1

History 1378 Review Questions for Third Examination Fall 2016

The final examination will cover chapters 23-28 in the Brinkley text, powerpoints
and notes on Blackboard. There will be no information required for the Bad Blood
book. In addition, the multiple-choice questions will consist 70% of the final exam
and the extended essay will count for 30 % of the test. There will be no short or
restrictive essay (see essay review section).

Part I Multiple-Choice Questions (70 points):

1. Throughout 1928, the American stock market

A. saw the number of shares traded daily soar.
B. saw the average price of stocks rise slightly.
C. had slowly been declining in value.
D. had rapidly been losing in value.
E. saw brokerage firms restrict credit to those buying stocks.

2. On October 29, 1929, the American stock market

A. saw fewer than one million shares of stock traded.
B. lost all the gains of the previous year.
C. experienced its first sharp decline in values since the war.
D. was forced to suspend business because of staggering declines in values.
E. rebounded slightly from the tremendous losses of Black Thursday.

3. All of the following factors were causes of the Great Depression

EXCEPT
A. an unstable European economy.
B. a lack of diversification in the United States economy.
C. a misdistribution of purchasing power.
D. conservative banking policies that restricted the availability of loans.
E. weak consumer demand.

4. In the late 1920s, the European demand for agricultural and

manufacturing goods from the United States was
A. rising.
B. steady.
C. declining.
D. chronically unstable.
E. essentially nonexistent.

5. After 1929, in the face of the worsening global economic crisis, the
United States
A. reduced the debts owed by European nations to America.
B. forgave the debts owed by European nations to America.
C. demanded immediate payment of all debts owed by European nations to
America.
D. refused to alter the payment schedule of debts owed by European nations to
America.
 2

E. forgave the debts owed by former allies during the war, and reduced the
debts of other nations.

6. In 1931, the severity of the Depression increased when the Federal

Reserve Board
A. closed all financially-ailing banks.
B. declared bankruptcy.
C. weakened the value of the dollar.
D. expanded the money supply.
E. raised interest rates.

7. In 1932, the unemployment rate in Toledo, Ohio, was one of the

worst in the nation at
A. 40 percent.
B. 60 percent.
C. 70 percent.
D. 80 percent.
E. 95 percent.

8. During the Great Depression, in the rural United States

A. one-third of all farmers lost their land.
B. farm income dropped by 25 percent.
C. the economic conditions were slightly better than in industrial cities.
D. the farm economy could not keep up with consumer demand.
E. farmers enjoyed several unusually fertile growing seasons.

9. In the 1930s, the Dust Bowl.

A. was created by the national economic collapse.
B. stretched from Kansas to California.
C. experienced years of heavy rainfall.
D. was created by grasshoppers.
E. was a product of changing environmental conditions.

10. During the 1930s, southern rural blacks who moved to northern
urban areas
A. were denied all forms of public relief assistance.
B. generally experienced better economic conditions.
C. could still find domestic service jobs no whites wanted.
D. were denied all forms of public relief assistance, but could find domestic
service jobs no whites wanted.
E. None of these answers is correct.

11. The 1931 Scottsboro court case saw

A. black teenagers accused of rape by two white women.
B. a Georgia jury convict all of the black youths.
C. the Supreme Court reaffirm the death penalty convictions.
D. eight of the convicted youths executed for crimes they did not commit.
E. All these answers are correct.
 3

12. In response to the Great Depression, many Mexican Americans

A. migrated to the South.
B. left the United States entirely.
C. moved into California.
D. successfully organized agricultural unions.
E. migrated into rural areas, where work was more available.

13. In the 1930s, the largest Japanese- and Chinese-American

populations were found in
A. Oregon.
B. Arizona.
C. Washington.
D. Hawaii.
E. California.

14. During the Great Depression, Asian Americans

A. unlike blacks and Hispanics were generally able to keep from losing their jobs
to white Americans.
B. who were college educated generally weathered the crisis fairly well.
C. had trouble competing for jobs with poor white migrants from the Midwest.
D. were limited by law to low-paying jobs such as salesclerks and food servers.
E. found it easier to move into mainstream professions.

15. For women, the economic pressures caused by the Great Depression
A. weakened the notion that a womans proper place was in the home.
B. saw men move into jobs traditionally held by professional women.
C. forced most women out of the labor force.
D. saw the federal government make it illegal for married women to work
outside the home.
E. affected service and clerical positions held by women more than they did jobs
in heavy industry.

16. During the Great Depression,

A. the divorce rate declined.
B. the marriage rate increased.
C. the birth rate increased.
D. both the marriage rate and the birth rate increased.
E. All these answers are correct.

17. As a result of the Great Depression, social values in the United

States
A. saw Americans embrace nearly any idea that was new or nontraditional.
B. saw a majority of Americans question the future of democracy.
C. seemed to change relatively little.
 4

D. saw most Americans turn against the traditional success ethic.

E. saw the idea of individual initiative fall into disrepute.

18. In the 1930s, Dale Carnegies How to Win Friends and Influence
People
A. claimed community togetherness was the best way to combat hard times.
B. argued the best way to end the Depression was for working-class men and
women to run for office.
C. asserted that a strong faith in Christianity would best help one through hard
times.
D. gave financial advice and offered tips when going to a job interview.
E. taught that individual initiative could help people to restore themselves
financially.

19. During the 1930s, regarding radio,

A. the largest proportion of programming was devoted to news.
B. most programs were increasingly prerecorded.
C. around half of all American homes owned a radio.
D. listening was often a community experience.
E. radio sets were basically unusable in rural areas without electricity.

20. In the 1930s, all of the following films offered social commentary on
the United States and the Great Depression EXCEPT
A. Our Daily Bread.
B. It Happened One Night.
C. The Grapes of Wrath.
D. Mr. Smith Goes to Washington.
E. Mr. Deeds Goes to Town.

21. In the 1930s, the director Frank Capra typically displayed in his films
A. a populist admiration for ordinary Americans.
B. the cultural backwardness of small towns in America.
C. praise for the rugged individualism of American business.
D. the grasping materialism of most Americans.
E. a harsh critique of the heartlessness of capitalism.

22. During the 1930s, American literature

A. offered a greater degree of social commentary than did either radio or
movies.
B. saw most popular books and magazines focus on the Great Depression.
C. saw photographic magazines lose much of their readership due to the high
cost of each issue.
D. faced censorship laws that suppressed criticisms of American politics and
culture.
 5

E. adopted a more pessimistic, although no less radical, approach to society in

the later 1930s.

23. During the 1930s, the most important group within the Popular Front
was the
A. Socialist Party.
B. Federation of Labor.
C. Communist Party.
D. Progressive Party.
E. Americans for Democratic Action.

