You are on page 1of 29

Information Technology - Key Concepts

Computer
The term Computer was derived from a
word Compute which means calculate.

Basically Computer can be considered as a


calculating machine.

Computer can be defined as Fast and


accurate electronic machine that accepts data
and instructions from the user and returns the
required information after processing it
Computation Process

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT


Data Information

Data : Raw collection of figures and facts

Information : Processed data


Information Technology

It is "the study, design, development,


implementation, support and management of
computer-based information systems,
particularly software applications and
computer hardware"
IT deals with the use of electronic computers
and computer software to convert, store,
protect, process, transmit and securely
retrieve information.
Computer System

Hardware

Software User
Hardware
Includes all physical components.
Ex. Monitor, keyboard, etc
Software
Set of Programs

Program is set of instructions given to the


computer to perform certain task.

Instruction is an explicit command given to


the Computer to perform a task.
Types of Software

System :
Designed to interact with the hardware directly.
Ex. Operating System, device drivers etc.
Application :
Has a specific user application. Interacts with the
hardware with help of an Operating System.
Ex. Tally
Software Licensing
Proprietary
Off the shelf
OEM
Freeware
Open Source
Paper License
SaaS
General Structure of a Computer System
Working of a Computer System

On Off States : 1 and 0

Numbers Binary

Characters Coding Schemes

Pictures Grid Overlays


Hardware

CPU Peripherals
Input
Output
Storage
Examples :
Input : Keyboard, Mouse, Barcode, RFID, OMR, OCR, MICR etc.
Output : Monitors, Printers etc

Types of Printers :
Impact Dot Matrix
Non Impact Laser, Inkjet
RFID
OMR
OCR
MICR
QR Code
Memory / Storage
RAM
ROM
Cache
Virtual
Secondary storage devices :
Harddisk, Floppies, CDs , Pendrives, Magnetic Tapes,
DAT drives, SAN etc.

Memory measurement metrics :


bit,byte,KB,MB,GB,TB,PB,EB etc
Types of Computers

Super, Mainframe, Micro


PDAs, Tablets, Wearable
Racks, Blades etc
Rack

Blade
Emerging Hardware and Software
Technologies / Trends
Network Computing
Cloud Computing
Virtualization
BYOD
SaaS
Outsourcing
Cloud computing is internet-based
computing in which large groups of
remote servers are networked to allow
the centralized data storage, and online
access to computer services or resources.
Characteristics
Device and location independent
Agile
Easy Maintenance
Multi-tenancy
Performance ( consistent and loosely coupled
architectures, constructed using web services as the
system interface)
Reliability (multiple redundant sites, which makes well-
designed cloud computing suitable for business
continuity and disaster recovery)
Scalability and elasticity via dynamic or on-demand
provisioning of resources on a fine-grained, self-service
basis in near real-time.
Deployment Models
Private - Infrastructure operated solely for a single
organization
Public - services are rendered over a network that is
open for public use. Public cloud services may be free or
offered on a pay-per-usage model. Technically there
may be little or no difference between public and
private cloud architecture, however, security
consideration may be substantially different for services
(applications, storage, and other resources). Generally,
public cloud service providers like Amazon AWS,
Microsoft and Google own and operate the infrastructure
at their data center and access is generally via the
Internet
Hybrid - Hybrid cloud is a composition of two or more
clouds.
Key Challenges in Cloud
Computing
Cloud Computing Environments:
Choosing the right cloud computing environment that is right for our
organization is key to successful cloud engagement (Private, Public or
Hybrid cloud solution)

Security & Privacy :


Strategizing the right security policy and deciding what is stored locally
and what is stored on the cloud is imperative in cloud management.

Governance:
Cloud computing enables speed, agility and innovation. But to achieve
these benefits efficient governance is very important.

You might also like