Lesson 2 Tunnel-Shape Ued 2014-15 Rev00-1

Underground Excavation Design
Underground Excavation
Design
Shape
Alfred Zettler
Underground Excavation Design Tunnel Design 2 Shape Alfred Zettler

Differences to other fields of
engineering design?
The main difference to other engineering
disciplines is that in rock mechanics the material
is pre-determined
Steel or concrete design.

The material is well determined.
It is possible to choose materials with different

characteristics.
Tests are easy to perform and to determine

(Youngs Modulus, strength, ect.).
Is it possible to influence the rock
mass behaviour?
There are possibillities to influence the rock mass
behaviour around an underground opening:
Shape, Orientation and

Support Measurements
To figure out the best shape and the best orientation is
the most successful way to influence the rock mass
behaviour around a tunnel.

Shape of the underground opening
Theoretical basis of underground constructions
Theoretical material

Theoretical Background
Mechanical Approaches
Continuum Mechanic
Discontinuum Mechanic
Fracture Mechanic

Theoretical approach
Continuum Mechanic Approach

Linear elastic material
Linear elastic - ideal plastic material:

Mohr Coulomb material
Hoek Brown material
Drucker Prager material

Cylindrical Hole Infinite
Elastic Medium

Elastic Medium

Elastic Medium

Elastic Medium

Example Borehole

Elliptic hole in an elastic medium
a v

Elliptic hole in an elastic model


Elliptical Hole in an Elastic Medium
Tangental Stress Sidewall 7,0
6,0
6,0-7,0
5,0
5,0-6,0
4,0 4,0-5,0
3,0-4,0
3,0
2,0-3,0
2,0 1,0-2,0
0,00
0,0-1,0
da 0,20
1,0
La 0,33
0,50
0,0
0,70
m
3,0
0,90
a/ b 0,3








Estimation of Boundary Stresses




Spherical Cavity Elastic Medium





Mohr Coulomb Material

Cylindrical Hole Infinite Mohr-Coulomb Medium









HoekBrown Criterium

Cylindrical Hole Infinite HoekBrown Medium











Generalised Hoek Brown Criterion

Generalised Hoek Brown Criterion

Stresses Shape and Primary Stress





Lined Circular Tunnel







Discontinuum Mechanics
Figure: Hoek Rock Engineering, course notes

Figure: Hoek Rock Engineering

Figure: Hoek Rock Engineering

References
Hoek, E., P.K. Kaiser, W.F. Bawden, Support of Underground Excavations in Hard
Rock, Balkema, 1995
Wittke, W., B. Pierau, C.Erichsen, Statik und Konstruktion der Spritzbetonbauweise,

Verlag Glckauf, 2002
Wittke, W. Stability Analysis for Tunnels Fundamentals, Verlag Glckauf, 2000
Empfehlungen des Arbeitskreises Tunnelbau ETB, Herausgeber Deutsche

Gesellschaft fr Geomechanik e.V., Verlag Ernst & Sohn, 1995
Jaeger, J.C., Cook, N.G.W., Fundamentals of Rock Mechanics, Chapmann and Hall
Ltd., 1st edition 1969 or 3rd edition 1976
Wittke, W., Rock Mechanics, Springer or German Version Felsmechanik, Springer

1984
Girmscheid, G., Baubetrieb und Bauverfahren im Tunnelbau, Verlag Ernst & Sohn,
2000
FLAC Manual Itasca Consulting Group
Underground Excavation Design Alfred Zettler

References
Hoek, E., Practicsl Rock Engineering, Download

http://www.rocscience.com/hoek/pdf/Practical_Rock_Engineering.pdf
Underground Excavation Design Alfred Zettler

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Underground Excavation Design

Underground Excavation Design Tunnel Design 2 Shape Alfred Zettler

Steel or concrete design.