24. The Abraham Lincoln Brigade is associated with

A. the radical Right.
B. the Spanish Civil War.
C. veterans of World War I.
D. the bonus marchers.
E. the Civilian Conservation Corps.

25. During the 1930s, the Southern Tenant Farmers Union

A. sought to organize the rural poor across racial lines.
B. was formed by the American Communist Party.
C. concerned the federal government as a powerful force of rural radicalism.
D. both sought to organize the rural poor across racial lines, and concerned the
federal government as a powerful force of rural radicalism.
E. All these answers are correct.

26. As Herbert Hoover began his presidency, he

A. considered the country to have a bright economic future.
B. assumed the economy might suffer a mild recession.
C. feared a depression.
D. called for voluntary guidelines to stabilize the stock market.
E. renounced his earlier policy of associationalism.

27. President Herbert Hoover responded to the onset of the Great

Depression by
A. proposing a series of economic reform programs.
B. shutting down the bank system until confidence in it could be restored.
C. urging voluntary cooperation from business leaders.
D. calling for a tax increase to prevent a federal deficit.
E. calling for a system of social security to alleviate individual suffering.

28. As the Depression deepened, President Herbert Hoover

A. encouraged businessmen to reduce their industrial production.
B. grew less willing to increase federal spending.
C. began to experiment with untried economic principles.
D. called for a reduction in taxes.
 6

E. stopped worrying about trying to balance the budget.

29. After Democrats won control of Congress in the 1930 elections,

President Herbert Hoover
A. criticized voters for abandoning the economic principles of the Republican
Party.
B. told reporters that his economic recovery policies had not been successful.
C. urged the new Congress to construct Hoovervilles to shelter the
unemployed.
D. refused to support a more vigorous public spending program for relief.
E. deferred to their economic agenda of relief and public spending programs.

30. The Reconstruction Finance Corporation

A. was intended to provide federal loans to troubled banks and businesses.
B. was created in the last year of Herbert Hoovers administration.
C. included a $1.5 billion public works budget.
D. both included a $1.5 billion public works budget, and was intended to provide
federal loans to troubled banks and businesses.
E. All these answers are correct.

31. In 1932, the Farmers Holiday Association

A. began and spread throughout the South.
B. was essentially a farmers strike.
C. led to more public money being sent to rural areas.
D. called on farmers to leave their lands unplanted.
E. argued that farmers should also reap the benefits of welfare capitalism.

32. All of the following statements regarding the 1932 Bonus Army
are true EXCEPT that
A. Hoover called some marchers behavior evidence of uncontrolled violence
and radicalism.
B. several thousand American veterans camped out in Washington D.C.
C. Congress refused to formally consider the demands of the Army.
D. many Americans viewed President Hoover as unsympathetic to the veterans.
E. the Army demanded Congress create relief programs for World War I
veterans.

33. The federal governments response to the Bonus Army included

A. the use of six tanks to rout the veterans from Washington.
B. General Douglas MacArthur exceeding his orders to remove the veterans.
C. the injuring of over 100 marchers.
D. both the use of six tanks to rout the veterans from Washington, and the
injuring of over 100 marchers.
E. All these answers are correct.
 7

34. Prior to 1932, Franklin Roosevelt had been all of the following
EXCEPT
A. assistant secretary of the Navy.
B. vice president of the United States.
C. governor of New York.
D. a state legislator.
E. a Hudson Valley aristocrat.

35. Between his election in 1932 and the inauguration in 1933, Franklin
Roosevelt
A. declared he would dramatically increase government spending.
B. promised to maintain a balanced federal budget.
C. made no public statements.
D. refused to make any agreements with the outgoing president, Herbert
Hoover.
E. began laying the groundwork for his social security legislation.

36. In response to President Franklin Roosevelts first days in office, the

American people
A. believed the Depression was largely over.
B. felt a mixture of relief and hope.
C. concluded the economy was not as bad off as they once had believed.
D. felt the Hoover administration must be held accountable for the economic
crisis.
E. began to believe they had made a mistake in voting for Roosevelt.

37. In 1933, two days after he took office, President Franklin Roosevelt
A. took the country off the gold standard.
B. ended prohibition.
C. sent the National Industrial Recovery Act to Congress.
D. presented to Congress a relief plan for the unemployed.
E. closed all banks.

38. The Glass-Steagall Act of 1933 established

A. the Federal Reserve Board in Washington.
B. the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.
C. the Securities and Exchange Commission.
D. both the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and the Securities and
Exchange Commission.
E. None of these answers is correct.

39. In 1933, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

A. offered financial protection for stock investors.
B. gave the government authority to transfer the funds of failing banks to strong
banks.
C. protected the assets of small bank depositors.
 8

D. protected banks from failing.

E. prevented banks from speculating irresponsibly.

40. To oversee activities in the stock market, in 1934, Congress

established the
A. Securities and Exchange Commission.
B. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.
C. Federal Reserve Board.
D. Glass-Steagall Act.
E. Federal Emergency Relief Association.

41. The Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933

A. sought to raise crop prices by paying farmers not to plant.
B. set minimum prices for retailers purchasing farm products.
C. provided farmers with free seed and fertilizer.
D. offered financial incentives to farmers who improved their production yields.
E. created government warehouses where farmers could store their crops and
use them as collateral.

42. The Agricultural Adjustment Act

A. favored small farm operations over large ones.
B. fostered further instability in the agricultural economy.
C. protected tenant farmers.
D. failed to improve farm prices.
E. was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.

43. The New Deal program that created utility cooperatives for rural
Americans was the
A. Resettlement Administration.
B. Farm Security Administration.
C. Rural Electrification Administration.
D. Civilian Conservation Corps.
E. Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act.

44. The National Recovery Administration of 1933 did all of the following
EXCEPT
A. establish a minimum wage for labor.
B. make child industrial labor illegal.
C. set a standard for the maximum hours one could work in a week.
D. increase competition between companies.
E. set floors under prices.

45. The Tennessee Valley Authority of 1933

A. saw private farmers and business leaders dominate its planning process.
B. was the most controversial program of the early New Deal.
 9

C. was one of the costliest failures of the Roosevelt administration.

D. was headed by former electricity magnate Samuel Insull.
E. was an experiment in regional planning by the federal government.

46. Which of the following did NOT occur as a result of the Tennessee
Valley Authority?
A. Flooding was almost entirely eliminated in the affected region.
B. The cost of power from private companies declined.
C. Poverty in the region was significantly reduced.
D. Water transportation was improved.
E. Electricity was provided to thousands of new users.

47. The Civilian Conservation Corps

A. was racially integrated.
B. put the unemployed to work on rural and wilderness areas.
C. included women.
D. mostly employed the jobless rural poor.
E. passed Congress despite Roosevelts ambivalence about the project.

