India Tourism Development & Sustainable Growth 2020

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India Tourism Development & Sustainable Growth 2020

FOREWORD
India with its diverse Culture, Festivals, host of World Heritage sites and Eco-friendly lifestyles can develop upon the same as a harbinger of peaceful
livelihood in 2017 and beyond. This paper highlights some of the existing capacities and opportunities w.r.t Indias Tourism sector apart from
commenting upon Global trends and best practices.

Considering the fact that the field of study is vast and the Travel & Tourism Industry a major revenue source for any nation (encompassing the length
and breadth of the Country ) in both its Organised and unorganised forms I have put collected a lot of existing data has from various sources to help
put matters in perspective more easily by means of Tables, Data, articles and more.

I have personally spent more than 4 years trying to better understand the nuances of this vast sea of daily Trade including but not limited to Hotels
and Resorts, Airlines, Trains, Ships & Cruise liners, Cabs, Cars, Shops, Boutiques, BnBs, Monuments, Palaces, Wildlife and Nature reserves,
Architectural marvels, Artisans, Craftsmen, Handicrafts and the list goes on and on. During this period I have had the good fortune of being
associated with some of the best names in the Industry from B2B tie-ups with The Top Travel Club Canada ( and Hotelsetc USA ) to representation
and liaison with Lidyday-Voyage in Croatia and Yaktrak in Manali to The Fort Ramgarh in Panchkula the journey so far has been enlightening and
enriching to say the least.

During the past 4 years I have come to realize that the enormity of the number of stakeholders involved in the Travel & Tourism Industry ( both
internal & external ) making it an increasingly complex web of Interwoven relationships drawing a uniform policy or code for which requires
humungous effort and allocations. Of course the same is an ongoing process which shall define its own course over the next 2 decades or so propelled
by none less than the Worlds leading Governments, Regulatory bodies, the Industry and the local populace. Such symbiotic involvement and
representation has been made possible thanks largely to the advent of Mobile and Web technologies.

Years back when my father was serving in the Indian Army and was deputed to Bhutan, I reveled in the natural beauty and culture of the region
whenever I visited the place from my Boarding school in Sherwood, Nainital. I speak of Bhutan because its leadership has shown great initiative in
maintaining the quality of its Tourism as also the extent to which it embodies Technology in its quest for growth ( I do remember receiving 3D /
embossed stamps from Bhutan way back towards 1977 ).

No doubt leadership makes a big difference in the way a Nation follows a growth chart wherein its people are not sacrificed for short term gains.

Today as we head towards greater integration of our economy with Global Trade, removing barriers to communication and selling our strengths to a
world that seeks instant gratification we as a people also have a responsibility to ourselves and our future generations: to protect and save the
Culture, Traditions and natural resources of our Country its age old and ancestral traditions, best practices and ways of life. We need to empower
the populace with new skills and ideas to prepare them for the next wave of emerging technologies and environmental change apart from offering
them a means of sustainable livelihood so as to create the lasting foundation for the development of the Tourism sector in India.

Harsh Ahuja. NCR, India

3rd March 2017

Note: Data posts have the relevant references listed against them for reference purposes. Some invaluable data and information for further reading
and reference tables/data are available in Annexures I, II and III

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India Tourism Development & Sustainable Growth 2020

As Global warming, Climate change, rapid Industrialisation and the Internet make deeper inroads into our daily lives we as responsible World citizens
need to develop upon opportunities provided by the Hospitality & Tourism Industry ( the worlds largest Industry ) 1 to provide sustainable
development and livelihood options to the local populace - worldwide. The United Nations has commendably chosen to undertake part of the same
under the aegis of the UNWTO ( United Nations World Tourism Organisation ) declaring 2017 as the UN's International year of Sustainable Tourism for
Development. The International Year is seeking to explore and highlight tourisms role in the following five* key areas:

1. Inclusive and sustainable

economic growth
2. Social inclusiveness, employment
and poverty reduction
3. Resource efficiency,
environmental protection and
climate change
4. Cultural values, diversity and heritage
5. Mutual understanding, peace and security

* source: A roadmap for celebrating together: UNWTO

India with its multi-faceted and multi-dimensional ethnicities, geographic categories, gastronomic delights, holistic and pranic healing centres,
monuments and a variety of Events and Festivals all through the year has a lot to offer to the Business, Family and lone traveller yet with a
responsibility to the nation, the local polity and the visitors as a whole.

As more and more 5 star Hotels, Recreation centers, Roads, Highways and Buildings are constructed to cater to the demands ( present and future ) of
an increasingly knowledgeable polity, tourists and Businessmen alike, it has become imperative to pay closer attention to:

- Viability of sustaining local flora and fauna

- Providing peaceful and sustainable livelihood options to the local polity
- Maintaining and developing upon Cultural and Religious practices
- Allocating proper resources for capacity and skill development so as to develop upon a sustainable travel & tour ecosystem

A global surge in tourism, driven by the growth of low-cost carriers and middle
class families across the world who are beginning to vacation abroad, has had
deep ramifications for the worlds most popular destinations. Some have tried to
manage tourism by limiting the ability of tourists to stay in cities or pushing less
popular areas as bona fide tourist destinations. The jury is still out on whether
these destinations will be able to effectively manage tourism, or will continue to
struggle in the face of mounting backlash from their citizens..SKIFT.

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India Tourism Development & Sustainable Growth 2020

Tourism & Hospitality Sector (including Travel and Hospitality services such as hotels and restaurants) has been universally recognized as an agent of
development and an engine for socio-economic growth. According to WTTCs ( World Travel and Tourism Council ) India Benchmarking Report 2015,
every USD 1 million in Travel and Tourism spending in India generates USD 1.3 million in GDP. Tourism & Hospitality Sector, Achievements Report, Department
of Industrial Policy and Promotion ( DIPP )

During the period April 2000-March 2016, the hotel and tourism sector attracted around US$ 9.23 billion of FDI
.. Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP).
100% FDI is allowed under the automatic route in tourism and hospitality, ... www.makeinindia.com

Some - Common definitions of sustainable tourism and ecotourism

Sustainable Tourism Ecotourism

Sustainable tourism is envisaged as leading to Environmentally responsible travel to natural areas, in

management of all resources in such a way that
economic, social and aesthetic needs can be fulfilled
while maintaining cultural integrity, essential
ecological processes, biological diversity and life
support systems. - United Nations World Tourism
Organization
order to enjoy and appreciate nature (and accompanying
cultural features, both past and present) that promote
conservation, have a low visitor impact and provide for
beneficially active socio-economic involvement of local
peoples. - The Nature Conservancy and World
Conservation Union (IUCN)

Sustainable tourism products are products which operate
in harmony with local environment, community and
cultures, so that these become the permanent
beneficiaries. according to Agenda 21 for the Travel &
Tourism Industry in (Bien 2007)
Responsible travel to natural areas, which conserves
the environment and improves the welfare of local
people. The International Ecotourism Society 1

[There is] overall consensus that [sustainable tourism] Ecotourism is ecologically sustainable tourism with a
integrates economic, socio-cultural and ecological well primary focus on experiencing natural areas that
being as well as futurity, equity and holism. fosters environmental and cultural understanding,
(Solimar 2007) appreciation and conservation. Ecotourism Australia 2

Sustainable tourism is tourism that seeks to minimize
ecological and socio-cultural impacts while providing
economic benefits to local communities and host
countries. (Mohonk 2000)
Ecotourism is sustainable tourism with a natural area
focus, which benefits the environment and
communities visited, and fosters environmental and
cultural understanding, appreciation and awareness.
(Mohonk 2000)

1 The International Ecotourism Society website. www.ecotourism.org, Accessed April 2009.

2 Ecotourism Australia website. www.ecotourism.org.au, Accessed April 2009.
Setting Standards for Sustainable Tourism: An analysis of US tourism certification programs by Elizabeth Ann Poser , Dr. Jennifer Swenson, Advisor. May 2009##

