
name is Kamilah Crooms and I am the owner and CEO of
DestinyWear.My goal is to ensure that my company will be succesfull
in all areas and in each department. In order for me to make sure that
the company was going to begin in the right direction I had to
priortize what was most important in establishing my business plan.
The main priority is that I had to first choose the appropriate
business structure, a high demanding product, and most of all an
outstanding accounting team.

Business Structure
Upon establishing DestinyWear I had to decide which business
struture that I felt was best for me to pursue. I decided that as a
Entreprenuer the best choice for me abd the direction of the company
would be for me to be sole proprietorship. Sole proprietorship
allowed me to be the sole owner of DestinyWear. The first and most
important reason that I wanted sole proprietorship is because it is
much easier to start a business as sole proprietorships. Sole
proprietorship takes all the profit that and doesn't have to split it
between any other owners or corporations. I also want the power to
make and change decisions along the way without having to first
consult anyone else.

DestinyWear Products
DestinyWear products will range from jeans, shirts, accessories and
shoes. The company will first start off with its most profitable product
and that will be the DestinyWear designer jeans line. The jeans line
has over twenty different jeans designs

from straight leg, baggy, cargo, overalls, shorts and much more. The
jeans line will provide services within the United States and Canada
and will eventually service International customers. The DestinyWear
jeans line will have its own building. In this building the bottom floor
will consist of the factory and the top floor will have the different
departments such as management, marketing and most importantly
the accounting department.

DestinyWear Accounting Department

The accounting plays a major role in establishing my company
DestinyWear. The accounting department does more than managing
and reporting the companys financial documents it is the greatest
tool in establishing my business. The key to a powerful accounting
department here at DestinyWear is applying the principles of internal
control. These principles consist of establishment of responsibilities,
segregation of responsibilities, documentation procedures, Physical,
mechanical, and electronic controls, Independent internal verification
and other controls such as Bonding of employees. In order to ensure
that this business plan works DestinyWear has to hire nothing but the
best qualified employees.

DestinyWear Accounting Staff

DestinyWear accounting team of fine employees will all be hired
through the company. There are several requirements that have to be
met in order for myself as the owner and Human Resource
department to even consider the applicant for accounting. We looked
for characteristics, education and work history experience. The first
and far most important qualifying requirements are education. The
applicant has to have a Bachelor BA/BS in accounting degree a plus
if he or she has a masters.
The second requirement is experience. The applicant must have the
minimum of five years of experience working in accounting. He or
She must have knowledge and employment experience of working
with financial statements, cash management and internal control.
Employees must be experienced in Invest idle cash, planning the
timing of major expenditures, delay payment of liabilities keeping
inventory levels low, and increasing the speed of collection on
receivables. In the category of experience we had to hire applicants
according to the position that had to be filled in accounting. For
example, if a position in accounting such as management or
supervisory needed to be filled, then we would look for years of
experience in management or supervisory positions. I personally
prefer that every employee have some type of management
experience.
Last but not least, the employees characteristics. It is a must that
every accounting staff member has and applies professionalism, great
ethic and moral skills, accuracy, and most importantly punctuality,
and reaching company deadlines. These characteristics are very
important to have at DestinyWear.
DestinyWear Accounting Management Team
The DestinyWear accounting management team will be
reporting to me and to the other head staff each week to report
updates and any new changes. The management team is responsible
to have all the different types of budgeting reports that includes Sales,
Labor, etc. Management must follow the responsibility reporting
system for each department. The managers will use the companys
financial information to predict outcomes of the business. I require a
report from each responsibility center, cost center, profit center and
investment center to be reported each month. Management is
responsible to ensure that the company does not over or under budget
and if any changes it must be reported immediately.
Conclusion
DestinyWear will be a very successful team not only because of
the products that we produce but because of having a great
accounting team. With the help of accounting team I DestinyWear
products will be in every wardrobe in America.

