Research ofart ic

displacement
of the released structure at the coordinates that occur between t0 and t.
The displacement {D} may be expressed as a sum of four terms:
{D} {D}loads {D}prestress loss {D}shrinkage {D}settlement (4.3)
{D}loads represents the displacements due to creep under the efect of
prestress and other loads introduced at time t0 and sustained at their full
values up to time t, e.g. the structure self-weight. For calculation of the
elements of this vector, multiply the instantaneous displacement at t0 by the
creep coefcient (t, t0). If the loads are applied at t0 and the continuity is
introduced at t1 and we are concerned with the changes in the displacement
between t1 and a later time t2, the creep coefcient would be [(t2, t0)
(t1, t0)].
{D}prestress loss represents the displacements due to creep under the efect of
prestress loss during the period t0 to t. The loss of prestress should not be
ignored in practice when the dead load and the load balanced by the prestress
are of the same order of magnitude and of opposite signs. Thus the accuracy
of the analysis may be sensitive to the accuracy in calculating and accounting
for the efect of prestress loss. Prestress loss may be represented by a set of
forces in the opposite direction to the prestress forces. The prestress loss
develops gradually between time t0 and t; thus, displacement due to the prestress
loss is equal to [1 (t, t0)] times the instantaneous displacement due
to the same forces if they were applied at time t0.
{D}shrinkage and {D}settlement are displacements occurring in the released
statically determinate structure; thus, in this step of analysis no forces are
involved. These displacements are determined by geometry using the shrinkage
or settlement values which would occur without restraint during the
period (t t0).
In the same step (2), also calculate {As}, the changes in the values of the
required actions in the released structure occurring during the same period.
In step 3, generate an age-adjusted fexibility matrix [ f ] composed of the
displacements of the released structure at the coordinates due to unit values
of the redundants. These unit forces are assumed to be introduced gradually
from zero at t0 to unity at t. Any element f ij represents the instantaneous plus
creep displacements at coordinate i due to a unit force gradually introduced
at coordinate j. [ f ] is generated in the same way as [ f ], using for the calculation
of the displacements the age-adjusted modulus of elasticity given