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SPRING SCHOOL ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE
AND ITS APPLICATION
Hanoi, March 26-31, 2012
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Research on correlated two-nucleon systems in
6
He and 6Li nuclei
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1. Physics motivation
1.1 Interaction Cross Sections and Nuclear Radii of 6,7,8,9,11Li at 790
MeV/u by Prof. I. Tanihata (1985) at Lawrence Berkeley Lab.
at 800 MeV/u
of 9Li fragment 6
The obtained results suggest a cluster
structure for 11Li
11
Li = 9Li-core + 2n: Halo neutron
. 2 valence neutrons are easy to be
separated from the nucleus.
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1.2 Prediction of position of halo nuclei
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Fig. 4 Density
distribution Fig. 5 Correlation between
in 6He separation energy and
nuclear radii in halo neutron
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1.3 Goal of research: Nucleon-nucleon correlation in 6He (-2n)
How is 2N-correlation ?
6
Li
p n
Pn p
P
n n
4
He
P
P2n 4
He
Fig. 6 Li = + np
6
He
4
. For d+p elastic scattering: increase of d/d at very backward scatt. angles is attributed to
nucleon exchange mechanism.
(d, Ed)
(, E)
(n, En)
(d, Ed)
(, E)
(p, Ep)
3. High energy n, p
0o n 30
90 En 200 MeV
4. as spectator
5
E ~ 70 AMeV
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Fig. 12 Kinematics characteristics of reaction products
3. Experimental set-up
Pl1 Pl2
HE-n, p
5o n, p 30o
Be target
9
12
C Primary Beam at 92 AMeV Fig. 13 Schematic view of Experimental set-up
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4. Data analysis procedure
Particle identification
Determination of kinematics characteristics of reaction products: Deuteron (Ed, d),
neutron (En, n) and alpha (E ,)
Reaction cross section
Experimental technique:
i. Time-of-flight (TOF) ~ Mass and velocity
HE-p, n
ii. Energy loss (E) ~ Charge number and energy
slow-d
1. Slow-d: two strip-arrays, Semi-
circular shape to determine d, 1cm- MWPC Beam
thick and 1.4 cm width to measure E,
35 cm from SHT to measure TOF
2. High energy p, n: Thick-plastic wall (10cm thick) to measure E, placed at 70 cm from
SHT to measure TOF
3. -particle: Three layer detectors of plastic scintilators (2, 4 and 2 cm) to measure E,
placed at 100 cm from SHT to measure TOF, MWPC (Multi-wire proportional 16 chamber) to
measure position
4.1 Interfered reactions
Fragmentation of beam particles
6
Li + p slow-d + 3He + d
6
He + p slow-d + 3He + nn
6
Li + p slow-p + n + 4He + p
6
He + p slow-p + n + 4He + n
ONE reaction
Q = -1.47 MeV
6
Li + p +p+d
1n-transfer reaction (two-step process) going through
unbound 5Li (or 5He) decaying into -particle and p (or n)
6
He + p +n+d
Q = 2.03 MeV
Q = -3.44 MeV
6
Li + p 5
Li + d +p+d
6
He + p 5
He + d +n+d
Q = 0.362 MeV
Two-step process
Main interference
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ONE Two-step
Ed (MeV) ~15 ~12
E(MeV/nucl.) ~70 ~80
Ep, n(MeV) ~130 ~85
Pl1 Pl2
HE-n, p
5o n, p 30o
Be target
9
12
C Primary Beam at 92 AMeV Fig. 13 Schematic view of Experimental set-up
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4.2 Beam
identification
For He-beam: impurities are 8,9Li
6
For 6Li-beam: impurities are 4He, 7Be
6
Li
6
He
6
Li
4
He
6
He
8,9
Li
7
Be 4
He
8,9
Li
6
Li
4
He
6
He
Fig. 15. 6He-beam and impurities Fig. 16. 6Li-beam and impurities
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Beam energy
~ 74.6
~ 70.5
SIMULATION
E-layer3
E-layer2
Layers
MWPC
E-layer1 E-layer2
EXPERIMENTAL DATA
E-layer2
Fig. 19
E-layer3
p, d, 3H
Identification of -particles by 3
H, d, p Li
analyzing energy loss
6
3
He
E-layer2
E-layer1 22
4.4 Particle identification by strip detectors
TOF
slow-d
3,4
He) stopping in front strips
2. Intermediate energy (p, d, t)
stopping in str.B
3. High energy (p, d, t)
4. He at low and high
3,4
E-front strip E-rear strip
energies.
Fig. 21 PI by strips using E23
TOF correlation
4.5 Proton and neutron identification by plastic wall
E-front wall
B F
E-back wall
HE-p, n d
d
t d t
p d
p t t
p
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4.6 One-Nucleon Exchange reaction (ONE) analysis
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Data Simulation
74.6
E (MeV/u)
Two-
s tep
ONE
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DISCUSSIONS:
1. The angular dependence of the differential cross section (d/d): A raise of the cross sections
at backward CM angles, i.e. a similar tendency as that observed in the (d, p) elastic
scattering
Fig. 28. Differential cross-section for Fig. 29. Differential cross-section for
the ONE reaction with 6Li beam d+p elastic scattering
K. Sekiguchi, Phys. Rew. C, Volume
Shows a clear evidence for nucleon 65, 034003 (2002)
exchange mechanism at back ward
CM angles 29
It should be noted that in the studied ONE reactions, p( 6He,
4
He+n)d and p(6Li, 4He+p)d, the alpha core is a spectator and
the reaction kinematics is mainly analyzed based on interaction
of the n-n pair in 6He and the n-p pair in 6Li with the proton
target, in a similar scenario as the d + p elastic scattering. As
expected, no reasonable set of optical model parameters could
reproduce the cross section observed in the backward direction
at such a high incident energy. Therefore, this definitely means
that these deuterons are in fact the result of one-neutron
exchange bwt the nucleus and proton-target. As a consequence,
the obtained results made us possible to conclude about an
alpha-core and di-neutron structure in 6He nucleus which is
similar as the well-known structure of alpha core and correlated
n-p pair in 6Li, where the n-p pair plays as a deuteron bound
with the alpha core.
