N0.

2
2010

INTERNATIONAL MAGAZINE ON DISTRICT HEATING AND COOLING

from steam
to hot water

DBDH - direct access to

district heating technology
www.dbdh.dk
 HOT|COOL is published
FOCUS: from steam to hot water four times a year by:

DBDH
4 The Chairmans column Sthr Johansens Vej 38
DK-2000 Frederiksberg
5 The University of Texas at Austin CHP and District Phone +45 3818 5440
Energy System Returns Fuel Use to 1977 Fax +45 3818 5444
dbdh@dbdh.dk
8 Steam vs Hot Water Distribution

10 Copenhagen Energy extinguishes steam-based Editorial Committee:

district heating supply Lars Gullev, VEKS

13 The road to enormous energy savings in

Lone Vlcker, DFj
Jes B. Christensen, DBDH
Chinas district heating distribution network
Marianne Louise Hansen, DBDH
16 Small Utilities Benefit from Automatic
Editor-in-Chief: Lars Gullev, VEKS
Heat Meter Reading

19 DISTRICT COOLING System Optimization Case Study of Coordinating Editor:

Marianne Louise Hansen, DBDH
CHALLENGES and Solutions at the Utilities and Energy
Management of the University of Texas at Austin, USA
Total circulation:
23 more R&D in District Energy 7,000 copies in
50 countries
26 Latest News
ISSN 0904 9681
28 Member Company Profile: DALL ENERGY Layout:
DBDH /galla-form.dk
30 list of members
Pre-press and printing:
30 district humour Kailow Graphic A/S

Clean, reliable and affordable heating

CTR Metropolitan Copenhagen Heating Transmission Company

CTR
Sthr Johansens Vej 38
DK 2000 Frederiksberg
Phone +45 3818 5777
Fax +45 3818 5799
ctr@ctr.dk
www.ctr.dk
Grundfos district heating and cooling
Red + Blue = Green

Very few people think about the distribution of heating and cooling under ground,
yet most are aware that temperatures above ground are rising due to increased CO2
emissions. At Grundfos, our most important goal is to ensure that our wide range
of products for district heating and cooling has the lowest possible environmental
impact. We strive to turn the hot red and the cold blue into green, sustainable
solutions. We do that by producing intelligent pumps with highly efficient motors
and variable speed that comply with the variations in heating and cooling load.

Grundfos covers all district heating and cooling requirements from large-scale
circulation pumps to inline and end-suction pumps, so visit www.grundfos.com to
see our extensive product line and discover how a Grundfos solution can save you
energy and help save the environment.
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Mr. Hans Bjrn, Managing Director, TVIS, and Chairman of DBDH
When the world is over-heating and resources are scarce
everybody should reconsider their habitual way of living. One
of the biggest challenges for people is perhaps unfortunately
to break out of their comfort zone. As one of Americas great
inventors with an incomparable impact on modern life Mr. Charles
F. Kettering is quoted to have said If you have always done it that
way, it is probably wrong. He developed some 140 Patents and
that is not by repeating the same procedures over and over again.
Keeping this in mind I would like to challenge the steam systems
to reconsider their future.
Copenhagen Energy Steam System
One current situation and prudent example of breaking out of
the comfort zone is the case of Copenhagen Energy. Copenhagen
Energy lay down the first steam pipe in 1925. Today there are
approx. 150 km of steam pipes in the centre of Copenhagen which
transport the capacity of 500 MW. The steam system supplies
the historic centre of Copenhagen, including Amalienborg Castle,
which serves as the Queens winter residence, as well as the
Danish Parliament.
Please allow me to present some facts that will support my
argument to why steam systems should favorably consider
converting to hot water.
Against all odds of running a fairly large steam system downtown
Copenhagen, a feasibility study still showed a huge amount
of money and energy would be saved if the steam system is
converted to a hot water based system. The conversion is
now a fact and from 2025 hot water will completely rule the
underground of Copenhagen.
Heavy industry and the industrial harbor activities have been
moved out of the centre of Copenhagen. Thus the remaining
clients are the 5-stories office and residential buildings, two
hospitals, theaters, a lot of hotels, shopping malls and the Queens
winter residence. Except for a minor steam demand at the
hospitals there is no longer a demand that cannot be satiated
by hot water systems.
Copenhagen Energy decided to make a cost benefit analysis that
should determine if it would be feasible to convert the old steam
system to a modern hot water system. The challenges were many.
There are 150 km of pipes located in the busy historic centre
of Copenhagen
The new hot water pipes are larger in diameter
The hospitals require some amount of steam
All building installations (sub-stations) need to be replaced
The clients need to be supplied during the conversion
Copenhagen Energy calculated the costs of excavation of new
pipe system, removal and replacement of the steam pipes with
new pipes, new sub-stations etc. and came to a figure of approx.
350 million dollars.
However, the cost benefit analysis also showed that the savings
seen over 20 years - where even greater!
The savings
The accumulating benefits for the above conclusion that total
savings exceeded the costs are several.
The energy loss of the steam pipes is today 16 %. A modern and
optimal operated hot water system has a heat loss of only 6-8 %.
The operation temperature of the steam network is 590 F, while
the hot water system operates at only 190 F in the winter and
170 F in the summer.
Once the hot water pipes are in the ground the maintenance
costs of the pipes themselves are significantly lower compared
to steam pipe systems.
Another cost saving is the water treatment. For the steam
system Copenhagen Energy had to treat an exceedingly and
unsustainable large amount of water. The closed hot water
system only needs treated water to top of the insignificant
water losses.
Energy Efficiency
Nobou Tanaka, Executive Director of the International Energy
Agency has on several occasions been quoted to say that 2/3
of the fuel we use to produce power is wasted CHP and district
energy more than double this efficiency. That is true for efficient
district energy systems with insignificant losses like the hot water
based systems.
Not to mention the safety issue involved with steam system
explosions.
I clearly see challenges by converting from steam to hot water in
some places, but if you just go about doing what you have always
done without challenging your thoughts and dexterity, not just
myself but also the legendary Mr. Charles F. Kettering will expect
you to fail.
E N E R G Y A N D E N V I R O N M E N T

The University of Texas at Austin CHP and District
Energy System Returns Fuel Use to 1977
By: Mr. Juan Ontiveros, P.E., Chair IDEA and Executive Director of Utilities and Energy Management, the University of Texas at Austin
The Utility and Energy Management Operation at the University
of Texas at Austin main campus has returned to 1977 natural
gas consumption levels though 8 million additional square
feet on campus have been added by improving the efficiency
of the utility system. This was accomplished using proven off-
the-shelf technology, capital improvements and innovation in
a manner that has increased plant capacity to meet the next
30 years of projected campus growth. The district energy (DE)
system has been self generating 100 % of all electricity, steam
and chilled water since 1929 with high reliability, adding value
to the campus, increasing efficiency and translating into self
funded improvements and significant emissions reductions.
The University is a dense urban campus of over 17 million
square feet in 200 buildings serving 70,000 students, faculty,
and staff. The majority of the 17 million square feet on
campus is research oriented and operates 24 hours a day
year round requiring a variable and uninterrupted supply of
energy. Connections to the Texas electrical grid exist only for
emergency backup, providing the University independence and
versatility in generating the electricity, chilled water, heating
steam and other utilities required on campus, resulting in
reliability of 99.9998% over the last 35 years.
This system is a perfect example how combined heat and power
(CHP) and DE can be the manner to reduce CO2 emissions
and an example how this can be implemented in the middle
of a campus located in the center of a city. An aerial view in
Fig. 1 of the CHP plant indicates the proximity of the plant to
campus facilities. To the south of the campus one can find the
State Capitol Complex and to the North and East and West
are residential neighborhoods that have co-existed for about
81 years.
Fig. 1: Arial View of plant and campus
J O U R N A L N 0 . 2 / 2 0 1 0
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History
The CHP system was originally started in 1929 using a lignite
fired boiler steam system that was converted to use natural
gas in the 1930s and has evolved to a system that produces
350 million kWh electricity, 980 million lbs of steam and 136
million ton-hrs of chilled water annually through six miles
of underground distribution tunnels and over 30 miles of
underground electrical distribution duct banks..
Configuration of Production Units
The installed equipment includes 137 MW of on-site CHP unit,
1.2 million lbs/hr of steam generation and 48,000 tons of chilled
water capacity. A 4 million gallon chilled water thermal energy
storage system is scheduled to come on line by September
2010. A schematic of the system is illustrated in Fig. 2.
Fig. 2: Graphical representation of CHP system
Inventory of Equipment:
Combined Heat & Power Plant Inventory
MW Lbs/hr
Steam
Combustion Turbine #8 W/
Fired HRSG & Inlet Air Cooling 43 289,000
Combustion Turbine #10 W/
Fired HRSG & Inlet Air Cooling 34 185,000
Steam Turbine #7 25
Steam Turbine #9 25
Boilers #1 & #2 75,000
Boiler #3 150,000
Boiler #7 500,000
www.dbdh.dk
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The University of Texas at Austin CHP and District Energy System Returns Fuel Use to 1977

Maximum electrical generation efficiency is obtained by
operating the combustion turbine as high as possible, using
the inlet air cooler in hot weather, and matching the HRSG
steam output to the steam turbine generator to match the
exact campus electrical load requirement.
building outages to be kept to a minimum and. Each building
is also equipped with two electrical substations, two chilled
water connections, two steam connections and two domestic
water connections. The campus map illustrated in Fig. 3 below
illustrates the utility facilities.

Steam is extracted from the turbines to supply steam to the

campus for heating and hot water generation in the campus
facilities. The boilers are operated to provide peak steam
needs above and beyond what can be produced by the HRSGs
and they provide a backup steam source in the event of a
combustion turbine/HRSG upset.

The back-up boilers have been retrofitted with combustion

controls that allow the boilers to operate at about 85 % plus
efficiencies using variable frequency drives to control flue gas
recirculation and combustion air. This reduces NOx and allows
the backup boilers to be banked as needed at only 1 MMBTU/hr
to maintain a spinning steam reserve yet be responsive to a
sudden full load need in about 2 minutes.

Fig. 3: CHP and District Energy Plants in relation to campus

Distribution Network
Concrete tunnel systems distribute chilled water, steam,
compressed air and recovered water to and from the buildings
and plants. The tunnel system is a major advantage to the
reliable operation of the campus because it allows for easy
repairs as needed, replacement of valves and controls without
impacting the operation of buildings allowing for required
The campus electrical distribution system is configured as
a looped system with 100 % redundant high voltage switch
gear on 12 switch gear systems and is connected to a 69
KV to 12.000 KV substation with four 50 MVA transformers
connected via a ring bus. This entire system is managed using
a digital SCADA system.