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India Tourism Development & Sustainable Growth 2020

SUSTAINABLE TOURISM - PARAMETERS

Integrating all the desired parameters to develop upon a cohesive action plan for the Sustainable Development of the Tourism sector is a mammoth
task encompassing a large number of criteria valid across boundaries inculcating the Socio-economic, Cultural, Technological, Geographical &
Security aspects of a Nation. ( Ref Chart below offering guidelines for the same as developed upon by an Organisation in USA )

Sustainable Tourism & Best Practices Parameters to be followed upon

1. Environmental 1.2 Energy 1.3 Flora and Fauna
Water Renewable Energy Wildlife
Energy Wind Power Wildlife Conservation
Flora and Fauna Water Power Biodiversity
Natural Areas and Conservation Solar Energy Forests
Landscaped Areas and Gardens Geothermal Energy Endangered Species
Pollution Biomass
Environmental Education
1.4 Natural Areas and Conservation 1.5 Landscaped Areas and Gardens 1.6 Solid Waste
Protected Natural Spaces Microclimate Creation Rejecting
International Nature Conservation Energy Conservation and Carbon Dioxide Reducing
Categories Air Quality Reusing
Volatile Organic Compound Emission Repairing
Hydrology Recycling
Noise Reduction
Ecological Benefits
1.7 Pollution 1.8 Environmental Education
Pollution Sources Fundamentals:
Wastewater Basic ecology, Geology, Meteorology, Physical
Rainwater Management Geography, Botany, Biology, Chemistry, Physics, etc.
Water Treatment Conceptual awareness-raising
Hazardous Sites Problem research and evaluation
2. Sociocultural
Cultural Activities
Contribution to Local Development
Preservation and Protection of Historical-Cultural Heritage
Respect for Local Cultures and Communities
3. Economic
Policies and Planning
Administration and Planning
Laws and Regulations
Quality
Communications and Marketing
Staff Training
Design and Construction
Health and Safety
Supplies and Suppliers
Monitoring and Corrective Actions
Source : Rainforest Alliance, NY, USA , http://www.rainforest-alliance.org/

Four main categories of the Global Sustainable Tourism Criteria:

A. Demonstrate effective sustainable management.
B. Maximize social and economic benefits to the local community and minimize negative impacts.
C. Maximize benefits to cultural heritage and minimize negative impacts.
D. Maximize benefits to the environment and minimize negative impacts. ##

It is important to realize that all of the above need to be cohesively amalgamated into one synergistic plan of action passing on the fruits of its
dynamism to one and all. Also the advancements in web and mobile technologies need to integrate clear cut Sovereign policies and PPP / Corporate
vision at the planning stage itself.

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SOME INSIGHTS INTO PREVALING INDUSTRY TRENDS - GLOBAL TRAVEL TRENDS 2017

In 2017, travellers will be more interested in the environmental, economic and social impact they have on the destinations they visit and are likely
to support companies that embody these values.
Expect the following travel behaviour in coming years:
Travelling closer to home to reduce carbon footprint
Choosing companies with a strong social focus
Growing interest in voluntourism programmes that leave a long-term positive impact
Homestays gaining more interest than traditional hotels or bed and Breakfasts

Most millennials are looking for:

Full cultural immersion through cuisine, local hotspots, and activities.
Choices - from the opportunity to connect through mobile experiences or engage face-to-face, to an assortment of amenities packages; millennials
want options and flexibility.
The ability to make a business trip into leisure travel (or vice-versa).

Operators who want to attract millennial travelers should:

Make their online presence a priority. Many millennials want to book independently, with most preferring to use a mobile site or app.
Understand that advertising has less effect on these t raveler s than user -generated content or recommendations from friends and family.
Highlight authentic experiences; these are especially sought-after among this market.

The boom of seniors travel

Baby boomers, or simply boomers, are traveling now more than ever. The group born between 1946 and 1964 is ready to go out and see the world.
According to AARP, 99% of boomers will take at least one trip in 2017 for leisure, with some taking as many as five.
Most boomers are looking for:
Bucket list experiences
Hassle-free, convenient experiences
Safety, cleanliness and value
Trekksoft Trend Report 2017

New emerging technologies, the rapid influx of Mobile dependence and GPS, sites like Tripadvisor, AirBNB, Google algorithms and VR all are
turning around existing Industry trends in a disruptive manner making it close to impossible for even MNCs, large Corporations and Consortiums to
keep abreast of the latest trends and wants of the consumer. Holidays and Travel today arent just about visiting a location and staying there for a
day or two with some local sightseeing and shopping todays travellers are more experiential and open to amalgamating diverse cultural and
behavioral differences on account of nationality travellers spend a lot of time on their smartphones and tablets learning about locations, the people
and also how they can gain some enriching insights into the lives of the local people before they embark on their journey. The same makes their
Holiday more fruitful and personalised apart from giving them an opportunity to live and interact with the local populace on a one-to-one level. Even
the Business traveller is using spare time available as an opportunity to spend some quality leisure time with Friends, Colleagues and Family giving rise
to the Bleisure segment.

New models of costing, intense competition, higher levels of consumer literacy & know-how apart from the trend for Angel Investing and
Fundraising in new startups are some of the reasons why Big Hotel chains, Travcos and Resorts are finding it extremely important to remodel their
conventional financial cost allocation models to be in sync with the latest Industry trends. The same requires not just a knowledge of local market
demographics, trends and patterns ( which was conventionally the case ) but also regular updates w.r.t ( and also in response to ) new and
emergent technologies and their impact via the Internet and Mobile web technologies. The same requires the training and orientation of Hotel,
Resort and Travco staff w.r.t desired technologies as well as an increased customer oriented approach to the new Millennial consumer. A consumer
who is definitely more aware w.r.t the need for deriving the best value for money for his or her expenses apart from an inclination towards
incorporating Environmentally Sustainable and Societally conscious Holiday & Travel practices.

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India Tourism Development & Sustainable Growth 2020

Reference Table : Some Important Facts About India & World Tourism, 2015
(I) India

- No. of Foreign Tourist Arrivals in India 8.03 Million

Annual Growth Rate 4.5%
- No. of Indian Nationals Departures from India 20.38 Million
Annual Growth Rate 11.1%
- No. of Domestic Tourist Visits to all States/UTs 1432 Million
Annual Growth Rate 11.6%
- Foreign Exchange Earnings from Tourism In INR terms ` 135193 Crore (#2 )
Annual Growth Rate 9.6%
In US$ terms US$ 21.07 Billion (#2 )
Annual Growth Rate 4.1%
(II) World

- No. of International Tourist Arrivals 1184 Million (P)

Annual Growth Rate 4.4%
- International Tourism Receipts 1232 US$ Billion (P)
Annual Growth Rate -4.9%
(III) Asia & the Pacific Region

- No. of International Tourist Arrivals 278.6 Million (P)

Annual Growth Rate 5.4%
- International Tourism Receipts 418.9 US$ Billion (P)
Annual Growth Rate -0.3%
(IV)Indias Position in World

-Share of India in International Tourist Arrivals 0.68%

-Indias rank in World Tourist Arrivals 40th
-Share of India in International Tourism Receipts (US$ terms) 1.71%
-Indias rank in World Tourism Receipts 14th
(IV) Indias Position in Asia & the Pacific Region

-Share of India in International Tourist Arrivals 2.88%

-Indias rank in International Tourist Arrivals 11th
-Share of India in International Tourism Receipts (US $ terms) 5.03%
-Indias rank in International Tourism Receipts 7th
P : Provisional #2 : Provisionally Revised Estimates (based on final FTA received from BOI).

