Donald Tusk

Donald Franciszek Tusk ([dnalt frantik tusk];

born 22 April 1957) is a Polish politician and historian.
He has been President of the European Council since 1
December 2014. Previously he was Prime Minister of
Poland (20072014) and a co-founder and chairman of
the Civic Platform (Platforma Obywatelska) party.[1]
Tusk has been involved in Polish politics since the early
1990s, having founded several political parties and held
elected oce almost continuously since 1991. He was
elected Prime Minister in 2007 and with his Civic Union
partys victory in the 2011 Polish parliamentary election,
he became the rst Prime Minister to be re-elected since
the fall of Communism in Poland.[2]
In 2014, he became President of the European Council. Donald Tusks speech at the second edition of the Annual NBP
He resigned as Polish Prime Minister to take this role, Conference on The Future of the European Economy
having been the longest-serving Prime Minister of the
Third Polish Republic. In 2017, he was re-elected to this
position as the EUs President.
which in the 1991 elections won 37 seats in the lower
house of parliament.[8] The KLD later merged with the
Democratic Union (UD) to become the Freedom Union
1 Early life and education (UW).[8] Tusk became deputy chairman of the new party,
and was elected to the Senate in the next election in
Tusk was born in Gdask in northern Poland.[3] His fa- 1997.[8] In 2001, he co-founded the Civic Platform, and
ther, also named Donald Tusk (19301972), was a car- became deputy speaker in parliament after the party won
penter, and his mother, Ewa (ne Dawidowska) Tusk seats in the years election.[3] in 2005, Tusk was defeated
(19342009),[4][5] was a nurse.[3] His grandfather Jzef in the presidential election by Lech Kaczynski, and the
Tusk (19071987) was a railway ocial who was im- Civic Platform lost Parliament to the Law and Justice
prisoned at the Neuengamme concentration camp; later, party.[3]
as a former citizen of the Free City of Danzig, he was
apparently conscripted by German authorities into the
Wehrmacht.[6]
Tusk got his Scottish rst name because his paternal
grandmother Juliana travelled abroad in her youth and be- 3 Prime Minister (20072014)
came enamoured of a lord called Donald. She gave this
name to her son, who passed it on to her grandson.[7]
Tusk and his Civic Platform party emerged victorious
Tusk credits his interest in politics to watching a clash in the 2007 parliamentary election, defeating incumbent
between workers on strike and riot police when he was Prime Minister Jarosaw Kaczyski's Law and Justice
a teenager.[3] He enrolled at the University of Gdask party with about 44% of the vote to Law and Justices
to study history, and graduated in 1980.[8] While study- 30%.[9] Tusk and his assembled cabinet were sworn in on
ing, he was active in the Students Solidarity Commit- 16 November, as he became the fourteenth prime minis-
tee, a group that opposed Polands communist rule at the ter of the Third Republic.[10]
time.[8]
In the 2011 parliamentary election, Civic Platform re-
tained their Parliamentary majority, giving Tusk a sec-
ond term as Prime Minister and making him Polands
2 Early political career rst PM to win reelection since the fall of communism.[11]
In September 2014, Tusk resigned his position as Prime
Tusk was one of the founders of the Liberal Democratic Minister in order to take the position of President of the
Congress (Kongres Liberalno-Demokratyczny KLD), European Council.[12]

1
2 3 PRIME MINISTER (20072014)

Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk with German Chancellor

Angela Merkel and French President Nicolas Sarkozy

Donald Tusk (right) being appointed as Prime Minister by the

President Lech Kaczyski on 9 November 2007 that Polands current legislation on abortion (which allows
for legal abortion only when the pregnancy threatens the
mothers life or health, when the fetus is seriously mal-
3.1 Domestic policy formed, and when the pregnancy results from rape or in-
cest) protects human life best.[28] Tusk has publicly stated
that he opposes euthanasia[29] and the legalization of mar-
In the 2007 parliamentary election campaign and at an
ijuana.[30]
early stage of his rule Tusk promised to continue the free-
market policies, streamline the bureaucracy, enact long-
term stable governance, cut taxes to attract greater for-
eign business ventures, lure foreign-working Poles back 3.2 European policy
to Poland, and privatise state-owned companies.[13] Later
on in his rule, Tusk changed his views on the role of taxa- In continental policy, Tusk strongly supported greater
tion in the functioning of the state and his government has political and economic integration within the European
never cut any taxes.[14] Instead, it raised the value-added Union, strongly backing the implementation of the
tax from 22% to 23% in 2011[15] and has increased the Lisbon Treaty, standing in stark contrast to President
[31]
excise imposed on diesel oil, alcoholic beverages, tobacco Lech Kaczyski's vehement opposition. Tusk repeat-
and coal [16][17]
as well as eliminated many tax exemp- edly stated his governments intention in bringing Poland
tions.[18][19][20] The number of people employed in the into the Eurozone. Originally wanting to introduce the
public administration has also grown considerably.[21][22] euro by 2012, Tusk envisioned in 2009 a starting year
[32]
As of 2012, the value of foreign investments in Poland of 2015 as a realistic and not overly-ambitious goal.
had never reached its heights from 20062007, before the However, during the European sovereign debt crisis, Tusk
Tusks take-over.[23] The number of Poles staying abroad and his government displayed less optimism in joining
in 2013 was almost the same as in 2007.[24] the monetary union under contemporary economic cir-
cumstances, leading to Finance Minister Jan Vincent-
The construction of a more adequate and larger national Rostowski calling any move unthinkable.[33] Despite
road network in preparation for the UEFA 2012 foot- not being a member of the eurozone, Tusk pressed
ball championships has been a stated priority for the Tusk that Poland, along with the other non-eurozone states
government.[25] of the EU, should be included in future euro nancial
On 27 October 2009, Tusk declared that he wants to par- negotiations.[34]
tially outlaw gambling.[26] Between July and December 2011, Poland under Tusks
During the 2009 swine u pandemic, Tusk defended his government presided over the Presidency of the Council
governments decision not to purchase swine u vaccine, of the European Union.[35] Under its presidency tenure,
citing the lack of testing by pharmaceutical companies Poland supported and welcomed Croatia's entry into
and its unavailability to be purchased freely through the the European Union through the Treaty of Accession
market. Tusk criticised other nations responses to the 2011.[36]
pandemic. The eagerness of some countries seems to be While being a constituent member of the Weimar Trian-
excessive and disproportionate to the real epidemiolog- gle with fellow states Germany and France, Tusk showed
ical situation, Tusk stated, referring to the pandemics displeasure over German Chancellor Angela Merkel's and
relatively low fatality rate.[27] French President Nicolas Sarkozy's dominating roles in
Donald Tusk is moderately conservative on social issues. eurozone negotiations, remarking to Italian newspaper
He is opposed to legalising abortion on demand, believing Corriere della Sera in January 2012 that this should not
3.3 Foreign policy 3

Tusk with Ukrainian politician Vitali Klitschko, 22 March 2014

translate into a lasting political monopoly: things cannot

be left to only two capitals of Europe.[37]

