Professional Documents
Culture Documents
20 June 2003
Non-destructive testing
of welded joints
Ultrasonic testing of
welded joints
Licensed Copy: Tom Magee, Howden Power, 20 June 2003, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
ICS 25.160.40
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BS EN 1714:1998
National foreword
This British Standard is the English language version of EN 1714:1997,
including amendment A1:2002. It supersedes BS 3923:Part 1:1986, which is
withdrawn.
The start and finish of text introduced or altered by CEN amendment is
indicated in the text by tags !". Tags indicating change to CEN text carry
the number of the amendment. For example, text altered by CEN amendment
A1 is indicated by !".
As agreed by CEN/TC 121/SC 5 resolution 134/2000 and in accordance with
amendment A1:2002, the term examination has been replaced by testing
throughout the document.
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee
WEE/46, Non-destructive testing, which has the responsibility to:
aid enquirers to understand the text;
present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the
interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests
informed;
monitor related international and European developments and
promulgate them in the UK.
A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on
request to its secretary.
The first column of Table A.1 has been corrected by Corrigendum No. 1, and
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Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page,
pages 2 to 27 and a back cover.
The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the
document was last issued.
ICS 25.160.40
Descriptors: Welded joints, fusion welding, metals, non-destructive tests, quality control, weld defects, ultrasonic tests, testing
conditions, surface treatment
English version
CEN
European Committee for Standardization
Comit Europen de Normalisation
Europisches Komitee fr Normung
1997 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved for CEN national Members.
Ref. No. EN 1714:1997 + A1:2002 E
EN 1714:1997
Foreword Contents
Page
This European Standard has been prepared by
Technical Committee CEN/TC 121, Welding, the Foreword 2
Secretariat of which is held by DS. 1 Scope 3
This European Standard shall be given the status of 2 Normative references 3
a national standard, either by publication of an 3 Definitions and symbols 3
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by 4 General 4
February 1998, and conflicting national standards 5 Information required prior to testing 4
shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 1998. 6 Requirements for personnel and
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal equipment 5
Regulations, the national standards organizations 7 Testing volume 6
of the following countries are bound to implement 8 Preparation of scanning surfaces 6
this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech
9 Parent metal testing 7
Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany,
Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, 10 Range and sensitivity setting 8
Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, 11 Testing levels 9
Switzerland and the United Kingdom. 12 Testing technique 9
13 Test report 11
Foreword to amendment A1 Annex A (normative) Testing levels for
various types of welded joints 13
This document EN 1714:1997/A1:2002 has been
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1 Scope
This European Standard specifies methods for the manual ultrasonic testing of fusion welded joints in
metallic materials equal to and above 8 mm thick which exhibit low ultrasonic attenuation (especially that
due to scatter). It is primarily intended for use on full penetration welded joints where both the welded and
parent material are ferritic.
!The techniques may also be used:
on materials other than those stated;
on partial penetration welds;
with automated equipment;
if required by specification."
Where material dependent ultrasonic values are specified in this standard they are based on steels having
an ultrasonic sound velocity of 5920 50 m/s for longitudinal waves, and 3255 30 m/s for transverse
waves. This is to be taken into account when testing materials with a different velocity.
The standard specifies four testing levels, each corresponding to a different probability of detection of
imperfections. Guidance on the selection of testing levels A, B and C is given in Annex A. The requirements
of the fourth testing level, which is intended for special applications, are in accordance with the general
requirements of this standard and !may only be used when defined by specification."
!This standard, may be used for the assessment of indications, for acceptance purposes, by either of the
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following methods:
1) evaluation based primarily on length and echo amplitude of the signal indication;
2) evaluation based on characterization and sizing of the indication by probe movement methods.
The methods used shall be specified."
2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates, by dated or undated references, provisions from other publications.
These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed
as follows. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply
to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references
the latest edition of the publication referred to applies.
EN 473, Qualification and certification of NDT personnel General principles.
prEN 583-1, Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic examination Part 1: General principles.
prEN 583-2, Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic examination Part 2: Sensitivity and range setting.
prEN 1330-4, Non-destructive testing Terminology Part 4: Terms used in ultrasonic testing.
!EN 1712, Non-destructive examination of welds Ultrasonic examination of welded joints
Acceptance levels."
!EN 1713, Non-destructive examination of welds Ultrasonic examination Characterization of
indications in welds."