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E N E R G Y A N D E N V I R O N M E N T

The substation was upgraded in 2004 to accommodate 30
years of projected campus growth and the entire power plant
electrical distribution system was replaced and upgraded
at the same time. In essence N + 4 reliability exists at the
substation 80 % of the time and there is 100 % backup for
the power plant switchgear. The illustration in fig. 4 below is a
screen shot of the SCADA system of the entire campus grid.
Fig. 4 Optimum Energy Screen shot of chilling station optimizer
Reduced fuel use and decreased CO2 emissions
All utilities on campus are ultimately generated from natural
gas so while relatively clean burning carbon emissions are
still a large concern. However, due to the high efficiency
and versatility provided by the campuss DE system carbon
emissions have been held at steady levels in spite of the
constantly increasing campus demands. Fig. 5 below illustrates
the past 32 years of plant operations, demonstrating the
years of campus growth with no efficiency initiatives, followed
by a combination of demand side projects and ongoing utility
improvements that have reduced carbon levels to 1977 levels.
Fig. 5
Compared to 1977, the campus is now nearly twice the size
(9,000,000 square feet to 17,000,000) with over double the
electrical demand (183,000 MWh to 372,000 MWh annual) yet
carbon emissions remain the same and are anticipated to
decrease as new technology such as combustion turbine 10
and the thermal energy storage tank come online.
Purchasing grid electricity for building loads and chilling
stations, and burning natural gas for space heating and hot
water, would eliminate many of the advantages of the DE
system.
J O U R N A L N 0 . 2 / 2 0 1 0
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Innovative technological solutions
and future strategies
The University is tied to using natural gas as a fuel and using
the CHP system so achieving reductions in CO2 and other
emissions had to come from increased plant efficiencies using
innovative technological solutions as a strategy for the future.
The approaches listed below contributed to the strategy:
A passive steam dump system was installed to vent excess
steam if a steam turbine tripped eliminating the need to
have hot standby steam turbines.
A new more efficient 25 steam turbine generator was
installed in 2004.
A new 15,000 ton chilling station was just commissioned to
replace a 50 year old steam turbine driven chiller plant. This
new plant operates with 100 % variable frequency drives on
three 5,000 ton York Titan chillers and all associated pumps
and cooling tower equipment. This is the first 100 % VFD
plant of this size and is performing at ultra high efficiencies
due to the use of Optimum Energys chilling plant opti-mizer.
Modeling technology to operate, optimize and sustain
efficiencies has been implemented. This is a list of the
technologies employed.
a. PE Advisor developed by LightRidge Resources is a real
time model of the entire plant system that is used to
validate existing performance, evaluate operating scenarios
that can improve efficiency and evaluate the optimum sizing
and replacement of major equipment replacement options.
b. Termis, developed by 7T is a real time hydraulic model of
the chilled water distribution system that is used to operate
and optimize pumping horsepower and optimum chilling plant
dispatch needed to send the peak 50,000 GPM of chilled
water through the 12 miles of piping in campus tunnels.
The University of Texas at Austin has had a long tradition
of reliability, cost effectiveness and reliability in the Utility
operation. This has allowed the campus to increase total
efficiency from 62 % 12 years ago to a projected 86 % next year.
This has included improving the average annual heat rate from
12,600 Btu/kW to 9,800 Btu/kW which will be further improved
with the new GE CT. This has resulted in $150 million in plant
improvements being funded without a net increase in budget
because fuel savings offset the debt. This tradition has been
taken to a new level by a continuous self sustained culture of
continuous improvement using technology to continue to meet
the mission of the campus in educating future generations of
students that will help shape the future of the world.
For further information please contact:
The University of Texas at Austin 215 East 24th Street
Att.: Mr. Juan Ontiveros Austin, Texas
juano@mail.utexas.edu 78712 USA
www.dbdh.dk
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eam
from stot
to h
water

Steam Hot Water Distribution

A Difference between North America and Europe
By Mr. Jens Overgaard, Head of Department District Heating Systems, Ramboll

A new global challenge

The growing worldwide interest in the co-generation of heat
and electrical power (CHP) is making the opportunities offered
by district heating much more interesting to new groups of
stakeholders.

CHP has been known for many years as a way of increasing

energy efficiency and thereby saving fuels. Over the years CHP
applications with embedded generation and the utilization of
steam for industrial processes have become a well-known
technology worldwide. The current focus on CHP reaches
further and the advantages are discussed among specialists,
politicians, journalists and the general public.
The broader interest in CHP leads to some concern about the
utilization of the heat. Although large numbers of cities, towns
or smaller communities around the world have been familiar
with the benefits of district heating for a very long time, the
efficient use of the heat is a challenge to many of the new
local governments, companies or individuals who have taken an
interest in the CHP industry.
The concept of district heating is unknown to many of these
new interested parties. There is therefore a growing demand
for information about district heating and the technologies
behind the distribution of heat to cities and towns.
To those, who have been working within the industry for years,
there should be nothing new in steam distribution or hot
water district heating. These people also feel comfortable with
the characteristics of the various options in terms of piping
systems, pre-insulated pipes, water treatment requirements,
piping components, installation technologies, etc.
In order to understand the reasons for choosing one instead
of the other it may be useful to have a look at the background
to the various systems.
Steam distribution
District heating has for more than a century been part of
the infrastructure in American and European cities. Strictly
speaking, the history of district heating goes back to 14th
century France but modern city schemes were first established
in cities in the USA in the early 1880s.
We think of district heating as a means of distributing
thermal energy but the first US steam distribution networks
were intended to also supply steam to buildings so that they
could generate their own electricity. This was just before the
distribution networks for electrical power were introduced.
Soon the development of electricity distribution and central
power generation began and the steam distribution networks
then turned out to be a reliable way of distributing heat to a
large number of buildings from a central steam boiler.

Having said this it is probably fair to add that the choice of
distribution system more often is based on tradition than
on an analysis of the specific requirements. Surely there are
steam distribution systems that could be replaced with hot
water district heating and still serve the purpose of delivering
heat to the customers, just as steam holds some advantages
over hot water when it comes to other uses.
When natural gas became available at a larger scale, many of the
US steam distribution networks gradually disappeared. Some
remained and are still in operation like the steam distribution
of New York City (operated by Con Edison) and a number of
smaller and larger systems. Today, university campuses and
the bases of the US armed forces are also typical examples of
steam distribution operators.

E N E R G Y A N D E N V I R O N M E N T

It should be observed that there are some good examples of
hot water district heating networks in the US and Canada such
as the system in St. Paul (Minnesota), Charlottetown (Prince
Edward Island) and the campus of the University of Rochester,
New York. Several others exist and they demonstrate that the
concept of hot water distribution has found its way to the
North American market.
Hot water distribution
The modern district heating networks in Europe are generally
based on hot water with a maximum design temperature
in the range of 110-120C (or 230-250F) and following the
harmonization of European standards the 110C limit will be
even more dominating in the future.
Looking back at the development of district heating in Europe
since the years around 1900 there has been a history of both
steam distribution and high temperature hot water systems.
The introduction of the more cost-effective pre-insulated
pipes and a growing demand for energy efficiency both pushed
this development in the direction of lower temperatures.
The pre-insulated pipes had an insulation of polyurethane
foam that began to degrade rapidly if the temperature rose
above 120-130C so there was a strong incentive to keep
the maximum temperature of the system below that. The
energy efficiency was not only a question of lowering the flow
temperature to reduce heat losses but also to take heat from
the many new CHP plants at the lowest possible pressure and
temperature in order to enable the plants to generate as
much electricity as possible.
Difference in perception
When considering the differences in the district heating
industry in North America and Europe, the history of the two
markets is perhaps the most important factor.
In some European countries the development and expansion of
district heating as a sector has been quite remarkable with e.g.
Denmark now seeing heat being supplied from district heating
networks to more than 50% of the buildings in the country.
The industry has accepted hot water systems as a state-
of-the-art option that cannot be challenged. The situation
is somewhat similar in Finland and Sweden, whereas other
European countries have had a different development and
there has been a different approach but hot water systems
are clearly the future of European district heating. The lower
flow temperature adds to the efficiency of cogeneration and
it becomes easier to utilize heat from various renewable heat
sources such as solar thermal or geothermal.
This is not the same as saying that steam networks are
unknown in Europe. Many of the older systems were based on
steam distribution and later on a combination of steam and
hot water. Steam systems are still in operation although they
in many cases gradually are being converted to hot water as
described in the case study for Copenhagen in this magazine.
J O U R N A L N 0 . 2 / 2 0 1 0
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When people from the European - or at least the Scandinavian
- district heating industry discuss the conditions of
district heating in North America, there is often a lack of
understanding as to why steam distribution is so widespread
and why the Americans are not converting their systems to
hot water. To many of these people it seems obvious that the
benefits in terms of higher efficiency, lower operational costs
and the opportunities offered in relation to low-temperature
renewable heat must in themselves be enough for American
steam distribution network operators to replace the steam
systems and roll out hot water systems. They think of steam
networks as costly, high-risk, inefficient and inflexible systems.
In the US, some engineers working within the district heating
industry point out that hot water pipes will have to be larger
than steam lines to have the same capacity and some are very
much aware of the limitation in running air conditioning on hot
water compared with steam. Also the concept of pre-insulated
pipes that will make hot water systems cheaper to install
does not appeal to everyone. In short, there are advocates
for steam distribution who find that hot water networks are
unreliable, have low capacity and are inflexible.
Conclusion
The difference in perception as illustrated above is more real
than many people think. There are people in the European
district heating industries who believe that the steam
distribution systems are obsolete, inefficient and expensive
and there are people in the same industry in North America
who find hot water systems unreliable, inflexible and not
offering the capacity that characterizes a steam system.
Not surprisingly, both views can be right, depending on the
circumstances. There is no doubt that hot water systems
in many ways are ideal for distributing heat to a community
but there may be conditions related to a specific scheme or
project that make steam the right option.
What should be kept in mind is that hot water systems have
proven their value in many parts of the world and the technology
behind them are constantly being developed. Whenever new
opportunities arise they should be seriously considered as an
alternative to steam distribution. The key is a planning phase
where the demand is mapped and the network is outlined in
combination with the heat production.
If the economics show that a hot water distribution is viable,
then there are examples around the world that it can be done
technically.
For further information please contact:
Ramboll
Mr. Jens Overgaard Phone: +45 4598 8736
Teknikerbyen 31 Mobile: +45 2142 8601
DK-2830 Virum jo@ramboll.dk
www.ramboll.dk
www.dbdh.dk
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eam
from stot
to h
water
Copenhagen Energy extinguishes steam-based
district heating supply
By Mr. Nick Bjrn Andersen, Chief Consultant Copenhagen Energy Ltd., Denmark and Mr. Jens Ole Hansen, Head of Energy, COWI A/S, Denmark
Time for a change: before 2025 Copenhagen Energy will
substitute the steam part of the district heating network
that supplies 25% of the heat demand in Copenhagen by a
new water-based district heating system. The project induces
investments in the order of EUR 350 million.
Copenhagen Energy Ltd.
Copenhagen Energy Ltd. is a non-profit public owned limited
company, having a turnover of approx. 370 million EUR and
employing approx. 190 people in its district heating (DH) division.
The Copenhagen DH system is operated as a part of the very
large coherent DH system in Greater Copenhagen, covering
Copenhagen and 15 minor municipalities. Two large heat
transmission companies, CTR and VEKS, transport heat from
the large CHP plants to the local distribution system.
The DH system in Greater Copenhagen is one of the largest DH
systems in the world, with a yearly heat consumption of approx.
33,000 TJ. The main part of DH for Copenhagen is delivered
from 10 CHP plants with the total capacity of approx. 2,000
MW heat.
The Copenhagen steam-based network
Over the years, the Copenhagen DH system has developed in
two tracks, partly in the form of a water-based DH system and
partly in the form of a steam-based system.
The Copenhagen DISTRICT HEATING Network
The DH system in Copenhagen was initiated in the mid 1920s,
and the 1,500 km double-piped net now covers more than 98 %
of the demand for heating in the municipality of Copenhagen,
providing heat for more than 30,000 customers (approx.
500,000 inhabitants).
By 2010, the steam-based system still covers 25 % of the total
heat demand in the city of Copenhagen, mainly supplying major
customers in the central parts of the city. The main part of the
steam-based network in Copenhagen was built before 1950,
and it has not been expanded since 1980 - app. 30 years ago.
The steam-based system was developed because hospitals
and industries in the city needed steam in different processes.
Close to the steam pipelines, major apartment buildings were
connected to the steam network. The steam-based network
comprises more than 130 km pipelines and approx. 100 km
condensate pipelines.
Copenhagen DH system - Key figures (average year)
Number of customers 31,300
of which water-based DH 1,300
of which steam-based DH 30,000
DH network (double piped) 1,500 km
of which water-based DH 1,370 km
of which steam-based DH 130 km
DH design capacity (at customers) 4,800 MW
of which water-based DH 3,900 MW
of which steam-based DH 900 MW
Major heat exchanger substations 25
DH production 19,500 TJ (5,400 GWh)
of which water-based DH 14,500 TJ (4,000 GWh
of which steam-based DH 5,000 TJ (1,400 GWh)
Copenhagen DH system key figures
Copenhagen Energy has recently commissioned 4 km tunnel
under the Copenhagen Harbour with steam pipes from
Amagervrket, unit 1 (AMV1) - a CHP plant in Copenhagen -
to the steam-based DH system in the centre of Copenhagen.
AMV1 is rebuilt to use biomass to supply the steam-based
DH system in Copenhagen through this tunnel. Building the
E N E R G Y A N D E N V I R O N M E N T
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new biomass-fired CHP plant for the steam-based system production and providing water-based DH instead of steam-
has made it possible to close old and inefficient plants in based DH from AMV1.
Copenhagen.
Cost-effective and environmentally sound heating
As the substitution of the steam-based DH to water-based The steam-based DH system is not sustainable anymore,
DH is in the process, the tunnel from AMV1 also contains DH showing:
water pipes, and the steam pipes in the tunnel will be used for Low efficiency in the distribution of steam-based heating
hot water, as the steam-based system is extinguishing. Lower electricity efficiency in CHP plants producing
steambased DH
Along with the conversion of the steam system, AMV1 can be Higher CO2-emissions
extended by a supplementary turbine, increasing the electricity
Having the aim of reducing
environmental impact, reducing

Uptime
heat losses and of reaching even
higher efficiencies and better
economy for the CHP production,
one of the major projects during

16 years!
2010 to 2025 will be the substitution
of the steam-based DH network in
Copenhagen by a new water-based
DH network.

Detailed analyses of the heating

network have been made. The
analysis showed that the energy
loss (heat loss) of the steam pipes
can be reduced, using a modern and
optimal operated hot water system.

As a consequence, Copenhagen En-

ergy has decided to substitute all
steam and condensate pipelines by
a new water-based DH system by
2025, encompassing:
Construction of 100 km new pipe-
lines (supply and return)
Construction of 1,300 substations
at the customers
Now the MULTICAL 402 energy meter is Investments in the scale of EUR
airborne. The new energy meter gives you 350 million
the best within precision metering, wireless
data communication and simple user inter- Conversion of steam/condensate
face non-stop for 16 years. pipelines together with higher ef-
ficiency in CHP production will imply:
You can find more information on Reduction in heat loss from 16%
MULTICAL 402 on www.kamstrup.com (steam pipes) to 7% (new water-
based system)
Reduction in operation and main-
tenance costs by a factor of more
than 10 to approx. 2 EUR /m/year
Savings of 1100 TJ/year in primary
energy
K a ms t r u p A /S I n d us t r i ve j 28 , St i l l i n g D K- 8 6 6 0 S k a n d e r b o r g
Reduction of CO2-emissions by
Te l: + 45 89 93 10 0 0 i n f o @ k a ms t r u p. co m w w w. k a ms t r u p. co m
more than 125,000 tonnes/year.

J O U R N A L N 0 . 2 / 2 0 1 0 www.dbdh.dk
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Copenhagen Energy extinguishes steam-based district heating supply
Benefitting the customers
As DH companies in Denmark are non-profit companies, the
price of heat is the cost of the heat production plus the cost
of heat distribution plus a few unavoidable costs. Today, this is
still governing all DH operation in Denmark .
Thus, it is the governing obligation for Copenhagen Energy to
continuously work to the benefit of its customers and provide
Copenhageners with cost-effective and environmentally sound
heating.
Economic analyses have shown that the project worth EUR 350
million will benefit the DH consumers, making the conversion
viable in financial terms as well as in terms of socio-economy.
The steam conversion supports
the Copenhagen Climate Plan
With the Copenhagen Climate Plan, the municipality of
Copenhagen targets the Copenhagen DH system to play a major
role in the efforts on achieving the 2015 goal of a CO2-emission
reduction of 20 % and the 2025 goal of being CO2 neutral.
The Copenhagen Climate Plan 2015 targets
TERMIS Operation
Improves service and reduces operating costs
TERMIS Operation provides an effective and comprehensive overview of your entire network
and operation. Return on Investment in less than 18 months.
Read more: www.7T.dk/TERMIS
The plan incorporates Climate Action Initiatives for the
following areas :
The Climate Plan points out 6 specific initiatives with regards
to the district heating system in Copenhagen:
Renewable energy replaces coal at Amager power station
Unit 1, converting 100% to biomass (wood chips)
Renewable energy replaces coal at Amager power station
Unit 3, converting at least 40% to biomass (wood chips)
New combined heat and power station is constructed, based
on renewable energy.
Heating with geothermal energy is increased six-fold
by expanding the demonstration geothermal facility at
Margretheholm.
The efficiency is improved at waste incineration plants by
introducing flue gas condensation units.
The districtheating network is modernised to reduce heat
losses from the pipes.
For more information please contact:
Copenhagen Energy
Att.: Mr. Nick Bjrn Andersen
restads Boulevard 35DK-2300 Copenhagen S
Phone: +45 2795 2768
nban@ke.dk
COWI
Att.: Mr. Jens Ole Hansen
Parallelvej 2DK-2800 Lyngby
Phone: +45 4597 2211
Fax: +45 4597 2212
JHA@cowi.dk
How TERMIS Operation works:
Real-time data from the SCADA system is
fed into the TERMIS model.
It is possible to combine this with
weather forecast data.
This lets you predict future consumption
- even during periods of changeable or
extreme weather conditions.
PROVIDING RELIABLE ENERGY TO MORE THAN 100 MILLION HOMES

The road to enormous energy savings in
Chinas district heating distribution network
China is one of the world's most important district heating
(DH) nations. 4,310,000,000 m2 - more than 4.3 billion square
meters of housing - receives heat from a heating system that
isnt always balanced. The energy consumption for heating is
two to three times higher than in other developed countries
with similar weather conditions. Therefore, the sizes of both
the potential energy savings and a possible reduction of CO2
emissions are astronomical.
How large the numbers actually could be was documented
when the results of 2 years of work on Energy Audit in
Chinese District Heating Distribution was released earlier
this year. It was Grundfos who partnered with Yu Shi He Tai
Technology Development Co. of Beijing to test a completely
new concept for easy and simple localisation of energy savings
in the Chinese district heating distribution network.
But savings through help from a new technology is one thing.
The project also shows that additional efforts are necessary
to really make a difference: an entire people need to change
their behaviour.
In many Chinese homes, the heat is controlled by opening and
closing the windows, because the temperature in the radiators
is constant. Its probably hot too, because you dont want to
freeze in the Chinese winter, which is often very cold. Heat was
previously one of the benefits that followed getting a job, just
like electricity, water, and a roof over your head.
Social energy has deep roots in the former political system,
which is why DH has been a natural part of Chinese society
for decades. In large parts of the country, older single-string
pipe systems transport scalding hot water uncontrolled: from
the DH plants often over dimensioned pumps via outdated
substations, then further on at the same temperature to
both inefficient castiron radiators and frail in-floor heating
systems. In other places, the old systems are combined with
new installations, making any attempt to find the proper flow
and optimal temperature difficult.
Thats why the energy consumption used for heating in China is
two to three times as large as in other countries with a similar
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By Mr. Lars Gullev, Managing Director, VEKS
climate. And its growing, growing proportionally faster than
the growth in Chinese industries and population. Saving energy
and working with CO2 emissions have therefore come into
focus in the Chinese government. The government has also
acknowledged that expertise in this field needs to be brought
in from abroad.
Expertise as export goods
Denmark has both proud traditions within DH and a position
as a model country when it comes to energy and environment.
It was thus quite natural to seek expertise from Danish
companies.
The result was the Energy Audit in Chinese District Heating
Distribution project, which was launched in 2007 as a
component of the Partnership Facility Programme by Danida.
The programme is a part of Danish developmental funding.
The target is to establish partnerships between Danish and
Chinese companies through partial funding of locallyanchored
projects.
The partner in Denmark is Grundfos, a global producer of
pumps. Grundfos is already well-established in China. Their
great experiences with pump Audits made the decision easy
when it came to developing the audit system for a concept
that focused on energy optimization of the entire distribution
network, rather than purely pumps.
At home on the road
Grundfos put an experienced man at the forefront of the
project. Torben Kynde Nielsen is Manager in International
Project Sales, who has worked with pump technologies in just
about every possible connection for decades. He has also led
a number of Grundfos projects in the most far-off corners of
the world. It was therefore completely normal for him that the
new project was to begin in some of the areas that are not
traditionally focused upon in China.
In recent Chinese growth adventure, the cities of Southern
China have typically been given the most attention. But there
have been lots of development in the north-eastern provinces
too, especially within mining and heavy industry, Torben Kynde
www.dbdh.dk
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The road to enormous energy savings in Chinas district heating distribution network
Nielsen states. At the same time, a lot is taking place to the
West, in the XinJiang province. The population is mostly scarce,
and enormous deserts dominate the landscape, but some of
the most fertile agricultural land in all of China is found along
the provinces river. Over the last few years, a comprehensive
food pro-duction industry has grown rapidly, drawing
millions of people to the area. People have also come from
neighbouring countries including Russia, Mongolia, Kazakhstan
and Kyrgyzstan.
A partner that fits well
Two companies were chosen to function as demonstration sites
for the 2-year long project: Jinzhou Heat-Power General Co.,
Ltd in the North, and XinJiang Western Thermal Energy Group.,
Ltd in the east. The selection of these two demo-sites took
place with assistance from the CDHA, the Chinese District
Heating Association and Yu Shi He Tai Technology Develop-
ment Co., Ltd. Yu Shi He Tai was also selected to serve as the
Chinese half of the partnership with Grundfos.
It was important for us to find a Chinese partner, who had
a solid technological insight, operated in all of China, was
financially sound and at a minimum, spoke English, says Torben
Kynde Nielsen. He worked as both a supervisor for the Chinese
partner in the actual build-up of the business, and trained the
technical personnel who carried out the physical audit at the
selected substations. The Danish pump expert visited China 18
times during the project.
Holistic training
Torben Kynde Nielsen also did the research and interviews on
location that are necessary prior to carrying out the detailed
technical measurements.
This is probably the most important phase in the entire
process, he states. Numbers on a piece of paper are one
thing; but whats behind the numbers is something else. My
many years of experience in China have taught me that the
Chinese people have an enormous amount of pride, which is
why problems are not something you speak about. You dont
want to lose face, even though the majority of the problems
arise from circumstances beyond the control of the individual,
such as decisions made higher up or expectations from fellow
citizens.
On top of that, you can add a fear of the changes that new
activities can bring. It is therefore necessary that I gain
the confidence of the manager of the individual substation
already in the preliminary phases. I can then learn about his
situation and the barriers that can be handled. Otherwise, it
can be pointless for us to present piles of data proving how
much can be saved, if the activities dont have any chance for
implementation.
Simply done
The words piles of data need to however be taken with a
grain of salt, as the Energy Audit in Chinese District Heating
Distribution was specifically intended to present its results
as simply and most convincingly as possible. Its safe to say
that the project achieved these goals. The presentation of
the possibilities for saving energy at the individual substation
takes up only one single sheet of paper, despite being filled
with lots of curves, tables, and diagrams. But everything that
needs to be used is there: all the facts that affect the results,
outside temperatures year-round, load profiles, system
characteristics, heat loss curves, the pumps efficiency, flow
calculations, and finally energy calculations, tables with Life
Cycle Costs and payback times.
Then theres the documentation for the calculations. Part
of them are Torben Kynde Nielsens preliminary research
and interviews, but the actual numbers from the individual
systems current operation is what makes it possible to create
a specific alternative with new pumps in Win-CAPS, Grundfos
own web-based pump configuration and sizing tool. WinCAPS
has in recent years become one of the most used tools among
international consulting engineers and pump specialists.
The specific numbers are also found through newly developed
Grundfos technologies. An advanced computer case weighing
50 kg has been developed for the project. With help from the
cases equipment, employees from Yu Shi He Tai Technology
Development Co. the daily operations of the substation for a
period of 24-48 hours. Here, measurements are taken on flow,
differential pressure, temperature variations in the system as
well as the pumps own power consumption. Its all compared to
the measurements of the outside temperature made by the
system.
We combine concrete measurements with a holistic view of
the case, Torben Kynde Nielsen states.
E N E R G Y A N D E N V I R O N M E N T

