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RESOURCE REPORT 9
Air and Noise Quality
July 2016
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Page
LIST OF TABLES
Page
LIST OF APPENDICES
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RESOURCE REPORT 9 AIR AND NOISE QUALITY
Location in
Filing Requirement
Environmental Report
Location in
Filing Requirement
Environmental Report
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FERC COMMENTS ON LOCATION OR
DRAFT RESOURCE REPORT 9 RESPONSE TO COMMENT
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LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
approximately 7.8 miles of new 30- and 36-inch diameter pipeline looping generally overlapping
with and adjacent to Millenniums existing pipeline right-of-way in Orange County, New York
(Huguenot Loop);
construction and operation of a new 22,400 hp compressor station, Highland CS in Sullivan County,
New York;
construction and operation of an additional 22,400 hp at the existing Hancock CS in Delaware
County, New York;
modifications to the Ramapo M&R in Rockland County, New York;
modifications to the Wagoner Interconnect in Orange County, New York;
addition of pipeline appurtenant facilities, which includes pigging facilities, at the Huguenot M&R
and the Westtown M&R in Orange County, New York; and
addition of an alternate interconnect to the 16-inch Valley Lateral at milepost (MP) 7.6.
Resource Report 9 describes the existing air and noise quality within the vicinity of the Project areas, the
potential impacts on air and noise quality associated with construction and operation of the Project, and the
proposed measures to avoid or minimize those impacts. A description of the Project components is included
in Resource Report 1, Section 1.3.2 and Table 1.3-3.
Table 9.0-1, below, summarizes the compressor units at each compressor station.
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TABLE 9.0-1
Project Compressor Station Summary
Rated Output (hp)
Station and Manufacturer and Type/Energy
Unit Model No. Source Proposed Proposed Proposed
Existing
Removal Addition Total
Highland CS
Unit 1 Solar Turbines Titan 130E CT / NG N/A N/A 22,400 22,400
Total N/A N/A 22,400 22,400
Hancock CS
Unit 1 Solar Turbines Mars 100 CT / NG 15,900 N/A N/A 15,900
Unit 2 Solar Turbines Titan 130E CT / NG N/A N/A 22,400 22,400
Total 15,900 N/A 22,400 38,300
Notes:
CT = Combustion Turbine
NG = Natural Gas
N/A not applicable
Climate
The Project would be located in south-central New York State. The climate is humid continental in
character, but is modified by the Atlantic Ocean, with cold winter temperatures, hot summers and ample
precipitation throughout the year. However, annual precipitation amounts can vary greatly year to year.
The regional climate can be represented by National Climatic Data Center data for Avoca, Pennsylvania,
which is located approximately 50 miles west of the Project. Table 9A-1 provides climate data for Avoca.
The wind is most often out of the southwest, northwest, and north. The wind is least often out of the
southeast.
The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has promulgated National Ambient Air
Quality Standards (NAAQS). The NAAQS include primary standards, which are designed to protect
human health, including the health of sensitive subpopulations such as children and those with chronic
respiratory problems, and secondary standards, which are designed to protect public welfare, including
economic interests, visibility, vegetation, animal species, and other concerns. The current NAAQS apply
to the following criteria pollutants:
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sulfur dioxide (SO2)
carbon monoxide (CO)
ozone (O3)
lead (Pb)
Each NAAQS is expressed in terms of a pollutant concentration level and an associated averaging period.
The current NAAQS are summarized in Table 9A-2. Notes to Table 9A-2 list the form of the statistic used
to assess compliance with each NAAQS.
States may adopt standards that are more stringent or encompassing than the NAAQS. The New York State
Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) has established New York State Ambient Air
Quality Standards for SO2, particulate matter (PM), NO2, CO, photochemical oxidants, non-methane
hydrocarbons, fluorides, beryllium, and hydrogen sulfide. These are listed in Title 6 of the New York Code
of Rules and Regulations (6 NYCRR) Part 257 and summarized in Table 9A-3.
Attainment Status
Section 107 of the Clean Air Act (CAA) directs the USEPA to designate air quality control regions (AQCR)
for any interstate area or major intrastate area which it deems necessary or appropriate. An implementation
plan is developed for each AQCR describing how ambient air quality standards will be achieved and/or
maintained. For each applicable pollutant and averaging period, USEPA designates an areas attainment
status based on monitoring data from the region. Areas that meet the NAAQS are termed attainment
areas. Areas that do not meet the NAAQS are termed nonattainment areas. Areas for which insufficient
data are available to determine attainment status are termed unclassifiable areas. Areas formerly
designated as nonattainment that subsequently reached attainment are termed maintenance areas. The
attainment status designations appear in Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 81.
Huguenot Loop, Huguenot M&R, and Westtown M&R (Orange County) - AQCR 161 (Hudson
Valley Intrastate AQCR)
Highland CS (Sullivan County) and Hancock CS (Delaware County) - AQCR 163 (Southern Tier
East Intrastate AQCR)
Ramapo M&R (Rockland County) - AQCR 43 (New Jersey-New York-Connecticut Interstate
AQCR)
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Ambient Air Quality in the Project Area
Pollutant concentration data to characterize air quality in the Project areas were obtained from the USEPA
AIRDATA database. Typically, the monitoring station nearest a project is used for this purpose. The
Project site is located inland in a semi-rural area at least 50 miles from the nearest seacoast. Therefore, for
some pollutants, more representative inland monitoring stations situated more distant from the Project areas
are used in lieu of closer monitoring stations situated in New York City or the northern New Jersey
communities located near the coast. Ambient air quality monitoring data for the most recent available
three-year period are summarized in Table 9A-5.
General Conformity
Section 176(c) of the CAA prohibits federal agencies from taking actions which do not conform to the State
Implementation Plan (SIP) for the attainment and maintenance of the NAAQS. The purposes of conformity
are to (1) ensure federal activities do not interfere with the emissions budgets in the SIPs, (2) ensure actions
do not cause or contribute to new violations, and (3) ensure attainment and maintenance of the NAAQS.
General conformity applies only in areas that are designated as NAAQS nonattainment areas or
maintenance areas, and a conformity review is required only for those pollutants designated as
nonattainment or maintenance pollutants. A general conformity analysis must consider both direct and
indirect emissions. Direct emissions are those that occur as a direct result of the action, and occur at the
same time and place as the action. Indirect emissions are those that occur at a later time or distance from
the place where the action takes place, but may be reasonably anticipated as a consequence of the proposed
action.
Some emissions are excluded from the conformity determination, such as those already subject to federal
New Source Review (NSR), those from the type of action included in the SIP, those covered by the
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act or compliance with other
environmental laws, actions not reasonably foreseeable, and those for which the Agency has no continuing
program responsibility. If the sum of the proposed actions direct and indirect emissions that would
otherwise be subject to a conformity determination are less than de minimis levels, the proposed actions are
not subject to general conformity.
The Ramapo M&R will be located in New York-New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-CT nonattainment area,
a marginal nonattainment for the 8-hour O3 (2008) standards and in the Ozone Transport Region (OTR).
The de minimis emission rate thresholds for general conformity in such an area are 100 and 50 tons per year
(tpy) of, respectively, nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOC). As is shown in Table
9A-6, the annual Project construction emission rates in this nonattainment area are far less than these
thresholds.
The Huguenot Loop, Huguenot M&R, and Westtown M&R are located in Orange County, New York. The
Ramapo M&R is located in Rockland County, New York. On April 18, 2014 USEPA published in the
Federal Register a notice approving the re-designation certain counties, including Orange County and
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Rockland County, from nonattainment to attainment for the PM2.5 annual and 24-hour NAAQS. USEPA
also approved New York States SIP revision containing a maintenance plan for the affected counties. The
de minimis emission rate thresholds for general conformity in such a maintenance area are 100 of PM2.5 or
any of its precursors (SO2 and possibly NOx, VOCs, and/or ammonia). As is shown in Tables 9A-6 and
9A-7, the annual Project construction emission rates of PM2.5 and its possible precursors are far less than
this threshold.
The remaining Project facilities are located in areas designated as attainment or the equivalent. As such, the
Project is not subject to general conformity.
Preconstruction air permitting programs that regulate the construction of new stationary sources of air
pollution and the modification of existing stationary sources are commonly referred to as NSR. NSR can
be divided into major NSR and minor NSR. Major NSR is comprised of the Prevention of Significant
Deterioration (PSD) and the Nonattainment New Source Review permitting programs. Major NSR
requirements are established on a federal level but may be implemented by state or local permitting
authorities under either a delegation agreement with USEPA or as a SIP program approved by USEPA.