REFERENCES
//http:yourdictionary.com /CVP.org Retrieved 3/20/2010
Thomas, Y. 2005-08-27 Accounting 101 pg. 52 Statements.
March 19, 2010
Drucker, P. Managing in the next society 2002. retrieved march
19,2010
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ACCT 504 Week 3 Quiz
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Q -1 Other comprehensive income A. includes
extraordinary gains and losses. B. affects earnings per
share. C. includes unrealized gains and losses on
available-for-sale investments

Costco Wholesale Corporation

If we look at the financial statements of the company
we can find that the company is financially strong. Its
strength are:
1. It has enough amount of current asset to repay its
current liability. The current ratio of the company
8.18 indicates that the company has $8.18 liquid
asset to repay its $1 of current liability.
2. The operating cost of the company is increasing
because the company is able to reduce its
expenses.
3. Cash from operating activity has increased for the
company.
Apart from this strength the company also has some
weakness in its financial statement:
(i) Increasing inventory indicates that the company
inventory conversion period is increasing.
(ii) The cash from investing activity shows that the
company cash outflow is more in the short term
investment i.e. in non operating activity.
(iii) The overall has for the year 2008 has declined
for the company.
Net Income:
 Net Income
$1,300,000
$1,250,000

$1,200,000

$1,150,000 Net Income

$1,100,000

$1,050,000

$1,000,000

$950,000
2006 2007 2008

If we look at the trend in net income of the company

we can find that the company net income looks
fluctuating but it has improved it net income in 2008 as
compared to 2007.
Debt ratio as a percentage of total assets:

Debt ratio as percent of total asset

55.80%
55.70%
55.60%
55.50% Debt ratio as percent
55.40% of total asset
55.30%
55.20%
55.10%
55.00%
54.90%
2007 2008

If we look at the debt ratio as percent of total asset we

can find that the debt ratio is declining in 2008 as
compared to 2007 i.e. the company is increasing equity
to finance debt.
Debt as a percentage of total equity:
 Debt as percent of total equity
127.00%
126.50%
126.00%
125.50% Debt as percent of
125.00% total equity
124.50%
124.00%
123.50%
123.00%
122.50%
2007 2008

As we can see that the debt as percent of total equity

is declining in 2008 as compared to 2007 i.e. the
company is increasing equity in its capital structure.
As we can see that there is nothing negative in 2008
for the company and this is the reason it has positive
trend as compared to 2007. Hence there is no need to
correct anything for the company.
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ACCT 504 Week 4 Quiz

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Q -1 Anderson Company had the following information
in 20142014. Accounts receivable 12/31/14. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $14,000 Allowance for
uncollectible account 12/31/14 (before Week 1 DQ 1
Due Tuesday, Day 2

Go to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commissions

Web site at http://www.sec.gov and the Financial
Accounting Standards Boards Web site
athttp://www.fasb.org. Identify the mission and main
activities of each organization. Then, analyze the
similarities and differences between the roles of each
entity. Which entity has more influence over financial
statement reporting? Explain your answer.
According to the SEC website their mission is to protect
investors, maintain fair, orderly, and efficient markets,
and facilitate capital formation. The SEC also requires
public companies to disclose meaningful financial and
other information to the public. This provides a
common pool of knowledge for all investors to use to
judge for themselves whether to buy, sell, or hold a
particular security. The SEC is concerned primarily with
promoting the disclosure of important market-related
information, maintaining fair dealing, and protecting
against fraud.

According to the FASB website the mission of the FASB

is to establish and improve standards of financial
accounting and reporting that foster financial reporting
by nongovernmental entities that provides decision-
useful information to investors and other users of
financial reports. Since 1973, the Financial Accounting
Standards Board (FASB) has been the designated
organization in the private sector for establishing
standards of financial accounting that govern the
preparation of financial reports by nongovernmental
entities

The major difference in the SEC and the FASB is that

the SEC deals with reporting of financial statements for
all industries while the FASB deals mainly with the
private nongovernmental entities. Both are concerned
with the fairness of financial reports and work in the
interest of the public. I believe that the SEC has more
influence over financial statement reporting because
they can bring civil action against companies and
individuals for violations of securities laws. Although
according to the FASB website, the Commissions
policy has been to rely on the private sector for this
function to the extent that the private sector
demonstrates ability to fulfill the responsibility in the
public interest.