48. In 1934, strong criticism of the New Deal came from

A. the political far right.
B. the political far left.
C. dissident populists such as Huey Long.
D. both the political far right and the political far left.
E. All these answers are correct.

49. In 1934, the American Liberty League was formed

A. to help win public support for the more controversial New Deal programs.
B. by western business leaders who felt ignored by the New Deal.
C. to unite southerners who opposed the New Deals support of unions.
D. by a coalition of radical and semi-radical organizations, including the Socialist
Party.
E. by wealthy conservatives who strongly opposed the New Deal.

50. In 1934, Dr. Francis Townsend attracted widespread national support

for a plan that
A. offered medical insurance for the poor and elderly.
B. was strongly supported by Congress.
C. helped pave the way for the Social Security system.
D. guaranteed all able-bodied Americans over age twenty-one a full-time job.
E. provided below-cost health care to children and pregnant women.

51. Much of Father Charles Coughlins outspoken criticism of the

Roosevelt administration revolved around the issue of
 10

A. the right of labor to organize in unions.

B. giving public relief jobs to women with children.
C. the repeal of prohibition.
D. changing the banking and currency system.
E. taxing excess corporate profits and surplus riches.

52. In 1935, Senator Huey Long

A. advocated a flat tax plan.
B. had a strong record of progressive accomplishments.
C. had as much popular support as Franklin Roosevelt, according to opinion
polls.
D. declared he would seek the Democratic nomination for president in 1936.
E. advocated a $200 monthly pension for all Americans over the age of sixty.

53. The Second New Deal was launched in response to

A. the growth of popular protests across the nation.
B. the persistence of the Great Depression.
C. growing political pressures.
D. both the persistence of the Great Depression and growing political pressures.
E. All these answers are correct.

54. All of the following programs were part of the Second New Deal
EXCEPT
A. the Federal Emergency Relief Administration.
B. the Wagner Act.
C. the Holding Company Act.
D. the Social Security Act.
E. the National Labor Relations Act.

55. During the Second New Deal, President Franklin Roosevelt

A. moved away from altering the income tax.
B. called for greater civil rights for American minority groups.
C. introduced government-funded unemployment checks.
D. rejected legislative attempts by Senator Robert Wagner to strengthen labor.
E. became more willing to attack corporate interests openly.

56. The National Labor Relations Act of 1935

A. ended the labor practice of a closed shop.
B. gave government the authority to force employers to accept labor unions.
C. enforced the labor practice of an open shop.
D. resulted in the Supreme Courts striking down of the Wagner Act.
E. invalidated Section 7(a) of the National Industrial Recovery Act.

57. In the 1930s, industrial unionism was

A. considerably strengthened by New Deal legislation.
 11

B. supported by the American Federation of Labor.

C. opposed by labor leaders such as John L. Lewis.
D. generally hostile to blacks and women.
E. losing support among unskilled laborers.

58. In the 1930s, the industrial union movement

A. was most interested in attracting skilled laborers.
B. decided it was better to organize by companies than by entire industries.
C. grew more militant and powerful.
D. saw many of its leaders take top executive jobs in major companies.
E. became the dominant force in the American Federation of Labor.

59. In the 1930s, the Congress of Industrial Organization

A. grew out of a dispute within the American Federation of Labor.
B. was less militant than the American Federation of Labor.
C. would not accept women or blacks as members.
D. confined its organizing to the steel and coal industries.
E. refused to get involved in organizing the automobile industry.

60. During the 1930s, the sit-down strike

A. was first used in the steel industry.
B. was a new and controversial labor tactic.
C. was upheld by the courts and state governments.
D. was eventually broken by the Michigan National Guard.
E. All these answers are correct.

61. During the 1937 sit-down strike of General Motors, the federal
government
A. actively sided with the strikers.
B. actively sided with the company.
C. assumed control of the plant.
D. negotiated a settlement through federal arbitration.
E. refused to intervene in the dispute.

62. The Social Security Act of 1935

A. initially only offered a pension for retired workers.
B. did not begin making payments to participants for years.
C. covered all full-time working American citizens.
D. was opposed by President Franklin Roosevelt as being too costly.
E. originally included a program for universal health care.

63. In 1937, regarding the organizing of industrial labor,

A. small steel companies more quickly unionized than did large steel companies.
B. the effort to organize the steel industry proved easier than in the auto
industry.
C. the Memorial Day Massacre saw striking U.S. Steel employees killed by
police.
D. the great majority of strikes were settled in favor of the unions.
E. a key strike against Republic Steel of Chicago succeeded in winning union
recognition.
 12

64. The Works Progress Administration provided federal assistance to

A. artists and sculptors.
B. actors and directors.
C. writers and musicians.
D. all of these: artists, sculptors, writers, and musicians.
E. All these answers are correct.

65. In the 1930s, the New Deal generally gave

A. work relief to both men and women.
B. cash assistance to both men and women.
C. work relief to women and cash assistance to men.
D. work relief to men and cash assistance to women.
E. both work relief and cash assistance to men and women.

66. The election of 1936

A. saw Franklin Roosevelt opposed by the Republican, William Lemke.
B. was considered too close to call by opinion polls in the weeks prior to the
vote.
C. produced a new and enduring coalition of voters for the Democratic Party.
D. saw third-party challengers play a major role in the outcome.
E. saw the Republican challenger pick up considerable gains in the formerly
Solid South.

67. All of the following groups were part of the New Deal political
coalition EXCEPT
A. big business owners.
B. the working class.
C. urban blacks.
D. western and southern farmers.
E. liberals and progressives.

68. In 1937, President Franklin Roosevelts call to expand the Supreme

Court came from
A. complaints by several justices that they were being overworked.
B. a desire not to have to choose between two different popular candidates for
Chief Justice.
C. a Democratic plan to gain for the party permanent control of the federal
government.
D. his opinion that the Court needed to review a larger number of cases.
E. his desire to change the ideological balance of the Court.

69. In response to economic indices in the summer of 1937, Franklin

Roosevelt decided
A. that there should be a sharp increase in New Deal spending.
 13

B. the federal government would never be able to end the Depression.

C. the federal work programs would have to be continued indefinitely.
D. that he should try to balance the federal budget.
E. that Social Security should be expanded to include agricultural and domestic
laborers.

70. During the recession of 1937,

A. Congressional Republicans took most of the blame.
B. the economy was as bad as during the worst period of the Hoover
administration.
C. industrial production faltered but employment remained steady.
D. it became apparent that New Deal programs made little impact on economic
conditions.
E. Roosevelt tried to mitigate the damage by reducing spending.

71. The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938

A. signified the start of a new round of New Deal legislation.
B. sought to eliminate hiring discrimination based on race, but not gender.
C. did not include a provision regarding working hours.
D. established a national minimum wage.
E. created an enforcement mechanism to protect unions right to organize.