Work smarter, not harder
From the beginning, our target has been to deliver tangible
proof that large energy savings can be made by making small
steps. We need to work smarter, not harder, and realise a
return on investment within one to two years, he explains.
Clearly, easily visible opportunities to achieve quick and
significant profits by concentrating activities around the
distribution network. A feasibility study done prior to the
project estimated a potential energy savings of 10 % with the
installation of new, unregulated pumps on a substation level.
This savings could be increased to 40 % if the system was
equipped with speed-controlled pumps.
As it turned out, the true savings were even higher.
Results in black and white
In fall, 2008, new pumps were installed in three out of the
63 privately-owned substations in the city of ChangJi, and in
three of the 144 publicly-run substations in the city of Jinzhou.
Control measurements could start. Measurements were
taken for all of calendar year 2009 in order to end up with
documentation that took seasonal variations in demand into
account. In doing so, the testers had results that stemmed
from real-life measurements rather than expecta-tions.
During the projects first on-site measurements, the numbers
showed that the savings could reach between 30-40% by
merely installing new pumps with a constant flow. The savings
with an optimal, varied flow were calculated to between 60-
75%. And now the numbers from one full year of true operation
were brought out numbers that came from the meters at
the six substations.
Energy savings of 39-59 %
In ChangJi, the annual energy consumption was reduced by
40% through nothing more than the new, optimised pumps.
This reduction could be increased to 60% if the systems duty
point was optimised and to 86% if the installed pumps with
variable speed were used optimally. One substation alone could
save 237,000 kWh annually.
The numbers were just as impressive in Jinzhou. At the first
substation, the savings reached 59%. At the second, the largest
changes were replacing newer pumps with smaller variants, yet
the savings still reached 46%. At the third and final substation
- incidentally only a couple of years old - it was discovered that
improper dimensioning caused excessive energy consumption
of 39%, measured over only three months!
And you can be sure, that these savings were noticed in
Jinzhou. The manager of one of the substation suddenly found
representatives from the citys electrical company, who wanted
J O U R N A L N 0 . 2 / 2 0 1 0
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to see if he was somehow fiddling with his consumption. But
there was nothing shady going on at all!
The projects partners made a major calculation based on the
results from the two demo sites. It says quite a bit about the
potential of looking at the big picture, if the entire Chinese
DH distribution network moved on to optimally-dimensioned
pumps.
If all 4,310,000,000 m2 in heated residences were heated by
new pumps in the future, the savings would reach 7,758,000
MWh/year, continues Torben Kynde Nielsen. This means that
the energy consumption can be reduced from 3.7 kWh/m2/year
to 1.9 kWh/m2/year. These amounts are enormous, equalling a
reduction of 8,999,280 tons CO2 emissions.
But the potential is even higher, which the example from
ChangJi proves.
From loud to silent
Regulated pumps can make a huge difference, according to
Torben Kynde Nielsen. But my experience has shown me that
it is also a type of operation that requires a widespread will
to believe in the technology. Several times, Ive experienced
that operational personnel become nervous when the pumps
run slowly and silently. It really must be hard, especially when
you are used to being surrounded by constant noise from the
pumps, running at full speed round the clock.
Also on Torben Kynde Nielsens wish list is that lots more of the
large DH plants carryout similar energy audits, not to mention
regulating valves on all radiators in homes.
That will save even more energy than opening and closing
windows. Imagine what it can mean in relationship to global
warming if Chinese energy consumption could be reduced to 30-
40 % of what it is now, he says, before adding: But it means that
an entire people will need to change their behaviour, which takes
time. But Energy Audit in Chinese District Heating Distribution
and a good partnership like ours has proven that you can make
lots of progress with small investments. Investments that pay
for themselves within one to two years.
Energy audits are the way forward!
For more information please contact
VEKS
Att.: Mr. Lars Gullev
Roskildevej 175
DK-2620 Albertslund
Phone: +45 4366 0366
lg@veks.dk
www.dbdh.dk
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Small Utilities Benefit from
Automatic Heat Meter Reading
By Mr. Gert Skriver, Web editor, Corporate Marketing, Kamstrup A/S
Advanced metering solutions are not only for large energy
suppliers with several thousand customers. As the advanced
system is intended to take over the burdensome operational
tasks and set resources free, especially the small utility with
few resources is likely to benefit from an automated metering
system.
If furthermore the system operation is being outsourced and
a permanent operation surveillance is included in the support
agreement, a utility with only one operator can get monthly
readings, access to real time data, leak surveillance, and
precise statistics of time and amount of consumed energy.
With this information at hand the utility is able to improve the
efficiency of the supply and send out bills on basis of actual
instead of estimated consumption.
But notably the leak surveillance has proven to be a manifest
service that strengthens the role of the utility in local society.
Leak Surveillance Averts Disaster
A small district heating (DH) utility in the village Haderup,
Denmark, with the operating manager as sole member of staff
enjoys a strong position in the minds of the local community.
Due to the fact that the utility, Feldborg-Haderup CHP, not only
supplies the app. 500 residences with a steady energy supply,
but also offers extra services such as leak surveillance, the
utility has obtained an important role as a provider of security
in addition to the energy supply.
The house owners readily acknowledge the advantages of a
surveillance of their heating installations. Recently one familys
house was undoubtedly saved from destruction because of
the leak surveillance.
In 2009 a customer experienced a genuine bursting of the
heating installation. One late evening the operating manager
at the utility, Svend Jensen, called the residents to inform
them that they had a problem. Shortly after, he appeared at
the residence and opened up into the basement from where
steaming hot water was pouring out. Quickly the supply was
cut off, and the day after the plumber exchanged the corroded
pipes. A disaster had been averted.
The reason for the managers quick arrival at the residence
even before the residents themselves found out there was
something wrong lies in the automatic meter reading and not
least in his own responsible attitude towards his work.
The Radio MeshNetwork
The heat meters are linked together in a radio network. Each
meter contains a radio module transmitting consumption data
to a centrally placed concentrator. From the concentrator
the data are being transmitted via the GSM net to the server
located at the system provider, Kamstrup.
Kamstrup runs a permanent operation surveillance which for
Svend Jensen is ideal as he is the only member of staff at the
utility. He puts it this way: I have nothing to do with the actual
operation of the radio network. I just receive the information.
Metering Services at Kamstrup notifies me if a module needs
being exchanged in a meter somewhere or an extra antenna
needs being mounted.
The meters must be trimmed in order to transmit with the
strongest possible signal. The Metering Services Division
keeps an eye on the signal quality and informs the utility for
maintenance of all metering hardware, such as where to place
additional routers as stepping stones for the radio signal. But
once the system has been trimmed, it runs by itself.
Among the collected data figures the actual as well as the
accumulated consumption that can be accessed directly by
the operating manager from a webportal.
E N E R G Y A N D E N V I R O N M E N T
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Leak Alarm by SMS
The principle of the leak surveillance is that the meters register
the actual flow by comparing forward flow with return flow. A
normal flow amounts to 50-70 litres/hour. If the flow exceeds
300 litres/hour the system will automatically generate a leak
alarm which is sent out by SMS.
The first person to receive the SMS containing the address
of the leakage is the manager who can then pay a visit to the
installation. In the recent case the actual flow showed no
less than 1,200 litres/hour. But a quick response ensured a
shutdown of the water supply after just 20 minutes from the
time of the alarm. Svend Jensen received the alarm at 9.45 p.m.
which is actually a good deal past normal working hours. But as
he points out: It is important to respond with equal urgency
every time; even in the middle of the night or on Sundays. But it
feels good to be able to offer that kind of service too. It gives
the utility a stronger position in the community.
In this way Svend Jensen has detected three serious leakages
in the past two years. Small leakages used not to be detected
at all, but the system is so sensitive that they are being picked
up too. In case of a minor leakage the manager receives the
alarm by e-mail. He can then contact the customer by phone
and inform them of the problem that needs being attended to
before it grows worse.
Often the alarm is caused by plumbing work where the
heating system is being emptied. In one case a plumber had
disconnected the meter from the return flow pipe which
resulted in about 50 leak alarms within two hours. But I would
rather turn out once too many times, than once too few, says
Svend Jensen.
With the old meters leakages had to be detected on site;
and since meter readings were only performed once a year, a
leakage was often detected only because of the residents own
suspicion and own daily readings. Now the metering system
runs a permanent surveillance of flow- and temperature
sensors in real time which eliminates any dispute with the
customer over unjust billing.
Automatic Meter Reading Compensates
for Manpower Shortage
Outsourcing the system operation gives the operating
manager extra capacity to perform his job. The fully automated
meter reading not only means an opportunity for offering
extra services, it also facilitates the procedures.