http://tourism.gov.in

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GLOBAL VIEWPOINTS - ECOTOURISM, SUSTAINABLE TOURISM

SUCCESS THROUGH ECOTOURISM SOUTH AFRICA Tourism revenue accounts for 75% of South Africas National Parks Budget. (In India its
increasingly important but still small). Wilderness in South Africa can now generate 4X more dollars per acre than agricultural land.
Source: TOFTTIGERS, www.toftigers.org

HIGH VALUE, LOW VOLUME BHUTAN ..Bhutans policy towards tourism is a cautious one and works on the concept of high-value, low volume
tourism that keeps a control on the quality and quantity of tourists coming into the country. For instance, in 2010, the country saw 41,000 tourists,
who brought in $90 million. http://www.forbesindia.com

OVERTOURISM GOES MAINSTREAM. ICELAND

.. Iceland This nation of 330,000 welcomed three million people in 2016, and the fact that its near impossible for a local to rent an apartment in
Reykjavik is not a detail captured on the tourist map.
Iceland is just at the beginning of being reshaped by the forces of the global travel industry, and its leaders are aware that they need to do something.
At Skift Global Forum in September, Visit Icelands director Inga Hln Plsdttir said, I wouldnt say we have a crazy problem at the moment. Its not
just about bringing tourists, its about being sustainable as well. I mean, tourism is important for Icelanders and were starting to realize it is the biggest
industry and we need to be careful how we treat it We need to be careful about our lifestyle and sustainability around nature. SKIFT

MOROCCO: DOWN THE ROAD OF TRADITIONAL CRAFTS ..Morocco has a vibrant craft industry, yet artisans had insufficient opportunity for direct
sales. Solimar collaborated with Aid to Artisans and the Moroccan Ministry of Crafts to facilitate direct linkages between artisans and tourists in
Marrakech and Fez. This was achieved through establishing new or updating existing artisan and cultural heritage routes, and furnishing them with
engaging creating marketing collateral. The team involved as many as 6,603 sale points and was successful in increasing artisan revenue. As a result of
this project, crafts and tourism in the area are now more linked than ever before. solimarinternational.com

GO BLUE CENTRAL AMERICA: BOCAS DEL TORO, PANAMA AND ROATN, HONDURAS
The regions economy is centered around tourism and fishing, and tourism is key to local livelihoods; however, the growth of tourism has also brought
negative environmental impacts, especially in the fragile costal and marine ecosystems of the region. In partnership with USAID and the Inter-American
Development Bank, . the challenge is to enhance the regions tourism development in a sustainable manner that incorporates the protection and
preservation of the natural resources and cultural attractions.
The Solution
The Geotourism Program for Go Blue Central America is helping regional communities to improve their market position within the tourism sphere by
providing potential visitors with local knowledge of the regions unique place-based tourism attractions, sites and businesses, and the abundance of
authentic experiences offered. The projects core deliverable, is a National Geographic co-branded website has motivated people to visit the region
and provide a resource for travel that will enhance the benefits from tourism for local people.

The Go Blue project has mobilized public action in the region to be part of an interactive platform to tell the stories of their places through the website,
select the key messages, attractions, activities, products and experiences that tell the unique stories of the regions communities and natural wonders.
These are now highlighted, interpreted and marketed through the Geotourism website. The Geotourism website not only drives increased visitation to
the region, but also attracts the type of visitors most likely to enjoy the cultural and natural experiences of the area and to care about the people and
place they are visiting. . solimarinternational.com

Sustainable tourism in Phuket, Thailand

Evason Phuket resort has introduced sustainability criteria and is certied by Green Leaf, one of the eco-labels for green hotels and resorts. The table
below demonstrates how environment friendly upgrades to older tourism infrastructure can improve energy efciency and reduce water use, wastes
and costs. The installation of resource efcient and energy saving equipment in the resort makes both economic and environmental sense. The
investment has brought about signicant savings, as illustrated below:
Item Investment (US$) Annual savings(US$) Payback
Energy monitoring system 11,000 About 10% N/A
Quantum heat recovery 9,000 7,500 1.2 years
Centralized mini chillers 130,000 44,000 1.8 years
Energy efcient light bulbs 8,500 17,000 6 months
Biomass absorption chillers 11,5000 41,000 2.8 year
LPG boilers for laundry 27,000 17,000 1.6 years
Rainwater reservoir 36,000 330,000 1 month
Asian Examples of sustainable tourism initiatives http://www.academia.edu

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India Tourism Development & Sustainable Growth 2020

Offline experiences: the hallmark of

experts
There is a lot of research that goes
into travel these days. In fact, most
travelers visit up to 38 websites
before they book. According to a
recent Traveler Attribution Study
conducted by Expedia Media
Solutions, travelers have so many
choices that booking has become
complicated. 94% of travelers will
switch between their mobile device
and computer as they plan or book a
trip, however more than half (69%)
worry they're not finding the best
prices and making the best decision.
This creates an opportunity for
activity experts to engage with
customers in offline experiences.

Trekksoft Trend Report 2017

A_Look_at_Life_in_Cuba source: Skift

REAL PEOPLE REAL EXPERIENCES : TOURIST GUIDES & THE POWER TO MAKE A DIFFERENCE

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 India Tourism Development & Sustainable Growth 2020

TOURISM VALUE CHAIN

Value chain
phases
origin to in
destination destination

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India Tourism Development & Sustainable Growth 2020

ECOTOURISM IN INDIA
India is known for its large ecosystems including the Himalayas and the Western Ghats. India has 661 protected areas with 100 national parks, 514
wildlife sanctuaries, 43 conservation reserves and four community reserves in different geographic zones, extending to nearly ve per cent of the
geographical area of the country (MoEF 2011). Capitalising on these resources, ecotourism operations in India have substantially increased community
participation, involvement of indigenous groups, forest dwelling communities and women, local level resource sharing with locally designed
frameworks, and the use of indigenous technologies. The income generated is used to ensure quality tourism services as well as to improve the living
standards of destination communities. Based on Ecotourism Policy and Guidelines developed by the Indian Ministry of Tourism in 1998, the Ministry of
Environment and Forest in June 2011, called on state governments to frame ecotourism policies to facilitate tourism programmes in protected areas of
the country. In addition, the Indian Governments National 12th Five Year Plan (2012-17) targets to increase the net benet of tourism activities for the
poor, emphasising also that the revenue generated from tourism operations should be utilised for protected area management (India Tourism 2011).

Opportunities and challenges:

Trade opportunities and relevant employment options under ecotourism are broadly classied into two categories: ecotourism services and
ecotourism enterprises. Ecotourism services include guiding and interpretation, sightseeing, destination cleaning forest protection and anti-poaching
services. Ecotourism enterprises include honey processing, paper bag production, bamboo handicraft production, organic farming, indigenous
medicine production and sales outlets (eco-shops). Government action at both the national and local levels has enhanced ecotourism operations to
ecologically sensitive areas where attention has been given to conservation and development with the support of the local community. For instance, in
2007 at the Kumarakom bird sanctuary in Kerala, hotels established linkages to local communities for the supply of seven types of local products. By
2010, the number of items had increased to 45 including some agro-based industrial products like coconut oil, souvenirs and handicrafts. The
economic linkages encouraged partnerships between the community and the industry, thereby helping the community to develop a sustainable
market with fair prices for the local produce and increased production. The Parambikulam Tiger Reserve, another example, is the second largest tiger
reserve in Kerala, India. Its activities include the elephant song trail, forest tramway trekking and eco-meditation. In order to ensure participative
management of ecotourism resources, ecotourism programmes are operationalised through specic economic development committees. Of the
committee members, 88 per cent belong to indigenous communities. Destination sustainability is maintained through community management of
resources. Emphasis is given to livelihood improvements, conservation of natural and cultural resources and reducing the dependency on forest-based,
unsustainable resource consumption. These activities have helped to substantially increase the average number of visitors and revenue. Though
numerous opportunities exist, the sector is not without challenges. These include energy consumption for tourism services, usage of water, waste
management issues, and loss of biodiversity as a result of outside interference and cultural erosion. Additionally, there are a number of destination
specic issues that hamper the sustainable use of resources. Service quality sectors like green production, ecological benchmarking, environmental
management systems and voluntary standards like Green Leaf, Blue Flag, Green Globe would, with the required investments and labour, help generate
income and trade opportunities in the local communities.

Way forward:
Adherence to sustainability standards in the operations of ecotourism in India can be initiated in protected areas, rural and village settings, forest areas
and conservation areas of the country. Various innovative forms of ecotourism activities like rural ecotourism, farm and wetland tourism, mangrove
tourism, coastal tourism, plantation tourism, horticulture activities, minor forest produce tourism, wilderness camps, eco-parks, caves exploration,
bamboo raft cruise, and water based activities like regulated angling can be promoted. In this context, the Global Environment Facility (GEF) has
supported Indias eco-development programme, where ecotourism has been identied as a means of livelihood for tribal and forest dwelling
communities.
Source: Asian Examples of sustainable tourism initiatives http://www.academia.edu

Marine and coastal tourism

Coastal and maritime tourism can also provide a trade opportunity for developing countries to conserve and protect ecosystems and species. Instead
of overexploiting marine resources, marine and coastal areas can be used for sustainable tourism and recreation. If carefully designed, activities such
as surng, wind surng and sea kayaking can be developed into sustainable tourist attractions (Ghosh 2011). Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are
another way that marine regions can develop a sustainable tourism industry by catering for activities such as recreational shing, whale watching and
scuba diving. MPAs serve to conserve resources and consequently benet surrounding areas through protecting species migration and enhanced
recruitment. MPAs have grown in popularity amongst tourists in recent years
Asian Examples of sustainable tourism initiatives http://www.academia.edu

Initiatives similar to : Edge of India

A Co-operative Network of Homestays in Rural India
Edge of India is a co-operative tourism network of rural villages, which are led by locals and enable communities to make the most of their cultural and
natural heritage in order to achieve sustainable economic growth through tourism. Working with communities, Edge of India builds local capacity and
uses local resources to develop their own destinations and offer visitors a taste of life in some of the most picturesque and untouched parts of India.
www.edfeofindia.com

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The Himalayan Rocket Stove Project

Apart from organising Holistic Getaways in the Himalayas, Russell Collins from Yaktrak has undertaken the commendable task of offering the people in
the Himalayas alternatives for maintaining their Environment and also keeping their houses warm while Cooking by means of : The Himalayan Rocket
Stove Project
Saving 1 Million Trees!
Himalayan Rocket Stove Project . As a social enterprise geared towards saving Himalayan trees through the use of ultra efficient wood stoves, it
has the ambitious target of saving 1 million trees over the next 10 years. The Himalayan Rocket Stove addresses three of the key issues facing people
and the environment of the Himalayas, those being deforestation, womens health, and air pollution. Rocket stoves also burn incredibly cleanly,
emitting very little in the way of noxious fumes. Using 4 to 5 times less fuel than a traditional stove and being virtually non-polluting with the wood
they do burn, the Himalayan Rocket Stove is a breath of fresh air to the often choked up valleys of the Himalayas during winter.
In terms of CO2, we are looking at saving over 3.5 tons per stove, per year, from being released to the atmosphere. Russell emphasised This
prevents the clean mountain air from being polluted, fostering health and respiratory benefits. https://yaktrak.com/himalayan-rocket-stove-project/

http://himalayanrocketstove.com

Banni Khera Farm, Rohtak: A Sustainable & Community Based Rural Tourism Project
Banni Khera Farm is a Sustainable & Community Based (CBT) Rural Tourism Project started in collaboration with Haryana Tourism (Ministry of Tourism-
India) under the Farm Tourism Scheme
How are the locals involved?
Most of the services in the project are provided by the villagers, including yoga & meditation classes, workshops on pottery-painting-
cooking, conducting activities such as - horse riding, bullock cart ride, tractor ride, boating & folk dance show etc. At present there are more
than 25 local families/individuals involved in the project & they are getting direct economic benefits from the project.

ISKCON Govardhan Eco Village (GEV) won the prestigious United Nations World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO) Award, leading over 55 countries in
the category of Innovation in Non-Governmental Organisations.
Spread over 70 acres in Wada near Mumbai, Govardhan Eco Village is the first Indian NGO to win a UNWTO Award. It was recognised for its ground-
breaking work in using eco-tourism to reduce poverty and provide sustainable livelihoods in one of the most backward tribal regions of India.
Here you may explore a blend of traditional wisdom and modern practicality, from innovative award-winning eco-solutions to education in spiritual
living called Symbiotic Development.
Some Ecofriendly initiatives undertaken include
Organic Farming, Animal Care, Green Buildings, Water Conservation, Alternative Energy, Soil Biotechnology, Waste Management, Rural Empowerment
, Rural Education, Global Outreach, Art & Handicrafts, Plant Nursery, Research & Training. http://mediaindia.eu http://www.ecovillage.org.in/

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UNWTO Ulysses Award for Innovation in Public Policy and Governance

Winner: Responsible Tourism Project at Kumarakom, Department of Tourism, Government of Kerala, India.
Kumarakom is a sound example of public/private partnerships in tourism that work towards responsible tourism objectives. Through the creation of an
inclusive Destination Level Responsible Tourism Committee, and subsequent technical committees, the Government of Kerala, has increased the
linkages between the tourism sector and the local community. The Kumarakom project has positively impacted more than 1.000 members of the local
community across the tourism value chain. Small and medium enterprise development policies that integrate entrepreneurs to the value chain and
responsible tourism projects have been fundamental in providing benefits for the community while protecting the local culture and environment.
http://know.unwto.org

Its found that International Tourists tend to stay longer in India ( 27 days ) much higher as against the International average a clear
testament of the diversity and multitude of offers & experiences the country can offer its visitors. Add to this the fact that Indias share of
International tourist arrivals is a mere 0.4% of the World Trade and we can foresee an opportunity to develop upon the same.

Source: CII Sustainable Tourism Ecotourism

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India Tourism Development & Sustainable Growth 2020

A FEW RECENT GOVERNMENT OF INDIA INITIATIVES:

SwadeshDarshan Swadesh Darshan (Integrated Development of Tourist Circuits on Specific Themes) scheme was launched by the Ministry of
Tourism on March 9, 2015 for the development of theme based tourist circuits to cater to both mass and niche tourism.

Thirteen theme tourist circuits, viz North-East India Circuit, Buddhist Circuit, Himalayan Circuit, Coastal Circuit, Krishna Circuit, Desert Circuit, Tribal
Circuit, Eco Circuit, Wildlife Circuit, Rural Circuit, Spiritual Circuit, Ramayana Circuit and Heritage Circuit (launched in the month of December 2015)
have been identified for development under this Scheme.

Under Swadesh Darshan scheme that aims to develop world class infrastructure to promote cultural and heritage value of the country and
enhance the tourist attractiveness, 27 projects for Rs. 2261.50 crore have been sanctioned for 21 States and Union Territories since its launch in
January 2015. They include Eco Tourism Circuit in the states of Uttarkhand, Telangana and Kerala, Tribal Circuit in Nagaland, Chattisgarh and
Telangana, Coastal Circuit in Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, Pudicherry, West Bengal, Maharashtra and Goa, Buddhist Circuit in Bihar and Madhya
Pradesh, Himalayan Circuit in Jammu and Kashmir, Desert Circuit in Rajasthan, Wild Life Circuit in Madhya Pradesh & Assam and North East India
Circuit in Arunachal, Sikkim, Manipur, Mizoram, Meghalaya and Tripura under SwadeshDarshan.16A Project for Integrated Development of Eco-
Tourism, Adventure Sports, and Associated Tourism related Infrastructure for Development of Tehri Lake and surroundings as New Destination-
District Tehrihas been sanctioned for an amount of Rs.80.37 crores under the Swadesh Darshan scheme.