EN 12062, Non-destructive testing of welds General rules for metallic materials.
EN 25817, Arc-welded joints in steel Guidance on quality levels for imperfections.
(ISO 5817:1992)
4 General
!The purpose of this standard is to describe general methods of ultrasonic testing, using standard
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criteria, for the most commonly used weld joints. The specific requirements specified by this standard cover
the equipment, preparation, performance of the testing and reporting. The parameters specified, in
particular those for the probes, are compatible with the requirements of EN 1712 and EN 1713, and are
also suitable for use with other acceptance criteria standards. The techniques recommended in this
standard are suitable for the detection of those weld imperfections specified in typical weld acceptance
standards. Methods to be used for ultrasonic assessment of indications and acceptance criteria shall be
defined by specification."
If the agreed acceptance criteria require a more precise determination of the height and nature of the
defect, e.g. when fitness-for-purpose criteria are applied, this may necessitate the use of techniques or
methods outside the scope of this standard.
The definitions and requirements in this standard will normally satisfy the need for a written procedure.
Where this is not the case, or where the techniques described in this standard are not applicable to the weld
joint to be tested, additional written procedures shall be used, !if required by specification."
where
D is the diameter of the component (in mm);
a is the dimension of the probe shoe in the direction of testing (in mm).
If this requirement cannot be met the probe shoe shall be adapted to the surface and the sensitivity and
range shall be set accordingly.
7 Testing volume
The testing volume (see Figure 1) is defined as the zone which includes weld and parent material for at
least 10 mm on each side of the weld, or the width of the heat affected zone, whichever is greater.
In all cases scanning shall cover the whole testing volume. If individual sections of this volume cannot be
covered in at least one scanning direction, or if the angles of incidence with the opposite surface do not meet
the requirements of 6.3.2, alternative or supplementary ultrasonic techniques or other non-destructive
methods shall be agreed upon. This may, in some cases, require removal of the weld reinforcement.
Supplementary methods may require testing using twin crystal angle beam probes, creeping wave probes,
further ultrasonic techniques or any other suitable method, for example, liquid penetrant, magnetic
particle, radiographic testing. In selecting alternative or supplementary methods, due consideration should
be given to the type of weld and probable orientation of any imperfections to be detected.
In all cases, the maximum permitted gap on areas of the test surface from which the evaluation of
indications is to be carried out shall be 0,5 mm. Scanning surfaces and surfaces from which the sound beam
is reflected may be assumed to be satisfactory if the surface roughness, Ra, is not greater than 6,3 4m for
machined surfaces, or not greater than 12,5 4m for shotblasted surfaces.
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continued
2 Deviations > 2 % of the range Setting shall be corrected and testing carried out with
the equipment over the previous period shall be
repeated
11 Testing levels
Quality requirements for welded joints are mainly associated with the material, welding process and
service conditions. To accommodate all of these requirements this standard specifies four testing levels
(A, B, C and D).
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From testing level A to testing level C an increasing probability of detection will be achieved by an
increasing testing coverage e.g. number of scans, surface dressing. The testing level D may be agreed for
special application using a written procedure which shall take into account the general requirements of this
standard.
In general the testing levels are related to quality levels (e.g. EN 25817). The appropriate testing level may
be specified by standards for testing of welds (e.g. EN 12062), product standards or other documents.
When EN 12062 is specified the recommended testing levels are as given in Table 5.
Table 5 Recommended testing levels
Testing level Quality level in EN 25817
A C
B B
C By agreement
D Special application
Specific requirements for testing levels A to C are given for various types of joints in Annex A. It should be
noted that the joint types shown are ideal examples only and where actual weld conditions or accessibility
do not conform exactly with those shown, the testing technique shall be modified to satisfy the general
requirements of this standard and the specific testing level required. For these cases a written test
procedure shall be prepared.
12 Testing technique
12.1 General
Ultrasonic testing shall be performed in accordance with prEN 583-1 with the addition of the following
clauses.
12.2 Manual scan path
During angle probe scanning (as illustrated in Figure 1) a slight swivelling movement up to an angle of 10
on either side of the nominal beam direction may be applied to the probe.
1 Origin
Figure 2 Co-ordinate system for defining the location of indications
13 Test report
13.1 General
The test report shall include a reference to this standard and give, as a minimum, the following
information.