72. Under the New Deal, African Americans

A. were generally treated equally with other races.
B. received no significant appointments in the Roosevelt White House.
C. received more sympathy than under most previous administrations.
D. were able to challenge many patterns of race discrimination effectively.
E. found the government hostile to black aspirations.

73. The most influential advocate for African Americans in the Roosevelt
administration was
A. Frances Perkins.
B. Harold Ickes.
C. Harry Hopkins.
D. Eleanor Roosevelt.
E. Mary McLeod Bethune.

74. African Americans employed by New Deal relief programs

A. were paid the same wages as whites doing the same jobs.
B. were among the first to be released when funds ran out.
C. saw existing patterns of discrimination dismantled.
D. were both paid the same wages as whites doing the same jobs, and among
the first to be released when funds ran out.
E. All these answers are correct.

75. Frances Perkins, the first female cabinet member in American

history, was secretary of
A. commerce.
B. agriculture.
C. labor.
 14

D. health and human services.

E. education.

76. One of the major effects the New Deal had on the United States was
how it
A. fostered stronger and more varied interest groups.
B. created a unified, government-controlled economy.
C. created a harmonious, ordered economy.
D. created laws that provided equal economic opportunity for all American
workers.
E. ended the Depression.

77. One long-term consequence of the New Deal was in how

A. the government effectively redistributed the wealth among the American
people.
B. it demonstrated that sufficient government spending could resolve economic
emergencies.
C. the national government assumed a responsibility for the basic welfare of the
people.
D. the influence of the government on the economy became greater than that of
private businesses.
E. the government substantially transformed the distribution of power within
American capitalism.

78. The secretary of state of the Harding administration was

A. Charles Evans Hughes.
B. Charles Dawes.
C. Henry Cabot Lodge.
D. Henry Stimson.
E. Cordell Hull.

79. The Washington Conference of 1921

A. attempted to prevent a global naval arms race.
B. saw the Harding administration refuse to participate in it.
C. sought to expand the global markets of the United States.
D. ended as a diplomatic failure for the United States.
E. attempted to create a world court.

80. The Five-Power Pact of 1922 dealt with

A. restructuring Germanys war debt.
B. the League of Nations.
C. the civil war in Russia.
D. Japanese aggression toward China.
E. armament limitations.

81. The Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928

 15

A. was an alliance between France and the United States against Germany.
B. was to be enforced with multinational trade embargoes.
C. was signed to wide international acclaim.
D. stated that an attack on one nation was an attack on all nations.
E. was an alliance between France and the United States against Japan.

82. The Dawes Plan of 1924

A. called for the United States to lend money to Germany to meet its reparation
payments.
B. was designed to help England and France make their debt payments to the
United States.
C. called for Britain and France to reduce the amount of German reparation
payments.
D. called for both the United States to lend money to Germany to meet its
reparation payments, and Britain and France to reduce the amount of
German reparation payments.
E. All these answers are correct.

83. In his foreign policy for Latin America, President Herbert Hoover
A. repudiated the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine.
B. repeatedly ordered troops into various Central American nations.
C. canceled Latin American war debts owed to the United States.
D. closely followed the policies of the two previous administrations.
E. declared America would henceforth only recognize democratically-elected
regimes.

84. As part of his foreign policy, President Herbert Hoover moved to

withdraw American troops from
A. Mexico.
B. Cuba.
C. Venezuela.
D. Colombia.
E. Haiti.

85. By 1929, a fascist-led government was in power in

A. Germany.
B. Spain.
C. Italy.
D. Japan.
E. France.

86. In 1932, the Hoover administration, in response to the Japanese

invasion of Manchuria,
A. issued warnings to the Japanese government.
B. imposed economic sanctions against Japan.
C. sent financial aid to Chiang Kai-sheks government in China.
D. sent Americans to Manchuria to train Chinese pilots.
 16

E. called for Japanese recognition of the Open Door policy.

87. In the 1930s, President Franklin Roosevelt carried out international

policies that
A. kept the United States on the gold standard.
B. preserved the circular loan system of the Dawes Plan.
C. established diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union.
D. allowed American banks to make loans to nations in default to the United
States.
E. further soured relations with Latin America.

88. In 1934, the Soviet Union complained that the United States had little interest
in stopping the expansion of
A. Germany.
B. Italy.
C. China.
D. Japan.
E. Great Britain.

89. During the 1920s and 1930s, interest in pursuing an isolationist foreign policy
A. led the United States to give up its membership in the World Court.
B. reflected the sentiments of a majority of the American public.
C. led the U.S. Senate to assert that no single nation was a threat to world
peace.
D. was strongly supported by President Franklin Roosevelt.
E. declined after the investigations chaired by Senator Gerald Nye of North
Dakota.

90. In 1937, after Japanese pilots sank the U.S. gunboat Panay in China, President
Roosevelt
A. called for an immediate military build-up in the United States.
B. entered into an economic alliance with China.
C. accepted Japans claim that the bombing had been an accident.
D. retaliated by bombing Japanese supply depots in China.
E. delivered the quarantine speech.

91. The Munich conference of 1938 was precipitated by a crisis over

A. Austria.
B. Poland.
C. Hungary.
D. Belgium.
E. Czechoslovakia.

92. Germany began World War II in Europe days after

A. Germanys occupation of additional areas of Czechoslovakia.
 17

B. a nonaggression pact was signed between Germany and Russia.

C. France promised Poland it would provide military support if attacked.
D. Germany and Austria were unified.
E. Hitlers violation of the Munich agreement.

93. Following the outbreak of war in Europe in 1939, President Franklin Roosevelt
A. declared that the United States would remain neutral.
B. declared the United States would be the arsenal of democracy.
C. sent American military advisers to England.
D. ordered a preparedness campaign much like Woodrow Wilson had in 1916.
E. was unsure whether a majority of Americans supported Germany.

94. In July 1940, opinion polls showed the clear majority of the American public
A. believed Germany posed a direct threat to the United States.
B. were strongly against any involvement by the United States in the war.
C. thought the United States should immediately declare war on Germany.
D. believed it would be a waste to aid England, as that nation would soon fall to
Germany.
E. believed Japan was a greater threat to the United States than the war in
Europe.

95. In 1940, the lend-lease plan

A. allowed the U.S. to loan weapons to England to be returned when the war
was over.
B. saw England agree to allow jobless Americans to enlist in the British military.
C. saw England allow the construction of American military bases on British
territory.
D. saw the U.S. lend funds to the Allies so they could lease war supplies from the
U.S.
E. was extremely controversial and barely passed the Senate.

96. The German sinking of the American ship Reuben James.

A. triggered an American naval campaign against Germany.
B. led Congress to approve the arming of American merchant ships.
C. led Congress to approve American ships sailing into belligerent ports.
D. led Congress to approve both the arming of American merchant ships and the
sailing of American ships into belligerent ports.
E. All these answers are correct.