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Small Utilities Benefit from Automatic Heat Meter Reading
One of the main reasons for small utilities to invest in radio
mesh networks is that they get a hassle free access to
consumption data without having to disturb the residents. It is
a known fact that a pretty stable number of about 10% of all
residents submit their consumption data late (or not at all) to
the utility at the annual meter reading.
Another common problem is that the change of tenants in
rented housings is not always accompanied by the obligatory
meter reading. This kind of tiresome problems is history as
manual meter reading is replaced by an automatic system.
The consumption status is automatically updated at the end of
each month; and in case an immediate readout is required this
can be performed by the utility itself within five minutes.
As visits for the sake of meter reading are rendered superfluous
with an automated readout, one could think that the contact
between customers and utility would be weakened. But quite
the opposite: as the case shows, the automatic meter reading
opens up for a reallocation of the work force resources from
data collection to counselling.
The automation results in a surplus for other tasks like energy
counselling and optimizing the operation of the utility.
Monthly Readings Improve the Economy
The always up-to-date overview of flow and temperature
places the utility in a unique position of giving advice to the
customers in energy efficiency matters.
The frequent meter readings provide detailed statistics; and
detailed statistics lay the ground for energy savings. If the
utility at a specific customer over a couple of months registers
a deviant consumption pattern with low delta T, the customer
can be contacted with an offer to check the installations with
regard to the efficiency.
This is also for the utility one of the means to fulfil their
obligation to raise the energy efficiency. All DH utilities in
Denmark have been imposed an annual 2 % reduction in the
energy production.
In the large perspective the total overview of consumption,
qualified by monthly meter readings, enables a more proper
estimation of production. Feldborg-Haderup CHP has by
these means succeeded in lowering the forward temperature
from 80C to 71C which means tremendous cost savings.
This temperature reduction together with the reduction of
manpower hours let the manager, Svend Jensen, believe that
the investment in new meters and meter reading system will
be recovered within three years.
For further information please contact:
Kamstrup A/S
Att.: Mr. Gert Skriver
Industrivej 28, Stilling
DK-8660 Skanderborg
Phone: +45 8993 1000
Fax: +45 8993 1001
ges@kamstrup.dk
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By: Mr. Juan Ontiveros, P.E., Chair IDEA and Executive Director of Utilities
and Energy Management, the University of Texas at Austin
Mr. Kevin M. Kuretich, P.E., Associate Director of Utilities and Energy
Management, University of Texas at Austin
Mr. Steffen Iversen, P.E., Chief Technology Officer, 7-Technologies
Mr. Thomas S. Lund-Hansen, P.E., Vice-President, 7-Technologies

DISTRICT COOLING System Optimization Case Study of

CHALLENGES and Solutions at the Utilities and Energy

Management of the University of Texas at Austin, USA

In September of 2007 a representative from 7-Technologies (7T)

came on site to the University of Texas at Austin, USA (UTA) to
install the initial 7T TERMIS software model of the UTA district
cooling/chilled water system (CWS). This article part 2 of 2 UTA Utility and Energy Management Operations at a Glance
describes how operational energy management software with
success was applied to one of the largest and most complex The solution and implementation plan
chilled water systems in the USA - the UTA CWS - 4 production With so much potential for savings as described in part 1 of 2
plants with 11 chillers and a total capacity of 161 MW/45,000 (HOT|COOL 01/10) and a thorough market research UTA decided
tonnes. to implement the energy management software solution from
7T. The following is a schematic view of the solution and the
Introduction implementation plan:
We need to develop real-time models of our systems that allow
us to manage plant performance and distribution systems on
a real-time basis. It is too costly to instrument everything to
populate the energy models, so we need to take advantage of
the state-of-the-art real-time modeling and operational tools
available industry says Juan Ontiveros, and continues, this will
allow us to use limited instrumentation and let the real-time
model predict the rest of the system conditions. While this may
sound futuristic, let me assure you they have been doing it for
years in Denmark, and we at the University of Texas at Austin
have also started to do this with very good results. The matter
of the fact is it is much less costly to model information than
measure it. The components of the energy management solution.

Today the UTA Utilities and Energy Management provide all the
utility services to the 200 buildings at the campus and provide
100% of the power, steam, chilled water, de-ionized laboratory
water and compressed air for the campus.
Existing electronic data from models, billing systems, GIS are
easily imported by the Model Manager software and the Real
Time data from the SCADA/Historian system is easily imported
and validated for use in the TERMIS RTTMS software solution
through the Data Manager Software interface.

J O U R N A L N 0 . 2 / 2 0 1 0 www.dbdh.dk
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CHALLENGES and Solutions at the Utilities and Energy Management of the University of Texas ...

Implementation of the solution commissioning of a plant optimization solution and on several

To fully utilize and harvest the savings and benefits of the
energy management software solution related to increasing
safety, sustainability, efficiency, reliability and optimization, the
following four phase implementation plan has a strong and
proven track record:
1. Design and build the static thermal and hydraulic model
of the district energy system based on any electronic
information available.
2. Real-time modeling and simulation: Integrate and calibrate
the phase 1 model with the Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA) system.
3. Operation and maintenance of the district energy system
driven by the forecasting capabilities of the energy
management software solution in concert with the other
plant and building control and monitoring systems.
4. Optimization of the management, design, operation and
maintenance of the district energy system including
optimization of production, pumping, pressure, temperature
Results gained so far
The deployment of the solution is currently in phase 3 -
Operation of model and quantification of cost savings and
benefits and is in the preparation of phase 4 Optimization.
occasions identified instrumentation in default.
As mentioned previously the specifics of the challenges and
their solutions along with the benefits to UTA are indeed
specific to UTA. However, the UTA system is similar to hundreds
of other universities, industrial campuses and other utilities
all over not only the USA but the entire world. The knowledge
gained through this cooperative venture could provide benefits
to other plant, distribution system and building operators,
engineers, managers and consultants everywhere.
Moving forward Phase 4 Optimization
With TERMIS and TERMIS Operation real-time hydraulic and
thermal models available and always up-to-date for the UTA
engineers and operators in the control room feasibility study
was performed in December 2009 February 2010. The study
concluded potential annual savings of more than USD $ 500,000
primarily from less use of electricity for pumping and lower
dynamic supply temperature. The full amount would be available
after retrofitting work on 2 plants and the distribution network.
The following sub phases of phase 4 Optimization has been
identified:

The deployment of the energy management solution has so Phase 4.1

far cut the UTA operating costs several times over their initial The first step in this process is to individually optimize the
investment in less than 12 months . operation of each of the 4 individual district cooling plants
while monitoring the performance of the distribution system
Some of the significant savings has come from solving the and the buildings in the control room. The solution that has
following problems: been chosen by the University for each of the plants is a chiller
Found 2 forgotten main loop valves that upon opening plant optimization software solution, which has been installed
the valves allowed the shutdown of two 250 HP pumps. on UTAs new 15,000 ton chilled water plant.
Identification of a building that:
> Normally needed 750 liters per min/200 gpm (gallons The new chilling station houses 3 YORK Titan electric
per minute) at a 5 oC/9 oF degree delta T was now at centrifugal chillers each 5,000 ton - with variable frequency
a delta T of 1 degree which was forcing a flow rate of drives on each of the chiller motors. In addition the cooling
6,800 liters per min/1,800 gpm tower fan motors, the condenser water pump motors and
> The problem was quickly and easily solved significantly the chilled water pump motors will all have variable frequency
reducing the building pumps HP drives.
Found that two new loop valves recently installed had
never been opened saving 100 HP. Once this is completed then the operation of each individual
Used with great success to plan loop outages minimizing chilling station will be optimized and each station will produce
customer problems. chilled water at its minimum possible kW per ton for that
Example: Modeling several different scenarios to particular station. Depending on the chillers, Thermal Energy
schedule a recent loop shut down identified a chiller/valve Storage (TES) and other equipment at the stations, the
combination that eliminated chilled water service optimized kW per ton will vary from station to station.
problems to critical facilities.
Total pumping energy savings thus far is estimated at Phase 4.2
approximately 1,100 HP. The next phase of this optimization project is to optimize the
operation of all of the stations together in order to minimize
In addition the energy management software solution has total production costs.
proven its value as a virtual measurement device for the

E N E R G Y A N D E N V I R O N M E N T
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This process will consist of: Temperature optimization. The final item to result in significant
energy savings in chiller operation is chilled water supply
Differential pressure optimization. Minimizing the differential temperature reset temperature optimization. As with items
pressure between the supply and return chilled water piping 1 and 2 above, when the campus load is at its peak outside
systems while still meeting the cooling needs at each and every air temperatures and humidity are typically quite high and
building on the chilled water loop. This would be done through resetting the chilled water supply temperature to a higher
a coordinated supply pressure reset of all of the stations value is not an option. On these peak days the design supply
together pressure optimization. UTA has already identified temperature of 3.9 C/39F is required to ensure that the
the critical piping areas where given minimum differential campus cooling load is met.
pressures must exist to meet building needs. As the cooling
load drops in cooler weather the pressure losses throughout
the system also drop as less chilled
water is being pumped. Being able
to coordinate the reduction of
chilled water supply pressure using
the variable frequency drives on the
chilled water pumps will result in
significant pumping energy savings.

The goal of this part of the project

would be to deploy a pumping
optimization scheme that would
coordinate the pumping at all
of the stations to minimize the
pumping energy required to maintain
the critical minimum differential
pressures throughout the chilled
water loop.

Production and pump optimization.

