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U s i n g N o n - C o nve nt i o n a l C o u p l i n g
Presented By: Daniel S Fallon
S r. R F E n g i n e e r
FM Combining Basics
Transmitter Intermodulation
Constant impedance filter(CIF) and Brach Combiners
Efficiency for Chebychev and Cross-Coupled
Filters
Source / Load Coupling
Relative advantages and dis-advantages of CIF
and Manifold Combining
2
Intermodulation Generation
Co-site Interference
f2
2 f1 f2
Bandpass Filter
Turn Around reduces both Pf1
Transmitter
Loss (TAL) and PIM
f1
Intermodulation Generation
Channel Combining
Antenna Coaxial
Tee
f2
2 f2 f1
TAL2
Bandpass
Filter Branch Topology
a.k.a. Star Point
2 f1 f2 or Manifold
f1
Intermodulation Generation
Channel Combining
Antenna Constant Impedance Filter (CIF) Topology
a.k.a. Balanced or Directional Filter
Coaxial
Hybrids
Hybrids add 30
to 35 dB of IM
suppression on
top of filter 2 f1 f2 2 f2 f1
rejection and
TAL
TAL1 TAL2
f1 f2
Chebyshev Filters
Sequentially coupled from input to output
Junction Combiner
Directional Combiner
0.0149788486pF
Input_Port Output_Port
89.4581194nH 81.9829373nH l4
32.4806006pF 400kOhm 32.4806006pF 400kOhm 32.4806041pF 400kOhm
0 0 0
reduced increased
0.0149788486pF
Input_Port Output_Port
C40 L42 R43 C50 L49 R48 C53 L52 R51 C56 L55 R54
0 0 0 0
Allows 4 pole to be used for 800 kHz and greater spacing in manifold combiner
New Cross Coupled Filter
Source to Resonator Three Coupling
Implemented with:
99.1
MHz
Loss vs BWr
24 Cavity
3-pole red
4-pole blue
Need 1 MHz BWr
New Source/Load Multi-Resonator Coupling
SOLUTION to an Efficiency Problem
n= 3
VSWR = 1.12
BWr = 1150kHz
Lossfo = .06 dB
New Source/Load Multi-Resonator Coupling
SOLUTION to an Efficiency Problem
Filter loss:
< .16 dB w/o X-coupling
< .06 dB with X-coupling
New Source/Load Multi-Resonator Coupling
SOLUTION to an Efficiency Problem
Manifold Directional
More efficient Less efficient
All channels same VSWR VSWR degrades with distance
All channels same loss Loss degrades with distance
Mainline offers higher voltage safety margin Hybrids limit voltage safety margin
Compact, light and simple Large, heavy and complex
Easy to assemble Difficult to assemble
Easy to test Difficult to test
Easily maintainable Difficult to maintain
Lower cost (by 60%) Higher cost
Simple module design and installation Part intense module design
4-Channel Manifold
Tees spaced n /2
-30 dB
10 Channel LPFM Combiner
In line configuration
10 Channel LPFM Combiner
Actual Data, Post Optimization Return Loss
> -30 dB
10 Channel LPFM Combiner
Actual Data, Post Optimization
Combiner
Channel Loss
92.3MHz .72dB
10 Channel LPFM Combiner
Actual Data, Post Optimization
Combiner
Channel Loss
92.3MHz .72dB
93.9MHz .79dB
10 Channel LPFM Combiner
Actual Data, Post Optimization
Combiner
Channel Loss
92.3MHz .72dB
93.9MHz .79dB
96.3MHz .72dB
10 Channel LPFM Combiner
Actual Data, Post Optimization
Combiner
Channel Loss
92.3MHz .72dB
93.9MHz .79dB
96.3MHz .72dB
97.9MHz .76dB
10 Channel LPFM Combiner
Actual Data, Post Optimization
Combiner
Channel Loss
92.3MHz .72dB
93.9MHz .79dB
96.3MHz .72dB
97.9MHz .76dB
99.5MHz .75dB
10 Channel LPFM Combiner
Actual Data, Post Optimization
Combiner
Channel Loss
92.3MHz .72dB
93.9MHz .79dB
96.3MHz .72dB
97.9MHz .76dB
99.5MHz .75dB
101.1MHz .80dB
10 Channel LPFM Combiner
Actual Data, Post Optimization
Combiner
Channel Loss
92.3MHz .72dB
93.9MHz .79dB
96.3MHz .72dB
97.9MHz .76dB
99.5MHz .75dB
101.1MHz .80dB
102.7MHz .83dB
10 Channel LPFM Combiner
Actual Data, Post Optimization
Combiner
Channel Loss
92.3MHz .72dB
93.9MHz .79dB
96.3MHz .72dB
97.9MHz .76dB
99.5MHz .75dB
101.1MHz .80dB
102.7MHz .83dB
104.3MHz .75dB
10 Channel LPFM Combiner
Actual Data, Post Optimization
Combiner
Channel Loss
92.3MHz .72dB
93.9MHz .79dB
96.3MHz .72dB
97.9MHz .76dB
99.5MHz .75dB
101.1MHz .80dB
102.7MHz .83dB
104.3MHz .75dB
105.9MHz .77dB
10 Channel LPFM Combiner
Actual Data, Post Optimization
Combiner
Channel Loss
92.3MHz .72dB
93.9MHz .79dB
96.3MHz .72dB
97.9MHz .76dB
99.5MHz .75dB
101.1MHz .80dB
102.7MHz .83dB
104.3MHz .75dB
105.9MHz .77dB
107.5MHz .70dB
10 Channel LPFM Combiner
Design/Optimization Time
VSWR < 1.06:1 < 1.1;1 (1st , takes a beating for others )
< 1.16:1 ( 10th, pays dearly for position)
Loss, f0 < .35 dB < .35 dB (1st and keeping quite about it)
< .95 dB (10th no beer money left)