NYSDEC administers its major NSR permitting program through 6 NYCRR Part 231, which establishes
preconstruction, construction, and operation requirements for new and modified sources. Non-major
facilities that meet the criteria of 6 NYCRR 201-4 can register under NYSDEC's permitting program rather
than obtain a permit. Pursuant to 6 NYCRR 201-3.2(c)(1)(i), natural gas-fired heaters with a maximum
rated heat input capacity less than 10 million British thermal units per hour (MMBtu/hr) are exempt from
requirements to obtain a minor facility registration.
The State of New Yorks major source operating permit program is administered through a USEPA-
approved program at 6 NYCRR 201-6. NYSDEC also administers a state operating permit program
through 6 NYCRR 201-5 for certain non-major facilities that do not qualify for a minor facility registration
under 6 NYCRR Subpart 201-4, including synthetic minor facilities and facilities with actual emissions
greater than fifty percent of Title V major source thresholds. Emission sources or activities listed under
NYCRR 201-3 are exempt from the registration and permitting provisions of 6 NYCRR Subparts 201-4,
201-5, and 201-6.
The Ramapo M&R is an existing non-major facility that was originally permitted by Algonquin
under and operates according to Air State Facility Permit ID: 3-3922-00204/00001. Millennium
proposes to modify its existing Ramapo M&R Station, and the modifications will include a new
natural gas-fired inlet gas heater. The inlet gas heater is currently expected to exceed a maximum
rated heat input capacity of 10 MMBtu/hr and is therefore expected to be subject to permitting by
Algonquin under 6 NYCRR Subpart 201-4. Upon finalization of the station design information,
Millennium will file the appropriate minor source NSR application with the NYSDEC by October
2016.
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The Hancock CS is an existing non-major facility that operates according to Air State Facility
Permit ID: 4-1236-00708/00001. The proposed Project involves the installation of new emission
units at an existing minor source with respect to NSR permitting requirements at 6 NYCRR Part
231 and Title V major source permitting requirements at 6 NYCRR Part 201-6. With the addition
of the new emission units, the facility wide potential to emit for one or more criteria air pollutants
will exceed the Title V major source permitting thresholds. As such, Millennium submitted an
initial major source Title V permit application for the modifications to the Hancock Compressor
Station to the NYSDEC in July 2016. A copy of the Title V permit application is provided in
Appendix 9C.
The Highland CS is a proposed new non-major facility. The proposed Project involves the
installation of new emission units that will be considered a minor source with respect to NSR
permitting requirements at 6 NYCRR Part 231 and Title V major source permitting requirements
at 6 NYCRR Part 201-6. As such, Millennium submitted an initial minor source State Facility air
permit application for the new Highland Compressor Station to the NYSDEC in July 2016. A copy
of the application for a permit to construct is provided in Appendix 9C.
Class I Areas
Federal Class I areas are areas established by Congress, such as wilderness areas and national parks, that
are afforded special protection under the Clean Air Act. Class I areas are allowed the smallest degree of
air quality deterioration through major NSR permitting and special considerations must be made during the
PSD permitting process when a Class I area is located close to a proposed site. If a proposed facility does
not require PSD review, Class I modeling is not required regardless of the Projects distances from the Class
I areas. The Project facilities are not subject to PSD review, and hence not subject to Class I modeling.
The Title V permit program in 40 CFR Part 70 requires major sources of air pollutants to obtain federal
operating permits. The major source thresholds under the Title V program, as defined in 40 CFR 70.2 and
which are different from the federal NSR major source thresholds, are 100 tpy of any air pollutant, 10 tpy
of any single hazardous air pollutant (HAP), or 25 tpy of total HAPs. More stringent Title V major source
thresholds apply for VOC and NOx in ozone nonattainment areas, namely 50 tpy of VOC or NOx in areas
defined as serious, 25 tpy in areas defined as severe, and 10 tpy in areas classified as extreme.
The State of New Yorks Title V Operating Permit Program is administered through a USEPA-approved
program at 6 NYCRR 201-6. NYSDEC also administers a state operating permit program through 6
NYCRR 201-5 for certain non-Title V facilities that do not qualify for a minor facility registration under 6
NYCRR Subpart 201-4, including synthetic minor facilities and facilities with actual emissions greater than
fifty percent of Title V thresholds. Emission sources or activities listed under NYCRR 201-3 are exempt
from the registration and permitting provisions of 6 NYCRR Subparts 201-4, 201-5, and 201-6. Millennium
submitted an application for an Air Title V Facility permit for the Hancock CS and a new State Facility air
permit application for the Highland CS in July 2016
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Standards of Performance for New Stationary Sources
New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) in 40 CFR Part 60 regulate certain emissions from specific
source categories. The applicability to the Project of several NSPS is discussed below.
40 CFR Part 60 Subpart Kb (Standards of Performance for Volatile Organic Liquid Storage Vessels
(Including Petroleum Liquid Storage Vessels) for Which Construction, Reconstruction, or Modification
Commenced After July 23, 1984)
Subpart Kb potentially applies to storage vessels with a capacity greater than 75 cubic meters (m3) (19,813
gallons) that will store volatile organic liquids. Tanks with a capacity greater than 75 m3 are not proposed
to be constructed, reconstructed, or modified at any Project facilities. Therefore, this subpart will not apply.
40 CFR Part 60 Subpart JJJJ (Standards of Performance for Stationary Spark Ignition Internal Combustion
Engines)
Subpart JJJJ, applies to an owner or operator of a new or existing stationary spark ignition internal
combustion engine that commence construction, modification, or reconstruction after June 12, 2006. The
Project includes new emergency stationary spark ignition internal combustion engine greater than 25 hp at
the Hancock and Highland Compressor Stations. Therefore, requirements of Subpart JJJJ will apply to the
proposed Project.
40 CFR Part 60 Subpart KKKK (Standards of Performance for Stationary Combustion Turbines)
Subpart KKKK applies to stationary combustion turbines with a heat input rate at peak load of 10
MMBtu/hr or greater that commenced construction, modification, or reconstruction) after February 18,
2005. Subpart KKKK limits emissions of NOx as well as the sulfur content of fuel that is combusted by
subject units. The Project involves the installation of new stationary combustion turbines at Hancock CS
and Highland CS. These new combustion turbines will be subject emissions limitations and the monitoring,
reporting, recordkeeping, and testing requirements under this subpart.
40 CFR Part 60 Subpart OOOO (Standards of Performance for Crude Oil and Natural Gas Production,
Transmission and Distribution)
Subpart OOOO applies to affected facilities that commence construction, reconstruction, or modification
after August 23, 2011. Affected facilities include the following:
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Centrifugal and reciprocating compressors.
Continuous bleed pneumatic controllers.
Storage vessels with potential VOC emissions of 6 tpy or greater.
Fugitive equipment components at onshore natural gas processing plants.
Sweetening units at onshore natural gas processing plants.
The Project will not include natural gas wells or natural gas processing plants. Centrifugal and reciprocating
compressors and continuous bleed gas driven pneumatic controllers located at the transmission facilities
(e.g., compressor stations) are not subject to Subpart OOOO. The Projects compressor stations will not
use continuous bleed pneumatic controllers or storage vessels with potential VOC emissions of 6 tpy or
greater. Therefore, the Project will not be subject to this regulation.
40 CFR Part 60 Subpart OOOOa (Oil and Natural Gas Sector: Emission Standards for New and Modified
Sources)
On August 18, 2015, USEPA proposed amendments to 40 CFR 60, Subpart OOOO and proposed an entirely
new Subpart OOOOa. Based on the effective date of August 2, 2016 for the new Subpart, the Project will
be required to comply with the requirements of NSPS Subpart OOOOa. While storage tanks remain
covered, Subpart OOOOa also includes provisions intended to reduce emissions from compressors and
equipment leaks at compressor stations. For equipment leaks, Subpart OOOOa proposes requiring periodic
surveys using optical gas imaging (OGI) technology and subsequent repair of any identified leaks. The
Project will comply with all applicable leak detection provisions of proposed Subpart OOOOa.