The next piece is what chiller plants
to operate to meet the current load
in the most cost effective manner
possible. When the campus cooling
load is at its peak there are no
alternatives as to what chillers or
chilled water plants to run. However,
during the off-peak cooling season

Climate Change
many different combinations of
chiller plants and chillers can be

- a WorldWide
operated. While knowledge of the
most efficient chillers can provide
some of the information needed to
run at the lowest cost, the hydraulics Challenge
of the chilled water loop itself make
Securing our energy resources for tomorrow requires
it possible to choose which plant/ action today. Ramboll provide consultancy services on
chiller combination provides the energy solutions around the world
lowest overall operating cost. Again,
using the TERMIS Production, TES www.Ramboll.dk
and Pumping Optimization modules
in concert with information detailing
the operating cost of each individual
chiller will allow UTA to optimize which
chillers and plants to operate.

J O U R N A L N 0 . 2 / 2 0 1 0 www.dbdh.dk
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CHALLENGES and Solutions at the Utilities and Energy Management of the University of Texas ...

As outside air temperatures drop and Summary

humidity drops it is possible to reset
the chilled water supply temperature
as high as 6.7C/44F. At this chilled
water temperature under lower load
conditions the campus cooling loads
can still be met. The savings comes from
the decreasing the difference between
the evaporator temperature and the
condenser temperature. So by increasing
the chilled water supply temperature
by 2.8C/5F the diffidence between
the evaporator temperature and
condenser temperature has decreased
by 2.8C/5F providing significant kW
savings in compressor energy.
Using the TERMIS model to predict
supply temperatures throughout
the chilled water distribution system
UTA can ensure that the reset in
supply temperature does not lead to
excessively high supply temperatures
in buildings that are the farthest away
from the chiller plants.
The vision of how UTAs chilled water
system is being optimized by merging
several technologies can be summed up
as follows:
Utilizing variable speed drive
technology not only on fan and pump
motors but on the YORK chillers
themselves allows the chillers and the
chiller plants to operate at the lowest
possible kW per ton - if operated
properly!
Using the plant optimization
solution UTA will be able to take full
advantage of the benefits of the
variable frequency drive technology
to optimize the operation of individual
chillers and individual chiller plants.
For the current and forecasted campus
cooling load (a given condition that
must be met) the TERMIS Operation
in conjunction with the Production,
TES, Pumping Optimization module will
determine the optimum combination of
chiller plants and plant loading. Then
within each plant the production costs
for each particular plant will be
optimized. Sometimes that can
require shifting load from one
plant to another. The TERMIS TVIS Multicity
Operation solution then takes this
information, performs any campus
District Heating
wide pressure or temperature 55,000 homes in Vejle, Fredericia,
optimization/reset that may be Middelfart and Kolding Munici-
possible and then check to ensure palities are served with surplus
that the campus cooling load is heat through the regional heat
met. This process runs continuously transmission network of TVIS.
in the end providing the lowest kW
per ton production energy cost
possible.
For further information
please contact:
Vejle Copenhagen
The University of Texas at Austin Fredericia
Kolding Middelfart
Att.: Mr. Juan Ontiveros
Att.: Mr. Kevin Kuretic
215 East 24th Street
Austin, Texas
78712 USA Vejle
juano@mail.utexas.edu
kuretichk@mail.utexas.edu
7-Technologies
Att.: Mr. Steffen Iversen
Bistruphave 3
Fredericia
DK-3460 Birkerd
Phone: +45 4590 0700
Fax: +45 4590 0701
SIV@7T.dk
Middelfart

Overlaying this system with the 7-Technologies Kolding

capabilities of the TERMIS district Thomas S. Lund-Hansen

energy optimizing system the 264 Avalon Gardens Drive
optimization of operations can be USA Nanuet - NY 10 954
taken further by coordinating the Phone: + 1 845 270 3897
operations of all four chiller plants Fax: + 1 845 406 4586
together as well as providing both a tlh@7T.dk
detailed and high level over view of the
distribution system itself. Ensuring
that the cooling needs of the campus
continue to be met.

E N E R G Y A N D E N V I R O N M E N T

Annonce til tvis nov 2009 60x200 med Danmarkskort.indd 1 05-01-2010 11:59:00

R&D in District Energy
By Mr. Anders Hanberg Srensen, chairman of the board of Danish Development Centre for District Energy and rector at Aarhus School of Marine and
Technical Engineering, Mr. Bjarne Munk Jensen, Head of Waste Heat Department, AffaldVarme rhus (The DH-company of Aarhus), Mr. Stephan Heessels,
General Manager, Danfoss District Heating A/S and Mr. Flemming Hammer, Danish Development Centre for District Energy.
September, almost sixty persons gathered in Denmark in order
to establish a new forum focusing on research, development,
demonstration and education within the district energy sector.
During 24 hours, a number of subjects and project ideas
concerning the further development of the system district
energy were presented, considered and further debated and
put on paper for further consideration and action. By the
end of the meeting a new association named Fjernvarmens
Udviklingscenter or Danish Development Centre for District
Energy (DCDE) was founded .
Six months later, we have 61 members representing large and
small district heating (DH) companies, industry, consulting
engineers and educational institutions as well as professional
and industrial bodies.
DCDE is located at the Aarhus School of Marine and Technical
Engineering educating a lot of operational engineers for the
sector, and the chairman of the centre is rector of this school.
Future potential
The current global focus on climate change has stimulated
the interest for district heating and cooling (DHC) in many
countries. In Denmark we are still extending our systems and
replacing the use of fossil fuels with renewable energy sources.
In this way DH has played a major role in the reduction of Danish
CO2 emissions, as the generation of heat for an increasing
number of customers grew by 40% during the last decade,
while the emission from the sector decreased by 31%.
Varmeplan Danmark (Heat Plan Denmark) from 2008 was
the first scientific research to investigate the potential for
DH in future Denmark. The plan suggests and supports the
perspective for society that heat energy based 100% on
renewable energy sources can be achieved. The project report
concludes that it will be possible to cover up to 60-70% of
the complete demand for heating and hot water by means of
DH in 2030. Today DH covers 60% of the demand for heating
in all Danish homes, while the coverage in other sectors still is
somewhat lower.
J O U R N A L N 0 . 1 / 2 0 1 0
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Vision
The new centre is based on a unique cooperation between
DH utilities, industry, consulting engineers and universities.
Together we want to increase the level of knowledge and
to promote and push more research, development, and
demonstration into the complete complex of technologies
and methods covering district energy. We take a holistic view
on district energy from energy source to final consumption in
existing or new buildings also embracing new low energy houses.
Combined heat and power (CHP) is still a prominent part of
a DH system. CHP is able to cut the use of fuels, as surplus
heat can be used for people instead of for birds or fish in our
environment. However, there are still formal and technical
barriers to overcome, before the fossil fuels are completely
replaced by renewables in small or large CHP-plants. CHP has
high attention and high status on the energy agenda, while
DH still has a low status in many countries. Based on Danish
experience showing 70% of the heat for DH is coming from CHP,
we may ask the question: Why plan for CHP on a large scale, if the
infrastructure does not encompass a substantial heat market
in the shape of an efficient distribution system? In a few cases,
some industries may be able to use heat on a large scale, but
a DH system is always able to transmit heat to a large number
of con-sumers. If DH-systems were not available, electricity, oil
or gas would still be the first choice for local heating systems
in large cities, and in that case the demand for fossil fuels and
their entailing emission of climate gasses would remain high.
In the sector we still need to find cost effective ways of storing
large amounts of heat, so that the dependency between
generation of heat and power becomes more flexible and in
order to enable storage of heat from other sources. This is also
an issue in relation to the increasing share of wind power, which
could generate heat in certain periods either directly or via
heat pumps. In this connection thermal energy in water (Read:
district heating systems) is seen as a perfect buffer. But we
still need to develop the smart and cost effective way to do it.
www.dbdh.dk
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MORE R&D in District Energy
Also in the distribution system there are lots of actions to
be taken in order to reduce losses and improve the efficiency
further. New ways of distributing heat and integrating heat
input from some of the consumers may be an area for new
thinking. An important measure to reduce heat loss is the use
of low temperatures in our distribution systems. Finally, the
house connections and the way we deal with customers need
a brush up.
Mission
The DH-companies has a role to constantly improve the
efficiency and compatibility of their systems. They can host
tests and demonstrate new ideas, methods and technologies
in their systems. The industrial suppliers and consultants can
learn from the operators what is needed in order to improve
the plants and by that develop new products and methods. The
universities have the capability to research and develop and
also turn the students attention to the potential of district
energy in respect of a greener world. Part of this task is to
include district energy and related is-sues into teaching.
The new centre is put in the middle of this cross field of
experience and knowledge, and its mis-sion supported by the
members therefore is to inspire, promote and support the
development to take place among the actors of the centre and
on the energy scene in general. This effort cannot and shall
not be a closed business. We want to interact and deal with
other actors and centers inside and outside Denmark, where
valuable knowledge and experience may be found and involved in
order to improve the district energy sector. Therefore we have
established the first contacts to related bodies in Denmark and
abroad.
Actions to be taken
In this spring, staff from member organizations gathered in
the House of District Heating in Kolding in order to spend the
day to set up and discuss project proposals, which should be
commissioned in the near future.
Low temperature DH is a big issue. Many DH-companies are
striving for lower flow and return temperatures in order to
reduce heat loss. In fact many utilities already operates their
plants with flow temperatures as low as 65C during many
hours throughout the year. However, the return temperature
has not yet been reduced sufficiently, and that demands the use
of new equipment for particularly hot sanitary water. A barrier
in this connection is the risk for infection of legionella bacteria.
Therefore it was decided to investigate this issue in details and
probably execute full scale tests in order to identify conditions,
where this risk is real and how it can be dealt with. Experience
and inputs from other countries would be very welcome.
One group dealt with new criteria for the design and sizing
of distribution networks, when a large number of low energy
housing appears and need to be integrated in DH networks.
These lower demands will definitely affect the size of pipelines
and the mode of operation. This aspect has to be taken into
account in due time.
No doubt, new renewable energies like local solar and geothermal
will gain importance, and the lower temperatures we can apply
in our systems, the more sustainable energy can be exploited.
Also storage of DH was discussed in a group, and it was decided
to investigate various ideas combined with use of heat pumps.
Summer School District Energy
This summer Danish Development Centre for District Energy in
cooperation with the Engineering College of Aarhus will run the
Summer School District Energy of two weeks in August.
The purpose of the Summer School is to enable the students to
apply their engineering competences to district energy issues,
and to gain an insight into the technology and the main compo-
nents, different kinds of heat production, smart production
and consumption, and the great environmental advantage in
using district energy.
The school welcomes engineering students who will finish their
education within the next year to apply. It will also be possible
for young engineers with less than one year of experience in the
sec-tor to take part.
HEAT PUMP PLANT
DISTRICT COOLING
DISTRICT HEATING
POWER
HEAT
POWER
HEAT EXCHANGER
THE SEA
WASTE WATER
SEWAGE DISPOSAL PLANT
The Summer School will combine lectures, company visits and
exercises and finish with a case study. A considerable part of
the course will be carried out in cooperation with industry, heat
sup-ply companies and consulting engineers. Several days the
lessons will be conducted by the companies at their localities.
With this initiative we hope to pave the road for a higher
attention of district energy among young professionals. We
look forward to welcome young students and engineers from
all over the globe and to show them what can be achieved in the
direction of a sustainable future.
A vision for future sustainable energy generation in Aarhus:
Heat in a sewage disposal plant is exploited via heat pumps for
district energy networks and wind turbines supply non-fossil
power.
E N E R G Y A N D E N V I R O N M E N T
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For further information please contact: Danfoss District Heating A/S, Danfoss Redan A/S
Mr. Stephan Heessels
Aarhus School of Marine and Technical Engineering Omega 7, Sften
Mr. Anders Hanberg Srensen DK-8382, Hinnerup
Borggade 6 Phone: +45 8743 8975
DK-8000 Aarhus C Mobile: +45 2966 5523
ahs@aams.dk stephanheessels@danfoss.com

AffaldVarme Aarhus (the DH-company of Aarhus) Danish Development Centre for District Energy
Mr. Bjarne Munk Jensen, Mr. Flemming Hammer
Bautavej 1 Jens Chr. Skous Vej 9
DK-8210 Aarhus V DK-8000 rhus C
Phone: +45 8940 1900 Phone: +45 8739 6600
Mobile: +45 2920 9274 Mobile: +45 2469 6780
bj je@aarhus.dk fha@fjvu.dk
articles from Hot|cool at:

Wastewater Problems?
www.dbdh.dk

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Energy consumption: 10 kWh/m3.