Response 2
Go to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commissions
Web site at http://www.sec.gov and the Financial
Accounting Standards Boards Web site
athttp://www.fasb.org. Identify the mission and main
activities of each organization. Then, analyze the
similarities and differences between the roles of each
entity. Which entity has more influence over financial
statement reporting? Explain your answer.
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
According to the SECs website The mission of the
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission is to protect
investors, maintain fair, orderly, and efficient markets,
and facilitate capital formation(U.S. Securities and
Exchange Commission, 2010, Para. 1).
The main activities of the SEC are to interpret
federal securities laws; issue new rules and amend
existing rules; oversee the inspection of securities
firms, brokers, investment advisers, and ratings
agencies; oversee private regulatory organizations in
the securities, accounting, and auditing fields; and
coordinate U.S. securities regulation with federal, state,
and foreign authorities. (U.S. Securities and Exchange
Commission, 2010)
Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB)
According to the FASBs website The mission of the
FASB is to establish and improve standards of financial
accounting and reporting that foster financial reporting
by nongovernmental entities that provides decision-
useful information to investors and other users of
financial reports. That mission is accomplished through
a comprehensive and independent process that
encourages broad participation, objectively considers
all stakeholder views, and is subject to oversight by the
Financial Accounting Foundations Board of Trustees
(Financial Accounting Standards Board, n.d., Para. 3).
The main activities of the FASB are to identify
financial reporting issues based on
requests/recommendations from stakeholders or
through other means. The FASB Chairman decides
whether to add a project to the technical agenda, after
consultation with FASB Members and others as
appropriate, and subject to oversight by the
Foundation's Board of Trustees. The Board deliberates
at one or more public meetings the various reporting
issues identified and analyzed by the staff. The Board
issues an Exposure Draft to solicit broad stakeholder
input. (In some projects, the Board may issue a
Discussion Paper to obtain input in the early stages of a
project) The Board holds a public roundtable meeting
on the Exposure Draft, if necessary. The staff analyzes
comment letters, public roundtable discussion, and any
other information obtained through due process
activities. The Board redeliberates the proposed
provisions, carefully considering the stakeholder input
received, at one or more public meetings. The Board
issues an Accounting Standards Update describing
amendments to the Accounting Standards Codification
(Financial Accounting Standards Board, n.d.).
Both the SEC and the FASB have the same goals of
fairness, accuracy, and understandability of financial
accounting and reporting. Both agenecys accomplish
these goals in the best interest of the overall public.
The differences between the SEC and the FASB is that
the FASB regulates financial reporting in the private
sector of businesses (but are subject to the rules and
regulations of the SEC) and the SEC deals with
regulating the financial reporting of publicly held
corporations.
I believe that the SEC has the greatest influence over
financial statements reporting because they have the
final approval on all changes of the rules and
regulations. The Sec can also bring civil or
administrative enforcement actions against individuals
and companies in violation of the securities laws.

References
Financial Accounting Standards Board. (n.d.). Facts
about FASB. Retrieved July 15, 2010, from Financial
Accounting Standards
Board:http://www.fasb.org/facts/index.shtml#mission
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. (2010, May
3). The Investors Advocate: How the SEC Protects
Investors, Maintains Market Integrity, and Facilitates
Capital Formation. Retrieved July 15, 2010, from U.S.
Securities and Exchange
Commission: http://www.sec.gov/about/whatwedo.shtml

Week 1 DQ 2
Due Thursday, Day 4
Search the Internet or the Online Library for
information about the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. A useful
guide to some of these provisions is located
at http://www.soxlaw.com. Summarize at least two
provisions of the law, and discuss your interpretation of
these provisions with your classmates. Do you think
this law will make financial statements more reliable?
Also, discuss how Sarbanes-Oxley establishes
boundaries to ensure ethical practices. What does the
law allow or prohibit, and why?

