DE CHAVEZ, Michaela P.

- The rejection region is on both

sides of the distribution.
11 Florida - STEM

Statistics and Probability

Statistical Hypothesis
TEST OF HYPOTHESIS
- The assumptions about the population
Rejection Region Types of Errors that may or may not be true

Type I error
2 types of Statistical Hypothesis:
- It is committed when the
researcher rejects a null hypothesis o Null hypothesis
when in fact it is true.
o Alternative hypothesis
Type II error
t
- It is committed when the The distribution
researcher fails to reject a null
Bell-shaped
hypothesis that is false.
Unimodal
TRUE STATE OF
NATURE Symmetric about t=0
DECISION
The null The null Variance is greater than 1
hypothesis hypothesis
is true. is false. *Compared to the z -distribution the

Reject the tdistribution has a wider tail which

null
Type I Correct means there is more area in the tail. It
hypothesis
error decision also flatter in the middle. And the
Ho .
shape depends on the sample size
n.
Accept the
null
Correct Type II
hypothesis
decision error
Ho .

One-Tailed and Two-Tailed Tests

One-tailed test

- The rejection region is on one side

of the distribution.
df =n1

Two-tailed test
 Where: df = degrees of o df =n1

freedom o 251

n= sample size o 24

Step 2. Find the critical value. Use the

table of t critical values (refer to

appendix)

o ( 1 ) 100 =95

o 1 =0.95
Critical Value
o =0.05
If the confidence level is 90%, then

( 1 ) 100 =90 How to decide?

if t c >t tab , then we reject Ho

If the confidence level is 95%, then

( 1 ) 100 =95 t c <t tab Ho

if , then we accept

If the confidence level is 99%, then or failed to reject

Ho

( 1 ) 100 =99
ttest

*Then get the ttable .

The t-distribution is like the standard
normal curve.
*Test statistic t
This are used to compare two mean.
x n<30
t= It is used when
s
n

Example 1 *Formula in solving for the value

A student researcher wants to determine

of alpha ( )
whether the mean score in mathematics of
the 25 students in Grade 8 Section Newton is ( 1 ) 100 =Confidence level
significantly different from the school mean
of 89. The mean and the standard deviation Commonly used confidence level: 99%,
of the scores of the students in Section 95% and 90%
Newton are 95 and 15, respectively. Assume
95% confidence level. *The t-distribution formula is:
Step 1. Find the degrees of freedom
 x than the advertisement amount?
t=
s Assume a 99% confidence level.
n
o df=9
o Alpha=0.01; t tab=2.821
where: o T comp= 0.4306
o Decision accept Ho
x = sample mean
2. A student suspects that the data
= collected for research study do not
population mean target the population. The data
collected from 15 students has a
s= standard deviation of the sample mean, variance and standard
deviation of 29, 45.49 and 6.73. The
sample
population mean is 27. Assuming
n= sample size normality in the target population, is
the students suspicion correct? Use a
90% confidence level.

1 and 2 is used to determine the

o Guide in using the t- critical value(t tab)
distribution o 14
o 0.05
Step 1: Formulate
Ho and
o 1.151 (t comp)

Ha 3. A student researcher wants to

determine whether the mean score in
mathematics of the 25 students in
Step 2: Find the degree of freedom Grade 8 Section Newton is
Step 3: Find the critical value. significantly different from the school
Use the mean of 89. The mean and the
standard deviation of the scores of the
Table of t Critical Values. students is Section Newton is 95 and
15, respectively. Assume a 95%
Step 4: Compute the test statistic confidence level.
t.
1 and 2 is used to determine the
Step 5: Give your conclusion critical value(t tab)
o 24
o 0.025
o 2 (t comp)

Examples:
Exercises:
1. A certain brand of laundry soap is
advertised to have a net weight of 500 1. Ho: = 43
grams. If the mean net weight of a Ha: 43
random sample of 10 boxes is 500.9 s=4
and has the standard deviation of n = 25
6.607, can it be concluded that the xx = 41
average weight of the boxes is less level of significance = 5%
 3. A Chocolate is advertised as having
Determine the following: a net weight of 100 grams. A
Test statistic: curious consumer measured the
tc: net weight of 15 randomly selected
ttab: bars and found out that the mean
weight is 97.5 grams with a
Decision:
standard deviation of 2.6 grams. Is
2. Ho: = 50 there reason to believe that the
average net weight of the
Ha: 50
chocolate bar is less than 100
s = 7.5
n = 27 grams at 10% level of significance?
xx = 47 Assume the net weight is normally
level of significance = 10% distributed with unknown
population variance.
Determine the following:
o Ho: Ha:
Test statistic:
tc: o Test statistic:
ttab: o Level of significance:
Decision: o Decision rule:
o tc: , t tab , Decision: , Conclusion: