LinuxLiteOs Manual Installation

HOME
Adding another User

Enabling TRIM on your SSD
CONTENTS Encrypting your Home folder
Installation Guide
START Installing Linux Lite
Mounting Drives & Partitions
No USB Boot option in the Bios?
INSTALL
Preparing your Computer
Removing a User
NETWORK Resetting your Password
Setting your Language
SOFTWARE Terminal Basics
Writing Linux Lite to DVD on Windows
HARDWARE Writing Linux Lite to USB in Linux and OSX
Writing Linux Lite to USB on Windows
TUTORIALS
Installation Guide
CUSTOMIZE To install Linux Lite you will need to download the ISO file, then create
either a bootable DVD or USB stick from the ISO. To create a bootable
open in browser PRO version Are you a developer? Try out the HTML to PDF API pdfcrowd.com
DVD, you need to burn the ISO as an "image" to the DVD. Below are listed
GLOSSARY
three free Windows programs that will enable you to do that. If burning
to a USB stick, we have also listed a free program that we recommend
for doing that in Windows; or a reliable method to create a bootable USB
when using a Linux system, or OSX.
Once you have your bootable media created, you may need to access
your computer's BIOS settings to set the boot order for booting
CD/DVD/USB's first (before the hard drive). Typically there will be one or
two special keys that can be pressed during initial power-up of the
computer (before an operating system starts booting) that will allow you
access to either the BIOS Settings/Startup Menu or a separate Boot
Menu. Specific keys vary from one manufacturer to the next, so refer to
your user manual if you are not sure how to access the settings.
Writing the Linux Lite ISO to a DVD on Windows

Here is some free DVD burning software for you to select from:
BurnAware Free - http://www.burnaware.com
CDBurnerXP - http://cdburnerxp.se/
ImgBurn - http://www.imgburn.com/
Place a blank DVD in your DVD drive, open up the program, select the ISO
file that you want to burn. Choose the lowest burn speed, this will greatly
reduce the risk of your burn becoming corrupt as can sometimes
happen. A 4x speed is recommended if you have it.
Writing the Linux Lite ISO to USB on Windows

Win32DiskImager allows you to create a bootable Live USB drive.
Download it from here.
Writing the Linux Lite ISO to USB in Linux and

OSX
To find out the letter of your USB stick, open a terminal and type: df -h It
is usually listed as media or similar. Be very careful to make sure you
choose the right drive letter, as you can see in the Filesystem column, my
device is sdb another clue is the value in the Size column, here it is shown
as 15G. In this example my device is an Apacer 15gb USB stick.
Open a folder and make sure you are in the directory that the iso file is in.
Open a terminal in that directory and type the following:
32bit:
Terminal Command:
sudo dd if=linux-lite-2.6-32bit.iso of=/dev/sdx bs=4M
64bit:
Terminal Command:
sudo dd if=linux-lite-2.6-64bit.iso of=/dev/sdx bs=4M
Change the x in sdx to match the letter of your USB device.
The Live DVD/USB image will boot into the desktop automatically, there
is no need to login manually.
No USB Boot option in the Bios? Use PloP

For full instructions click here.
Preparing your Computer for the Installation

If you are planning to have Linux Lite as the sole operating system on
your computer, there is nothing special you need to do in preparation for
the installation - even if another operating system is currently occupying
the hard drive. Simply boot up your live installation disk, give Linux Lite a
test run if you'd like, then start the installation by double-clicking the
Install icon on the desktop. When you get to the Installation Type screen,
tell the installer to use the whole disk and it will go ahead and erase
anything that is already there, create the partitions needed, format them
and install the system automatically.
If you currently have one physical hard drive and want to dual-boot
Windows and Linux Lite, then you should do a few things to prepare for
the installation to insure the best results.
Create backup copies of any important data files. (You probably won't need
them - but if you do, you'll be glad you made the backups.)
Create Windows recovery disk(s) if you haven't already done so before.
Defragment your largest Windows partition (likely the "C: drive"). If Windows
partitions currently span the entire hard drive, one (or more) of its partitions will
need to be shrunk down to make room for the Linux installation.
Shrink the Windows partition from within Windows disk management. (You
can shrink the partition during the installation, but it is probably best to use
Windows to shrink Windows partitions.)
If you defragmented and shrunk the Windows partition ahead of time, leave
the resulting space as unpartitioned, unused, free space. DO NOT create any new
partitions from within Windows for the Linux Lite installation. (If you are familiar
with partitioning and want to create the partitions ahead of time, use GParted for
doing that while booted in the live Linux Lite DVD/USB.)
If you plan to have the shrinking done by the installer, it is still recommended
that you defragment the Windows partition ahead of time.
If you have more than one physical hard drives and want to dual-boot
Windows and Linux Lite, with Linux on its own dedicated physical drive,
then we recommend you make a request for guidance in our Forum if
you are unfamiliar with Linux installations. Otherwise, general
instructions for such an installation are listed below.
Choose "Something else" on the "Installation Type" screen during

installation. (See instructions in following section for pictures of installation
stages.)
On the following page, choose the specific drive that you want for Linux Lite.
Create your partitions, choose appropriate file system types, and designate
mount points.
Near bottom of the window, select a drive for the boot loader installation.
(That will be something like /dev/sda, /dev/sdb, etc. - without a partition # after
it. Not /dev/sda1, for instance.) It will be pre-filled for the MBR of the first hard
drive.
If Windows is on the first drive, it's boot loader will be replaced with the
Linux boot loader (grub2) unless you specify a different drive. That is fine, but an
alternative is to install the boot loader to the Linux hard drive, then set the BIOS
to boot from that drive. That will preserve the Windows boot loader on its own
drive.
Once installation is complete, reboot and the Linux boot loader will have
automatically detected your Windows installation and added it to the boot menu
choices.
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Installing Linux Lite to your computer

Start your computer, and go into your system Bios and check that the
boot order is set so that DVD and USB devices are set to boot first. This
varies from bios to bios. Refer to your motherboard documentation for
more information.
Once you are happy with your bios set up, insert the DVD disc or USB
stick into your computer and reboot your computer. You'll be greeted
with the following screen. Let the timer run down if you want to boot to
the Live session.
Press any key to see the next screen.
Make sure Start Linux Lite is highlighted, press the enter key to boot the
Live session. This is also a good way to check that all of your hardware is
supported. If you are having trouble booting and you get just a black
screen, try the second option, Start Linux Lite in safe graphics mode.
The other options are:
Check Install Media - run this to check that the Linux Lite image is free
from errors.
Run memtest - Test your computer memory for faults.
Boot the first hard disk - boot the existing operating system.
Restart - reboot your computer.
Shutdown - turn off your computer.
NOTE: If you are having any trouble booting Linux Lite after installation,
please read through this trouble shooting guide.
The computer will go through the boot up process, this may take
anywhere from a few seconds to a couple of minutes depending on your
hardware. The login for the Live user is automatic, there is no need to
login. An explanation of the various Menu's can be found by clicking here.
Before we proceed, make sure you have an internet connection first. Click
here if you need help to get online before you install Linux Lite.
Once you've had a look around Linux Lite and are ready to install the first
step is to double click on the Install Linux Lite icon on your Desktop.
The installer will then open on the desktop and display the Welcome
section of the installer. From here you will select your preferred language
and view release notes for this version of Linux Lite.
After selecting continue, you are presented with some requirements for
the installation. Ensure that these requirements are met by viewing a
check mark beside them. You may also choose to download any
available updates while installing or install third-party software during
the installation.
NOTE: Please verify the legal status of the use of the third party
software in your country/territory.
NOTE: Generally we don't recommend ticking Download updates while

installing and Install the third-party software as this will significantly
slow down the install process. Updating after a fresh install is
recommended and will save you time in the long run. A typical install on
today's hardware will take around 10-15 minutes. If you check these 2
boxes, the install could take over an hour or longer.
Now it is time to choose the method of installing Linux Lite to your hard
disk. You will have several options during this phase of the installer.
Install Linux alongside them - otherwise known as a dual boot. An option

to boot from Windows or Linux Lite when your computer starts.
Note: If you want to encrypt your home folder, do not select the option
'Encrypt the new Linux installation for security' instead, please follow
these instructions here.
Erase Disk and Install Linux
Upon selecting Erase Disk and Install Linux you are presented with a
screen displaying how your install will be represented on the hard disk.
This is the most simple option available and will show your hard disk
being completely and solely occupied by Linux Lite. You may select the
disk you wish to install Linux Lite to from the menu labeled: Select Drive.
You may then select Install Now when you are ready to begin installing.
NOTE: This installation option will automatically install the Linux

bootloader to the first hard drive on the system. That is typically how
most people install and the Linux boot loader offers the choice of
booting any other operating systems that are on your computer.
However, if your intent is to keep the Windows boot loader in charge of
booting the Windows drive and the Windows drive is the first one, then
you need to use the "Something else" installation type. That way you
can control the "location for boot loader installation" and set it for the
specific drive you choose for Linux Lite. Again, this is not a necessity
when dual-booting. We point this out only because some people prefer
to keep the Windows drive as is.
Install Linux alongside Windows (dual booting)
If you have selected to install Linux Lite alongside an existing copy of

Windows, you will be greeted with a screen representing the two
operating systems on the disk. You may choose the disk to install Linux
Lite to from the top menu labeled: Select Drive. In the main part of the
window you will see your hard disk split into two sections, one containing
your Windows install and one for your proposed Linux Lite installation.
You may drag the empty space between them to allocate space from
one to the other as needed. You may then select Install Now after you
have made the desired changes. If your computer has more than one
physical hard drive and your intent is to install Linux to a separate drive
from the Windows drive, see this section.
Something Else
NOTE: FOR ADVANCED USERS ONLY
If the other methods do not fulfill your personal requirements for

installation you may select Something Else and manually partition your
hard disk. There are many options available from this screen. All of your
disks will be visible in a hierarchal tree view in the main window. From
here you can see disk devices, existing partitions, and unallocated space.
If your disk is new or you are creating a new install in a virtual machine
you may need to select New Partition Table from the options below. This
will erase the disk and provide you with a clean slate. WARNING: This will
destroy any data on the disk selected! Another option is to add a partition
to the disk by selecting Add from the button options. This option requires
that there exists free space on the disk with which to create the partition.
When adding a partition, you may select the place on the disk to create
the partition, the partition size, the filesystem type, and the point in the
filesystem that this partition will be mounted. If you need to modify these
attributes of a partition, you may select Change from the button options.
If there exists partitions that you wish to be rid of, you can select Delete
from the button options to delete the partition. If you wish to return
everything back to its original state you may use the Revert button.
NOTE: This will only work if you have not written changes to the disk.
Under the partitioner there is a menu for selecting the location of the
boot loader's installation. You may select a drive's MBR, indicated by the
device name e.g. /dev/sda, or you may select a partition to install the
boot loader to. The safest option is to install the bootloader to the MBR
of the first disk as the bootloader will intelligently add entries for
installations of Windows and other Linux installs.
NOTE: If you have any NTFS drives, it is important to give these a mount
point during the install. That way they will be easily accessible after the
installation.
The mount point is simply "where" in the file system you want that
partition's files to show up. You can name the mount point what ever you
want, be sure to give it a simple, no spaces lowercase name like eg.
/myntfs do not use /My NTFS.
After completing the partitioning phase of the installation, you are
prompted to set up some personal details about the system. The
installer will continue to work in the background while you are filling out
this information. The first step is to select your time zone. The installer
may detect your time zone based on your location via your ISP's
information. If not, you may select your time zone by either clicking on
your region on the supplied map or by typing in your area in the box
below.
The next step is to select your keyboard language and layout. You may
select the language that your keyboard corresponds to on the left and
any specialized layout on the right. This is the point where you may
select to enable international keys on your keyboard. Though, these
options may be changed later.
On the next screen, you are greeted by several forms to fill. These forms
include:
Your name - your personal name.

Your computer's name - the name that you wish to use to identify the
computer on your network.
Pick a username - your user name that is used to login to the system.
Choose a password - your password that you wish to use for your user
and sudo password.
Confirm your password - enter the above password again.
NOTE: Choose a strong password, a mix of upper and lower case as

well as a mix of numbers and characters. An example of this would be:
y%9L2x#o would be considered a strong password. Use a program like
Keepassx to keep all your passwords safely stored and NEVER use the
same password for different websites. (Keepassx is available for
installation from Menu, System, Install/Remove Software. You do not
need to download it from their website.)
NEVER COMPROMISE YOUR SECURITY FOR CONVENIENCE.
There are also options to enable auto-login for your user or have the
computer prompt you for a password everytime you login.
Note: If you want to encrypt your home folder, do not select the option
'Encrypt my home folder' instead, please follow these instructions here.
If you have a webcam, you may encounter a screen during the install
asking to Take a photo this feature is supported so that when you first
log in, your photo will be displayed as your avatar. If you skip this step,
you can use a .png photo of yourself, rename it to .face and place it in
your /home/user folder.
After finishing all of these steps you will be greeted with a slideshow
detailing all of the features and software that are included in this version
of Linux Lite. You may allow them to play on their own or navigate
through them using the arrow buttons on the sides of the window (the
picture below may vary from version to version).
Once the installation is complete you will be prompted to either restart

your computer and begin using your newly installed Linux Lite system or
to continue using the testing environment on the DVD/USB that you are
using. If for some reason your computer hangs on restart, press F4 or
Enter.
After a reboot you will be greeted by the login screen:
After you have logged in you will see the desktop and Welcome window.
Be sure to read through the Welcome window to get you off to the best
possible start to using Linux Lite.
Congratulations! Now that we've installed Linux Lite, lets take a look at
what's available on the Menu by clicking here.
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Encrypting your Home folder

After a new installation of Linux Lite, you have the option of encrypting
your home folder for added security. You won't be able to encrypt your
home folder while you are logged in. So we're going to add a temporary
user then when we are finished, we'll delete that user.
1. Click on Menu, Settings, User Manager. Click on New User and add
the user tempuser with a password of your choosing. Make sure you tick
the sudo box on the right and click on Apply before closing out User
Manager.
2. Now logout, and login with the user tempuser.
3. Open a terminal and enter the following command to encrypt your

home directory, replacing user with the name of your user account:
Terminal Command:
sudo ecryptfs-migrate-home -u user
4. When this has finished (time to encrypt may vary) you must logout of
tempuser and login as your user. DO NOT reboot.
5. Once logged in as your user, open a terminal and type in:
Terminal Command:
ecryptfs-add-passphrase
and enter your login password.
6. To check that you have successfully created a passphrase, enter the
command:
Terminal Command:
ecryptfs-unwrap-passphrase
7. Clean up time. Open a terminal and enter the following commands:
Terminal Command:
sudo userdel tempuser
Terminal Command:
sudo rm -rf /home/tempuser/
Terminal Command:
sudo rm -rf /home/yourusername.3redf/
When you do the last command, type a dot '.' after your username and
press the tab key to complete the directory name.
Note: Be extremely careful when doing this last command, you run the
risk of deleting your home folder if you do not follow these instructions
to the letter.
Your home folder should now be encrypted. To test, insert a live linux
operating system cd/usb and reboot. Once you are in the live desktop,
you shouldn't be able to browse your encrypted home folder.
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Setting your Language

Here's how to set a language system wide following an install of Linux
Lite.
1. Click on Menu, Settings, Language Support.
2. You will get a dialog box pop up, click on Install.
3. You will then be prompted for your password, enter it to continue.
4. Now click on the button Install / Remove Languages.
5. In this example, we'll install the Portuguese language. Scroll down, find
your language and tick the box next to it, then click on Apply Changes.
Your computer will begin to download all the language files, this may
take a while.
6. Once that is done, scroll to the bottom of the Language for menus and
windows box and drag your newly installed language to the top of the
list. Then click on Apply System-Wide, you'll be prompted for your
password again.
7. Now click on the Regional Formats tab, select the language you just
installed, and click on Apply System-Wide.
8. Now logout and login again and you will see that your new language
has been applied.
Please note that not all programs may not have your language applied. If
this is the case, search for that program in Install/Remove Software and
see if there is a language pack available for it. Also note that after you
have changed your language, some of the Menu items may not be
translated properly. There is little we can do about this, an easy way to
translated properly. There is little we can do about this, an easy way to
rename Menu entries is by going to Menu, Settings, Main Menu and
editing the entries there.
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Enabling TRIM on your SSD

Enabling trim on your SSD will significantly increase its life span. Here's
how to do it on Linux Lite.
CAUTION: You MUST edit the following file with great care, a misplaced
comma, a gap that shouldn't be there or a missing line will cause you
computer to not boot. Take your time and triple check this file for
accuracy before saving it.
Open a terminal and do:
Terminal Command:
sudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab_bak-notrim
When that has finished, in the same terminal do:
Terminal Command:
sudo leafpad /etc/fstab
a file will open that will look similar to this:
Look for every line that contains the word ext4.
At the start on the next block of information, place the characters

noatime, (don't forget the comma) in front.
Do not enable Trim on the swap line.
Do not place noatime, on partitions or drives that are not on the SSD, eg.
IDE or regular hard drives.
Now save and close the file.
Now open a terminal and do:
Terminal Command:
sudo leafpad /etc/rc.local
Above the line exit 0 in that file, add the TRIM command fstrim -v for
every EXT4 partition from your fstab file.
Copy the text below and edit it to match your set up. We include the
creation of a log for you so you can check if trim is performed during
boot up. The log is in /var/log/trim.log
#!/bin/sh -e
#
# rc.local
#
# This script is executed at the end of each multiuser runlevel.
# Make sure that the script will "exit 0" on success or any other
# value on error.
#
# In order to enable or disable this script just change the execution
# bits.
#
# By default this script does nothing.
LOG=/var/log/trim.log
echo *** $(date -R) *** >> $LOG
fstrim -v /boot >> $LOG
fstrim -v / >> $LOG
fstrim -v /home >> $LOG
fstrim -v /sparessd >> $LOG
echo " " >> $LOG
exit 0
We now need to disable the weekly cron job for Trim. Open a terminal
and do:
Terminal Command:
sudo mv -v /etc/cron.weekly/fstrim /fstrim
Trim is now enabled and will run on each boot.
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Mounting Drives & Partitions

EXT4
EXT3
FAT32
If there are partitions on your drive(s) that you did not set-up access for
during the installation process, you can do that afterwards by following
the instructions in this section. The basic procedure includes finding out
the UUID for your partition, making a mount point for it in the file system
and creating an entry in the /etc/fstab file for auto-mounting it on every
boot-up. A 'mount point' is simply 'where' in the file system you want the
partition's files to show up. Most people like to see them in their Home
folder, so that is what the following examples depict.
NTFS
First we need to make a mount point in your home folder. This is where
you will access those files. In your home folder, right click and make a
new folder, in this example we'll call it 'ntfsfiles'. Now onto the next step.
Open a terminal and type: sudo blkid followed by your password. This
will output the uuid's for all your hard drives.
Take the uuid for that drive and place it into /etc/fstab, first we will back
up the fstab file:
Terminal Command:
sudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab.bak
In the terminal still, type in:
Terminal Command:

A text file will open up. Lets say the uuid for our new ntfs drive is:
0463741f-a838-40c8-b40f-3dbb7f988e29. We would enter this into our

fstab as:
UUID=0463741f-a838-40c8-b40f-3dbb7f988e29 /home/user/ntfsfiles ntfs defaults,umask=007,uid=1000,gid=1
You can put the above line anywhere in the fstab file. Make sure you
leave a blank line at the bottom of the fstab file before you save the file.
Substitute your username (in all lowercase letters) where "user" is shown
in the above example. Save the file.
Open a terminal and type:
Terminal Command:
sudo mount -a
If all went to plan, in /home/user/ntfsfiles you should see all your files.
EXT4
new folder, in this example we'll call it 'ext4files'. Now onto the next step.
Terminal Command:
sudo blkid
followed by your password. This will output the uuid's for all your hard
drives.
up the fstab file:
Terminal Command:
Terminal Command:
A text file will open up. Lets say the uuid for our new ext4 drive is -
fstab as:
UUID=0463741f-a838-40c8-b40f-3dbb7f988e29 /home/user/ext4files ext4 defaults 0 2
in the above example. Save the file. Open a terminal and type:
Terminal Command:
sudo mount -a
If all went to plan, in /home/user/ext4files you should see all your files.
EXT3
new folder, in this example we'll call it 'ext3files'. Now onto the next step.
Terminal Command:
sudo blkid
followed by your password. This will output the uuid's for all your hard
drives.
up the fstab file:
Terminal Command:
In the terminal still, type in:
Terminal Command:
A text file will open up. Lets say the uuid for our new ext3 drive is -
fstab as:
UUID=0463741f-a838-40c8-b40f-3dbb7f988e29 /home/user/ext3files ext3 defaults,errors=remount-ro 0 1
Terminal Command:
sudo mount -a
If all went to plan, in /home/user/ext3files you should see all your files.
FAT32
Follow the same general procedure for auto-mounting FAT32 partitions.
First create a mount point in your home folder that will serve as the
access point for the files on that partition. Open the file manager to your
home folder, right-click and make a new folder. This example will name
the folder 'fatfiles'.
Open a terminal and enter this command:
Terminal Command:
sudo blkid
Enter your password when asked.
The command shows the UUID's for all drives and their partitions. Find
the one that corresponds to your FAT32 partition.
Take that UUID and use it to create a new entry in the /etc/fstab file.
First, we will create a backup copy of the file with this command:
Terminal Command:
While still in the terminal, type this command to open the /etc/fstab in
your text editor:
Terminal Command:
The file will be opened in the editor and you can now add your entries for
the FAT32 partition. This example will use the UUID "9CEC-37E5".
(Substitute your correct UUID in place of the example's.)
Add the following line to your /etc/fstab file:
Terminal Command:
UUID=9CEC-37E5 /home/user/fatfiles vfat defaults,uid=1000,gid=100,umask=007 0 0
Make sure you leave a blank line at the bottom of the fstab file before
saving the file. Save the file, then close the editor.
The first line (beginning with '#') is just a comment line describing what
the second line does. The second line is what actually gets implemented.
Terminal Command:
sudo mount -a
If all went to plan, in /home/user/fatfiles you should see all of your files.
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Adding another User

To add another User to Linux Lite, click on Menu, Settings, User
Manager. Then click on New user and enter a name, and the same
password twice.
NOTE: Choose a strong password, a mix of upper and lower case as

well as a mix of numbers and characters. An example of this would be:
y%9L2x#o
would be considered a strong password. Use a program like Keepassx to

keep all your passwords safely stored and NEVER use the same
password for different websites and accounts.
Never compromise your security for convenience.

You will then be asked for your password, enter it and click on Ok to
finish creating the new user account. The new user will have the same
rights as the default user (you) except for Administrator rights meaning
they will be unable to modify system settings such as installing software
and changing system files.
User Permissions
If you want your new user to have Administrator rights, in the right hand
pane scroll down to sudo, place a tick in the box beside it and click on
Apply. You can give the new user other group permissions to by using
this method, but out of the box this should not be necessary as by
default, the application already does all this for you. Now when the new
user next logs in, they will have the same full system rights as you. You
will both be 'Administrators'.
Removing a User
NOTE: Before removing a user account make sure their files are backed
up to a usb device or the cloud first. Removing an account also removes
all that persons documents, pictures, videos, files etc.
This is as easy as selecting the user that you want to remove from the
Select user drop down box, clicking on Remove this user and clicking on
Apply. If you are asked for your password, please enter it and then click
Ok. Next a confirmation box will appear, read the message and if you
want to proceed click on Yes. If you get an error message regarding
/var/mail/youruser this is safe to ignore. The user account and all their
data has now been removed.
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Resetting your Password

Forgot your password? It happens to all of us at some stage. Fortunately
setting it again is fairly straight forward. Lets begin.
Boot up your computer and immediately press and hold down the Shift
key. You should see a screen like this.
Next press the e key whilst that top line is highlighted. This will take you
to the next screen. Use your arrow keys to move down to the line
highlighted in the picture below. Use the arrow key until you reach the
end of that line.
Press the backspace key repeatedly until you remove: ro splash quiet
Press the backspace key repeatedly until you remove: ro splash quiet
$vt_handoff and replace that text with: rw init=/bin/bash so that it looks
like the picture below.
Now press either F10 or Ctrl+X to boot your machine to a command

prompt.
At the prompt, type: passwd jerry where jerry is your username, then
press enter.
You will be asked to type in a new password twice.
Your password has now been changed. Now we are ready to save those
changes, then reboot the computer.Type in: sync then hit enter. Then
type in: reboot -f
Your computer will reboot. If you see the screen shown below again, just
hit enter. This is normal and won't appear the next time you reboot your
computer. You may also not see the boot animation on this boot, this to
is normal and will reappear next time you boot up.
Now login with your password.
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Terminal Basics
Linux Lite is designed to be such that new users won't have to venture
into the terminal to much. But, there will be some occasions where we
need to run the odd terminal command. The following is a very basic
introduction to some of the more common terminal commands that will
help you to navigate around your computer, should you need to.
TIP: instead of typing out the entire name of a file or folder, type the first
few letters and hit your TAB key, this will auto complete the name. This
will save you lots of time but be careful and make sure you have typed
the correct file name. In the examples below 'directory' also means
'folder'.
When you first open a terminal, your location in the file system will be
your home directory. You can confirm that by using the first command
listed below, "pwd". It will show that you are in "/home/username", where
"username" is your actual username.
pwd - shows you the present working directory (the directory you are
currently in). If you get lost, just type "pwd" and it will tell you where you
are in the file system.
ls - display a list of files and directories in the current directory
ls -la - a more comprehensive listing that displays file properties in the

current directory, including hidden files and their properties.
cd - change directory, change to another directory. For instance, if you

are currently located at /home/username and want to go to your
Documents folder, type: cd Documents. If you then type pwd, you will see
that your location is now /home/username/Documents.
cd .. - go back one directory (up to parent directory of your current

location).
cp - copy file to another directory
rm - remove a file or directory
rm -rf - permanently delete a file or directory
mv - rename a file or directory.

You can also use it to move a file from one location to another eg. mv
/home/jerry/file1.doc /home/jerry/Documents
cat - display the contents inside a file
mkdir - make a new folder
rmdir - remove a folder
killall - kill a program with that name
man - read the manual for a particular program (type q to exit the
manual)
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LinuxLiteOs Manual Installation

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HOME

Adding another User

Writing the Linux Lite ISO to a DVD on Windows

BurnAware Free - http://www.burnaware.com

Writing the Linux Lite ISO to USB on Windows

Writing the Linux Lite ISO to USB in Linux and

sudo dd if=linux-lite-2.6-32bit.iso of=/dev/sdx bs=4M

sudo dd if=linux-lite-2.6-64bit.iso of=/dev/sdx bs=4M

Change the x in sdx to match the letter of your USB device.

No USB Boot option in the Bios? Use PloP

Preparing your Computer for the Installation

Choose "Something else" on the "Installation Type" screen during

Installing Linux Lite to your computer

Press any key to see the next screen.

The other options are:

NOTE: Generally we don't recommend ticking Download updates while

Install Linux alongside them - otherwise known as a dual boot. An option

NOTE: This installation option will automatically install the Linux

If you have selected to install Linux Lite alongside an existing copy of

NOTE: FOR ADVANCED USERS ONLY

If the other methods do not fulfill your personal requirements for

Your name - your personal name.

NOTE: Choose a strong password, a mix of upper and lower case as

NEVER COMPROMISE YOUR SECURITY FOR CONVENIENCE.

Once the installation is complete you will be prompted to either restart

Encrypting your Home folder

3. Open a terminal and enter the following command to encrypt your

sudo ecryptfs-migrate-home -u user

5. Once logged in as your user, open a terminal and type in:

and enter your login password.

sudo userdel tempuser

sudo rm -rf /home/tempuser/

sudo rm -rf /home/yourusername.3redf/

Setting your Language

2. You will get a dialog box pop up, click on Install.

4. Now click on the button Install / Remove Languages.

Enabling TRIM on your SSD

Open a terminal and do:

sudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab_bak-notrim

When that has finished, in the same terminal do:

sudo leafpad /etc/fstab

a file will open that will look similar to this:

At the start on the next block of information, place the characters

Do not enable Trim on the swap line.

Now open a terminal and do:

sudo leafpad /etc/rc.local

sudo mv -v /etc/cron.weekly/fstrim /fstrim

Trim is now enabled and will run on each boot.

Mounting Drives & Partitions

sudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab.bak

In the terminal still, type in:

sudo leafpad /etc/fstab

0463741f-a838-40c8-b40f-3dbb7f988e29. We would enter this into our

UUID=0463741f-a838-40c8-b40f-3dbb7f988e29 /home/user/ntfsfiles ntfs defaults,umask=007,uid=1000,gid=1

Open a terminal and type:

Open a terminal and type:

sudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab.bak

sudo leafpad /etc/fstab

UUID=0463741f-a838-40c8-b40f-3dbb7f988e29 /home/user/ext4files ext4 defaults 0 2

Open a terminal and type:

sudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab.bak

In the terminal still, type in:

sudo leafpad /etc/fstab

UUID=0463741f-a838-40c8-b40f-3dbb7f988e29 /home/user/ext3files ext3 defaults,errors=remount-ro 0 1