Assessment:!

! Format! (1!%)! !
!
! Method! (1!%)! !
! Data! (2!%)! !
!
! Analysis!of! !
(2!%)!
! Data!
UNIVERSITI)TEKNOLOGI)MARA)) Discussion! (2!%)! !
KAMPUS)NEGERI)SEMBILAN
Conclusion! (1!%)! !
) Questions! (1%)! !

PHY082) TOTAL)(10)m)! !

Physics)II) Weightage):)10%) !

)
LABORATORY)REPORT)
!
Programme!code!and!
PD0072A2
group!
Number!and!title!of!
experiment! Experiment 2: Acceleration due to gravity, g
!
Date!of!experiment!
29 June 2015
!
Date!of!report!submission!
6 July 2015
!
Name! Ahmad Adam
Muhammad Nizam Bin Yusuf
!
Member!1!
Muhammad
Muhammad Farkhan
Farkhan Bin Salim
!
Member!2! Ahmad
Ahmad SyafiqSyafiq
AimanAiman
Bin Zulkifli
!
Member!3!
MuhammadMuhammad
Hafizzul FitriHafizzul
Bin MohdFitriAbd. Hakim
!
Name!of!lab!instructor!
Puan SitiPUAN
Zaubidah binti Abdullah
SITI ZAUBIDAH
!
TITLE :
Acceleration due to gravity, g.

OBJECTIVE :
Determine the acceleration due to gravity, g a simple pendulum.

APPRATUS :
i.! Stopwatch
ii.! Meter rule
iii.! Retort stand
iv.! Clamp
v.! String
vi.! Pendulum bob
vii.! Graph paper

THEORY :
The period of a simple pendulum (T) is related to its length (L) by following equation:

(
%= 2& .(i)
)
!

where g is acceleration due to gravity.

Squaring both sides, esults in the following equation :

(
! " = 4#& " (ii) !
)

and rewrite the equation, leads :

*+"
! " =# $ (iii)
)
!

Therefore, g can be determined from the gradient of a straight line graph of ! "
versus#$.
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
y

y=mx!+!c!is!the!equation!for!
this!straight!line!graph!

The gradient of the graph gives:

*+"
, =# (iv)
)
!

And the g is obtained by using equation:

*+"
-#=# (v)!
.

% difference of the value is obtained by using this equation :

)9:;9<=>9?@ ##_##)B@C?DC<D
!!!%#0122343563 = 8 E###100(vi)
)B@C?DC<D
!
APPARATUS DIAGRAM :

FIGURE 1A - Side View FIGURE 1B - Front View

PROCEDURE :

1.! A pendulum bob is tied up to a clamp on a retort stand with a string of length
L = 90.0 cm as shown in Figure 1A.
2.! The pendulum is made to oscillate a small angle as shown in Figure 1B and the
time for this pendulum to make 5 complete oscillation is taken.
3.! Record the data in the table.
4.! Step 1, 2 and 3 are repeated with a string of length 90 cm, 80 cm, 70 cm, 60 cm,
50 cm, 40 cm, 30 cm, 20 cm, 10 cm.
5.! The period of the pendulum (the time for one complete oscillation) is calculated
for each length by dividing the time for 5 oscillations by 5.
DATA :

Length L (m) Time For 10 Oscillations Period T !"

cm m s s J"
90 0.09 19.37 19.75 19.60 1.96 3.84
80 0.08 18.69 18.44 18.60 1.86 3.46
70 0.07 17.12 16.69 16.9 1.69 2.86
60 0.06 15.94 15.50 15.72 1.57 2.46
50 0.05 14.95 14.31 14.63 1.46 2.13
40 0.04 13.00 12.69 12.85 1.29 1.66
30 0.03 11.31 11.25 11.28 1.13 1.28
20 0.02 9.25 9.44 9.35 0.94 0.88
10 0.01 7.19 7.06 7.13 0.71 0.50

CALCULATIONS :

a)! Plot the graph ! " (s) versus L (m) on a graph paper.

b)! From the graph, find the gradient (m) of the straight line.
#

T" TV
Gradient, , =
W" WV
!
2.86 2.46
, =# !
0.7 #0.6
!
, = 4!
!
 c)! Find the value of g by using equations (iv).

!
4& "
- =# !
,
!
4(&)"
- =# !
4
- = 9.87#,J `" !
!

DISCUSSIONS :
During the experiment, the value of the length of the string is manipulated.
Theoretically, the increase the length, L of the string, the increase the period. The
stopwatch was started as soon as the pendulum bob is released and is stopped as
soon as the pendulum bob completed 10 oscillations. The reading for 10 oscillation is
measured 2 times and averaged to get average reading. The average reading were
taken mainly to get more precise value beside eliminating human error present during
the experiment.

In the experiment, the type of stopwatch used is electronic stopwatch thus eliminating
any systematic error present in the experiment. Also, the length of the string is
accurately measured using meter ruler thus avoiding human error present in the
experiment. The value, ^ taken from the experiment is 9.87#,J `" is near to the to the
actual value which is 9.81#,J `" .

CONCLUSION :
The acceleration due to gravity, g is 9.87#,J `"
QUESTIONS :

1.! Compare the value ^ obtained from the experiment and the standard value
(^=9.81m/cd ).

The value, g obtained from the experiment is 9.87#,J `" while the standard value is
9.87#,J `" . Thus, the difference between the two value is:

9.87#,J `" - 9.81#,J `" = 0.06#,J `"

!

2.! Give some reasons why the value, ^ taken from the experiment different from
the standard value.
The value, of the taken from the experiment which is 9.87#,J `" differs from the
standard value which mainly due to human error present during the experiment were
conducted.

3.! Using equation (vii), find the % different from the value, ^.

!
! -fghfij.fkl ##_##-mlnkonio
%#0122343563 = e p###100!
-mlnkonio
!
3.87 3.81
=# #x#100!
9.81
!
=!0.61%!