The USEPA has established National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) for
specific pollutants and industries in 40 CFR Part 61. The Project does not include any of the specific
sources for which NESHAP have been established in Part 61. Therefore, Part 61 NESHAP requirements
will not apply to the Project. The USEPA has also established NESHAP requirements in 40 CFR Part 63
for various source categories. The Part 63 NESHAP apply to certain emission units at facilities that are
major sources of HAP. The applicability to the Project of several NESHAP rules is discussed below.
40 CFR Part 63 Subpart HHH (National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants from Natural
Gas Transmission and Storage Facilities)
Subpart HHH applies to natural gas transmission and storage facilities that are major sources of HAPs and
that transport or store natural gas prior to entering the pipeline to a local distribution company or to a final
end user (if there is no local distribution company). All Project facilities are area sources (i.e., not major
sources) of HAPs. Therefore, this subpart will not apply because it only applies to major sources.
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40 CFR Part 63 Subpart YYYY (National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Stationary
Combustion Turbines)
Subpart YYYY applies to stationary combustion turbines at major sources of HAPs. Emissions and
operating limitations under Subpart YYYY apply to new and reconstructed stationary combustion turbines.
All Project facilities are area sources (i.e., not major sources) of HAPs. Therefore, this subpart will not
apply because it only applies to major sources.
40 CFR Part 63 Subpart ZZZZ (National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Stationary
Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines)
Subpart ZZZZ, applies to existing, new, and reconstructed stationary reciprocating internal combustion
engines (RICE) depending on size, use, and whether the engine is located at a major or area source of HAP.
The Project includes the installation of one new emergency stationary RICE with a site rating greater than
500 hp at the Hancock and Highland Compressor Stations. New stationary RICE located at area sources
of HAP, such as the emergency engines proposed for the Project, must meet the requirements of Subpart
ZZZZ by meeting the NSPS. As discussed above in Section 9.1.2.5, the new emergency engines proposed
for these facilities are subject to the NSPS at 40 CFR Part 60, Subpart JJJJ, therefore the requirements of
Subpart ZZZZ will be met.
40 CFR Part 63 Subpart DDDDD (National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Major
Sources: Industrial, Commercial, and Institutional Boilers and Process Heaters)
Subpart DDDDD applies to certain new and existing boilers and process heaters at major HAP sources. All
Project facilities are area sources (i.e., not major sources) of HAPs. Therefore, this subpart will not apply
because it only applies to major sources.
40 CFR Part 63 Subpart JJJJJJ (National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Industrial,
Commercial, and Institutional Boilers Area Sources)
Subpart JJJJJJ applies to certain new and existing boilers at area sources, where a boiler is defined as an
enclosed device using controlled flame combustion in which water is heated to recover thermal energy in
the form of steam and/or hot water. The rule does not apply to natural gas fired boilers and does not apply
to process heaters at area sources. All Project facilities are area sources of HAPs, and the Project does not
involve boilers. Therefore, this subpart will not apply.
40 CFR Part 68 is a federal regulation established to prevent the accidental release of hazardous substances
and minimize the impacts if releases occur. The regulation contains a list of substances and threshold
quantities. If a facility stores, handles, or processes a listed substance in an amount equal to or greater than
its threshold quantity, the facility must prepare and submit a risk management plan (RMP). If a facility
does not have a listed substance onsite, or the quantity of a listed substance is below the applicability
threshold, the facility is not required to prepare an RMP. However, it must still comply with requirements
of the general duty clause if it has any regulated substance or other extremely hazardous substance onsite.
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Natural gas compressor stations, meter stations, and pipelines are not required to have an RMP because
they are regulated by the U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT) or an equivalent state natural gas
program certified by USDOT in accordance with 49 U.S.C. Part 6010-5. Because the Project will be
regulated by USDOT, an RMP is not required for any Project facilities.
The GHG Mandatory Reporting Rule, at 40 CFR Part 98, requires certain facilities that emit 25,000 metric
tons or more of CO2e per year to report annual emissions of specified GHGs from various processes within
the facility and conduct associated monitoring. Compressor stations include source types that are subject
to the GHG Mandatory Reporting Rule: Subpart C General Fuel Combustion Sources, which became
effective on December 29, 2009, and Subpart W Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems, which became
effective on December 30, 2010. The GHG Mandatory Reporting Rule is managed directly by the USEPA
and not through a sources Title V permit. The Hancock and Highland Compressor Stations associated
with the Project will be required to report GHG emissions under this rule.
Project Construction
Calculations for construction emissions were performed using the following EPA modeling and data
resources in order of precision: (1) Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator, (2) NONROAD model, and (3) AP
42, Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors. Tables 9A-6 and 9A-7 summarize the estimated air
emissions that will result from construction of the Project. Appendix 9B provides detailed emissions
calculations. The following methodologies were used to estimate construction emissions:
Emission factors (grams per vehicle mile traveled) for NOx, CO, PM10, PM2.5, SO2, VOC, HAPs,
and carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2e) for on-road vehicles in New York State during 2017 and
2018 were obtained from the USEPA Mobile Vehicle Emissions Simulator, version 2014 (MOVES
2014).
Annual average emission factors (grams per horsepower hour) for NOx, CO, PM, SO2, VOC1, and
carbon dioxide (CO2) for non-road equipment engines in New York State during 2017 and 2018
were obtained using the most recent version of USEPAs NONROAD model (NONROAD, 2008a).
1 NONROAD does not provide VOC emission factors. Emission factors for total hydrocarbons were used as VOC surrogates.
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Non-road equipment emission factors (grams per gallon of fuel) for CH4 and nitrous oxide were
obtained from the 2015 Climate Registry Default Emission Factors2, and apportioned based on CO2
emissions.
The NONROAD model does not provide factors for HAP emission from non-road equipment.
HAP emissions for combustion of diesel and natural gas in RICE were obtained from AP 423.
AP 42 does not provide emission factors for combustion of gasoline in reciprocating internal
combustion engines. HAP emissions were estimated by multiplying the HC emissions from
NONROAD multiplied by ratios of the HAPs to VOC for gasoline engines obtained from MOVES
2014.
Fugitive dust emissions were estimated using the methodology described in Section 3.4 of the
Western Regional Air Partnership Fugitive Dust Handbook4. Use of this methodology is
conservative, as the climates typical of most western states are more arid than in the Project areas.
The impacts of these emissions on air quality are expected to be minor. Construction emissions will be
intermittent, temporary, and local. Mitigation measures will include the following:
2 http://www.theclimateregistry.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/2015-TCR-Default-EF-April-2015-FINAL.pdf Accessed
3/1/2016.
3
AP 42, Fifth Edition Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, Volume 1: Stationary Point and Area Sources
https://www3.epa.gov/ttnchie1/ap42/ Accessed 3/1/2016.
4 WRAP Fugitive Dust Handbook, Countess Environmental, September 2006
5 The atmospheric stability conditions during daytime typically promote more rapid dispersion of pollutants than during nighttime.
6 Upland Erosion Control, Revegetation, and Maintenance Plan, FERC, May 2013
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Project Operation
Operational emission estimates associated with fugitive gas releases from the pipeline, valves, meter
stations, regulation facilities, and pig launcher/receivers along the pipeline, quantified in tpy as CH4 and as
greenhouse gases as CO2e are provided in Appendix 9C. The calculations in Appendix 9C are based on a
methodology described in Interstate Natural Gas Association of America guidelines8 and a recent analysis
of a Millennium Pipeline natural gas sample collected at the Minisink Compressor Station, which is also
included in Appendix 9C.
The calculations for operational vented emissions in Appendix 9C conservatively assume that the Hancock
CS and Highland CS each conduct two full-station blowdowns per year. Millennium is inserting valving
on the station blowdown piping at both the Hancock CS and the Highland CS to contain (not vent) almost
all of the gas normally vented during scheduled testing of the station blowdown. Additionally, Millennium
is implementing a new design on its gas seal compression system whereby electric pumps are being utilized
in place of pneumatic pumps to minimize unit blowdowns. Vented emissions are transmission quality
natural gas.