It is possible to choose materials with different

Tests are easy to perform and to determine

Shape, Orientation and

Underground Excavation Design Tunnel Design 2 Shape Alfred Zettler

Theoretical basis of underground constructions

Underground Excavation Design Tunnel Design 2 Shape Alfred Zettler

Underground Excavation Design Tunnel Design 2 Shape Alfred Zettler

Continuum Mechanic Approach

Linear elastic - ideal plastic material:

Underground Excavation Design Tunnel Design 2 Shape Alfred Zettler

Underground Excavation Design Tunnel Design 2 Shape Alfred Zettler

Underground Excavation Design Tunnel Design 2 Shape Alfred Zettler

Underground Excavation Design Tunnel Design 2 Shape Alfred Zettler

Underground Excavation Design Tunnel Design 2 Shape Alfred Zettler

Underground Excavation Design Tunnel Design 2 Shape Alfred Zettler

Underground Excavation Design Tunnel Design 2 Shape Alfred Zettler

Underground Excavation Design Tunnel Design 2 Shape Alfred Zettler

Underground Excavation Design Tunnel Design 2 Shape Alfred Zettler

Tangental Stress Sidewall 7,0

Underground Excavation Design Tunnel Design 2 Shape Alfred Zettler

Underground Excavation Design Tunnel Design 2 Shape Alfred Zettler

Underground Excavation Design Tunnel Design 2 Shape Alfred Zettler

Underground Excavation Design Tunnel Design 2 Shape Alfred Zettler

Underground Excavation Design Tunnel Design 2 Shape Alfred Zettler

Underground Excavation Design Tunnel Design 2 Shape Alfred Zettler

Underground Excavation Design Tunnel Design 2 Shape Alfred Zettler

Underground Excavation Design Tunnel Design 2 Shape Alfred Zettler

Underground Excavation Design Tunnel Design 2 Shape Alfred Zettler

Underground Excavation Design Tunnel Design 2 Shape Alfred Zettler

Underground Excavation Design Tunnel Design 2 Shape Alfred Zettler

Underground Excavation Design Tunnel Design 2 Shape Alfred Zettler

Underground Excavation Design Tunnel Design 2 Shape Alfred Zettler

Underground Excavation Design Tunnel Design 2 Shape Alfred Zettler

Underground Excavation Design Tunnel Design 2 Shape Alfred Zettler

Underground Excavation Design Tunnel Design 2 Shape Alfred Zettler

Underground Excavation Design Tunnel Design 2 Shape Alfred Zettler

Underground Excavation Design Tunnel Design 2 Shape Alfred Zettler

Underground Excavation Design Tunnel Design 2 Shape Alfred Zettler

Underground Excavation Design Tunnel Design 2 Shape Alfred Zettler

Underground Excavation Design Tunnel Design 2 Shape Alfred Zettler

Underground Excavation Design Tunnel Design 2 Shape Alfred Zettler

Underground Excavation Design Tunnel Design 2 Shape Alfred Zettler

Underground Excavation Design Tunnel Design 2 Shape Alfred Zettler

Underground Excavation Design Tunnel Design 2 Shape Alfred Zettler

Underground Excavation Design Tunnel Design 2 Shape Alfred Zettler

Underground Excavation Design Tunnel Design 2 Shape Alfred Zettler

Underground Excavation Design Tunnel Design 2 Shape Alfred Zettler

Underground Excavation Design Tunnel Design 2 Shape Alfred Zettler

Underground Excavation Design Tunnel Design 2 Shape Alfred Zettler

Underground Excavation Design Tunnel Design 2 Shape Alfred Zettler

Underground Excavation Design Tunnel Design 2 Shape Alfred Zettler

Underground Excavation Design Tunnel Design 2 Shape Alfred Zettler

Underground Excavation Design Tunnel Design 2 Shape Alfred Zettler

Underground Excavation Design Tunnel Design 2 Shape Alfred Zettler

Underground Excavation Design Tunnel Design 2 Shape Alfred Zettler

Underground Excavation Design Tunnel Design 2 Shape Alfred Zettler

Underground Excavation Design Tunnel Design 2 Shape Alfred Zettler

Underground Excavation Design Tunnel Design 2 Shape Alfred Zettler

Underground Excavation Design Tunnel Design 2 Shape Alfred Zettler

Underground Excavation Design Tunnel Design 2 Shape Alfred Zettler