97. In 1941, the Atlantic Charter

A. was signed in Washington D.C.
B. was completed by senior military officials in the United States and England.
C. saw President Roosevelt agree to an eventual invasion of Europe to drive out
the Nazis.
D. saw the United States and England claim to share common principles.
E. gave American merchants ships the authority to fire on German submarines.
 18

98. The Tripartite Pact was a defensive alliance between

A. the United States, England, and Russia.
B. the United States, England, and France.
C. Japan, Germany, and Italy.
D. Japan, Germany, and Austria.
E. England, France, and Italy.

99. In 1941, Germanys declaration of war against the United States

A. occurred after the United States declared war on it.
B. came the same day that Japan attacked Pearl Harbor.
C. did not occur until two months after the attack on Pearl Harbor.
D. occurred before the United States declared war on it.
E. was never reciprocated by Congress.

100. The Battle of Midway in 1942

A. saw the United States suffer great losses.
B. was a stunning defeat for the Japanese navy.
C. lasted four days.
D. both lasted four days and was a stunning defeat for the Japanese navy.
E. All these answers are correct.

101. During World War II, the United States Army chief of staff was
A. Douglas MacArthur.
B. George Marshall.
C. Omar Bradley.
D. Dwight Eisenhower.
E. George Patton.

102. During World War II, the first Axis country to be defeated was
A. Germany.
B. Spain.
C. Austria.
D. Japan.
E. Italy.

103. The United States government acquired definite knowledge of the Holocaust
A. prior to World War II beginning in Europe.
B. before the U.S. had entered the war.
C. during the first years after U.S. involvement.
D. not until the last year of the war.
E. not until after the war was over.

104. Regarding European Jewish refugees, between 1939 and 1945, the United
States
A. refused to accept large numbers of refugees.
B. won an agreement from England to accept several thousand refugees.
C. made many efforts to help refugees escape the Nazis but not to enter the
United States.
 19

D. denied the Nazis were targeting Jews for murder.

E. rescinded the provisions of the 1924 National Origins Act dealing with Jewish
immigrants.

105. During World War II, the Fair Employment Practices Commission was created
A. to help southern African Americans move to northern cities to take war jobs.
B. by President Roosevelt to stop black protesters from marching on the capital.
C. after serious racial rioting broke out in several northern industrial cities.
D. and led by A. Philip Randolph.
E. in response to significant protests led by the Congress of Racial Equality.

106. During World War II, the United States military

A. used quotas to limit the number of black servicemen in the military.
B. excluded blacks from combat duty.
C. began to relax its practices of racial segregation.
D. allowed blacks into all branches of the military for the first time.
E. doubled the number of black servicemen to 200,000.

107. During World War II, American Indians

A. saw government war contracts bring a higher standard of living to many
reservations.
B. were excluded from military service.
C. were pushed out of white society and back onto the reservations.
D. saw war work spread to almost every Indian reservation in the United States.
E. saw the war effort undermine efforts to revitalize tribal traditions.

108. In 1942, the United States and Mexico agreed to the braceros program, which
A. increased the number of Mexican immigrants the United States would accept
as new citizens.
B. allowed United States businesses to establish war production factories in
Mexico.
C. admitted Mexican contract laborers into the United States for a limited time.
D. accepted Mexican citizens into the United States armed forces.
E. eliminated the tariff on goods produced in Mexico.

109. In 1942, the United States and Mexico agreed to the braceros program, which
A. increased the number of Mexican immigrants the United States would accept
as new citizens.
B. allowed United States businesses to establish war production factories in
Mexico.
C. admitted Mexican contract laborers into the United States for a limited time.
D. accepted Mexican citizens into the United States armed forces.
E. eliminated the tariff on goods produced in Mexico.

110. In 1943, the zoot-suit riots in Los Angeles

A. resulted from tensions between the African American and Mexican American
communities.
B. led the city to prohibit the wearing of zoot suits.
C. began when off-duty Mexican American soldiers refused to wear their military
uniforms.
 20

D. both began when off-duty Mexican American soldiers refused to wear their
military uniforms, and led the city to prohibit the wearing of zoot suits.
E. All these answers are correct.

111. In 1942, when the United States interned Japanese Americans in relocation
centers,
A. all of the affected Japanese were American citizens.
B. the West Coast of the United States was not an important military region.
C. all of those affected were first-generation Japanese immigrants.
D. the move was protested by California Attorney General Earl Warren.
E. there was no evidence that the Japanese Americans were a domestic security
risk.

112. Which of the following statements regarding the internment of Japanese

Americans in the United States during World War II is NOT true?
A. The United States government has never admitted wrongdoing.
B. The order for internment was upheld by the Supreme Court in 1944.
C. Most of those interned lost all their property and possessions.
D. The internment camps were essentially prisons.
E. The relocation centers offered sub-par schools and minimal medical care.

113. During World War II, Chinese Americans

A. were drafted in a higher proportion than any other national group.
B. received a favorable image in U.S. government propaganda.
C. saw the repeal of the Chinese Exclusion Acts.
D. both received a favorable image in U.S. government propaganda and saw the
repeal of the Chinese Exclusion Acts.
E. All these answers are correct.

114. The Battle of the Bulge

A. began in the spring of 1945.
B. saw the American army drive deep into Germany.
C. was the last major battle on the western front.
D. both saw the American army drive deep into Germany and was the last major
battle on the western front.
E. None of these answers is correct.

115. Evidence of Japans desperation to continue the war in mid-1945 included

A. the sending of thousands of pilots on suicide missions.
B. nighttime attacks by Japanese troops against American lines.
C. the loss of over 100,000 Japanese lives at Okinawa.
D. both the sending of thousands of pilots on suicide missions, and nighttime
attacks by Japanese troops against American lines.
E. All these answers are correct.

116. In 1939, the first steps toward the creation of an atomic bomb were taken by
 21

A. the Soviet Union.

B. Great Britain.
C. the United States.
D. Japan.
E. Nazi Germany.

117. Which of the following statements regarding the Allied development of an

atomic bomb during World War II is NOT true?
A. The program was code-named the Manhattan Project.
B. Plutonium was a practical fuel for the bomb.
C. The program proceeded at a faster pace than had been expected.
D. The government secretly poured nearly $2 billion into the project.
E. Albert Einstein was in charge of the program.

118. Prior to ordering the use of an atomic bomb against Japan, President Harry
Truman
A. sent evidence of a test explosion to the Japanese government.
B. issued an ultimatum to Japan to surrender or face utter devastation.
C. warned the Japanese about the atomic bomb but sent no evidence of its
effect.
D. told Japan to evacuate Hiroshima or face the consequences.
E. did not send any kind of message to Japan.