PRASAD The National Mission for Pilgrimage Rejuvenation and Spiritual Augmentation Drive (PRASAD) scheme, was launched by Ministry of
Tourism on March 9, 2015 for the development and beautification of pilgrimage sites to tap the growth of domestic tourists driven by spiritual/
religious sentiments. The scheme seeks to augment tourism infrastructure at places of pilgrimage to provide better facilities to pilgrims/tourists
and enhance their experience.

In the first phase, 13 cities, viz, Amritsar, Kedarnath, Ajmer, Mathura, Varanasi, Gaya, Puri, Dwarka, Amravati, Kanchipuram, Vellankanni, Guwahati
and Patna have been identified for infrastructure development under PRASAD.

During 2014-16, Ministry of Tourism has sanctioned 11 projects for Rs.284.53 crores under PRASAD. 11 projects, in Amravati, Kamakhya Temple,
Patna Sahib, Patna, Vishnupad Gaya, Shri Jagannath Puri, Amritsar, Ajmer-Pushkar, Varanasi, Mathura-Vrindavan, and Kedarnath Dham,
Uttarakhand have been sanctioned under this scheme. These include 2 Projects worth Rs.36.96 crores approved for Varanasi River Cruise and
Dwarka.. DIPP

NICHE TOURISM SECTORS - India

Medical & Wellness Tourism Golf Tourism Cruise Tourism
Adventure Tourism Rural Tourism
OTHER INITIATIVES
Promoting the North-Eastern Region
Adarsh Smarak: ASI has identified 100 monuments to be developed as Model Monuments.
The Biennial International Buddhist Conclave is organised with the objective of showcasing the rich Buddhist Heritage of the country and
encourage inbound tourism to the Buddhist sites.
Setting up of New Tourism Colleges
Web-based Public Delivery System - recognition of Travel Trade Service Providers / classification of hotels
Introduction of a Mobile App Swachh Paryatan
Multilingual Tourist Helpline - Toll Free Number 1800-11-1363 or short code 1363.
.. DIPP, Ministry of Tourism, Government of India

Environmental protection, Peace and Security

A two pronged strategy to counter safety & security threats and negative publicity must be implemented by both Government of India and Ministry of
Tourism.. WTTC
The same holds true if we wish to reinforce the Incredible India Project and also uphold the age old concepts of Atithi Devo Bhava ( A guest is akin
to God ) as propogated by Indian Culture & Tradition.
As suggested by the WTTC the same can be implemented by:
- Sensitizing the community and stakeholders (State Governments, Local Bodies, Law & Order apparatus) in India especially important tourist
destinations to pay prime importance to safety and security of travellers, especially women. Setting up of Tourist Security Force with a
Public Private Partnership.
- Involving the Embassies and Foreign Missions of different countries located in India on the various steps being taken to ensure safety of
travellers, especially women.
- Evolving a strategy for the Foreign offices of Ministry of Tourism to counter the negative publicity emerging out of any crisis situation.
- Facilitate safety & security, solid waste management, water & sanitation, cleanliness & hygiene, emergency medical services, transport
infrastructure, guiding services and leisure activities at identified locations.
At the same time care should be taken to avoid Increased conicts with local communities arising from failure to incorporate biodiversity concerns
into destination planning, investment and benet sharing; and Threats to cultural integrity arising from unplanned (no prior consent or participation)
and unmanaged tourism. Asian Examples of sustainable tourism initiatives (http://www.academia.edu )

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India Tourism Development & Sustainable Growth 2020

INDIA-TOURISM : Analysis ref World Economic Forum Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index 2013**
Framework Rank/144 Score (1-7)
Travel & Tourism regulatory framework** 110 3.92

Business environment and 67 3.69

infrastructure
Price competitiveness in the 20 5.11
Travel & Tourism industry
Travel & Tourism human, cultural and natural 21 4.72
resources
Natural resources 9 5.36
Cultural resources 24 4.68
Air transport Infrastructure 39 4.18
Ground transport infrastructure 42 4.44
Quality of Roads 85 3.5
Quality of port infrastructure 79 4
Source: World Economic Forum Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2013

India ranks well for its natural and cultural resources, with many World Heritage sites, rich fauna, fairs - exhibitions and strong creative industries. India
also has quite good air transport (ranked 39th), particularly given the country's stage of development, and reasonable ground transport infrastructure
(ranked 42nd), although the quality of roads (85th) and of ports (79th) require further improvement. In addition, India remains a relatively price
competitive destination (20th), even in the regional context. WTTC

** Over the years, the role of the Government in tourism development has been redefined from that of a regulator to that of a catalyst. While
the government is showing a renewed focus on the travel industry, there are still some loopholes that need to be addressed. One, infrastructure
definitely needs a lot of attention. Two, the bandwidth needs to be streamlined in order for us to effortlessly communicate with the people.
Himanshu Verma, CTO, Yatra.com source: http://www.itroadmap.in

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India Tourism Development & Sustainable Growth 2020

In order to successfully develop upon and implement an integrated & sustainable Tourism plan the following parameters need to be incorporated
symbiotically into the Project plan.

PROPOSED-PHASED DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION & EMPLOYMENT GENERATION

- Basic Infrastructure
- Publicity
- Human Resource
- Tourism Infrastructure
- Product Development

The above can be inculcated into the overall financial plan as per Budgetary allocations based upon:
BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE PUBLICITY / MARKETING HUMAN RESOURCE / RESEARCH
Up-gradation of Infrastructure* Signage & Hoardings Documentation & Research of Cultural Heritage
Up-gradation, Construction of roads up to Publicity, Literature etc. Capacity Building, Staff Training
the tourists destinations / infrastructure Computerisation & Information
Up-gradation / maintenance of Vehicles Technology
New vehicles Jeeps, Mini buses & Information Counters
maintenance Programmes, Activities
Landscape & Environment Design
TOURISM INFRASTRUCTURE PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
Cultural Centres in Metro cities Urban Tourism
New Wayside Toilets / Amenities International Coll. Projects
New Tourist Lodges Tourism Festivals 2 nos
New Large Projects
Tourism Circuits
Unforeseen. Contingencies, Inflation, Administrative Expenses, Consultancy Fees
http://indiainbusiness.nic.in

* Note: Most of the above parameters require not just participation of the Government and regulatory bodies at the highest level to draw out a
Sustainable Development plan, but also the careful scrutinisation of best practices and successful projects implemented globally to save on limited
resources and development time.
Eg. Renewable Energy Sources as a source for long term development

Germany has achieved in less than 10 years - over 20GW of solar electricity per hour (this is the equivalent of about 20 nuclear plants) with far less
sunshine than India. http://gaiadiscovery.squarespace.com/latest-people/tag/cii

Examples like the above can be used like guidemarks to offer avenues for long term sustainable growth. The same would involve but not be limited
to Technology Transfer and In-house development on a Corporate / PPP front but also Governmental regulatory frameworks encouraging the
development of Renewable Energy sources not just for development but as a means of survival in the long term.