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Envotherm A/S . Nordborgvej 81 / L3 . DK-6340 Nordborg

Tel.: +45 73 650 900 . www.envotherm.com

J O U R N A L N 0 . 2 / 2 0 1 0 www.dbdh.dk
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Visit to Japan and South Korea
sharing Danish knowhow, equipment and experience
In March 2010, The Danish Prime Minister, Mr. Lars Loekke
Rasmussen, personally invited 20 Danish business leaders from
Denmark, including Mr. Jes B. Christensen (DBDH), to join his
visit to Japan and South Korea. The purpose of the trip was to
exchange information and know-how at very high political level.
According to EU, Japan is the most energy efficient country
in the world, however the worlds second largest importer
of energy supply. More than 40 % of their needs are being
supplemented by oil and coal from foreign countries. Recently,
Japan has reaffirmed their commitment to the Copenhagen
Accord and they have to reduce their total CO2 emissions
by 25 % in 2020 compared to 1990 levels. So theres a need
for Danish knowhow, equipment and experience. One specific
area that requires special attention is the housing sector. In
Denmark we have managed to halve our energy consumption
in houses due to better building codes and district heating as
oppose to the Japanese housing sector that has increase its
demand for energy by 220% - within the same time frame.
World-class water pumps
More than 100 years of experience in design, sales, production, testing
and after-sales service world wide of centrifugalpumps
Generatorvej 10
DK-2730 Herlev Denmark
Phone: +45 44 91 67 88
Telefax: +45 44 91 16 44
www.ironpump.com
In 1964, South Korea had the same export as Sudan and Tanzania,
and exported their first 100 million USD. In that period of time,
dried squid were their absolute largest export source.
Today, South Korea has an export of 426 billion USD, whereas
Samsung is the worlds largest manufacturer of electronic,
Hyundai is the worlds fourth largest automotive manufacturer,
and the HHI is the market leader in shipbuilding, but when it
comes to energy efficiency, South Korea comes last on the
list of OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and
Development).
South Korea imports about 97 % of their total energy supply
from mainly the Middle East, which is also a big challenge.
However, 10 % of the population is being supplied by district
heating and the market is growing with approx. 10 % annually.
This makes South Korea an attractive market for district
heating and cooling.
From 1990 to 2005, Korea doubled their emissions of CO2, so
in 2008 the South Korean president introduced a plan with the
slogan Low Carbon, Green Growth. In this context, Denmark,
and the Danish Example of economic growth, stable energy
consumption, and reduction of CO2 emissions, has often been
mentioned.
The Prime Minister and DBDH informed the Japanese and South
Koreans about the advantages of district heating and cooling
as necessary infrastructure for cities to become sustainable.
Heating and cooling can reduce their dependency on imported
oil and natural gas. With district heating and cooling, Japan
and South Korea
can concentrate
on exploiting
domestic energy
resources like bio-
mass and waste,
and focus on geo-
thermal, wind and
solar energy.

Visit to St. Petersburg
E4 Group, CEO Danil Nikitin visits DBDH for signing of
Memorandum of Understanding with DBDH, Danish Energy
Agency and Danish Consulate General St. Petersburg.
On the occasion of the state visit to Denmark by H. E. President
Dmitry Medvedev, CEO of E4 Group, Mr. Danil Nikitin and
Chairman of the Board Mr. Mikhail Abyzov joined the energy
delegation accompanying the president on his visit. During the
Energy Session of a large Russian-Danish Business conference
arranged by DI, CEO Danil Nikitin was among the speakers
along with among others CEO Preben Tolstrup, Logstor A/S
and General Director Mikhail Shapiro, Danfoss Russia.
In the afternoon E4 Group visited DBDH in order to confirm
and sign the Memorandum of Understanding which has been
drawn up between E4, Danish Energy Agency, Danish Consulate
General and DBDH. The Memorandum is seen as an important
step to strenghten the cooperation between E4 and the Danish
companies concerning energy projects in Russia. Since the
start of the cooperation in November 2009, several member
companies of DBDH have held training seminars with designers
and engineers of E4. During the visit at DBDH, Danil Nikitin also
expressed the support of DBDH events in Sibiria in the coming
2 years. With more than 25,000 employees and 50 enterprises
in Russia, E4 is a strong partner in the energy field.
Several member companies took part in the ceremony which
was celebrated with champagne and informal talks between E4
and the Danish companies.
www.e4group.ru
J O U R N A L N 0 . 2 / 2 0 1 0
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Thomas Teglstrup memorial
Thomas Teglstrup 50 years old passed away on the 05th April
2010, and was buried on the 10th April 2010 from Mern Church
in Denmark. Thomas was BROENs Chief Representative in
China from 2003 and became Chairman for DBDH China in
March 2005, a position he held until September 2009.
Thomas was born on the 12th of December 1959. After he
finished his commercial education in 1976, Thomas began to
work in the agriculture sector for a company called DLG.
From the agriculture sector, Thomas moved on and became
Sales Manager in the agricultural machinery industry. This was
his springboard for starting in the District Heating sector. In
2000 Thomas was employed by BROEN as Export Manager, and
that gave him many business trips to China.
In his free time Thomas was a inveterate sailor, Thomas had
for many years his own sailboat in Assens Marina on Fyn
unfortunately he had to give that up when he moved to China.
Thomas moved permanently to China for BROEN in April 2003,
and organised the Representative Office quite from scratch.
This office is today a considerable important activity for
BROEN.
In 2009 Thomas asked to be relieved as Chairman for DBDH
China due to his 2. operation. For more than a year Thomas
was fighting against the cancer. He was always optimistic until
the very end.
We will all be missing Thomas, who was a good friend and a
serious business representative for his company as well as
for DBDH. Thomas took the lead as DBDH Chairman in a great
number of DBDH road shows around in China, always in good
humour and as a serious speaker. Thomas was a good friend to
all of us in the China branch of DBDH, and we know that he got
many Chinese friends via his business relations.
Thomas leaves his two young daughters, a baby boy and his
wife,
In honour of his memory.
Per T Christensen
Vice Chairman DBDH
www.dbdh.dk
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DALL ENERGY
DBDH member of the year
By Marianne Louise Hansen, Information and Marketing Manager, DBDH
At DBDHs annual general meeting,
Dall Energy was elected as the DBDH
member of the year 2009. The tension
was high as the Managing Director, Mr.
Jes B. Christensen, without disclosing
any names, listed a long list of positive
arguments for choosing the new
member of the year. After a while the
penny finally dropped for Mr. Dall and he
showed a slight smile that became even
bigger, when hearing, that the choice fell
on Dall Energy because of the companys
outstanding contribution, dedication
and level of activity, and because Dall
Energy has proven to be the most
active and conscientious member of the
organization throughout the year.
Mr. Jes B. Christensen, DBDH, congratulates
Mr. Jens Dall Bentzen, Dall Energy, at DBDHs
annual general meeting, March 2010
New biomass technologies
from Dall Energy
Dall Energy is a young company with
the vision to deliver innovative biomass
plants for production of heat, power
and cooling production. The company
is situated at the DTU Science Park
in Hoersholm, only 20 kilometers from
Copenhagen, and Mr. Jens Dall Bentzen,
founder of - and chief engineer of Dall
Energy - welcomes me in a beautiful, red
house close to a small lake. This is the
place where Mr. Dall develops his new
biomass technologies.
Biomass is one of the key resources
in the futures sustainable energy
supply, but many types of biomasses
are not easy to convert into useful
energy in terms of power and heating.
I am good at listening to the problems
that end users and researchers can
have, and I am doing my best to find
the right solutions to their problems.
From my previous jobs, I have learned
a lot, and I have participated in many
research and development projects
and have experienced my inventions
working in practice. This has given me
enough self-confidence to start my own
company, and with more than 15 years
of experience in research, development
and implementation of energy plants
in Denmark and abroad, Mr. Dall knows
what he is talking about.
Many components in biomass plants
have been imported to biomass plants
from other industries. Sometimes when
the components didnt work well enough
with the biomass plant, they were
adjusted. But rarely, the adjustments
have been satisfying enough. In Dall
Energy we put the biomass in the centre
and develop technologies which are
designed for the biomass. Therefore our
products may look very different from
existing products, and because Danish
plant owners are very conservative, it
has been quite difficult to sell our first
plant. But we have received grants from
the EUDP (EUDP is an Energy Technology
Development and Demonstration
Program, which supports development
E N E R G Y
and demonstration of new energy
technologies), to make a pilot plant
and we are now preparing a full scale
plant. Hopefully, this will convince the
conservative plant owners.
The Dall Energy biomass furnace
An example of a new product, that looks
very different from standard products,
is the Dall Energy furnace. Mr. Dall
explains: Updraft gasification is known
as a very reliable technology to convert
various types of fuels into gas. Updraft
gasifies are also very fast to regulate
up and down and to produce a very clean
ash. Furthermore the furnace combines
the advantages of updraft gasification
with gas combustion.
Principle diagram of the Dall Energy furnace: In
the bottom part the fuel is converted into gas.
In the top part the gas is burned.
When Mr. Dall initiates a new design or
invention, he consults experts who have
practical experience and theoretical
insight, and with the help from Force
Technologies and Gasification Denmark,
Mr. Dall has done a lot of engineering on
the furnace and now it works perfect,
both in full and part load.
A N D E N V I R O N M E N T
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Jens Dall Bentzen is clearly proud of the
results made by the team because the
furnace has proven that the emissions
are much lower than normally. The
furnaces dust load is for instance
reduced with more than 90% compared
to other biomass furnaces.
A 2 MW Dall Energy furnace
a broad spectrum of fuels. And some
plant owners want more than heat, e.g.
power and/or cooling. Flexibility is the
key word, explains Mr. Dall.
DBDH wishes Dall Energy all the best
of luck, and we are confident that his
inventions and ideas will become of
great importance and success in the
future.
The Dall Energy biomass furnace
combines updraft gasification
with gas combustion. The Dall
Energy furnace meet many of
these requirements such as:
Fuel flexibility, low maintenance
costs, no hot moving parts, low
emissions, high efficiency, low
carbon in ash, fast to regulate,
good performance at low load.
Furthermore it has environmental
impact: low NOx, CO, and dust
in the flue gas and low carbon in
the ash. The development of the
combustion technology has been
supported by the EUDP program.