119. The Japanese surrender to the United States

A. was announced a few days after a second atomic bomb had been dropped.
B. was formally signed on the American battleship Missouri.
C. occurred on September 2, 1945.
D. was both formally signed on the American battleship Missouri and announced
a few days after a second atomic bomb had been dropped.
E. All these answers are correct.

120. Casualties in World War II

A. saw fourteen million combatants die.
B. saw more than one million Americans killed or wounded.
C. were relatively light in the United States compared to those of other
countries.
D. both were relatively light in the United States compared to those of other
countries, and saw more than fourteen million combatants die.
E. All these answers are correct.

121. In early 1943 at the Casablanca Conference,

A. Winston Churchill and Franklin Roosevelt agreed the Axis powers must
surrender unconditionally.
B. Joseph Stalin refused to attend.
C. Churchill and Roosevelt agreed to follow Stalins strategy to defeat Germany.
D. Stalin threatened to make a separate peace with Germany.
E. Stalin argued against the Allies opening a second front in Western Europe.
 22

122. In late 1943 at the Tehran Conference,

A. Franklin Roosevelt knew Joseph Stalin urgently needed American aid in
fighting Germany.
B. Winston Churchill agreed to enter the war in the Pacific as soon as Germany
was defeated.
C. Franklin Roosevelt urged Joseph Stalin to postpone his westward offensive.
D. it was agreed that Poland should be put under Soviet control after the war.
E. Franklin Roosevelt promised an Anglo-American second front within six
months.

123. In early 1945 at the Yalta Conference,

A. Franklin Roosevelt was too ill to attend.
B. Joseph Stalin withdrew a promise to enter the Pacific war.
C. Winston Churchill left early in a dispute with Stalin.
D. it was agreed the Soviet Union should regain land lost in the 1904 Russo-
Japanese War.
E. Joseph Stalin refused to agree to Roosevelt and Churchills plans for the
United Nations.

124. In designing the structure of the new United Nations, planners called for
A. each nation on the Security Council to have veto power over the others.
B. a General Assembly in which select nations would have voting rights.
C. the president of the UN to be selected from one of the five major powers.
D. membership to be limited to one hundred nations.
E. Germany and Japan to be added to the Security Council after twenty-five
years.

125. Which of the following statements regarding the occupation zones of

Germany in 1945 is NOT true?
A. There were a total of four zones, each controlled by a different nation.
B. The zones were to be determined by the position of troops at the end of the
war.
C. All of Berlin was to be placed under Soviet control.
D. At an unspecified date, Germany would be reunited.
E. Roosevelt preferred a reconstructed and reunited Germany.

126. In 1945 when Harry Truman became president, he

A. had almost no familiarity with foreign affairs.
B. believed Joseph Stalin could be trusted.
C. was already drawing up plans for his Truman Doctrine.
D. looked to Great Britain to contain the Soviet Union.
E. renounced the Yalta accords signed by Roosevelt.

127. President Harry Truman initially decided to get tough with the Soviet Union
A. following the end of the war in the Pacific.
B. once the United States had successfully used the atomic bomb.
C. at the Potsdam Conference.
D. after his first few days in office.
E. after it became clear Stalin was supporting communist forces in China.
 23

128. By 1945, the Chinese government of Chiang Kai-shek had

A. grown antagonistic toward the United States.
B. designs on taking over conquered Japan.
C. little popular support.
D. drifted toward communism.
E. willingly ceded authority to Mao Zedong.

129. Beginning in 1947, the United States policy of containment was

A. the basis for its foreign policy for more than forty years.
B. first applied in Poland.
C. an extension of the Atlantic Charter.
D. both the basis for its foreign policy for more than forty years, and an
extension of the Atlantic Charter.
E. None of these answers is correct.

130. In 1947, the Truman Doctrine

A. asserted it was the obligation of the United States to support free peoples
around the world.
B. assumed the Soviet Union would continually attempt a global expansion of its
authority.
C. was originally invoked to provide aid to Greece and Turkey.
D. both asserted it was the obligation of the United States to support free
peoples around the world, and assumed the Soviet Union would continually
attempt a global expansion of its authority.
E. All these answers are correct.

131. The United States was motivated to develop the Marshall Plan due to
A. a humanitarian concern for European people.
B. a desire to contain communism in Europe.
C. a desire to create strong European markets for American goods.
D. both a humanitarian concern for European people, and a desire to create
strong European markets for American goods.
E. All these answers are correct.

132. Between 1947 and 1950, Marshall Plan aid

A. was offered to the Soviet Union.
B. failed to significantly revive European industrial production.
C. had little impact on communist influence within nations that accepted aid.
D. was opposed by many Republicans in Congress.
E. grew more controversial after a Soviet coup in Czechoslovakia in 1948.

133. The National Security Act of 1947 created

A. the National Security Council.
B. the Central Intelligence Agency.
 24

C. the Department of Defense.

D. both the Central Intelligence Agency and the Department of Defense.
E. All these answers are correct.

134. In 1948, the Soviet Unions blockade of West Berlin was primarily a response
to the
A. Marshall Plan.
B. United States putting nuclear missiles in Turkey.
C. establishment of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
D. Truman Doctrine.
E. creation of a unified West Germany.

135. In 1948, President Harry Truman responded to the Soviet blockade of West
Berlin by
A. sending American paratroopers into West Berlin.
B. airlifting supplies to West Berlin.
C. threatening war with the Soviet Union.
D. encouraging the United Nations to pass economic sanctions.
E. creating a blockade of East Berlin.

136. In 1949, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization

A. was created in response to the Soviet Unions Warsaw Pact.
B. called for a de-militarized zone across Western Europe.
C. declared that an attack on one member nation was an attack on all.
D. both was created in response to the Soviet Unions Warsaw Pact, and declared
that an attack on one member nation was an attack on all.
E. All these answers are correct.

137. During 19461947, the American economy

A. was plagued by serious inflation.
B. experienced few labor strikes.
C. fell back to Depression conditions.
D. witnessed a significant tax increase.
E. confronted a wave of unexpected bank failures.

138. Following World War II, the great majority of working American women
A. kept the same jobs they had during the war.
B. voluntarily left the labor force.
C. moved to jobs outside the service sector.
D. found themselves excluded from nearly all employment.
E. wanted to keep working.

139. President Harry Trumans Fair Deal called for

A. a retraction of many New Deal programs.
B. an end to public housing.
C. a freeze on the minimum wage to combat inflation.
D. the creation of national health insurance.
E. an end to the Fair Employment Practices Act and other wartime measures.
 25

140. The 1946 elections

A. revealed growing public support for President Harry Trumans domestic
agenda.
B. saw the Democrats retain control of the House, but lose the Senate.
C. saw Republicans win control of both houses of Congress.
D. saw President Truman chastise Republican critics with the slogan Had
Enough?
E. saw Republicans argue that Truman aimed to roll back the New Deal.