NOx - 15 parts per million by volume at 15% oxygen (ppmvd @ 15% O2)
CO - 25 ppmvd @ 15% O2
Unburned hydrocarbons - 25 ppmvd @ 15% O2 (as CH4)
7
40 CFR 52.21(b)(20)
8
Greenhouse Gas Emission Estimation Guidelines for Natural Gas Transmission and Storage, Volume 1 - GHG Emission
Estimation Methodologies and Procedures, Interstate Natural Gas Association of America, September 28, 2005
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An ambient air quality analysis of the increase in emissions of criteria pollutants from the Highland and
Hancock Stations was performed using AERMOD. The AERMOD assessment utilized five (5) years
(20112015) of concurrent meteorological data collected from a meteorological tower at the Binghamton
Edwin A Link Field and from radiosondes launched from Albany, New York. Both the surface and upper
air sounding data were processed by the NYSDEC using AERMODs meteorological processor, AERMET
(version 15181). The results are summarized in Table 9A-11. The air quality modeling analysis of the
Hancock and Highland Compressor Stations is provided in Appendix 9D along with additional details on
the selection of representative monitoring sites for use as background and associated modeling inputs. An
electronic copy of the input and output files utilized in the modeling assessment is included in Appendix
9C as part of the air permit applications submitted to the NYSDEC (Appendix 9C).
This section addresses the potential health effects of criteria and toxic air pollutants (TAP) emitted from
the natural gas-fired engines as well as the health effects related to releases of pipeline natural gas from
fugitive emissions and venting operations. As described above, Millennium is proposing to construct a new
Highland CS and to construct additional compression at the existing Hancock CS.
Combustion Emissions
Air emissions resulting from the operation of the compressor stations includes: exhaust emissions from
natural gas combustion from the combustion turbines and ancillary equipment; and emissions resulting
from releases of natural gas from fugitive emissions and from venting.
As outlined in the Ambient Air Quality Modeling Assessment (Appendix 9D), a modeling analysis
addressing criteria pollutants and TAP were performed for the Hancock CS and Highland CS in accordance
with NYSDECs Policy DAR-1 guidance. The criteria pollutants were compared against the applicable
NAAQS and New York Ambient Air Quality Standards (NYAAQS) standard, while the TAPs were
compared against NYSDECs Short-term and Annual Guideline Concentrations (SGCs and AGCs). The
primary NAAQS/NYAAQS standards have been set to protect human health, including the health of at-risk
populations such as people with pre-existing heart or lung disease (such as asthmatics), children and older
adults (USEPA, 2016). The SGCs are chosen to protect the general population from adverse acute one-
hour exposures, while the AGCs are chosen to protect against adverse chronic exposure and based upon the
most conservative (i.e., health protective) carcinogenic or non-carcinogenic annual exposure limit. When
an AGC is based upon carcinogenic effects, the concentration is equivalent to an excess, lifetime cancer
risk of one-in-one-million (NYSDEC, 2010).
As shown in Appendix 9D, Tables 3-5 (Highland CS) and 3-7 (Hancock CS), the maximum modeled air
quality concentrations of the criteria pollutants are well below the applicable NAAQS and NYAAQS
standards, even when combined with a representative background concentration. Therefore, there are no
expected health effects from the emission of criteria pollutants from the proposed compressor stations.
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Maximum short-term and annual ground level concentrations of each toxic air pollutant were modeled as
described in Appendix 9D. Unit concentrations (ug/m3 per 1.0 g/s emitted) for the 1-hour and annual
averaging periods were calculated for the combustion turbines using AERMOD. The maximum toxic air
pollutant-specific emission rate was multiplied by the modeled unit concentration to determine the
maximum pollutant-specific concentration. Note that summing the individual maximum source
concentrations, regardless of time and location, provides a conservative estimate of the actual toxic air
pollutant concentrations resulting from the facility. As shown in Appendix 9D, Tables 3-6 (Highland CS)
and 3-8 (Hancock CS) all of the maximum modeled TAPs are well below the corresponding NYSDEC
SGC and AGC. Therefore, there are no expected health effects related to the emissions of TAPs from the
proposed compressor stations. The evaluation for the Hancock CS takes into account total facility
emissions from both the existing Solar Mars 100 and the addition of the Solar Titan 130E.
The results of this analysis are consistent with comprehensive risk assessments recently conducted by the
Center for Disease Controls Agency for Toxic Substances Disease Registry (2011) in Georgia and by
FERC (2015) Dominion Transmission, Inc.s New Market Project, approved by FERC on April 28, 2016,
which indicate that the air concentrations associated with natural gas pipeline compressor stations are not
considered a health concern.
The term pipeline quality is defined in each individual pipelines tariff 9, and these definitions vary from
pipeline to pipeline. Gas quality terms and conditions of the pipelines tariff ensure the hydrocarbons and
contaminants are within acceptable limits for safe and efficient operation of the pipeline. At typical
interstate pipeline operating pressures and temperatures, pipeline quality natural gas remains in a gaseous
state and pipelines, distribution facilities, and end-user equipment are all designed to handle and burn this
gas. Individual pipelines may have different standards, practices, and enforcement mechanisms; however,
the specifications for gas quality should be based upon sound technical, engineering, and scientific
considerations. Columbia has specific Gas Quality Standards in place for its pipeline system. All gas
received by Columbias pipeline system must meet these standards regardless of the source of the gas.
Natural gas releases from compressor stations consist of hydrocarbons plus small amounts of nitrogen (N2)
and CO2. The hydrocarbons are comprised primarily of methane, plus small amounts of ethane, propane,
9
Millenniums FERC Tariff, General Terms & Conditions Section 25.
Resource Report 9 - Air and Noise Quality 9-14 Eastern System Upgrade
butane, pentane, and hexane. Natural gas would be released as a result of project related venting and
fugitive emissions.
Vented emissions are defined as those emissions which pass through a stack, vent, or equivalent opening.
A compressor may be vented for startup, shutdown, maintenance, or for protection of gas seals from
contamination. Individual system components, including the filter/separator, fuel gas meter, and/or fuel
filters may be vented for inspection and maintenance. An individual compressor or the entire station may
be vented for testing, maintenance, or in the event of an emergency. Fugitive emissions are defined as those
emissions which do not pass through a stack, vent, or other functionally equivalent opening 10, and include
natural gas leaks from valves, flanges, pumps, compressors, seals, connections, etc.
The risk assessment conducted by FERC for the New Market Project (FERC, 2016) determined that natural
gas emissions due to venting events are below a level of human health concern. Because the calculated
volumes of natural gas that could be vented at the two compressor stations are approximately 30 percent
less than the volume of gas emitted from the facilities approved by FERC in the New Market Project, the
emissions from the Project will be below levels that present potential health concerns.
The unit of noise measurement is the decibel (dB), which measures the energy of the noise. Because the
human ear is not uniformly sensitive to noise frequencies, the A weighting frequency scale (dBA) was
devised to correspond with the human ear's sensitivity. The A-weighted frequency scale uses specific
weighting of a sound pressure level for the purpose of determining the human response to sound and the
resulting unit of measure is the dBA.
Because noise levels can vary over a given time period, they are further quantified using the Equivalent
Sound Level (Leq) and Day-Night Level (Ldn). The Leq is an average of the time-varying sound energy for
a specified time period. The Ldn is an average of the time-varying sound energy for one 24-hour period,
with a 10 dB addition to the sound energy for the time period of 22:00 to 07:00 hours.
The proposed Project is regulated by FERC. The FERC noise regulations and State, County and Local
noise regulations that may be applicable are presented below.
The USEPA has identified an Ldn of 55 dBA as being the maximum sound level that will not adversely
affect public health and welfare by interfering with speech or other activities in outdoor areas, with an
adequate margin of safety (USEPA, 1971). If the sound energy does not vary with time, the L dn level will
be equal to the Leq level plus 6.4 dB.
10
40 CFR 52.21(b)(20)
Resource Report 9 - Air and Noise Quality 9-15 Eastern System Upgrade
FERC regulations require that the noise attributable to new compressor stations or station modifications not
exceed an Ldn of 55 dBA at the nearest noise sensitive area (NSA) (schools, hospitals, or residences) unless
such noise sensitive areas are established after facility construction. In addition, typically the noise
attributable to the full load operation of the Station, including the compressor unit addition(s), should not
exceed the previously existing noise levels produced by the station at any nearby NSA that are above an
Ldn of 55 dBA. FERC regulations also require that new compressor stations or station modifications not
result in a perceptible increase in vibration at any NSAs.
State Regulations
County Regulations
Millennium conducted an initial review and did not identify any applicable Delaware, Sullivan, Orange or
Rockland county noise ordinances or regulations.
