Professional Documents
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Glossary of Terms
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References
The definitions in this glossary were taken from the Glossary of HIV/AIDS-related Terms compiled
by UNAIDS and available at:
http://www.unaids.org/Unaids/EN/Resources/Terminology/glossary+of+hiv_aids-related+terms.asp.
Terms not found in this UNAIDS database were defined by I-TECH trainers for a training held in
Namibia. These are indicated with an asterisk (*).
Efavirenz (EFV or EFZ) A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor for combination use
with at least two other antiretroviral drugs for adults and children with
HIV. Contraindicated in pregnancy; substitute nevirapine for efavirenz
in pregnant women or women for whom effective contraception cannot
be assured.
Epidemiology The branch of medical science that deals with the study of incidence,
distribution and control of a disease in a population.
Fusion The stage of the HIV lifecycle in which the virus binds to the CD4
receptor, activates other proteins on the surface of the cell, then fuses
with the T helper or macrophage cell.*
Fusion Inhibitor (FI) A category of ARV drugs that are designed to attack the fusion stage
of the HIV lifecycle. Drugs in this category are not available in India.*
HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus. The virus that weakens the immune
system, ultimately leading to AIDS.
Opportunistic Infections Illnesses caused by various organisms, some of which usually do not
(Ois) cause disease in persons with healthy immune systems. Opportunistic
infections common in persons diagnosed with AIDS include
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia; Kaposis sarcoma; cryptosporidiosis;
histoplasmosis; other parasitic, viral and fungal infections; and some
types of cancers.
Prevalence The number of cases at any time during the study period, divided by
the population at risk.*
Protease An enzyme used by HIV to process new copies of the virus after it has
reproduced; drugs specifically aimed at this enzyme are called protease
inhibitors (see below). Human cells also use protease enzymes, but
they are different from the HIV protease.
Antiretroviral Therapy of HIV Infection in Infants and Children in Resource Limited Settings: Towards
Universal Access. Recommendations for A Public Health Approach (2006) WHO
Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV Infection in Adolescents and Adults in Resource Limited Settings: Towards
Universal Access. Recommendations for a Public Health Approach (2006) WHO
Antiretroviral Drugs for Treating Pregnant Women and Preventing HIV Infection in Infants in Resource
Limited Settings: Towards Universal Access. Recommendations for a Public Health Approach ART
(2006) WHO
Chronic HIV Care with ARV Therapy Including IDU Management: Integrated Management Of HIV/
AIDS At District And Community Level (2004) WHO
Clinical HIV/AIDS Care for Resource Poor Settings (2006) Medicin Sans Frontieres
Clinical Management of Sexually Transmitted Infections in Resource Poor Settings: A Comprehensive
Guide for Clinicians (2004) Vol II Alliance in India.
Estimated Risk and Timing of MTCT in the Absence of Interventions (NACO & IAP, 2006)
Family Health International (2003), HIV/AIDS Care & Treatment: A Clinical Course for People Caring
for Persons Living with AIDS; Arlington: USA
Guidelines for Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV-infected Adults and Adolescents; March 2007; NACO
Guidelines on the Management of Occupational and Non-Occupational Exposure to HIV and Post-
Exposure Prophylaxis; February 2007; NACO
Guidelines for Prevention and Management of Common Opportunistic Infections/Malignancies among
Adult/Adolescents PLWHAs; Final draft November 2006; National AIDS Control Organisation,
Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India
Guidelines for HIV Care and Treatment in Infants and Children; Nov 2006; NACO, Indian Academy
of Paediatrics, with support from Clinton Foundation, UNICEF, WHO
Holmes KK, Levine R, Weaver M, PhD. Effectiveness of condoms in preventing STIs
IAP Workshop of Safe Injection Practices: Recommendations and Safe IAP plan. (2005). Indian
Paediatrics Vol 42 (Feb 17): 155-161
Magnitude of Paediatric HIV - (Source: AIDS epidemic update 2006, UNAIDS)
McGilvray, M., & Willis, N., All about Antiretrovirals: A Nurse Training Programme, Trainers Manual,
Africaid, 2004, pp. 35-36.
NACO Specialist Training Reference Module, 2005
National AIDS Control Programme, Phase III 2006-2011 Strategy and Implementation Plan Draft, pg
18, 27, 60-85; Jul 19th, 2006; NACO, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GOI
Pain Management at the End of Life: A Physicians Self-Study Packet (2006) Maine Hospice Council.
Inc
Palliative Care: Symptom Management and End of Life Care: Integrated Management of Adolescent
and Adult Illness. (2007) Draft WHO
Prevention Strategies for People with HIV/AIDS; International HIV/AIDS Alliance, 2003.
Prevention for Positives, King-Spooner 1999; Vernazza et al. 1999