Introduction

Microprocessor
Microcontroller
Microcomputer
Table Of Content
Microprocessor System
Internal Architecture Of Microprocessor
Microcontroller System
General Layout Of Microcontroller
Microcomputer System
General Layout Of Microcomputer
Microprocessor System
CPU on integrated circuit
Processes data, fetching instruction, decoding them &
executing them
Basic parts are CPU, I/O interfaces, buses
Three forms of bus in microprocessor systems are:
Data Bus
Address Bus
Control Bus
 ADDRESS BUS

DATA BUS

FLAG STACK GENERAL PROGRAM INSTRUCTION

ACCUMULATOR
REGISTERS POINTER REGISTER COUNTER DECODER
& REGISTER

ALU CONTROL
UNIT

CONTROL BUS

EXTERNAL CONTROL SIGNALS

Constituent Parts Of uP
Arithmetic And Logic Unit (ALU)
Performs data manipulation

Registers
Memory locations to store information
uP contains group of registers having different functions

Control Unit
Determines timing & sequence of operation
Registers
Accumulator register
Status or Flag register
Program Counter (PC) or Instruction Pointer (IP)
Memory Address register (MAR)
Instruction register (IR)
General-purpose register
Stack Pointer (SP)
Microcontroller System
uP with memory & I/O arrangements is known as
microcontroller
An entire computer manufactured on a single chip
Built in ROM, RAM, Input Output ports, Serial Port, timers,
interrupts and clock circuit
High concentration of on-chip facilities
 Vdd

MEMORY
CLOCK
ROM

CONTROL CPU RAM

LINES EPROM/
EEPROM

I/O CONTROL &

STATUS REGISTERS

I/O DATA
REGISTERS

I/O
PORTS

DATA BUS
Computer System

MAIN FRAME

COMPUTER
MINI COMPUTER
SYSTEM

MICROCOMPUTER
Microcomputer System
Small computer with only one CPU
CPU is single IC
Integration of uP & supporting peripherals
Generally 8 to 32 bit processor
 DATA BUS

TIMING

INPUT INT.
BUS
SYSTEM CONTROL R R
I/O CONTR. EXT.
O A
PORTS CPU UNIT
M M
MEM.
BUS BUS

I/O OUTPUT MEM.

SYSTEM
CONTROL BUS

ADDRESS BUS