Local Regulations
Millennium conducted an initial review and did not identify any noise ordinances for the Town of Highland,
Town of Hancock, Town of Minisink, or Town of Greenville. The Town of Deerpark and the Town of
Ramapo have noise ordinances. The proposed facilities would be sited by FERC and as such are subject to
federal, rather than local, oversight on noise levels.
Hoover and Keith, Inc. (H&K), an acoustical engineering company, performed pre-construction and/or
ambient sound surveys for the Project facilities on behalf of Millennium. The existing sound levels are
depicted in the following tables:
11
The NYSDEC has a Policy Document (i.e., Program Policy DEP-00-1; Revised Feb. 2, 2001, Assessing and Mitigating Noise
Impacts) to provide guidance and clarify program issues for NYSDEC staff to ensure compliance with statutory and regulatory
requirements for facility operations regulated under New York State Environmental Quality Reviews or SEQR. The Project,
however, is not subject to SEQR.
Resource Report 9 - Air and Noise Quality 9-16 Eastern System Upgrade
9.2.3 Construction Noise Impacts
Aboveground Facilities
Construction of the proposed facilities will be temporary and short-term in nature, and primarily limited to
daytime hours. Construction will consist of earth work (e.g., site grading, clearing and grubbing) and
construction of the site foundations and equipment, and it is assumed that the highest level of construction
noise would occur during site earth work (i.e., time frame when the largest amount of construction
equipment would operate).
H&K estimates the following peak noise level of construction activities, at the closest NSAs, for the
aboveground facilities:
Pipeline Facilities
Construction of the Huguenot Loop will cause temporary increases in noise levels in the immediate vicinity
of the construction sites. On-site construction noise will occur mainly from heavy-duty construction
equipment (e.g., trucks, backhoes, excavators, loaders and cranes). Noise from on-site construction
activities that may occur near a noise-sensitive receptor along the pipeline route may be intermittent or
continuous, but will be limited to short durations over a period of three to four weeks at any one location
based on the nature of right-of-way construction sequencing.
Blasting, if required for ditch excavation in shallow bedrock conditions, may also be required during the
right-of-way construction sequencing. Controlled blasting for purposes of making shallow bedrock
excavation feasible will be completed in accordance with the Project blasting plan (see Appendix 1B of
Resource Report 1). The amount of explosives per borehole will be limited by the proximity of existing
structures and utilities. Instantaneous sound levels from typical construction blasting would be more than
typical project construction activities at a distance of 50 feet. In comparison with other construction noise,
the sound from blasting will be brief and infrequent, if blasting is determined to be required on the Project.
Millennium proposes to utilize the Horizontal Directional Drill (HDD) construction method for the
following:
Resource Report 9 - Air and Noise Quality 9-17 Eastern System Upgrade
The HDD construction technique is an alternative to traditional "open cut" construction and is itself an
"environmental mitigation measure" for avoiding existing infrastructure and sensitive features. A
construction noise assessment was performed for both proposed HDD crossings, and the associated report
is located in Appendix 9E. A 55 dBA Ldn sound level contribution, resulting from HDD operations, at
nearby NSAs is typically utilized by the FERC as a guideline and/or criteria where HDD operations could
be employed for a 24-hour workday. For 24-hour HDD operations, FERC also requires mitigation measures
to minimize the noise impact on nearby NSAs. Table 9.2-1 summarizes the construction noise assessment
for the closest NSAs to the Entry and Exit sites for the proposed HDD sites:
TABLE 9.2-1
Construction Noise Assessment for the HDD Sites
Calculated
Calculated
Peak Ldn due
Peak Ldn due Increase
to HDD Total Ldn
Distance and to HDD Measured above
Entry or (without of HDD +
Direction of (with added Ambient Ambient
Exit Point added noise Ambient
Closest NSA noise control Ldn Ldn
control
measures)
measures)
1,000 feet
HDD #1 Entry/Exit 53.2 40.8 40.1 43.5 3.4
SW
Neversink
River Entry/Exit 600 feet SW 62.4 49.3 56.2 57.0 0.8
500 feet E to
HDD #3A Entry/Exit 63.2 50.1 48.5 52.4 3.8
SE
Mountain
Road Entry/Exit 170 feet NE 78.8 64.7 44.6 64.8 20.2
HDD #3B Entry 150 feet NE 79.9 65.9 44.6 65.9 21.3
Bedell
Drive 450 feet W to
Exit 52.5 N/A 44.6 53.2 8.6
N
Notes:
HDD = Horizontal Directional Drill
NSA = Noise Sensitive Area
Ldn = Day-Night Level
dBA = A weighting frequency scale
dB = decibel
SW = Southwest
SE = Southeast
N/A = Not applicable
NW = Northwest
Resource Report 9 - Air and Noise Quality 9-18 Eastern System Upgrade
The results of the acoustical analysis indicates the following:
At three of the eight HDD entry or exit sites, noise levels would meet the FERC guideline of 55
dBA Ldn for a 24-hour drilling schedule with standard equipment with no noise mitigation
measures.
At three of the seven HDD entry or exit sites, noise levels would meet the FERC guideline of 55
dBA Ldn for a 24-hour drilling schedule with noise mitigation measures.
At two of the seven HDD entry or exit sites (Mountain Road and Bedell Road), noise levels would
exceed the FERC guideline of 55 dBA Ldn for a 24-hour drilling schedule with noise mitigation
measures. With respect to 24-hour or daytime only Operations, Millennium will determine with
the selected HDD contractor what hours will be worked at a later date upon receipt of HDD
contractor proposals. Additional noise control measures and noise control strategies will continue
to be developed for these HDD sites.
Highland CS (New)
The Noise Impact Analysis for the proposed Highland CS was performed in the following report:
H&K RN 3354, dated July 27, 2016, Proposed Highland CS, Ambient Sound Survey and Noise
Impact Analysis (associated with the Project) (see Appendix 9F).
Table 9A-12 in Appendix 9A summarizes the Noise Quality Analysis, at the nearby NSAs, for the proposed
Highland CS.
The results of the acoustical analysis indicates that the noise attributable to the Highland CS will be
significantly less than an Ldn of 55 dBA at the closest NSAs, which is in compliance with FERC
requirements. Additionally, site sources that could cause perceptible vibration (such as turbine unit exhaust
noise) will be adequately mitigated; therefore, there should not be any perceptible increase in vibration at
the closest NSAs during operation of the Highland CS.
Hancock CS (Modified)
A noise impact analysis was conducted for the proposed compressor unit addition at the existing Hancock
CS (see Appendix 9G). Table 9A-13 in Appendix 9A summarizes the Noise Quality Analysis, at the nearby
NSAs for the modified Hancock CS.
The results of the acoustical analysis indicates that the total noise attributable to the modified Hancock CS
will be significantly less than an Ldn of 55 dBA at the closest NSAs, which is in compliance with FERC
requirements. Additionally, site sources that could cause perceptible vibration (such as turbine unit exhaust
Resource Report 9 - Air and Noise Quality 9-19 Eastern System Upgrade
noise) will be adequately mitigated; therefore, there should not be any perceptible increase in vibration at
the closest NSAs during operation of the modified Hancock CS.
The Noise Impact Analysis for the proposed modifications at the existing Ramapo M&R was performed in
the following report:
H&K RN 3355, dated July 27, 2016, Ramapo M&R, Pre-Construction Sound Survey and Noise
Impact Analysis (associated with the Project) (see Appendix 9H).
Table 9A-14 in Appendix 9A summarizes the Noise Quality Analysis, at the nearby NSAs, for the modified
Ramapo M&R.
The results of the acoustical analysis indicates that the noise attributable to the modified Ramapo M&R
will be less than an Ldn of 55 dBA at the closest NSAs, which is in compliance with FERC requirements.
Additionally, site sources that could cause perceptible vibration (such as control valve noise) will be
adequately mitigated; therefore, there should not be any perceptible increase in vibration at the closest
NSAs during operation of the modified Ramapo M&R.
A noise impact analysis was conducted for the proposed regulation equipment addition at the existing
Huguenot M&R (see Appendix 9I). Table 9A-15 in Appendix 9A summarizes the Noise Quality Analysis,
at the nearby NSAs for the modified Huguenot M&R.
The results of the acoustical analysis indicates that the total noise attributable to the modified Huguenot
M&R will be less than an Ldn of 55 dBA at the closest NSAs, which is in compliance with FERC
requirements. Additionally, site sources that could cause perceptible vibration (such as control valve and
water bath heater noise) will be adequately mitigated; therefore, there should not be any perceptible increase
in vibration at the closest NSAs during operation of the modified Huguenot M&R.