The Sarbanes-Oxley act has many provisions to give

companies guidelines for responsible, and ethical
financial reporting. One of those provisions is listed in
Section 302 of the act. The provision is that periodic
statutory financial reports be certified that signing
officers have reviewed the reports, the report does not
contain any untrue, or misleading information. The
financial statements fairly present the financial
condition. The signing officers are responsible for
internal controls. A list of all deficiencies in internal
controls, and a list of fraud involving employees, and
anything that could negatively affect the internal
controls.
Another provision pertains to the "management
assessment of internal controls". This provision
ensures that information is published in annual reports
regarding the adequacy of internal controls, structure
and procedures.
The Sarbanes-Oxley act is designed to help companies
promote ethical accounting procedures. The act gives
guidelines as to how financial statements are
reported. The act requires verification that officers
within the company have checked the information in
the reports for accuracy and true. The act also
requires that the companies have internal controls in
place to ensure ethical reporting practices. The main
thing that the Sarbanes-Oxley promotes is
transparency in reporting.

Response 2
Section 802 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Law defines the
penalties that may be assessed against individuals who
failed to comply with the Act. An individual could be
subject to 20 years in jail for altering, destroying,
mutilating, concealing, falsifying records, documents or
tangible objects. Guilt is define by the intent to impede
a legal investigation. This part of the law gets to the
heart of how Arthur Anderson reacted by destroying
documents important to Worldcom. The law further
defines that any accountant who knowingly violates
their ethics by wilfully violates the requirements of
maintenance of all audit or review papers. These
papers are subject to review up to five years.

The second Section that I reviewed was the Section

302. This actually is my favorite part of the law
because it directly holds the officers and directors
accountable for the accuracy of reporting in their
financial statements. It defines that the management
must review and understand the financial statements
and sign that they are true and accurate. It also holds
the management accountable for the internal controls,
requiring any deficiencies to be reported. In the past
directors of companies relied heavily on the internal
officers, management, to report the company
performance without questioning the accuracy or
taking their role on oversight committees seriously.
They could hide behind a veil of trust of the key
leaders. This Section clearly puts the responsibility for
the Board to remain independent of the executives and
function more effectively on the respective oversight
committees they serve. The example I would share is
what happened in WorldCom. The company leaders
shared what they wanted to with the Board, who
trusted implicitly the top leaders. Had they questioned
their legal representation or auditors, they potentially
could have uncovered the fraud that was committed by
the creation of shell companies, with WorldCom
employees as stockholders.

I would love to think this law would protect the

investing community. Financial reporting has improved
to some extent. Unfortunately the scams still
continue. Example would be Barney Madoff or what
happened in the financial mortgage industry. These
unethical practices were conducted after Sarbanes
Oxley was implemented. Madoff was able to provide
false financial information to investors. Financial
industry was allowed to get to aggressive in
underwriting and product suite. Fines and penalties
are deterrents. Ethics still must be inherent in an
individual and company. Laws and requirements are a
guide. There will never be enough auditors, inspectors
or oversight boards to catch all of the fraud in the
corporate community.

The law prohibits falsifying information, failing to notify

of material changes, and destruction of records.
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ACCT 504 Week 5 Case Study 2 Internal Control - LJB
Company (Devry)

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Case Study 2 - Internal Control- Due by Sunday of week 5

LJB Company, a local distributor, has asked your accounting firm to

evaluate their system of internal controls because they are planning
to go public in the future Lucent Technologies

Axia College of University of Phoenix

Lucent Technologies is a company based on networking for service
providers, government, and enterprises worldwide (Lucent
Technologies, n.d., Para 1). The products and services they work with
are separated into three categories; service and maintenance,
wireless mobility networking, and wire line networking. Lucent
Technologies is backed by Bell Labs, which does research and
development in networking technologies.
During the years of 2001 to 2003 this company has experienced a
decrease in demand because of other companies loss or capital used
toward spending. This is mainly due to a downturn in the economy. As
an investor this information is necessary to know because it explains
the decrease or increase in sections of the balance sheet. In order to
compare the growth or decline of the companys profit, an investor
must change a balance sheet into a common-size balance sheet. First
when looking at the balance sheet an investor will see that the amount
of paid in capital has increased from the year of 2003 to 2004, the
assets have increased, but the liabilities have decreased. When
running a debt/asset ratio it is noticed that this ratio drops from 1.2 in
2003 to 1.0 in 2004. This shows the companys risk is low when
concerning financial leverage, usually when the debt ratio is less than
one percent it is financed mainly by company equity, so this company
is close to being debt free from creditors.
After changing the balance sheet to a common-size balance sheet
there are several factors an investor will look at. The current assets
have dropped to .48 from .49 in 2004. This does not show harm to the
company because only the accounts receivable dropped while the rest
of the current assets increased. This means the company is not in as
much danger of default on money owed to it. It does have a rise in
marketable securities. The one concern in the assets is the increase of
prepaid cost of pensions and goodwill. Goodwill can be used for tax
breaks but prepaid pensions cannot benefit the company.
When looking at the liabilities section an investor will see a drop in
pension and liabilities and an increase in long term debt, both of
these could be affected because of the drop in the economy. Long term
liabilities are often increased to help a company control interest rate
increases so as an investor cutting back on pension liabilities cuts
back cost to the company and watching interest rate increase show
the company is concerned with its earning and investors. This would
be encouraging or an investor. The stockholders deficit shows a drop
in accumulated deficits from -1.43 to -1.22 and total deficits of -.26 to
-.08. This shows the company is working to control any money loss
and turning it to the companys advantage. Overall it shows the
company is still earning a profit although small. With an increase of
assets and a drop in liabilities the company is showing it is working
in a low risk capital.
After reviewing this information, a creditor or investor must be able
to compare this company to the industry totals. By comparing how
this company compares to other companies similar to it, a person can
see if it is competitive and worth taking a risk. Running ratios will
also show if the company is capable of paying off any debts it has or
if it can acquire the needed cash in case of emergencies. Overall as
an investor, I would say this company would be worth investing in.

Reference
Axia College. (2007). Understanding Financial Statements. Retrieved
May 10, 2010 from Axia College, Week 2 Assignment, ACC/230.
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ACCT 504 Week 5 Course Project Draft Spreadsheet (Devry)

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ACCT 504 Week 5 Course Project Draft Spreadsheet (Devry)
Differentiating Depreciation Methods

There is one main difference between straight line depreciation and

accelerated depreciation. Straight line is decided by taking the cost of
the assets, figuring out the salvage cost when the use of the asset is
finished and how many years of use the asset has. A person then takes
the cost minus salvage and divides the remainder by the number of
years of use. This amount is the depreciation expense subtracted each
year from the cost. The accelerated depreciation does not have the
same amount of deprecation subtracted each year. It does have the
cost minus salvage value to figure out the amount to use but is then
divided out differently. A person takes the sum of the years of a
products useful life, such as three years is 3 + 2 + 1 = 6, then a
person would divide the depreciation amount by 3/6 the first year, 2/6
the second and finally 1/6 for the final year. So the amount of
depreciation expense is larger to smaller with accelerated and equal
amounts for straight line.
The advantages of straight line method are it is easier and faster to
figure. The advantage of accelerated method is it is more accurate
when figuring depreciation expense. The accelerated method has an
advantage and disadvantage concerning taxes. A company can use
the accelerated method to take advantage of bigger tax breaks at the
beginning of an assets life, but since this amount drops during the
lifespan if the company needs added tax breaks it will not receive
them from these assets in the future. With the straight line method the
amount of tax breaks are even through the life of the product. Most
companies choose this form of depreciation for reporting purpose on
taxes but will use the accelerated method to figure taxable income.
As mentioned before the advantage of straight line depreciation is it is
easier to figure and uses the same total each year for deduction of
depreciation expense but the disadvantage is that if use for taxable
income and reporting a company does not get a bigger tax break at
the beginning of the assets life when they have just put out the cost for
the item and may need a bigger tax break.
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ACCT 504 Week 5 Homework (E7-15A, E7-19A, E8-20A,
E9-23A, E9-29A)

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The units-of-production method tracks the wear and
tear on the van most closely. Requirement 3. Which
method would Tasteful's prefer to use for income tax
purposes?

Preparing an Income Statement

The companies net income is profitable when the sales
exceed the cost of goods sold. In this, the gross profit is
$761k. This is beneficial to the company. Though we
took the cost of goods away from the net sales there
are still other areas which need to take a piece of the
pie. For this company, once the SG&A and depreciation
are taken out, the company still contains a profit of
$290k. But the buck does not stop there. Once the
interest income and interest expense are adjusted the
balance before earnings and taxes is $290k. After taxes
are taken out, the company is left with a net profit of
$174k.