3.3 Foreign policy

In foreign policy, Tusk sought to improve relations

severely damaged during the previous Kaczyski govern-
ment, particularly with Germany and Russia. While he
criticised the words of German politician Erika Steinbach
with regard to her opinion over the expulsion of Germans
from Poland following World War II, Tusk has stressed
the need for warm relations with Berlin.[38] Tusk also ad- Donald Tusk with President of Russia Vladimir Putin in 2008
vocated a more realistic relationship with Moscow, es-
pecially in regard to energy policy.[38] Under Tusks pre-
miership, Russian bans on Polish meat and agricultural
products have been lifted, while Poland reversed its o-
cial policy of disagreement on a European Union-Russian
partnership agreement.[39]
During a speech delivered to the Sejm in the rst weeks
of his premiership, Tusk outlined a proposal to with-
draw military units from Iraq, stating that we will con-
duct this operation keeping in mind that our commitment
to our ally, the United States, has been lived up to and
exceeded.[40] The last Polish military units completed
their withdrawal in October 2008.[41]
In regards to U.S. plans of hosting missile defense shield Donald Tusk with Prime Minister of Spain Jos Luis Rodrguez
bases in the country, Tusk hinted skepticism toward the Zapatero in 2011
project, saying that their presence could potentially in-
crease security risks from Russia, and rejected U.S. oers
in early July 2008.[42] By August, however, Tusk relented, forts of implementing a new controversial constitution.
and supported the missile shield, declaring: We have Tusk stated that the Hungarian constitutions democratic
achieved the main goal. It means our countries, Poland controversies were exaggerated and that Hungary had
and the United States will be more secure.[43] Follow- a European level standard of democracy.[45] Tusks sup-
ing President Barack Obama's decision to scrap and re- port for the Hungarian government garnered a rare show
vise missile defense strategy, Tusk described the move of solidarity with the opposition Law and Justice, which
as a chance to strengthen Polish-US co-operation in de- also publicly displayed support for Orbns eorts.[46]
fense... He said: I took this declaration from President
In early 2012, Tusk announced his support for com-
Obama very seriously and with great satisfaction.[44] mitting Poland to signing the international Anti-
Contrary to the condemnation of foreign governments Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA). In response,
and the leadership of the European Union, Tusk sup- websites for the Chancellery, Sejm and Presidency were
ported Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbn in his ef- hacked in mid-January.[47] Following Anonymous claim
4 3
Donald Tusk with President of the United States Barack Obama
in 2014
Donald Tusk with Prime Minister of Hungary Viktor Orbn in
2014
of responsibility for the web attack, Tusk remained
undeterred by internet protests, authorising the Polish
ambassador in Japan to sign the agreement, yet promised
that nal legislation in the Sejm would not go ahead
without assurances regarding freedom to access the
Internet.[48] Despite the governments guarantees, mass
protests erupted in late January, with demonstrations
held in Warsaw, Krakw, Wrocaw and Kielce.[49][50]
Further web attacks were reported on the website of
Foreign Minister Radek Sikorski.[51]
3.4 Constitutional reform
The Tusk cabinet in Presidential Palace, November 2007.
PRIME MINISTER (20072014)
After being elected prime minister, relations between
Tusk and President Lech Kaczyski were often acrimo-
nious due to dierent political ideologies and the con-
stitutional role of the presidency. Using presidential
veto powers, Kaczyski blocked legislation drafted by
the Tusk government, including pension reform, agri-
cultural and urban zoning plans, and restructuring state
television.[52]
In his premiership, Tusk has proposed various reforms to
the Polish constitution. In 2009, Tusk proposed changes
to the power of the presidency, by abolishing the presi-
dential veto. The president should not have veto power.
People make their decision in elections and then state in-
stitutions should not be in conict, said Tusk.[53] Tusk
again reiterated his desire for constitutional reform in
February 2010, proposing that the presidential veto be
overridden by a simple parliamentary majority rather
than through a three-fths vote. Presidential veto could
not eectively block the will of the majority in parlia-
ment, which won elections and formed the government,
stated Tusk.[54] Further constitutional reforms proposed
by Tusk include reducing the Sejm from a membership
of 460 to 300, not only because of its savings, but also
the excessive number of members causes blurring cer-
tain plans and projects.[54] Similarly, Tusk proposed rad-
ical changes to the Senate, preferring to abolish the upper
house altogether, yet due to constitutional concerns and
demands from the junior coalition Polish Peoples Party
partner, Tusk proposed reducing the Senate from 100 to
49, while including former presidents to sit in the Senate
for political experience and expertise in state matters.[54]
Parliamentary immunity for all members of the Sejm
and Senate would also be stripped, except for in special
situations.[54] In addition, Tusk proposed that the prime
ministers role in foreign policy decisions would be greatly
expanded.[55] By decreasing the presidents role in gover-
nance, executive power would further be concentrated in
the prime minister, directly responsible to the cabinet and
Sejm, as well as avoiding confusion over Polands repre-
sentation at international or EU summits.[56] The opposi-
tion conservative Law and Justice party deeply criticised
Tusks constitutional reform proposals, opting in oppos-
ing legislation for the presidency to garner greater power
over the prime minister.[57]
In an interview with the Financial Times in January 2010,
Tusk was asked if he considered running again as Civic
Platform's candidate for that years presidential election.
Tusk replied that although the presidential election typ-
ically drew the most voters to the polls and remained
Polands most high-proled race, the presidency had lit-
tle political power outside of the veto, and preferred to
remain as prime minister. While not formally excluding
his candidacy, Tusk declared that I would very much like
to continue to work in the government and Civic Plat-
form, because that seems to me to be the key element
in ensuring success in the civilisational race in which we
are engaged.[58] A day after the interview, Tusk formally

announced his intention of staying as prime minister, al-
lowing his party to choose another candidate (and even-
tual winner), Bronisaw Komorowski.[59]
Tusk receiving the Charlemagne Prize
3.5 Honours and awards
The Charlemagne Prize of the city of Aachen was
awarded to Tusk on 13 May 2010 for his merits in the
further unication of Europe and for his role as a pa-
triot and great European. He dedicated the prize to the
people killed in a plane crash of a Polish Air Force Tu-
154 in April 2010 including the Polish president Lech
Kaczyski. The eulogy was given by German chancellor
Angela Merkel.[60]
He was also awarded an Economy Raspberry Award (sim-
ilar to the Golden Raspberry Award in movies) by the
Puls Biznesu (Business Pulse) and organizacja Praco-
dawcw RP (Polish Employers Confederation) awarded
to the persons who had negative inuence in Polish econ-
omy, destroyed entrepreneurship and damaged quality
standards of capital market.[61][62]
In May 2012, he, moreover, received the Walther-
Rathenau-Preis in recognition for his commitment to
European integration during Polands presidency of the 5 Personal life
EU Council in the second half of 2011 and for foster-
ing Polish-German dialogue. In her speech German
Donald Tusk and his wife, Magorzata Sochacka, have
chancellor Angela Merkel praised Tusk as a farsighted
[63] two children: a son, Micha and a daughter, Katarzyna.[3]
European.
Tusk belongs to the Kashubian minority in Poland. In an
Grand Cross Order of the Sun (2008, interview with the Israeli newspaper Haaretz in Decem-
5
Peru)[64][65]
Grand Cross of the Royal Norwegian Order
of Merit (2012, Norway)
Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (2014,
Estonia)[66]
4 President of the European Coun-
cil
Tusk succeeded Herman Van Rompuy as President of the
European Council on 1 December 2014.[67]
Since assuming oce, Tusk has notably worked to pro-
mote a unied European response to Russias military
intervention in Ukraine.[68] Tusk made attempts to co-
ordinate the EUs response to the European migrant
crisis, and warned economic migrants not to come to
Europe.[69][70] Ahead of the UKs EU membership ref-
erendum Tusk warned of dire consequences should the
UK vote to leave.[71] After the vote he perused a hard
line on the UKs withdrawal from the European Union
stating that the countrys only real alternative to a hard
Brexit is no Brexit.[72]
On 31 January, 2017, Tusk wrote an open letter to the
27 EU heads of state or government on the future of the
EU before the Malta summit.[73] In this letter, he stated
the Trump administration presented a threat to the EU
on a par with a newly assertive China, an aggressive Rus-
sia and wars, terror and anarchy in the Middle East and
Africa.[74]
On 9 March 2017, Tusk was re-elected for a second term
to last until 30 November 2019.[75] He received 27 of 28
votes; the one vote against him came from Beata Szydo,
the Prime Minister of Poland.[76] Polish opposition from
its governing right-wing party centered around Tusks ac-
tions in the wake of the 2010 plane crash that killed
then-Polish President Lech Kaczyskicritics said that
Tusks centrist government did not suciently investigate
the cause of the crash.[75][77] Szydo refused to sign the
EU statement issued at the end of the Councils meeting
in protest of Tusks reelection, though other EU leaders
spoke in favor of him; Prime Minister Mark Rutte of the
Netherlands called him a very good president,[77] and
European Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker
and German Prime Minister Angela Merkel both made
statements supporting the vote.[75]
6 7
ber 2008, Tusk compared his own family history to the
Jewish experience, describing the Kashubian minority as
a people who, like the Jews, are people who were born
and live in border areas and were suspected by the Nazis
and by the Communists of being disloyal.[78]
Upon acceding to his position as President of the Euro-
pean Council, Tusk, while being uent in German,[79] [10] Tusk takes over as PM. Polskie Radio. 16 October
was criticised for his poor English skills and no knowl-
[80]
edge of French. Other sources however argue that he
[81]
is quite good in English, and he underwent exten- [11] Poland election: In historic rst, PM gets a second term.
sive linguistics classes in advance of assuming the role of
President.[82]
6 See also
First Cabinet of Donald Tusk
Second Cabinet of Donald Tusk
History of Poland (1989present)
List of political parties in Poland
List of politicians in Poland
Politics of Poland
Polish presidential election, 2005
Polish parliamentary election, 2005
Polish parliamentary election, 2007
Polish parliamentary election, 2011
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8 8 EXTERNAL LINKS