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India Tourism Development & Sustainable Growth 2020

INDIA - SOME ACTIONABLE AREAS:

TOURISM - Sustainable Livelihood & opportunity across India
Infrastructure & Capacity Development
Village Haats, Resorts, Training Institutes, Roads & Electricity, Reusable Energy, Technology Transfer
Ecofriendly Design and Technologies, Waste management, Flora & Fauna, Alternative technologies
Environment friendly & sustainable practices
Pollution checks, Renewable Energy, Conservation and Landscaping
Review by panel of experts especially w.r.t Energy & Climatic side effects
Regulatory framework to check depletion of resources

Sustenance & Livelihood

Jobs to local Artisans, Craftsmen & Workers as an offset to the Tourism Industry.
Entrepreneurial Development
Promotions, Festivals, Sourcing channels, Sales and distribution
Inclusive development & Poverty alleviation
Education
Non conventional & Reusable Energy

Promotion & Awareness creation

Social Media, Events, Websites, Email, Govt & State level representation & Regulatory framework
NGO's, State sponsored promotions
International liaison and representation - Ecotourism & Sustainable practices, Benefits of India Tourism
eg. Medical Tourism in India offers - average savings of 65-90%.... WTTC
stimulate public/private sector cooperation and promote Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as a pillar
of tourism development * UNWTO

LOCAL LEVEL PARTICIPATION INCLUSIVE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TOURISM SECTOR

Activities could include: Craft Training Workshops, Gastronomy and Healthy Cooking workshops, Visits to Orchards, Tea Estates, Wineries, Village
Haats, Visits to Local Monuments & places of Interest with Food and Dance - customized Itineraries by Local guides, Participation in Local festivals with
Homestay options. and similar activities providing livelihood and sustainable living options to the local polity apart from promoting its tradition and
culture.
India with its abundance in Natural resources and Price competitiveness can offer a variety of Ecotourism, Adventure Tourism & MICE options based
upon Integrated Sustainable practices for the Long term development of the Tourism sector. 83.5% of Tourism sector Billing in 2023 is projected to be
from the Domestic sector and 16.5% from Foreign visitors, care should be taken to evolve upon sustainable resource allocation to account for long
term changes in the above numbers both from a cultural and Infrastructural viewpoint.

Further by 2020, the hospitality sector in India will need 180,000 additional rooms, $25.5 billion for constructing these rooms and about 211,000
people to operate them. Lack of trained and quality manpower is the next key challenge for the industry. While there is a huge scope of employment,
necessary skilling of the workforce at all levels is lacking.. the Cabinet Committee on Infrastructure, Government of India has approved Three-star
or higher category classified hotels located outside cities with population greater than one million to be included in the Harmonized list of
Infrastructure sub-sectors. This will facilitate a synchronized approach among various agencies providing support to hotel infrastructure and drive its
development in the best possible mannerf.

We need to encourage inclusive development at all levels so as to encourage a change in mindset for overall good. Endeavours like the fruitful pursuit
of a Community based Tourism ( CBT ) project by Banni Khera Farmstay in Rohtak, GEV in Mumbai etc need to be encouraged and acknowledged as
also the Himalayan Rocket Stove project initiated by an Australian Travco# in India to save a million trees. Also, offering the populace the benefits of
technology shall greatly enhance the marketability of their services as also their long term sustenance.

The same along with a well-established policy Framework by the Government of India shall go a long way in ensuring that India can reap the benefits of
its Travel, Hospitality and Tourism markets in sync with Globally established benchmarks and best practices amalgamating the collusive participation of
visitors from abroad as well as the polity of the nation.

Note: Despite the growing pace of changes worldwide and emergence of disruptive technologies, India needs to devise an action-plan which adheres
to the Macroeconomic conditions of the Country and not just International standards as the parity gap in Income and Living standards is still
considerable when compared to a Host of advanced Countries. At the same time much needed clearances in projects should be given priority including
Land allocation so as to not drive away FDI and potential investors.

Eg. To adopt a Euro emission standard for example and hope to bridge the gap in emissions without improving the quality of the Road network would
be a job half done - rather than collusive development. For the same India needs to develop upon a Holistic perspective for steady and sustainable
growth while developing upon its Infrastructure to empower its people to undertake tasks with more efficiency than before.
#
Travel Company

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India Tourism Development & Sustainable Growth 2020

THE STAKES ARE LARGE AND THE WORLD IS THE STAGE!

160.2 BILLION $ ( US ) IS THE PROJECTED CONTRIBUTION OF THE
TOURISM & HOSPITALITY SECTOR AND 280 BILLION $ ( US ) IS THE PROJECTED CONTRIBUTION OF THE TRAVEL &
TOURISM SECTOR
TO THE GDP OF INDIA BY 2026.
Source: http://www.ibef.org/

Regulatory Framework, Infrastructure, Capacity Development, Sustenance,

Clearances, Cultural harmony & Promotion are key!

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India Tourism Development & Sustainable Growth 2020

ANNEXURE I
a) Travel & Tourism's total contribution to the global economy rose to 9.5% of global GDP (US $7 trillion), not only outpacing the wider economy,
but also growing faster than other significant sectors such as financial and business services, transport and manufacturing. In total, nearly 266
million jobs were supported by Travel & Tourism in 2013; source: http://www.wttcii.org/pdf/India_Tourism_Plan.pdf
b) CATEGORIES OF TRAVELLERS INDIA
Business Travel - as India's economy promises robust growth-, domestic Business travel will be a growing market.
Honeymooners - 2nd biggest category; comprising tourists who want to have a memorable experience of the trip/destination and are less price-
conscious.
Families on vacation, visiting friends & relatives is the 3rd largest category; cost effective Rejuvenation and relaxation at preferred off-season
destinations in any part of India depending on family size. Pilgrims - the 4th largest category; travelling to places of religious importance such as
Varanasi, Madurai, Tirupati, Shirdi, Vaishnodevi, Amarnath, Badrinath, Puri, Dwarika, Ajmer, Pushkar, Amritsar, etc.
Students, working executives - the 5th category; usually have a preference for travelling over weekends as well as to destinations requiring
overnight travel by road or train.
Medical Tourism - A rapidly emerging category for both Indian Citizens and Foreign Nationals. Using US costs across A variety of specialties and
procedures as a benchmark, Medical treatment in India provides an average savings of 65-90%.... WTTC
e) Indian hotel careers are safe: HVS 2021
f) Accounting for seven percent of worldwide exports, one in eleven jobs and 10 % of the worlds GDP, the tourism sector if well managed can
foster inclusive economic growth, social inclusiveness and the protection of cultural and natural assets. http://mediaindia.eu
g) Ref: 20 years perspective plan for the sustainable development of tourism in the state of mizoram

Note: An attempt has been made to collate available information while mentioning the relevant sources for further reading and reference purposes.
Any editions / deletions or changes to the same are not under the scope of this document and may be followed upon with the relevant sources.
Other relevant information, cliparts & images: Google

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India Tourism Development & Sustainable Growth 2020

ANNEXURE II
NEW INITIATIVES IN THE TWELFTH PLAN , GoI INCLUDE: (2012-17)
- Recasting the Scheme of Common Effluent Treatment Plant (CETPs)
- Enhancement of Sewage Treatment Capacity
- National Plan for Conservation of Aquatic Eco Systems (NPCA)
- National Environmental Monitoring Programme
- National Forestry Information System
- Invasive Species Management
- Coastal and Marine Conservation
- Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Biodiversity
- Environmental Performance Index
- Rangeland and Silvi Pasture Development Scheme
- Satellite-based Forest Resource Assessment
- Green India Mission.