In this case I think the company has achieved success

with a net profit of $174k. If the company were unable
to be profitable, the company would eventually go out
of business. We would be able to tell if the company
was not profitable by looking at each section
individually. The cost of goods sold is what stands out
for me. If we pay more to make the product then we
are actually selling it for, there is no profit to be made.
So, I think it should all start there.
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ACCT 504 Week 6 Case Study 3 - Cash Budgeting - LBJ
Company (Devry)

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ACCT504 Case Study 3 on Cash Budgeting
The cash budget was covered during Week 4 when we covered TCO D
and you read Chapter Week 3 DQ 1
Due Tuesday, Day 2

Post your answer to Problem 3.5 on p. 109 (Ch. 3). How might the
information contained within the stockholder equity statement be used
for management and investor decision-making? Provide specific
examples of situations in which the stockholder equity information
might be used.

The statement of stockholders equity provides the changes in the

equity accounts during the accounting period more in depth than the
balance sheet. The information found on the statement of
stockholders equity includes retained earnings, common and
preferred stock, and additional paid in capital. Management uses the
statement of stockholders equity to ensure they are reaching their
goal of maximizing shareholder's equity. The use of market ratios
help with the analysis of the statement of stockholders equity, such as
earnings per share, price-to-earnings, dividend payout, and dividend
yield. These ratios will help both management and investors in
analyzing the company. For example, if I were looking to invest in a
companys stocks I would utilize all of the financial ratios, as well as
the market ratios. The earnings per share ratio is calculated before
the price to earnings ratio, P/E, because the earnings per share ratio
is used in the second. If a company pays dividends, the dividend
payout ratio will come in handy. It tells us The percentage
of earnings paid to shareholders in dividends (Investopedia, 2010,
p. 1).
References
Investopedia. (2010). Dividend Payout Ratio. Retrieved August 3,
2010, from
Investopedia:http://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/dividendpayoutrat
io.asp

Response 2
Explain what can be found on a statement of stockholders equity.

The major elements of stockholders' equity include capital stock,

paid-in capital, retained earnings, treasury stock, unrealized loss on
long-term investments, and foreign currency translation gains and
losses.

How might the information contained within the stockholder equity

statement be used for management and investor decision-making?
Provide specific examples of situations in which the stockholder
equity information might be used.
Management may look at the stockholders equity statement retained
earnings section to determine if company should borrow money for
capital investments or finance it through various forms of equity. It
may also be used by the stockholder to evaluate the compensation
paid to the company officers. Investors may also look at the statement
for cumulative net unrealized gains and losses before purchasing
stock in the company. Investors are also interested in the paid in
capital because they can compare it to the additional paid in capital
and the difference between the two values will equal the premium
paid by investors over and above the par value of the shares.

DQ 2
Week 3 DQ 2
Due Thursday, Day 4

Provide an example from the text or the Internet that demonstrates a

situation in which a companys net profits appeared good in the
statements, but the gross or operating profits presented a different
picture. Discuss how this might have occurred. Respond to the
following question, addressed in Problem 3.6 on p. 109 (Ch. 3):
Why is the bottom-line figure, net income, not necessarily a good
indicator of a firms financial success? Look for indicators like
liquidity or solvency to answer this discussion question.

An example that demonstrates the situation is Enron. Enrons

financial statements did not show all the expenses and costs. Instead
of showing them on the income statement they made entries so the
cost and expenses would post in the balance sheet. The same was
done with the revenues. This way it would be less expenses and the
net profit appeared good. Many debts and losses were not reported in
the financial statements. From the third quarter of 2000 through the
third quarter of 2001, the directors fraudulently used reserve
accounts within Enron Wholesale to mask the extent and volatility of
its windfall trading profits, particularly its profits from
theCalifornia energy markets; avoid reporting large losses in other
areas of its business; and preserve the earnings for use in later
quarters. By early 2001, Enron Wholesale's undisclosed reserve
accounts contained over $1 billion in earnings. The head of the
company improperly used hundreds of millions of dollars of these
reserves to ensure that analysts' expectations were met. In addition,
Skilling and others improperly used the reserves to conceal hundreds
of millions of dollars in losses within Enron's EES business unit from
the investing public.This would show the creditors that Enron was
making profits and its position was solid.