Mr. Dall finds it very satisfying to
invent new solutions and to actually
experience them in reality. I believe that
the future of biomass plants lies within
multi fuel and multipurpose plants. The
plant owners want plants that can take
SEM steel industry is the industrial
Multi-fuel oven & multi-product system partner of Dall Energy.
For further information about
Dall Energy, please visit
www.dallenergy.com

Brunata OpTherma A Brunata OpTherma substation equals

optimum flexibility available in all
all the flexibility sizes and custom made to changing
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The substation is delivered complete,

function tested and with all electrical
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costs. It is in short a Brunata plug-and-
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Ann_substation_185x130_DBDH.indd 1 20-05-2010 14:59:54

J O U R N A L N 0 . 2 / 2 0 1 0 www.dbdh.dk
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Aalborg Engineering Phone +45 9631 3950 Dall Energy Phone +45 2987 2222
Supplier of boilers and boiler systems Fax +45 9631 3951 New Biomass Technologies info@dallenergy.com
ae@aalborg-engineering.dk www.dallenergy.com
www.aalborg-engineering.com

ABB Phone +45 4450 4450 Danfoss Phone +45 7488 2222
Monitoring and control for Fax +45 4450 4311 Heating controls, metering Fax +45 7449 0949
district heating networks abb@dk.abb.com and pump speed control danfoss@danfoss.com
www.abb.com www.danfoss.com

AffaldVarme Aarhus Phone +45 8940 1500 DONG Energy

Phone +45 9955 1111
jawi@akv.aarhus.dk Fax +45 7622 1980
www.aarhuskommune.dk dongenergy@dongenergy.dk
www.dongenergy.dk

Albertslund Fjernvarme Phone +45 4364 8692 Energi Viborg Phone +45 8929 2929
District heating company Fax +45 4364 3888 Supplier of dynamic valves for Fax +45 8929 2939
albertslund@albertslund.dk heating and cooling systems energi@energiviborg.dk
www.energiviborg.dk

Amagerforbrnding Phone +45 3268 9300 Envotherm Phone +45 7365 0900
Waste and energy company Fax +45 3268 9393 Fax: +45 7442 4770
amfor@amfor.dk info@envotherm.dk
www.amfor.dk www.envotherm.dk

APV Phone +45 7027 8444 Fjernvarme Fyn Phone +45 6547 3000
Plate heat exchangers Fax +45 7632 4110 Supplier of dynamic valves for Fax +45 6547 3001
heatexchanger@apv.com heating and cooling systems kontakt@fjernvarmefyn.dk
www.apv.invensys.com www.fjernvarmefyn.dk

Broen Phone +45 6471 2095 Focus Energy Phone +45 9714 2022
Ballomax valves Fax +45 6471 2195 Biomass-based boiler systems Fax +45 9714 2686
broen@broen.dk post@focusenergy.dk
www.broen.com www.focusenergy.dk

Brunata Phone +45 7777 7000 Frederiksberg Forsyning Phone +45 3818 5100
Heat cost allocators, heat meters, Fax +45 7777 7001 Municipal district heating supply Fax +45 3818 5199
water meters and heat and water brunata@brunata.dk ff@frb-forsyning.dk
accounting service www.brunata.com www.frb-forsyning.dk

BWSC Phone +45 4814 0022 Grontmij | Carl Bro Phone +45 4348 6060
Heat & power plant developer, turnkey Fax +45 4814 0150 Consulting engineers and planners Fax +45 4348 6660
and operation contractor sales@bwsc.dk cbg@carlbro.dk
www.bwsc.dk www.carlbro.com

Cowi Phone +45 4597 2211 Grundfos Phone +45 8750 1400
Consulting engineers and planners Fax +45 4597 2212 Submersible pumps, centrifugal Fax +45 8750 1490
cowi@cowi.dk pumps and circulators grundfos@grundfos.com
www.cowi.dk www.grundfos.com

CTR Phone +45 3818 5777 HentechSolution ApS

Phone +45 4390 4720
Metropolitan Copenhagen Fax +45 3818 5799 Mechanical seals Fax +45 4390 4775
Heating Transmission Company ctr@ctr.dk huhnseal@huhnseal.dk
www.ctr.dk www.huhnseal.dk
humour
District

E N E R G Y A N D E N V I R O N M E N T
 P
_
31

Hydro-X Phone +45 9828 2111 SK Forsyning Phone +45 5836 2500
Boiler water treatment Fax +45 9828 3021 Municipal district heating supply Fax +45 5836 2501
info@hydro-x.dk info@skforsyning.dk
www.hydro-x.dk www.skforsyning.dk

Iron Pump Phone +45 4491 6788 7-Technologies Phone +45 45 900 700
Manufacturer of pumps Fax +45 4454 7119 Quality software for profitable Fax +45 4590 0701
bts@ironpump.dk operation of industriel plants sales@7t.dk
www.ironpump.com and utilities www.7t.dk

Kamstrup Phone +45 8993 1000 TVIS Phone +45 7594 0711
Supplier of energy meters & automatic Fax +45 8993 1001 Heat transmission company tvis@tvis.net
meter reading systems for heat, cooling, energi@kamstrup.dk of Denmarks triangle area. www.tvis.net
water and gas www.kamstrup.com

Kbenhavns Energi Phone +45 2795 2750 Uno Transport

Phone +45 7020 8011
Copenhagen Energy Fax +45 2795 2012 Transports Fax +45 7020 8012
ke@ke.dk uno@unotransport.com
www.ke.dk www.unotransport.dk

Logstor Phone +45 9966 1000 VEKS Phone +45 4366 0366
Preinsulated transmission Fax +45 9966 1180 West Copenhagen Heating Fax +45 4366 0369
and distribution pipes lr@logstor.com Transmission Company veks@veks.dk
www.logstor.com www.veks.dk

Niras Phone +45 6212 1581 Verdo Phone +45 8911 4811
Consulting engineers and planners Fax +45 4014 2784 Energy company producing and selling Fax +45 8911 4800
niras@niras.dk heat and power energirandersenergiranders.
www.niras.dk dk
www.energiranders.dk

OKR Cleaning Phone +45 8692 4422 Vestforbrnding Phone +45 4485 7000
Boiler cleaning Fax +45 8692 2919 Power and heat supply based on Fax +45 4485 7001
okr@email.dk waste incineration vestfor@vestfor.dk
www.okrcleaning.dk www.vestfor.dk

Rambll Phone +45 4598 6000 DBDH Phone +45 3818 5440
Consulting engineers and planners Fax +45 4598 6700 Secretariat Fax +45 3818 5444
ramboll@ramboll.dk dbdh@dbdh.dk
www.ramboll.dk www.dbdh.dk

Choosing
Choosing a
a Lifetime
Lifetime
Partnership
Partnership in
in Energy
Energy
A Lifetime Investment
A Lifetime Investment
Our objective is to become your lifetime partner for customized boiler
Our objective is to become your lifetime partner for customized boiler
plants. Our Package Boilers and Heat Recovery Steam Generators are
plants. Our Package Boilers and Heat Recovery Steam Generators are
based on reliable solutions. Each individual boiler design is unique
based on reliable solutions. Each individual boiler design is unique
and offers the level of customization, efficiency, environmental
and offers the level of customization, efficiency, environmental
protection and maintenance required for your plant.
protection and maintenance required for your plant.

Aalborg Engineering recognizes that your investment

Aalborg Engineering recognizes that your investment
is considered a lifetime investment.
is considered a lifetime investment.

Aalborg Engineering A/S | DENMARK | Phone: +45 96 31 39 50

Aalborg
Aalborg Engineering
Engineering A/Ss.r.o.
Slovakia | DENMARK | Phone:
| SLOVAKIA +45 +42
| Phone: 96 31 39631
136 50 5518
Aalborg Engineering Slovakia s.r.o. | SLOVAKIA | Phone: +42 136 631 5518
www.aalborg-engineering.com
www.aalborg-engineering.com
 Performance documentation based on
multiple measurements

Number of measurements
0.023 W/mK
7

p i n d p r o m o t o r . d k 19110
2

0
0.0204 0.0211 0.0217 0.0224 0.0231 0.0238 0.0245 0.0252 0.0259
W/mK

Example When measuring lambda values of pre-insulated pipe, the norm is

one external measurement on a randomly selected length of pipe.
Type of pipe Lambda Heat loss Cost of heat loss CO2 emissions
value This value is then used to document the insulation performance
W/mK W/m trench 1000 EUR Tons
of all the lengths of pre-insulated pipe from the same production
Single pipe
without diffusion barrier, 0.027 49.7 82 147 199 783 1611 2485 set-up.
traditionally produced
Single pipe
with diffusion barrier, 0.024 41.6 72 126 167 692 1383 2075
continuously produced We have now set up our own laboratory for testing LOGSTOR
Single pipe
with diffusion barrier, 0.023 * 40 70 122 160 665 1330 1995 pre-insulated pipe, using the same methods as the Danish Tech-
continuously produced NEW
10 y 20 y 30 y 10 y 20 y 30 y
nological Institute. This means we can carry out measurements
Assumptions:
Single pipe DN 100/200, Series 1 Service pipe: Steel Pipe run: 500 m trench
on a continuous basis, providing lambda values based on a
T flow/return: 110/70C Energy: Coal CHP plant Efficiency: 90 calculated average of a large number of measurements, carried
Energy price: EUR 46.67/MWh Effective interest rate: 3%
out both in-house and by external bodies.
Make your own calculations, based on your own companys figures, using
www.logstor.com/calculator. We have chosen to make these lambda measuring results
public, for full transparency and as part of the LOGSTOR drive to
*) The average of the lambda value measurements carried out in-house
by LOGSTOR and by external testing bodies has resulted in new, even document the quality of our pre-insulated pipe systems. Current
better lambda values of 0.023 W/mK instead of 0.024 W/mK for axial lambda values are available at www.logstor.com/dokumentation.
ContiPipe.

LOGSTOR A/S
Danmarksvej 11 DK-9670 Lgstr Denmark
Tel. +45 9966 1000 Fax +45 9966 1180
logstor@logstor.com www.logstor.com