141. The Taft-Hartley Act of 1947

A. prohibited the union shop.
B. expanded the Wagner Act.
C. permitted the closed shop.
D. permitted states to pass right-to-work laws.
E. was supported by President Truman.

142. President Harry Truman responded to the 1946 election results by

A. deciding not to run for office in 1948.
B. becoming more conservative.
C. proposing a major civil rights bill.
D. abandoning his Fair Deal.
E. calling his opponents soft on communism.

143. In 1949, the Truman administration made progress in civil rights by

A. making lynching a federal crime.
B. abolishing the poll tax.
C. ordering an end to discrimination in the hiring of government employees.
D. establishing the Fair Employment Practices Commission.
E. ordering the desegregation of public transportation.

144. The Supreme Court case of Shelley v. Kraemer (1948) dealt with
A. voter discrimination.
B. housing discrimination.
C. communism in the United States.
D. labor unions.
E. Trumans plans for national health care.

145. In 1950, the immediate cause of the Korean War was the
A. decision by the United States to send troops to South Korea.
B. triumph of communism in China.
C. military invasion by North Korea into South Korea.
D. division of Korea into northern and southern halves.
E. military invasion of North Korea by China.
 26

146. In 1951, President Harry Truman relieved General Douglas MacArthur of

command because MacArthur
A. publicly stated that an invasion of China would be a military disaster.
B. publicly criticized President Trumans policy in Korea.
C. refused to support Trumans plan to use atomic weapons in Korea.
D. both publicly criticized Trumans policy in Korea and refused to support
Trumans plan to use atomic weapons in Korea.
E. None of these answers is correct.

147. The initial response of the American public to the dismissal of General
Douglas MacArthur was
A. anger at the United Nations.
B. criticism of MacArthur.
C. relief that nuclear war had been avoided.
D. anger at China.
E. criticism of President Truman.

148. In 1947, the first target of the House Un-American Activities Committee
(HUAC) was
A. labor unions.
B. the Democratic Party.
C. the State Department.
D. the American Communist Party.
E. the movie industry.

149. The HUAC investigation of Alger Hiss primarily helped the political career of
A. Richard Nixon.
B. Joseph McCarthy.
C. John Kennedy.
D. Ronald Reagan.
E. Lyndon B. Johnson.

150. The McCarran Internal Security Act

A. outlawed all communist organizations in the United States.
B. created the Federal Bureau of Investigation.
C. was strongly supported by the Truman administration.
D. stripped American citizenship from all known communists.
E. required communist organizations to register with the government.

151. In 1950, Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were accused of spying for
A. the Soviet Union.
B. North Korea.
C. China.
D. Poland.
E. Israel.
 27

152. Joseph McCarthy burst to national prominence by charging that there were
known communists in the
A. State Department.
B. Defense Department.
C. Truman cabinet.
D. Central Intelligence Agency.
E. United States Senate.

153. During Joseph McCarthys investigation into alleged subversion in

government,
A. Republicans criticized his broad attacks on the Democratic Party.
B. Dwight Eisenhower spoke against him after McCarthy attacked George
Marshall in 1952.
C. he never produced conclusive evidence that any federal employee was a
communist.
D. much of the public criticized his blunt tactics and coarse behavior.
E. he drew particularly strong support from the eastern establishment.

154. The results of the election of 1952 saw

A. the Republicans take control of the White House but not the Congress.
B. the end to a long period of Democratic dominance.
C. a close outcome between the two major parties.
D. all of these: the Republicans take control of the White House but not the
Congress; the end to a long period of Democratic dominance; and a close
outcome between the two major parties.
E. None of these answers is correct.

155. In 1954, the American scientist Jonas Salk developed a vaccine for the
prevention of
A. polio.
B. tuberculosis.
C. influenza.
D. yellow fever.
E. typhoid.

156. The first significant public awareness in the United States of computers came
during the
A. 1961 Mercury space flight.
B. 1957 launch of Sputnik.
C. 1958 launch of the first American satellite.
D. 1950 Bureau of Census tabulations.
E. 1952 election tabulations.

157. During the 1950s, the United States governments primary motive for the
development of rocket and missile technology was
 28

A. for the exploration of outer space.

B. for the establishment of communication and spy satellites around the earth.
C. the quest to land a man on the moon.
D. for the long-range delivery of weapons.
E. to catch up with German knowledge of rocketry.

158. In 1960, the United States first successfully launched a missile from a
submarine with the
A. Polaris.
B. Minuteman.
C. Titan.
D. Atlas.
E. Mercury.

159. The first American to be launched into space, in 1961, was

A. Yuri Gagarin.
B. John Glenn.
C. Alan Shepard.
D. Edwin Aldrin.
E. Neil Armstrong.

160. Beginning in the late 1940s, William Levitt used mass-production techniques
to sell
A. frozen foods.
B. appliances.
C. televisions.
D. houses.
E. automobiles.

161. In 1946, Dr. Benjamin Spocks best-selling Baby and Child Care contended
that
A. fathers needed to spend as much time as mothers in the care and raising of
their children.
B. mothers should stay at home with their children.
C. families should not have more than three children.
D. the ages of children in a family should not be spaced out more than five
years.
E. children should not be breast-fed or allowed to sleep with their parents.

162. During the 1950s, in the United States, married women who worked outside
the home
A. faced social pressures to quit their jobs.
B. increased in number throughout the decade.
C. accounted for one-third of all married women.
D. both increased in number throughout the decade, and accounted for one-
third of all married women.
 29

E. All these answers are correct.

163. Like many early white rock musicians, Elvis Presley drew heavily from black
traditions in
A. jazz.
B. rhythm and blues.
C. country western.
D. gospel.
E. folk.

164. Michael Harringtons 1962 book, The Other America, focused on the problems
of
A. sexism.
B. racism.
C. poverty.
D. youth alienation.
E. McCarthyism.

165. In 1960, the city in the United States with the largest Mexican American
population was
A. New York.
B. San Antonio.
C. Chicago.
D. San Diego.
E. Los Angeles.

166. The Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

A. reaffirmed the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson decision.
B. passed by a narrow 54 vote.
C. set specific timetables for enactment.
D. declared that separate educational facilities were unlawful.
E. arose from a case involving segregation in Mississippi.

167. In the civil rights movement, the spirit of massive resistance is associated
with
A. northern blacks.
B. southern blacks.
C. northern whites.
D. progressive liberals.
E. southern whites.