13.2 General data
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probe positions;
b) maximum echo amplitude, as specified in 12.5.2, and information, if required, on the type and size of
indication;
c) lengths of indications, as specified in 12.5.3;
d) results of evaluation, according to specified acceptance levels.
Annex A (normative)
Testing levels for various types of welded joints
See Figure A.1 to Figure A.7 and Table A.1 to Table A.7
Key for tables:
L-scan: scan for longitudinal indications using angle beam probes.
N-scan: scan using straight beam probe.
T-scan: scan for transverse indications using angle beam probes.
p: full skip distance.
SZW: scanning zone width.
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1 Side 1
2 Top view
3 Side 2
4 Side view
5 Scanning zone width (SZW) related to skip distance p
Whenever possible, all scans shall be carried out from both sides (1 and 2)
Figure A.1 Butt joints in plates and pipes
1 Component 1
2 Component 2
3 End view
4 Side view
Scanning zone widths are indicated by the letters: a, b, c, d, e, f and g
Figure A.2 Structural T-joints
"
EN 1714:1997
15
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! Table A.2 Structural T-joints
16
EN 1714:1997
Testing Thickness of Longitudinal indications Transverse indications
level the parent
material Required number of: Total Required number of:
number of
probe probe Scanning probe SZW probe probe positions SZW Total Notes
scans
angles positions zone width positions angles number
(SZW) of scans
mm L-scan N-scan T-scans
A 8 u t < 15 1 A or B 1,25p or C3) 1 1)
"
BSI 1 November 2002
EN 1714:1997
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1 Cross section
2 Top view
3 Component 1 = cylindrical shell/flat plate
4 Component 2 = nozzle
!5 Normal probe"
Scanning zone widths are indicated by the letters: a, b, c, d and e
Figure A.3 Set-through nozzle joints
EN 1714:1997
Testing Thickness of Longitudinal indications Transverse indications
level the parent
material Required number of: Total Required number of: Total Notes
number number
probe probe Scanning probe SZW probe probe positions
of scans of scans
angles positions zone positions angles
width
(SZW)
mm L-scan N-scan T-scans
A 8 u t < 15 1 A 1,25p or C c 1 1)
15 u t u 40 1 A or F or 1,25p C c 2 1)
D d
B 8 u t < 15 1 A or 1,25p C c 2 1 (U and V) or (X and Y) or (W and Z) 2 2)
D d
15 u t < 40 1 A or 1,25p C c 2 or 3 1 (U and V) or (X and Y) or (W and Z) 2 2)
(D and E) d+e
40 u t < 60 1 (A or B) 1,25p C c 4 1 (X and Y) and (W and Z) 4 2)
and
(D and E) d+e
60 u t u 100 2 (A and B) 0,5p C c 7 2 (X and Y) and (W and Z) 8 2)
and
1 (D and E) d+e
C 8 u t < 15 1 (A or B) 1,25p C c 3 1 (U and V) or (X and Y and W and Z) 2 or 4 2)
and
(D or E) d or e
15 u t u 40 2 (A or B) 0,5p C c 5 2 (X and Y) and (W and Z) 8 2)
and
(D or E) d or e
> 40 2 (A and B) 0,5p C c 9 2 (X and Y) and (W and Z) 8 2)
and d+e
(D and E)
1) Not applicable.
2) Shall be carried out by special agreement only.
BSI 1 November 2002
"
EN 1714:1997
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1 Cross section
2 End view
3 Component 1 ! = nozzle"
4 Component 2 ! = shell"
Scanning zone widths are indicated by the letters: a, b and c
Figure A.4 Structural L-joints
EN 1714:1997
Testing Thickness of Longitudinal indications Transverse indications
level the parent
material Required number of: Total Required number of: Total Notes
number number
probe probe positions Scanning probe SZW probe probe positions
of scans of scans
angles zone width positions angles
(SZW)
mm L-scan N-scan T-scans
A 8 u t < 15 1 A or B or H 1,25p or C c 1 1)
15 u t u 40 1 A or B or H 1,25p C c 2 1)
1) Not applicable.
2) Shall be carried out by special agreement only.
3) The surface of the weld cap shall comply with the requirement in clause 8. This may require dressing of the weld cap.
