1.

0 QUESTION

1. Verify the force of the stream on either side of the jump is the same and that the

specific energy curve predicts a loss equal to H /dc .

Fbefore =F after

2. Suggest application where the loss of energy in hydraulic jump would be

desirable. How is the energy dissipated?

The hydraulic jump flow process can be illustrated by use of the specific energy
concept. Equation energy dissipated can be written in the term of the total head loss:
V a2 V b2
H=d a +
2g (
db+
2g )
da Va
Where is the depth of flow before hydraulic jump (m), is the mean

Vb
velocity before jump (m/s), is the mean velocity after hydraulic jump (m) and

db
is the depth of flow after hydraulic jump (m).

2.0 DISCUSSION
A hydraulic jump can be viewed as discontinuous waves of all frequencies
(wavelengths), which are generated and propagate from a point near the jump. The
waves propagate both upstream and downstream. Since a large fraction of the waves
fall in a wavelength range where they are shallow water gravity waves that move at
the same speed for a given depth, they move upstream at the same rate.

However as the water shallows upstream, their speed drops quickly, limiting
the rate at which they can propagate upstream. Shorter wavelengths, which propagate
more slowly than the speed of the wave in the deeper downstream water, are swept
away downstream. A fairly wide range of wavelengths and frequencies are still
 present, so Fourier would suggest that a relatively abrupt wave front can be formed
and this is indeed observed in practice.

One of the most important engineering applications of the hydraulic jump is to

dissipate energy in channels, dam spillways, and similar structures so that the excess
kinetic energy does not damage these structures. The energy dissipation or loss across
a hydraulic jump is a function of the magnitude of the jump. The larger the jump as
expressed in the fraction of final height to initial height, the greater the head loss.
Some of the errors occurred during measurements by taking erroneous reading of
depths and in operation of sluice gates.

3.0 CONCLUSION
The conclusion from this experiment, we can investigate the characteristic a
standing wave (the hydraulic jump) produced when water beneath an undershot weir
and observe the flow patterns obtained. From the experiment, we can get the force at
weir opening. In the water channel, water following rapidly changes to slower tranquil
flow a hydraulic jump or standing wave is produced. This phenomenon can be seen
where water shooting under a sluice gate mixes with deeper water downstream. It
occurs when a depth less than critical changes to a depth which are greater than
critical and must be accompanied by loss of energy.