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 9

9 Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

9.1 Text
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bury, LMB, Finlay McWalter, Timrollpickering, Filemon, Ausir, Everyking, Kpalion, Agnus, Tagishsimon, Edcolins, Explendido Rocha,
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mul, Darwinek, Grutness, Philip Cross, Lectonar, Ianblair23, LukeSurl, KTC, Imaginatorium, Woohookitty, Pinball22, WadeSimMiser,
Tabletop, Holek, Kasei-jin~enwiki, Rjwilmsi, Angusmclellan, Lairor, Oscar Sanchez, JanSuchy, RobertG, Colonel Mustard, Witkacy, Rus-
savia, Valentinian, Chobot, DVdm, Volunteer Marek, YurikBot, Vuvar1, Brandmeister (old), Dili, Okedem, Vancouveriensis, Molobo,
Tony1, Syrthiss, Mieciu K, Olcya, Eeksypeeksy, Mrstone, Arthur Rubin, Rms125a@hotmail.com, Jogers, Red Jay, Fram, Curpsbot-
unicodify, Cromag, Appleseed, SmackBot, Karkachev, Jacek Kendysz, Edgar181, Hmains, Pietaster, Barend, GoodDay, Ged UK, Ohcon-
fucius, JLogan, Tymek, Ser Amantio di Nicolao, Miles530, Barry Kent~enwiki, Mr Stephen, Dl2000, Andrew Davidson, Alessandro57,
Porterjoh, Umedard, Themightyquill, Cydebot, Future Perfect at Sunrise, Grahamec, Gogo Dodo, LeoHeska, NorthernThunder, Meaglin,
Thijs!bot, Biruitorul, Fluxbot, A3RO, Therequiembellishere, Dezidor, Escarbot, Mrodowicz, Widefox, Cjs2111, Glentamara, Radzin-
ski, JAnDbot, LeRoc, Rothorpe, Connormah, Drjp2000, Tandrasz, LarsMarius, Waacstats, KConWiki, Ksanyi, Chris G, Rickard Vo-
gelberg, Z-m-k, Xlkce~enwiki, XRiRax, Whiteman, CommonsDelinker, Horvat Den, Ssolbergj, DrKay, Bogey97, Hillock65, Ipigott,
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Luuva, Mai-Sachme, AlleborgoBot, Botev, Lancelot, SieBot, Eonir, Toddst1, Wachholder, Monegasque, Dans, Darth Kalwejt, Unne,
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liers, Ktr101, Muhandes, Maplewooddrive, Jasix~enwiki, The Wicked Twisted Road, Thingg, Versus22, DumZiBoT, Mrlust, Dthomsen8,
Pavel92, HerkusMonte, Passportguy, Addbot, Janmariamazurczak, Vejvanick, Amazong, Ka Faraq Gatri, Cambalachero, Numbo3-bot,
LuK3, Odder, Cozaszit, Drpickem, Luckas-bot, Yobot, Pusior, Amirobot, Yngvadottir, AnomieBOT, Materialscientist, LilHelpa, Mau-
ritsBot, Xqbot, TracyMcClark, Estlandia~enwiki, Maxie-J, Feliciomendes, Tiller54, Swd, Celuici, Tktru, FrescoBot, Tobby72, D'ohBot,
Msamj, BenzolBot, Maciek 18, RedBot, Full-date unlinking bot, Cnwilliams, TobeBot, Trappist the monk, PiRSquared17, A Man from
Poland, Mishae, Slijk, RjwilmsiBot, Ripchip Bot, Spacejam2, EmausBot, Bgeron, Dewritech, Tommy2010, K6ka, Hhhippo, AvicBot, Il-
legitimate Barrister, F, Neun-x, De Jaren, Vittle, Wojgniew, CrimsonBot, Stemoc, DraxXx, H3llBot, IIIraute, David.zok, Staszek Lem,
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Faizan, Epicgenius, Marxistfounder, Wlodekl, Wuerzele, Hobbiiinz, ArmbrustBot, Babitaarora, Rrobi331, yrafa, Oliszydlowski, Park
narodowy, W. P. Uzer, Mokaitenor, Bad Dryer, Beoptylk, Joppa Chong, ALPolitico, SantiLak, Kamil.ryy, Waddell10, Tadeusz Nowak, A