The net income is not necessarily a good indicator of a firms

financial success because the income statement only shows the profit
or loss at a period of time and does not show the whole picture of the
company. The Balance Sheet, Statement of cash flow, Statement of
shareholders equity and the Income Statement all together give the
real picture of the business. Each one of them shows different aspects
of the business. These statements show where the income is actually
coming from; is it from sales or from loans the company is
borrowing? If the company is selling a building or any other asset but
that does not mean that it is selling more products and making profit.
Looking at the Income Statements the company might be making
profit but at the same time it is extremely leveraged.
Response 2
A companys net income is not the whole picture, just part of it. There
are lots of things that contribute to the net income that may not be
significative to the companys success. If the value of a dollar has a
sudden change that can affect the bottom line if the company happens
to hold the medium of exchange that can benefit by the change that
might occur. The company can falsely inflate the bottom line. A
companys net income is coupled with liabilities, cash flow, and
selects financial ratios. Looking at it this way is a much better way of
seeing what the companys success is like. A company can change up
many things to make it look like their income is better. These things
that can be changed are single sales events, cash infusion, or false
financial statements. Some things like debt that a company has, the
companys cash on hand, their capital assets conditions, or even their
sales trends. To figure the success of the company, you must look at
the whole picture. One thing cannot tell you all the facts of the
companys affairs. You cannot tell the net income of the company just
from the bottom line. Look at all the financial records.
Response 3
Provide an example from the text or the Internet that demonstrates a
situation in which a companys net profits appeared good in the
statements, but the gross or operating profits presented a different
picture. Discuss how this might have occurred. Respond to the
following question, addressed in Problem 3.6 on p. 109 (Ch. 3):
Why is the bottom-line figure, net income, not necessarily a good
indicator of a firms financial success? Look for indicators like
liquidity or solvency to answer this discussion question.
Net income is not necessarily a good indicator of a firms financial
success because they have ways to manipulate it by increasing their
revenues or hiding some of their expenses. For investors trying to
decide where to invest their money, they need to look more into
assessing how the company came up with the numbers they
presented.
An example of this situation is when Laribee Wire Manufacturing Co.
exaggerated in recording their inventory value which allowed them in
acquiring loans from six banks totaling to about $130 million using it
as collateral. At the same time, they reported $3 million in net income
for the period, but in actuality they lost $6.5 million.

This company showed a higher net income by reporting fake

inventory in which its value was overstated and transferred over to
their income statement. When the banks assessed their financial
statements, it was enough to sway them into lending the loans they
needed.

Reference:

Investopedia. (2010). Spotting Creative Accounting On The Balance

Sheet. Retrieved
fromhttp://www.investopedia.com/search/searchresults.aspx?
q=Spotting+Creative+Accounting+On+The+Balance+Sheet&submi
t=Search

--------------------------------------------
ACCT 504 Week 6 Homework (E10-19A, E10-25A, E12-
16A, E12-20A)

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This Tutorial contains Excel Files which can be used to
solve for any values (your Question may have different
company name or values, but that can be solved using
Excel file) E10-19A Army Navy Sporting Goods is
authorized to issue 10,000 shares of common stock.
STOCK DIVIDEND