168. In 1957, the effort to integrate Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas,
required
A. President Dwight Eisenhower to remove the governor of Arkansas from office.
B. the presence of federal troops to enforce court orders.
 30

C. the replacement of many of the schools teachers.

D. the arrest of hundreds of whites protesting at the school.
E. the Supreme Court to issue another decision, Brown II.

169. Martin Luther King Jr. was leader of the

A. Southern Christian Leadership Conference.
B. National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.
C. United Negro Improvement Association.
D. Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee.
E. Congress of Racial Equality

170. Until the early 1950s, the country the United States assisted in trying to
control Vietnam was
A. France.
B. Taiwan.
C. Japan.
D. England.
E. China.

171. Between 1945 and 1959, the United States policy in the Middle East saw the
A. Eisenhower administration assist in the construction of the Aswan Dam.
B. Truman administration refuse to recognize the state of Israel.
C. President Eisenhower seek to end the rule of Egyptian leader Gamal Nasser
during the Suez crisis.
D. CIA engineer a coup that brought the shah of Iran to power.
E. U.S. refuse to join in a UN resolution denouncing British and French actions
during the Suez crisis.

172. All EXCEPT, was true about Native Americans serving in World War II

A. Were excellent code breakers.

B. More than 25, 000 served.
C. Served in segregated units.
D. Served in integrated units.
E. Received numerous military medals of honor.

173. Executive Order 9066

A. Placed Mexican Nationals in concentration camps during World War II.

B. Ordered the relocation of undocumented Mexican immigrants back to
Mexico.
C. Gave political asylum to Cubans fleeing Fidel Castro.
D. Ordered the internment of Japanese American citizens during World
War II.
 31

E. Ordered the deportation of Japanese American citizens back to Japan.

174. What strategy in pursuing equal rights did LULAC share with the NAACP in the
1940s?

A. Violent resistance to discrimination.

B. Filing court cases to secure equal rights and opportunities.
C. Using media coverage to raise public awareness.
D. Mobilizing voters to elect politicians favorable to the cause.
E. Boycotts, protests, and strikes to achieve better conditions for Mexican
farm workers.

175. The Jones Act of 1917 granted U.S. citizenship to:

A. Filipinos.
B. Chinese immigrants.
C. Illegal Mexican immigrants.
D. Puerto Ricans.
E. Guatemalans.

176. The 1952 Immigration and Nationality Act finally allowed what group to
become U.S. citizens?

A. Native Americans
B. Chinese Americans
C. Japanese Americans
D. Puerto Ricans
E. Filipino nationals.

177. In the late 1940s, the Supreme Court ruled in the Mendez and Delgado cases
that

A. Language was not a barrier to citizenship.

B. The separate but equal doctrine applied to Mexican Americans.
C. Mexican Americans could not be excluded from jury lists.
D. Segregation of Mexican Americans was unconstitutional.
E. Mexico was not required to build a wall on the border.

178. Puerto Ricans faced discrimination because, in addition to the usual

resistance to immigrants

A. Many of them were black.

B. They entered the U.S. illegally.
C. They often spoke only Spanish.
D. They failed to form distinct communities.
E. They refused to assimilate.

179. In Morgan v. Virginia, the United States Supreme Court ruled segregation was
unconstitutional on/in:
 32

A. National housing projects.

B. Defense industry jobs.
C. Colleges.
D. Interstate buses.
E. Public restaurants.

180. Trumans most important practical contribution to the civil rights movement
was:

A. Introducing legislation based on the To Secure These Rights report.

B. Integrating the armed services by executive order.
C. Challenging the segregation laws in Washington, D.C.
D. Appointing the first black Cabinet member.
E. Supporting Japanese claims for internment camp reparations.

181. In 1949, Jiang Jeishi was defeated and Mao Zedong took over:

A. North Korea.
B. Vietnam.
C. China.
D. The Philippines.
E. Thailand.

182. The Dixiecrats bolted the Democratic Party in the 1948 election because of
Trumanposition on:

A. Labor unions.
B. Civil rights.
C. National health care.
D. Soviet atomic bomb spying.
E. Homosexuals in government jobs.

183. One of the few components of the Fair Deal that became law was:

A. A national health insurance plan.

B. Federal aid to education.
C. An increase in the federal minimum wage.
D. A national Interstate Highway System.
E. Price supports for American Farmers.
184. The National Liberation Front was

A. created by Ngo Dinh Diem.

B. also known in the United States as the Viet Cong.
 33

C. an organization attempting to overthrow the North Vietnamese

government.
D. both created by Ngo Dinh Diem and also known in the United States as
the Viet Cong.
E. None of these answers is correct.

185. What government body was created to help implement Executive Order
8802, which forbade discrimination by race in hiring government and defense
industry workers?

A. Fair Employment Practices Committee.

B. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.
C. Equal Opportunity Bureau.
D. Fair Practices Commission.
E. Right to Work Commission.

186. The widespread outrage that followed the events in Selma, Alabama, helped
Lyndon Johnson win passage of legislation dealing with

A. desegregation of public accommodations.

B. voting rights for African Americans.
C. fair employment practices.
D. housing discrimination.
E. violence directed against civil rights workers.

187. In 1961, the freedom rides sponsored by CORE attempted to

A. bring northern civil rights activists into the South to register black
voters.
B. transport black children to formerly all-white schools.
C. force the desegregation of bus stations.
D. help move poor blacks out of the South.
E. transport black workers to white-only businesses.

188. One of the chief obstacles in John Kennedys presidential bid in 1960 was his

A. religion.
B. public image.
C. wealth.
D. womanizing.
E. lack of resources.

189. In February 1960, the first sit-in demonstration protesting segregation was
held at a

A. church.
B. swimming pool.
C. movie theater.
D. lunch counter.
E. bus station.
 34

190. In 1965, President Lyndon Johnsons Medicare program

A. made benefits available on the basis of need.

B. was similar in design to the Social Security system.
C. appealed mainly to poor and working-class Americans.
D. built on the success of his Medicaid program.
E. angered doctors by forcing them to lower their fees.

191. Great Society reforms

A. were generally proven to be cost-effective.

B. improved the lives of whites far more than blacks.
C. contributed to the greatest reduction in poverty in American history.
D. grew in popularity over the next decade.
E. made no dent in reducing hunger in America.

Part II Extended Essay 30 points (there will be some choice):

1. Looking at the history between the United States and Japan, was war
inevitable in l941? Could it have been avoided?

2. The Civil Rights movement (1945-1965) included a legal attack and a

grassroots attack on racism and segregation. Discuss why both approaches
were needed. Give examples of both strategies.

3. How would you asses the efforts of both Herbert Hoover and Franklin
Roosevelt in fighting the Depression? Where would you praise and criticize
these two men?

4. Discuss the key events of the Cold War in Asia during the terms of Presidents
Truman and Eisenhower. Which president handled the threat more
effectively?

***There will be no restrictive essay question for the final examination.