The Twelfth Plan has identified 13 Monitorable Socio-Economic targets for this Ministry, which has been taken up for regular monitoring of progress
made by the Ministry. These targets are as follows:
Environment and Climate Change
Assess and remediate 12 identified contaminated sites (hazardous chemicals and wastes) with potential for ground water contamination by 2017.
Clean 80 per cent of critically polluted stretches in rivers by 2017 and 100 per cent by 2020.
States to meet National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) in urban areas by 2017.
To reduce emission intensity of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in line with the target of 20 to 25 per cent reduction over 2005 levels by 2020.
Forests and Livelihood
Greening 5 million ha under GIM including 1.5 m.ha. of degraded lands, afforestation and eco-restoration of 0.9 m.ha. of ecologically sensitive areas.
Technology-based monitoring of forest cover, biodiversity and growing stock including change-monitoring on periodical basis through dedicated
satellite by 2017 and establishment of open web-based National Forestry & Environmental Information system for research and public accessibility by
2015.
Engagement of Village Green Guards/ Community Foresters for every Joint Forest Management (JFM) village by 2016.
Establish forestry seed bank in forest circles and Model Nursery in every district with information on public portal by 2014.
Wildlife, Ecotourism and Animal Welfare
Twenty per cent of veterinary professionals in the country will be trained in treating wildlife.
Integrated Ecotourism District Plans covering 10 per cent of all potential Protected Areas (PAs) by 2017.
Promoting participation of private sector, civil societies, NGOs and philanthropists in animal welfare.
Ecosystem and Biodiversity
Restore 0.1 mha. of wetlands/ inland lakes/ water bodies by 2017.
Mapping and preparation of biodiversity management plans for deserts (both cold and arid), coastal areas, important coral zones, wetlands,
mangroves and so on to be completed by 2017.
Besides, 14 Goals have also been identified in the Plan Document, which would receive focus and special attention, inter alia, through the Annual Plans
of the Ministry. These 14 Goals are set out below:
Environment
Epidemiological studies to assess improvement in health status due to better management of environment and ecology.
Promotion and adoption of cleaner technology, strengthening and initiation of reforms in regulations, policy making and enforcement institutions for
environmental governance.
Move towards cumulative and strategic Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA).
Ensure ecological flows in all rivers by regulating abstractions so as to allow conservation of riverine ecosystems through developing a legal framework
and management strategy for conservation of river basins.
Promotion of recycling and reuse of treated sewage in urban projects such as sanitation, landscaping, central air conditioning and so on.
Forests and Livelihood
Improve forest productivity, production and sustainable management of biodiversity (equity in access to benefit sharing with local people).
Restore and intensify forest-rangelands/ grazing-land management and establish community grazing land around forest fringe villages.
Build capacity of Village Forest Committees/ Joint Forest Management Committees (JFMCs) for management of forest resources including ecotourism.
Revive seed orchards and silviculture plots for various forest types of the country, as well as for enlisted species under Minor Forest Produce (MFP)/
Non Timber Forest Produce (NTFP), including genetic improvement, and establishment, of clonal orchards.
Wildlife, Ecotourism and Animal Welfare
Reducing and managing humanwildlife conflict.
Commercialisation of permissible marine products rich in poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), vitamins and so on.
Promotion of ecotourism and participatory eco-development support livelihood of local population.
Ecosystem and Biodiversity
Develop national targets and indicators related to biodiversity and support actions to strengthen implementation of Biological Diversity Act, 2002 and
ensure bio-safety for economic and social development of local communities.
Assess coastal biodiversity resources, ensure sustainable management, restoration of mangroves, coral reefs and wetlands and support livelihood.
http://www.moef.nic.in

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India Tourism Development & Sustainable Growth 2020

ANNEXURE III
- Certifications & Standards
SUSTAINABLE TOURISM |RESOURCES
Tourism Accreditation & Certification

Certification is popular subject in tourism and sustainability. Some in the industry say it doesnt address the critical mass while others say it is the only
way to stop greenwashing. In late 2008, the global partnership for sustainable tourism criteria was formed. In 2009, a global body was formed
the GSTC (Global Sustainable Tourism Council )
Certification can be described as the process of assuring industry and consumers that the assessed company has met a set of minimum standards.The
purpose of certification has been to achieve voluntary standards which meet or exceed baseline standards or legislation
(Source: Dodds & Joppe, 2005)..

Certification in tourism has always been a tumultuous affair and there is continuous debate especially as less than 1% of tourism industry suppliers are
certified. Some certification schemes which are well known in the tourism industry include:

VISIT initiative initiative to link up european ecolabels

ECEAT European program for green farm holidays
Green Tourism Business Scheme Scotlands certification program
Green Globe 21 global implementation program for all forms of tourism.
Eco Brasil
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) certified mainly larger hotels and tour operators for environmental or quality assurance ISO
9001 and ISO 14001 and the newly formed ISO 2600
Rainforest Alliance
SmartVoyager certification program is an Ecuadorian nonprofit group and the Rainforest Alliance, Smart Voyager minimizes the impact of tour
boats in the Galapagos Islands by improving social and environmental conditions of boat operations.
Nordic Swan
Viabono Germany
Pan Parks
Fair Trade in South Africa one of the newest initiatives dealing with fairtrade tourism
Green Key, NL (Environmental Barometer) is the Dutch ecolabel for companies in the leisure sector.
Blue Flag Campaign certification for beaches
Audubon certification for golf courses
Green Key Accommodation certification in Lithuania, France, Denmark, Greenland, Sweden
Natures Best Swedish ecotourism certification program
Green Flag for parks and green spaces in the UK
An analysis of certification schemes done by the WWF
Agenda 21 for the Travel and Tourism Industry a practical guide of indicators
Sustainable Travel International STEP program
Clean Marine program certification for marinas
However, be careful as not all certification schemes have third party audits such as the Green Hotels Association (Canada) -this information on how
hotels are reducing their impact on the environment is only a checklist rather than an audited scheme. Source: http://www.sustainabletourism.net/
The International Ecotourism Society Trekksoft
Green Leaf
STEP (Sustainable Tourism Eco-certification Program) that certify tour operators, accommodations, attractions and transport providers based on
social, economic and environmental sustainability##
LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) whose main focus is on certifying green buildings, however they have a sub-program that is
designed specifically for the hospitality industry##

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India Tourism Development & Sustainable Growth 2020
International organisations & bodies of interest : Sustainable Tourism, Ecotourism, Social Responsibility
Rainforest Alliance Membership-based
organization established to
set social and
environmental standards
and issue certification to
producers in forestry,
agriculture and tourism.
Provides training and other
technical assistance in
industries covered by their
certification activities.
www.rainforest-
alliance.org
Forest Stewardship Fee-based membership
Council (FSC) group open to individuals
and organizations.
Members assist in
governance and policy
development. FSC is a
certification system that
provides international
standard-setting,
trademark assurance and
accreditation services to
companies, organizations,
and communities
interested in responsible
forestry.
http://www.fsc.org/
Rainforest Alliance Global Sustainable
and other partners Tourism Criteria
Partnership
An initiative of the
Rainforest Alliance, the
UN Environmental
Programme, UN
Foundation and the UN
World Tourism
Organization, it involves
various industry
associations and
NGOs. The Sustainable
Tourism Criteria are
intended to be the basis
for a common
understanding of what
sustainable tourism
means.
www.sustainabletourismcri
teria.org
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World Business Various initiatives and
Council for Tools Membership-based
Sustainable organization oriented
Development mainly to large companies.
(WBCSD) Annual membership fee. It
has developed numerous
initiatives and tools that
are publicly available,
including:
The Global Water Tool
Improving Stakeholder
Engagement: Measuring
Impact
Organizational
Governance: Issue
Management Tool
Sustainable
Development: A Learning
Tool
Numerous other
guidance documents,
initiatives and tools on
specific social and
environmental issues.
www.wbcsd.org
Programme for the PEFC is an umbrella
Endorsement of organization for mutual
Forest recognition of certification
Certification schemes on sustainable
schemes management of
(PEFC) forests. National
organizations provide
governance and
recognition of member
groups.
http://www.pefc.org
ISO 26000 Guidance on Social Responsibility, First edition 2010-11-01
WBCSD and The Greenhouse Gas
World Protocol
Resources Freely available accounting
Institute and reporting standard for
(WRI) companies to report on
emissions of the six
greenhouse gases covered
by the Kyoto Protocol of the
UN Framework Convention
on Climate Change.
Provides various tools to
assist companies in
calculating their emissions.
www.ghgprotocol.org
Coalition of Code of Conduct for the
tourismrelated Protection of Children
organizations from Sexual Exploitation
in Travel and Tourism
Voluntary code of conduct
that commits organizations
to implement six criteria
aimed at protecting children
from sexual exploitation in
the travel and tourism
sector. Provides
a free training kit on
implementing these criteria.
ECPAT USA provides the
Secretariat. www.ecpat.net
www.thecode.org
India Tourism Development & Sustainable Growth 2020