The noise reports included in Appendices 9E through 9H provide detailed noise control recommendations
and equipment noise requirements for the compressor stations and meter station, along with assumptions
that may affect the level of noise during normal operations of the facilities and construction operations.
Millennium intends to implement the recommended noise control measures for the Project facilities. In
general, these noise control measures may include:
Resource Report 9 - Air and Noise Quality 9-20 Eastern System Upgrade
Low noise gas aftercoolers;
Locating high pressure gas piping below grade;
Acoustical pipe lagging for aboveground piping, where required;
Low noise control valves and/or buried control valves; and
High performance unit blowdown silencers.
Highland CS (New)
Within 60 days of startup of the proposed Highland CS, a Post-Construction Sound Survey will be
performed to document that the full load Station sound level contribution does not exceed an Ldn of 55 dBA
at the surrounding NSAs. The results of the sound survey will be submitted to the Commission.
Hancock CS (Modified)
Within 60 days of startup of the modified Hancock CS, a Post-Construction Sound Survey will be
performed to document that the full capacity station sound level contribution does not exceed an Ldn of 55
dBA at the surrounding NSAs. The results of the sound survey will be submitted to the Commission.
Within 60 days of startup of the modified Ramapo M&R, a Post-Construction Sound Survey will be
performed to document that the full load station sound level contribution does not exceed an Ldn of 55 dBA
at the surrounding NSAs. The results of the sound survey will be submitted to the Commission.
Within 60 days of startup of the modified Huguenot M&R, a Post-Construction Sound Survey will be
performed to document that the full load station sound level contribution does not exceed an Ldn of 55 dBA
at the surrounding NSAs. The results of the sound survey will be submitted to the Commission.
9.3 REFERENCES
Branosky, E., Stevens, A., Forbes, S. Defining the Shale Gas Life Cycle: A Framework for Identifying
and Mitigating Environmental Impacts; World Resources Institute: Washington, DC, 2012.
Center for Disease Controls Agency for Toxic Substances Disease Registry, 2011. Agency for Toxic
Substances and Disease Registry. Health Consultation. Review of Formaldehyde Emissions
from Transcontinental Pipeline, Compressor Station #130. Comer, Georgia. U.S. Department of
Health and Human Services. April 18.
FERC 2015. New Market Project. Environmental Assessment. Docket No. CP14-497-000. October.
Resource Report 9 - Air and Noise Quality 9-21 Eastern System Upgrade
H&K RN 3353, dated July 27, 2016, Hancock Compressor Station, Noise Impact Analysis (Eastern System
Upgrade).
H&K RN 3354, dated July 27, 2016, Proposed Highland Compressor Station, Ambient Sound Survey and
Noise Impact Analysis (Eastern System Upgrade).
H&K RN 3355, dated July 27, 2016, Ramapo Compressor Station, Pre-Construction Sound Survey and
Noise Impact Analysis (Eastern System Upgrade).
H&K RN 3356, dated July 27, 2016, HDD Construction Noise Assessment (Eastern System Upgrade).
H&K RN 2725, dated August 31, 2013, Hancock Compressor Station, Ambient Sound Survey and Noise
Impact Analysis (associated with the Hancock Compressor Project), FERC Docket No. CP-13-14-
000.
H&K RN 2725, dated May 22, 2014, Hancock Compressor Station, Post-Construction Sound Survey,
FERC Docket No. CP-13-14-000.
Moore, C.W., Zielinska, B., Petron, G., and Jackson, R.B. 2014. Air Impacts of Increased Natural Gas
Acquisition, Processing, and Use: A Critical Review. Environ. Sci. Technol., 48, 83498359.
NYSDEC 2010. Division of Air Resources (DAR) 1 AGC/SGC Tables. October 18.
[USEPA] United States Environmental Protection Agency. 1971. Community Noise, NTID 300.3,
Washington, DC, 1974. Information on Levels of Noise Requisite to Protect Public Health and
Welfare with an Adequate Margin of Safety. Washington, DC.
USEPA 2016. Reviewing National Ambient Air Quality Standards Scientific and Technical Information,
on-line at: https://www3.epa.gov/ttn/naaqs/.
United States Code of Federal Regulations. 1983. Title 18, Part 157, Section 157.206(d)(5) Environmental
Compliance, Sound Levels. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
Resource Report 9 - Air and Noise Quality 9-22 Eastern System Upgrade
APPENDIX 9A
Supplemental Tables
Resource Report 9 - Air and Noise Quality 9A-i Eastern System Upgrade
TABLE 9A-1
Regional Climate Data
Parameter Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual
Normal Daily
Minimum 18.5 20.7 27.6 38.2 47.6 56.5 60.9 59.5 52.1 41.1 33.3 23.8 40.1
Temperature (F)
Normal Daily
Maximum 33.2 36.8 46.2 59.1 69.7 77.7 81.9 79.9 72.3 60.7 49.4 37.5 58.8
Temperature (F)
Normal Daily
Mean 25.8 28.8 36.9 48.6 58.6 67.1 71.4 69.7 62.2 50.9 41.4 30.6 49.4
Temperature (F)
Average Wind
7.8 8.1 8.4 8.2 7.1 6.4 6.0 5.7 6.1 6.5 7.3 7.5 7.1
Speed (mph)
Mean Number of
Days with 0.01 12 11 12 12 13 12 11 11 10 10 11 12 136
in. Precipitation
Normal
2.37 2.03 2.55 3.33 3.52 4.03 3.79 3.41 4.07 3.34 3.14 2.68 38.26
Precipitation (in.)
Average Snow
11.3 10.6 5.5 2.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 3.5 8.6 45.3
Fall (in.)
Source:
Data reported for Avoca, Pennsylvania in Comparative Climatic Data for the United States Through 2014, National
Climatic Data Center. The approximates distances and directions from Project facilities to the meteorological data
station are as follows:
Hancock CS 52 miles SW
Highland CS 61 miles SSW
Huguenot M&R 56 miles WSW
Ramapo M&R 86 miles W
Westtown M&R 75 miles W
Notes:
F = degrees Fahrenheit
in. = inches
T = Trace
Resource Report 9 - Air and Noise Quality 9A-1 Eastern System Upgrade
TABLE 9A-2
National Ambient Air Quality Standards
Primary Secondary
Averaging Standard Standard
Pollutant Rank
Time
ppm g/m3 ppm g/m3
99th percentile of 1-hour daily maximum
1-hour 0.075 196 N/A N/A
SO2 concentrations, averaged over 3 years
3-hour N/A N/A 0.5 1,300 Not to be exceeded more than once per year
Not to be exceeded more than once per year
PM10 24-hour N/A 150 N/A 150
on average over 3 years
24-hour N/A 35 N/A 35 98th percentile, averaged over 3 years
PM2.5
Annual N/A 12 N/A 15 Annual mean, averaged over 3 years
98th percentile of 1-hour daily maximum
1-hour 0.100 188 N/A N/A
NO2 concentrations, averaged over 3 years
Annual 0.053 100 0.053 100 Annual Mean
8-hour 9 10,000 N/A N/A Not to be exceeded more than once per year
CO
1-hour 35 40,000 N/A N/A Not to be exceeded more than once per year
8-hour Annual fourth-highest daily maximum 8-hr
0.070 143 0.070 143
(2015) concentration, averaged over 3 years
O3
8-hour Annual fourth-highest daily maximum 8-hr
0.075 150 0.075 150
(2008) concentration, averaged over 3 years
3-month
Pb N/A 0.15 N/A 0.15 Not to be exceeded
rolling
Source:
http://www.epa.gov/air/criteria.html accessed 03/01/2016
Notes:
ppm = parts per million
g/m3 = micrograms per cubic meter
SO2 = sulfur dioxide
PM2.5 particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter 2.5 m
PM10 = particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter 10 m
NOx = nitrogen oxides
CO = carbon monoxide
O3 = ozone
Pb = lead
N/A not applicable
Resource Report 9 - Air and Noise Quality 9A-2 Eastern System Upgrade
TABLE 9A-3
New York State Ambient Air Quality Standards
Primary
Averaging Standard
Pollutant Rank
Time
ppm g/m3
0.10 260 99th percentile of 24-hour average concentrations
24-hour
SO2 0.14 365 Not to be exceeded more than once per year
Annual 0.03 80 Not to be exceeded
See 6 NYCRR 257-3
(https://govt.westlaw.com/nycrr/Browse/Home/NewYork/NewYorkCodesRulesandRegu
PM
lations?guid=Ic4010960b5a011dda0a4e17826ebc834&originationContext=documentto
c&transitionType=Default&contextData=(sc.Default))
NO2 Annual 0.05 100 Annual average of 24-hour concentrations
8-hour 9 10,000 Not to be exceeded more than once per year
CO
1-hour 35 40,000 Not to be exceeded more than once per year
Photochemical
1-hour 0.08 160 Not to be exceeded more than once per year
Oxidants
NMHC 1-hour 0.24 160 Not to be exceeded more than once per year
12-hour 0.0045 3.7 Not to be exceeded
Source:
6 NYCRR Subchapter B (http://www.dec.ny.gov/regs/2492.html) accessed 03/01/2016
Notes:
ppm = parts per million
g/m3 = micrograms per cubic meter
SO2 = sulfur dioxide
PM = particulate matter
NO2 = nitrogen dioxide
CO = carbon monoxide
NMHC = non-methane hydrocarbons
Be = beryllium
H2S = hydrogen sulfide
N/A not applicable
Resource Report 9 - Air and Noise Quality 9A-3 Eastern System Upgrade
TABLE 9A-4
Attainment Status of the Project Areas
Pollutant Project Area Status / Designation
SO2 All Project Counties Better Than National Standard
Rockland and Orange Counties Attainment
PM10
Delaware and Sullivan Counties Unclassifiable / Attainment
24-hour PM2.5
All Project Counties Unclassifiable / Attainment
(1997 Standard)
Source:
40 CFR 81.333 and USEPA Green Book (http://www.epa.gov/oaqps001/greenbk/ancl.html)
Notes:
NA = Not Applicable
a/ Standard revoked effective June 15, 2005.