Great Catholic Person, Matcamluc, KH-1, Bohemian Baltimore, Matkec, Clerkishire, Dr JM Mackintosh, FourViolas, YITYNR, Trzec-
imaja, Fanouek kopan, Gag0409, KasparBot, JJMC89, Karoool1, Sro23, Pam-javelin, 36ophiuchi, CAPTAIN RAJU, BTDawg18, Bi-
wom, LandedEagle, South Nashua, Tonybins, DatGuy, GillesLow, InternetArchiveBot, Kavakdere, Entranced98, RafaEl030794, GreenC
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sa-3.0 Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
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nal artist: ?
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Karlspreis_2010-3.JPG License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors:
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File:Donald_Tusk_AB.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4b/Donald_Tusk_AB.jpg License: CC BY-SA
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tributors: ? Original artist: ?
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10 9 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

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2x' data-le-width='202' data-le-height='202' /></a><a href='//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User_talk:MaGa' title='User
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lamanbahasa/sites/default/files/UU_2009_24.pdf) Original artist: Drawn by User:SKopp, rewritten by User:Gabbe
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artist: ?
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nal artist: ?
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legilux.public.lu/leg/a/archives/1993/0731609/0731609.pdf Original artist: Drawn by User:SKopp
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? Original artist: ?
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Contributors: This vector image was created with Inkscape. Original artist: Alex Covarrubias, 9 April 2006
9.2 Images 11

File:Flag_of_Poland.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg License: Public domain Contrib-

utors: ? Original artist: ?
File:Flag_of_Portugal.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg License: Public do-
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File:Flag_of_Romania.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg License: Public do-
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title='wikidata:Q4233718'><img alt='wikidata:Q4233718' src='https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/
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sign by Frederick Brownell, image by Wikimedia Commons users
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svg License: Public domain Contributors:
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cense: Public domain Contributors: Own work Original artist: Zscout370
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12 9 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

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