BSI 1 November 2002
EN 1714:1997
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1 Cross section
2 Top view
3 Component 1 = nozzle
4 Component 2 = shell
5 Normal probe
Scanning zone widths are indicated by the letters: a, b, c, d and x
Figure A.5 Set-on nozzle joints
EN 1714:1997
Testing Thickness of the Longitudinal indications Transverse indications
level parent material
Required number of: Total Required number of: Total Notes
number of number of
probe probe Scanning probe SZW probe probe positions
scans scans
angles positions zone positions angles
width
(SZW)
mm L-scan N-scan T-scans
A 8 u t < 15 1 A or 1,25p 1 1)
B 0,50p
15 u t u 40 1 A or 1,25p C c 2 1)
B 0,50p
B 8 u t < 15 2 A or 1,25p 2 1 X and Y 2 2) 3)
B 0,50p
15 u t < 40 2 A or 1,25p C c 3 1 X and Y 2 2) 3)
B 0,50p
40 u t < 60 2 A and 1,25p C c 5 2 X and Y 4 2) 3)
(B or D) 0,50p
60 u t u 100 2 A and 1,25p C c 5 2 X and Y 4 2) 3)
(B or D) 0,5p
C 8 u t < 15 3 A or 1,25p C c 4 1 X and Y 2 2) 3)
B 0,5p
15 u t < 40 3 A or 1,25p C c 4 1 X and Y 2 2) 3)
B 0,5p
40 u t < 60 3 A and 1,25p C c 7 2 X and Y 4 2) 3)
B 0,5p
60 u t u 100 3 A and 1,25p C c 7 2 X and Y 4 2) 3)
B 0,5p
1) Not applicable.
2) Shall be carried out by special agreement only.
3) The surface of the weld cap shall comply with the requirement in clause 8. This may require dressing of the weld cap.
BSI 1 November 2002
"
EN 1714:1997
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1 End view
2 Side view
3 Component 1 != nozzle"
4 Component 2 != shell"
5 Component 3
Scanning zone widths are indicated by the letters: a, b, c, d, e, f, g and h
Figure A.6 Cruciform joints
EN 1714:1997
Testing Thickness of Longitudinal indications Transverse indications
level the parent
material Required number of: Total Notes Required number of: Total Notes
probe probe positions Scanning number probe probe positions number
of scans of scans
angles zone width angles
mm L-scan T-scans
A 8 u t < 15 1 (A and C) or (B and D) 1,25p 2 1)
B 8 u t < 15 1 A and B and C and D 1,25p 4 1 (X1 and Y1 and W1 and Za) and 8 2)
"
BSI 1 November 2002
EN 1714:1997
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EN 1714:1997
Testing Thickness of the Longitudinal indications Transverse indications
level parent material
Required number of: Total Required number of: Total number Notes
number of scans
probe probe positions Scanning probe SZW of scans probe probe positions
angles zone positions angles
width
(SZW)
mm L-scan N-scan T-scans
A 8 u t < 15 2 F and G and H 1,25p 6 1) 2)
1 and E e
C Not applicable
1) Node joint testing shall usually be level D, requiring special agreement.
2) Not applicable.
3) If the bore of component 1 is not accessible (probe position D and E) testing level 2 cannot be achieved.
"
BSI 1 November 2002
EN 1714:1997
!Annex ZA (informative)
Clauses of this European Standard addressing essential requirements or other
provisions of EU directives
This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission
and the European Free Trade Association and supports essential requirements of Directive 97/23/EC of the
European Parliament and the Council of 29 May 1997 on the approximation of the laws of the Member
States concerning pressure equipment.
WARNING Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s)
falling within the scope of this standard.
The following clauses of this standard as detailed in Table ZA.1 and Table ZA.2, are likely to support
requirements of the Directives 97/23/EC, and 87/404/EEC.
Compliance with these clauses of this standard provides one with means of conforming to the specific
essential requirements of the Directives concerned and associated EFTA regulations.
Table ZA.1 Correspondence between this European Standard and Directive 97/23/EC
Clauses/subclauses of this Essential requirements of Qualifying remarks/notes
European Standard Directive 97/23/EC
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Table ZA.2 Correspondence between this European Standard and Directive 87/404/EEC
Clauses/subclauses of this Essential requirements of Qualifying remarks/notes
European Standard Directive 97/23/EC
All Annex I, 3.2 Welds on pressurized parts
"
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