Stock Split
University of Phoenix

Stock Dividend
In the present time, the stock dividend has become
important concept. When dividend is given in form of
stock, it is called stock dividend. In this form of dividend,
the cash does not use. It is important, when the
corporation declares stock dividend, the market value of
the share decreases because the number of stock
increases. The many companies prefer stock dividend due
to the tax benefit. If the individual gets stock dividend, he
does not pay any tax on stock dividend. Thus the stock
dividend reduces tax burden. On the other hand, the
ownership of investors also spurs up in the company
because the number of holding share increases. There is
also disadvantage of stock dividend. The market value of
the share decreases, so the market value of holding also
decreases (Kennon, 2009).
The ABC Company is leading company in its industry. The
number of outstanding share of the company is one
million. On the other hand, the number of investors is five
millions. The value of market capitalization is $100 million.
The management declares 20% stock dividend. Thus the
200000 shares will be distributed as a stock dividend. The
number of outstanding share will be increased by 200000
and the new total number of outstanding stock will be 1.2
million. On the other hand, the new value per share in the
market will be $83.33 (100 million/1.2 million). This
example is taken from below mentioned link:
Stock Split
The stock split is also an important concept. When the
management wants to increases number of shares, the
management follows this method. In this method, the face
value of the share is split and number of share gets
increased. Due to increment in number of outstanding
share, the market value of per share also gets affected but
the total market capitalization of the company does not
affect. Both stock split and stock dividend increase number
of outstanding shares but both are different due to the
accounting treatment. In the stock split, the investors do
not get any real benefit. It is also known as non-cash
distribution of dividend. The motto behind stock split is to
increase trading of the shares in the market (Baker, 2009)
For example, the face value of per share is $100 and
the total outstanding shares are 100 million. If the
management of the company announces stock split in ratio
of 1:2, the total outstanding shares will be increased by
100 million, thus the new total number of the share will be
200 million. On the other hand, the face value of the share
will reduce by 50%. So the new face value of the share will
be $50. Due to effect of stock split, the holding share of the
investor will also increase in the prorate basis. If the
investor has 10 shares, now he will have 20 shares. It is
important thing that the total issued capital will not be
changed. The illustration of stock split has been got from
following link:
Reverse Stock Split
The reverse stock split is just opposite of stock split. In this
process, the management reduces the number of
outstanding shares. The company increase face value of
the share. In this method corporation decides a ratio such
as 2:1. Thus the company accumulates two shares in one
share. In this method, the total market value of company
does not change. Due to reverse stock split, the earning
per share and face value of per share rises. Thus the
reverse stock split provides just opposite result from stock
split. It is important question, why company selects this
method. When the management seems that the face value
of the share is less as compared to competitors then the
company goes for this method to make its share value to
equal to competitors shares face value. It is also a sound
strategy to increase treading of shares. If the face value of
share is too cheap in comparison to competitors, the
investors will be discouraged for investment. For increasing
the confidence of investors, the management uses this
method (Mladjenovic, 2009).
For example, an investor holds 100 shares of XYZ
Company and the face value per share is $50. If the
management go for reverse stock split option and declares
one share for 10 shares then the holding of the individual
will reduce 9 shares for every 10 shares. Thus the new
holding of the investor will be 10 (100/10) shares but the
face value per share will be $500. It is also important that
the total market capitalization will remain as same as
before reverse split. The example of the reverse split is
take form below mentioned link:
http://www.sec.gov/answers/reversesplit.htm.
References
Baker, H. K. (2009). Dividends and Dividend Policy. John
Wiley and Sons.
Kennon, J. (2009). All About Dividends. Retrieved May 31,
2010, from
http://beginnersinvest.about.com/od/dividendsdrips1/a/aa040904_2.htm
Mladjenovic, P. (2009). Stock Investing for Dummies.
Dummies.
--------------------------------------------
ACCT 504 Week 7 Course Project JCP Kohls (Devry)

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ACCT 504 Week 7 Course Project JCP Kohls (Devry)

Analyzing an Income Statement

The net income of Kodak has decreased a bit; it appears that the company is
more profitable. By conducting a side by side analysis from 2004 to 2003 the
company has increased in current assets and decreased in total assets. It
appears that the company went down in property, plant and equipment net as
well as discontinued operations. So, despite the decrease in total assets it looks
like the company has made a good decision.

The company has also decreased its total liabilities by about 4%. I believe this to
be good because the short term borrowings and long term debt has decreased.
To me, this means that the company is tightening their belt and paying off old
debt.
Total shareholders equity has down a little bit in dollars, but on the percentage
level the companys percentage has gone up. I believe this is because the
company issued $104k more shares in 2004 than in 2003. The company has the
same amount of shares outstanding in 2004 that it did in 2003 as well. Retained
earnings on the stock have gone up in 2004 as well. I believe this is contributed
by the more shares that have been issued.

I believe the profitability of the company is under good standings. They appear to
be making the necessary adjustments in the company to stay with in a profitable
income.