b/ Standard revoked effective April 5, 2015. (see 80 FR 12264 - 12319, March 6, 2015)
SO2 = sulfur dioxide
PM2.5 particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter 2.5 m
PM10 = particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter 10 m
NO2 = nitrogen dioxides
CO = carbon monoxide
O3 = ozone
Pb = lead
Resource Report 9 - Air and Noise Quality 9A-4 Eastern System Upgrade
TABLE 9A-5
Ambient Air Quality Data for the Project Areas
Source:
EPA AirData; http://www.epa.gov/airdata/ accessed March 2016.
Notes:
a/ Building #1, Department of Public Works (DPW) off Route 513, Chester, NJ
b/ South Green & Delaware, Nazareth, PA
c/ 155 Broadway, Newburg, NY; 26 miles east northeast
d/ George Street Troop and the City of Scranton, Scranton, PA; 60
e/ 1175 Route 17K, Montgomery Valley Central HS, Montgomery, NY
f/ 1501 E. Lycoming Ave., Philadelphia, PA
Resource Report 9 - Air and Noise Quality 9A-5 Eastern System Upgrade
TABLE 9A-6
Project Construction Emissions in the New York-New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-CT O3 Nonattainment Area
Emissions (tons)
Construction Activity Total
NOx SO2 CO PM10 PM2.5 VOC CO2e
HAPs
2017
Ramapo M&R
Commuter transit N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
On-road vehicles N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Off-road equipment N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Open burning N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Fugitive dust N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Project Total N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
2018
Ramapo M&R
Commuter transit 0.13 5.5E-04 0.71 3.4E-03 3.1E-03 0.01 78 3.6E-03
On-road vehicles 7.5E-03 2.0E-05 1.7E-03 2.3E-04 2.1E-04 2.8E-04 2 5.8E-05
Off-road equipment 0.19 4.9E-04 0.62 0.01 0.01 0.32 39 4.0E-03
Open burning N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Fugitive dust N/A N/A N/A 1.17 0.12 N/A N/A N/A
Project Total 0.33 1.1E-03 1.33 1.19 0.14 0.34 120 7.7E-03
Notes:
CO = carbon monoxide
CO2e = carbon dioxide equivalent
HAP = hazardous air pollutant
NOx = nitrogen oxides
PM2.5 particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter 2.5 m
PM10 = particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter 10 m
SO2 = sulfur dioxide
VOC = volatile organic compound
N/A not applicable
Resource Report 9 - Air and Noise Quality 9A-6 Eastern System Upgrade
TABLE 9A-7
Project Construction Emissions in Attainment Areas
Emissions (tons)
Construction Activity Total
NOx SO2 CO PM10 PM2.5 VOC CO2e
HAPs
2017
Highland CS
Commuter transit 0.22 9.2E-04 1.25 5.8E-03 5.2E-03 0.03 131 7.0E-03
On-road vehicles 0.05 1.3E-04 0.06 1.5E-03 1.4E-03 2.5E-03 15 1.5E-03
Off-road equipment 0.61 1.4E-03 0.27 0.05 0.05 0.07 189 4.2E-03
Open burning N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Fugitive dust N/A N/A N/A 2.40 0.24 N/A N/A N/A
Subtotal 0.88 2.5E-03 1.58 2.45 0.29 0.10 335 0.01
Hancock CS 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.00
Commuter transit 0.08 3.3E-04 0.46 2.1E-03 1.9E-03 0.01 48 2.5E-03
On-road vehicles 0.02 4.6E-05 0.02 5.5E-04 5.0E-04 9.0E-04 6 5.6E-04
Off-road equipment 0.32 6.9E-04 0.13 0.02 0.02 0.03 91 2.0E-03
Open burning N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Fugitive dust N/A N/A N/A 1.68 0.17 N/A N/A N/A
Subtotal 0.42 1.1E-03 0.61 1.71 0.19 0.05 144 5.1E-03
Huguenot Loop, Huguenot M&R, and Westtown M&R
Commuter transit 0.40 1.7E-03 2.47 9.0E-03 8.1E-03 0.05 243 0.01
On-road vehicles 0.18 4.2E-04 0.04 5.7E-03 5.2E-03 6.8E-03 48 1.3E-03
Off-road equipment 11.89 0.02 9.06 0.68 0.68 1.18 3,019 0.07
Open burning N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Fugitive dust N/A N/A N/A 13.76 1.45 N/A N/A N/A
Subtotal 12.46 0.02 11.57 14.45 2.14 1.24 3,309 0.09
Project Total 13.76 0.03 13.76 18.62 2.63 1.38 3,788 0.11
2018
Highland CS
Commuter transit 0.45 2.1E-03 2.70 0.01 0.01 0.05 294 0.01
On-road vehicles 0.35 9.4E-04 0.08 0.01 9.6E-03 0.01 107 2.7E-03
Off-road equipment 3.24 7.3E-03 3.04 0.32 0.32 1.03 921 0.03
Open burning N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Fugitive dust N/A N/A N/A 5.90 0.61 N/A N/A N/A
Subtotal 4.03 0.01 5.82 6.24 0.95 1.10 1,322 0.04
Hancock CS
Commuter transit 0.30 1.4E-03 1.84 7.8E-03 7.1E-03 0.04 200 9.1E-03
On-road vehicles 0.32 9.0E-04 0.30 9.2E-03 8.5E-03 0.01 107 3.1E-03
Off-road equipment 2.20 4.9E-03 2.06 0.22 0.22 0.70 626 0.02
Open burning N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Resource Report 9 - Air and Noise Quality 9A-7 Eastern System Upgrade
TABLE 9A-7
Project Construction Emissions in Attainment Areas
Emissions (tons)
Construction Activity Total
NOx SO2 CO PM10 PM2.5 VOC CO2e
HAPs
Fugitive dust 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.15 0.43 0.00 0 0.00
Subtotal 2.83 7.2E-03 4.20 4.38 0.66 0.75 933 0.03
Huguenot Loop, Huguenot M&R, and Westtown M&R
Commuter transit 0.79 3.7E-03 5.34 0.02 0.02 0.09 544 0.02
On-road vehicles 0.35 9.4E-04 0.08 0.01 9.6E-03 0.01 107 2.7E-03
Off-road equipment 19.70 0.05 17.80 1.15 1.15 2.20 6,360 0.16
Open burning N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Fugitive dust N/A N/A N/A 24.31 2.91 N/A N/A N/A
Subtotal 20.84 0.05 23.22 25.49 4.08 2.30 7,011 0.18
Project Total 27.70 0.07 33.24 36.11 5.69 4.16 9,266 0.25
Notes:
CO = carbon monoxide
CO2e = carbon dioxide equivalent
HAP = hazardous air pollutant
NOx = nitrogen oxides
PM2.5 particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter 2.5 m
PM10 = particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter 10 m
SO2 = sulfur dioxide
VOC = volatile organic compound
N/A not applicable
Resource Report 9 - Air and Noise Quality 9A-8 Eastern System Upgrade
TABLE 9A-8
Operational Emissions Summary - Natural Gas Releases
Emissions (tons per year)
Construction
Activity Total
NOx SO2 CO PM10 PM2.5 VOC CO2e
HAPs
Huguenot Loop N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 4.6E-06 1.5 N/A