**
Global Sustainable Tourism Criteria (Note: Excerpts refer to main document for full table )
A.1 Sustainability management system
A.2 Legislation and regulations
Sustainable Management

A.3 Personnel receive periodic training

A.4 Customer satisfaction
A.5 Promotional materials
Buildings and infrastructure:
A.6.1 Comply with local zoning
A.6.2 Respect the natural or cultural heritage
A.6.3 Sustainable construction
A.6.4 Persons with special needs
A.7 Interpretation of natural areas & culture
B.1 Community development
B.2 Local employment
B.3 Local purchasing
B.4 Support local small entrepreneurs
Socioeconomic

B.5 A code of conduct

B.6 Commercial exploitation policy
B.7 Equitable hiring
B.8 Legal protection of employees
B.9 The activities of the company
C.1 Code of behavior
Cultural

C.2 Historical and archeological artifacts

C.3 Protection of sites
C.4 Uses elements of local art
D.1.1 Purchasing policy favors
D.1.2 Disposable and consumable goods
D.1.3 Energy consumption
Natural resources

D.1.4 Water consumption

D.2.1 Greenhouse gas emissions
Eco-efficiency

D.2.2 Wastewater
D.2.3 Solid waste management plan
D.2.4 Use of harmful substances
D.2.5 Business implements practices
Environmental

D.3.1 Wildlife species

Biodiversity

D.3.2 No captive wildlife is held

protection

D.3.3 Native species for landscaping

D.3.4 Biodiversity conservation
D.3.5 Interactions with wildlife

Global Sustainable Tourism Criteria**

A. Demonstrate effective sustainable management.
A.1. The company has implemented a long-term sustainability
management system that is suitable to its reality and scale, and that
considers environmental, sociocultural, quality, health, and safety issues.
A.2. The company is in compliance with all relevant international or
local legislation and regulations (including, among others, health, safety,
labor, and environmental aspects).
A.3. All personnel receive periodic training regarding their role in the
management of environmental, sociocultural, health, and safety
practices.
A.4. Customer satisfaction is measured and corrective action taken
where appropriate.
A.5. Promotional materials are accurate and complete and do not
promise more than can be delivered by the business.
A.6. Design and construction of buildings and infrastructure:
o A.6.1. comply with local zoning and protected or heritage area
requirements;
o A.6.2. respect the natural or cultural heritage surroundings in siting,
design, impact assessment, and land rights and acquisition;
o A.6.3 use locally appropriate principles of sustainable construction;
o A.6.4 provide access for persons with special needs.
A.7. Information about and interpretation of the natural surroundings,
local culture, and cultural heritage is provided to customers, as well as
explaining appropriate behavior while visiting natural areas, living
cultures, and cultural heritage sites.
B. Maximize social and economic benefits to the local community and
minimize negative impacts.
B.1. The company actively supports initiatives for social and
infrastructure community development including, among others,
education, health, and sanitation.
B.2. Local residents are employed, including in management positions.
Training is offered as necessary.
B.3. Local and fair-trade services and goods are purchased by the
business, where available.
B.4. The company offers the means for local small entrepreneurs to
develop and sell sustainable products that are based on the areas nature,
history, and culture (including food and drink, crafts, performance arts,
agricultural products, etc.).
B.5. A code of conduct for activities in indigenous and local
communities has been developed, with the consent of and in
collaboration with the community.
B.6. The company has implemented a policy against commercial
exploitation, particularly of children and adolescents, including sexual
exploitation.
B.7. The company is equitable in hiring women and local minorities,
including in management positions, while restraining child labor.
B.8. The international or national legal protection of employees is
respected, and employees are paid a living wage.
B.9. The activities of the company do not jeopardize the provision of
basic services, such as water, energy, or sanitation, to neighboring
communities.

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India Tourism Development & Sustainable Growth 2020

C. Maximize benefits to cultural heritage and minimize negative impacts.

C.1. The company follows established guidelines or a code of behavior for visits to culturally or historically sensitive sites, in order to minimize visitor
impact and maximize enjoyment.
C.2. Historical and archeological artifacts are not sold, traded, or displayed, except as permitted by law.
C.3. The business contributes to the protection of local historical, archeological, culturally, and spiritually important properties and sites, and does
not impede access to them by local residents.
C.4 The business uses elements of local art, architecture, or cultural heritage in its operations, design, decoration, food, or shops; while respecting
the intellectual property rights of local communities.

D. Maximize benefits to the environment and minimize negative impacts.

I. D.1. Conserving resources (Eco-efficiency/Natural Resources)
o D.1.1. Purchasing policy favors environmentally friendly products for building materials, capital goods, food, and consumables.
o D.1.2. The purchase of disposable and consumable goods is measured, and the business actively seeks ways to reduce their use.
o D.1.3. Energy consumption should be measured, sources indicated, and measures to decrease overall consumption should be adopted, while
encouraging the use of renewable energy.
o D.1.4. Water consumption should be measured, sources indicated, and measures to decrease overall consumption should be adopted.
II. D.2. Reducing pollution (Eco-efficiency/Natural Resources)
o D.2.1. Greenhouse gas emissions from all sources controlled by the business are measured, and procedures are implemented to reduce and offset
them as a way to achieve climate neutrality.
o D.2.2. Wastewater, including gray water, is treated effectively and reused where possible.
o D.2.3. A solid waste management plan is implemented, with quantitative goals to minimize waste that is not reused or recycled.
o D.2.4. The use of harmful substances, including pesticides, paints, swimming pool disinfectants, and cleaning materials, is minimized;
substituted, when available, by innocuous products; and all chemical use is properly managed.
o D.2.5. The business implements practices to reduce pollution from noise, light, runoff, erosion, ozone-depleting compounds, and air and soil
contaminants.
III. D.3. Conserving biodiversity, ecosystems, and landscapes (Biodiversity Protection)
o D.3.1. Wildlife species are only harvested from the wild, consumed,
displayed, sold, or internationally traded, as part of a regulated activity that ensures that their utilization is sustainable.
o D.3.2. No captive wildlife is held, except for properly regulated activities, and living specimens of protected wildlife species are only kept by those
authorized and suitably equipped to house and care for them.
o D.3.3. The business uses native species for landscaping and restoration, and takes measures to avoid the introduction of invasive alien species.
o D.3.4. The business contributes to the support of biodiversity conservation, including supporting natural protected areas and areas of high
biodiversity value.
o D.3.5. Interactions with wildlife must not produce adverse effects on the viability of populations in the wild; and any disturbance of natural
ecosystems is minimized, rehabilitated, and there is a compensatory contribution to conservation management

Harsh Ahuja/Ahuja Business Services/2017

India Tourism Development & Sustainable Growth 2020

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All Travel & Tour Companies, Hotels, Resorts, NGOs and related bodies interested in promoting activities related to Sustainable Tourism may contact
me personally at: harshahuja@ahujabusinessservices.com

Harsh Ahuja, Delhi NCR, India

3rd Mar 2017
www.ahujabusinessservices.com
Ahuja Business Services A Holiday & Travel planning Co.

Harsh Ahuja/Ahuja Business Services/2017

India Tourism Development & Sustainable Growth 2020

Contact Us:

Harsh Ahuja
Ahuja Business Services
A 2/53 Azad Apartments, Sri Aurobindo Marg
New Delhi - 16
www.ahujabusinessservices.com
Mobile: 8527478057 / 8178006695
Email : harshsahuja@ahujabusinessservices.com

Discover your dreams! India Tourism Development & Sustainable Growth - 2020
AHUJA BUSINESS SERVICES A HOLIDAY & TRAVEL PLANNING COMPANY. T&C apply.

Harsh Ahuja/Ahuja Business Services/2017