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2. The ratio of the reaction cross sections, Rexp = ONE[p(nn,d)n] /
ONE [p(pn,d)p], was determined 0.27 0.07.
This value is in a good agreement with our theoretical calculations
giving the cross section ratio (Rtheo) between 0.25 and 0.35. The
calculations have been performed under the plane wave impulse
approximation (PWIA) assuming the alpha-2N structure in wave
functions of the 6He and 6Li nuclei:
Rtheo = ONE [p(nn,d)n] / ONE [p(pn,d)p]
= Cnn2 [nn(p)]2 / Cpn2 [pn(p)]2
where nn(p) and pn(p) are the two-nucleon relative momentum
densities in 6He and 6Li at the accessed relative momentum.
Cnn and Cpn express the spin isospin Clebsch-Gordan (CG)
coefficients.
Cnn2 = |<nd||p(nn)>|2 and Cpn2 = |<pd||pd>|2 with = V(f.i)
(f.i), where and are spin and isospin operators, respectively.
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3. The experimental results obtained for
identification of the ONE reaction and two-
step process suggest that the two-step
reaction process may originate from the n-
5
Li and n-5He configurations.
This may be consistent with some previous
research: (i) The three-body 6He breakup
experiment at 240 MeV/u at GSI, where
they showed the larger cross section of
single-neutron knockout (-1n = 127 14
mb for C target and 320 90 mb for Pb
target) compared with two-neutron
knockout (-2n = 33 23 mb for C target
and 180 100 mb for Pb target) (T. Aumann at
al., Phys. Rev. C, Vol. 59, No. 3 (1999) 1252)
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The study on di-neutron elastic transfer in the 4He(6He, 6He)4He reaction has revealed
a small contribution (up to 15 %) of the P-wave part corresponding to the n - 5He
configuration, so called cigar-like, in the 6He wave function
D.T.Khoa et al., Phys. Lett. B 595 (2004) 193
The experiment on the three-body breakup of 6He at energy 240 AMeV at GSI showed
the larger cross section of single-neutron knockout (-1n = 127 14 mb for C target
and 320 90 mb for Pb target) compared with two-neutron knockout (-2n = 33
23 mb for C target and 180 100 mb for Pb target) [8]. The experiment concluded
about a large extent of the 5He ground-state resonance following single-neutron
knockout.
T. Aumann at al., Phys. Rev. C, Vol. 59, No. 3 (1999) 1252.
The shell-model calculations of relevant spectroscopic amplitudes (SA) predicted a
large probability of the n - 5He configuration
R. Wolski et al., Phys Lett. B 467, Yu. F. Smirnov et at., Phys. Rev. C 15 (1977) 84.
Our experimental results for identifying
the ONE reaction and two-step process
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Cross-section of ONE and two-step reactions
Y (counts)
=
36
37
ONE
ONE
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Ht nhn Cu hnh Trng
thi
Li
6
+d 2S1
He
6
+ 2n 2SO
6
Li nhn3He
Ht 6
Li + t 2S1/2
6
He t+t 2S
6
Li l ht nhn bn c cu +1/2pn, nng lng lin kt cp np :
pn = E(4He) + E(1n) + E(1p) - E(6Li) = 2.424 + 8.071+ 7.289 -
14.086 = 3.75 MeV
V d: t th nghim Li(, 2) pn using 118 MeV-beam
6
Ht nhn 6He
1. Nng lng lin kt 2n:
2n = E(4He) + 2xE(1n) - E(6He) = 2.424 + 2x8.071 - 17.595 = 0.97 MeV
2. Phn r
Case 1: Ht nhn 6He phn r- tr thnh 6Li vi T1/2 ~ 800 ms (~ 100%)
Case 2: . Ht nhn 6He phn r- tr thnh 6Li trng thi kch thch o
(virtual state) 41
. Li phn r tip thnh + d
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SEARCH FOR A NEW DOUBLY MAGIC
NUCLEUS AT THE PROTON DRIP LINE
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Each telescope MUST2 is
composed by:
i. A first 300 m thick Si-
trip stage with an active
area of 9.8 x 9.8 cm2
consisting of 128 X
and 128Y strips. The
measurement of the E,
TOF and position is
realized by this Si-strip
detector.
ii. The second stage is 4.5
mm thick-Si(Li) layer to
measure the E
iii. The last one is a 4 cm
thick-CsI crystal detector
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Si:
Tritons passed to CsI and
were assumed to stop fully in
this detector. So, FWHM in
3.2 22
Si spectrum is wider than
E2+ =MeV
3.2 MeV g.s FWHM in 23Si
E2+ = 2 MeV
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Summing plot for the 5 telescopes: The acceptance increases from 45% up to 95%
- A configuration with 4 MUST2 is proposed to measure the light charge particles,
where:
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