Huguenot M&R N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 1.9E-04 6.3 N/A
Westtown M&R N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 1.9E-04 6.3 N/A
Ramapo M&R N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 1.9E-04 6.3 N/A
Project Total N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 1.07 17,138.6 N/A
Notes:
CO = carbon monoxide
CO2e = carbon dioxide equivalent
HAP = hazardous air pollutant
NOx = nitrogen oxides
PM2.5 particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter 2.5 m
PM10 = particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter 10 m
SO2 = sulfur dioxide
VOC = volatile organic compound
N/A not applicable
Resource Report 9 - Air and Noise Quality 9A-9 Eastern System Upgrade
TABLE 9A-9
Hourly Operational Emissions Summary (Excludes Natural Gas Releases)
Emissions (pounds per hour)
Facility/ Emission Source Total
NOx SO2 CO PM10 PM2.5 VOC CO2e
HAPs
Ramapo M&R
Existing
Proposed New
Highland CS
Proposed New
Solar Titan 130E 11.09 4.57 17.8 12.27 12.27 5.53 21,847 0.57
Waukesha VGF48GL
5.42 0.006 10.85 0.10 0.10 2.71 1,139 0.70
Emergency Generator A
Fuel Gas Heater A 0.12 0.007 0.10 0.01 0.01 0.007 144 0.002
Hancock CS
Existing
Solar Mars 100 7.82 1.89 10.87 2.85 2.85 0.90 15,867 0.14
Waukesha VGF36
3.88 0.004 7.76 0.07 0.07 1.94 874 0.54
Emergency Generator A
Proposed New
Solar Titan 130E 10.94 1.03 17.64 2.76 2.76 1.25 21,546 0.56
Waukesha VGF48GL
5.42 0.006 10.85 0.10 0.10 2.71 1,139 0.71
Emergency Generator A
Fuel Gas Heater A 0.12 0.007 0.10 0.01 0.01 0.007 144 0.002
Notes:
CO = carbon monoxide
CO2e = carbon dioxide equivalent
HAP = hazardous air pollutant
NOx = nitrogen oxides
PM2.5 particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter 2.5 m
PM10 = particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter 10 m
SO2 = sulfur dioxide
VOC = volatile organic compound
Resource Report 9 - Air and Noise Quality 9A-10 Eastern System Upgrade
TABLE 9A-10
Annual Operational Emissions Summary (Excludes Natural Gas Releases)
Emissions (tons per year)
Facility/ Emission Source Total
NOx SO2 CO PM10 PM2.5 VOC CO2e
HAPs
Ramapo M&R
Existing
Proposed New
Facility Total TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
Highland CS
Proposed New
Solar Titan 130E 48.59 4.57 78.08 12.27 12.27 5.53 95,690 2.48
Waukesha VGF48GL
1.36 0.001 2.71 0.02 0.02 0.68 285 0.18
Emergency Generator A
Fuel Gas Heater A 0.53 0.03 0.44 0.04 0.04 0.03 631 0.01
Facility Total 50.47 4.60 8.23 12.33 12.33 6.23 96,606 2.67
Hancock CS
Existing
Solar Mars 100 34.24 8.26 47.62 12.47 12.47 3.94 69,499 0.61
Waukesha VGF36
0.97 0.001 1.94 0.02 0.02 0.49 219 0.13
Emergency Generator A
Proposed New
Solar Titan 130E 47.92 4.51 77.28 12.10 12.10 5.45 94,373 2.45
Waukesha VGF48GL
1.36 0.001 2.71 0.02 0.02 0.68 285 0.18
Emergency Generator A
Fuel Gas Heater A 0.53 0.03 0.44 0.04 0.04 0.03 631 0.01
Facility Total 85.0 12.8 130.0 24.7 24.7 10.6 165,007 3.4
Notes:
CO = carbon monoxide
CO2e = carbon dioxide equivalent
HAP = hazardous air pollutant
NOx = nitrogen oxides
PM2.5 particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter 2.5 m
PM10 = particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter 10 m
SO2 = sulfur dioxide
VOC = volatile organic compound
Resource Report 9 - Air and Noise Quality 9A-11 Eastern System Upgrade
TABLE 9A-11
Compressor Station AERSCREEN / AERMOD Modeling Results
Maximum
Combined Ambient Total
Averaging NAAQS
Pollutant Model Background Concentration
Period (g/m3)
Concentration (g/m3) (g/m3)
(g/m3)
Highland CS (New)
Notes:
g/m3 = microgram per cubic meter
CO = carbon monoxide
NOx = nitrogen oxides
PM2.5 particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter 2.5 m
PM10 = particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter 10 m
SO2 = sulfur dioxide
Resource Report 9 - Air and Noise Quality 9A-12 Eastern System Upgrade
TABLE 9A-12
Noise Quality Analysis for the Proposed Highland CS
Potential
Estimated Estimated Total Ldn
Distance and Increase
Leq of Ldn of (Ambient +
Direction to Existing Above
Proposed Proposed Proposed
NSAs Proposed Ambient Ldn Existing
Compressor Compressor Compressor
Compressor Ambient
Station Station Station)
Station Level
(dBA) (dBA) (dBA) (dBA) (dB)
NSA #1
3,300 feet NW 41.0 29.0 35.4 42.0 1.0
(Houses)
NSA #2
3,000 feet W 41.0 29.8 36.2 42.2 1.2
(Houses)
NSA #3
2,900 feet SW 41.0 30.1 36.5 42.3 1.3
(House)
NSA #4
3,750 feet N-NW 41.0 27.9 34.3 41.8 0.8
(House)
Notes:
dBA = A weighting frequency scale
dB = decibel
Ldn = Day-Night Level
Leq = Equivalent Sound Level
NSA = Noise Sensitive Area
NW = northwest
W = West
N-NW = North, northwest
SW = Southwest
Resource Report 9 - Air and Noise Quality 9A-13 Eastern System Upgrade
TABLE 9A-13
Noise Quality Analysis for the Modified Hancock CS
Potential Potential
Ldn of Total Ldn
Distance and Ldn of Total Ldn Increase Increase
Proposed (Existing
Direction to Existing Existing (Existing Above Above
Station +
Center of Ambient Station at Compressor Station + Existing Existing
NSAs Proposed
Proposed Ldn Full Load Unit Addition Proposed Station Ambient
Unit 2 +
Compressor Operation (Unit 2) Unit 2) Sound Sound
Ambient)
Unit Level Level
NSA #1
675 feet E 42.6 40.8 44.7 46.2 47.8 5.4 5.2
(House)
NSA #3
2,175 feet NE 41.1 30.4 33.6 35.3 42.1 4.9 1.0
(House)
Notes:
dBA = A weighting frequency scale
dB = decibel
E = East
E-NE = East, northeast
Ldn = Day-Night Level
NE = Northeast
NSA = Noise Sensitive Area
S-SE = South, southeast
W-SW = South- southwest
Resource Report 9 - Air and Noise Quality 9A-14 Eastern System Upgrade
TABLE 9A-14
Noise Quality Analysis for the Modified Ramapo M&R
NSA #1
975 feet E to SE 58.7 35.9 42.3 58.8 0.1
(Houses)
NSA #3
1,900 feet
(County 43.3 28.5 34.9 43.9 0.6
S-SW
Park)
Notes:
dBA = A weighting frequency scale
dB = decibel
E = East
Ldn = Day-Night Level
Leq = Equivalent Sound Level
M&R = Metering and Regulating facilities
N-NE = North, northeast
NE = Northeast
NSA = Noise Sensitive Area
S-SW = South, southwest
SE = Southeast
Resource Report 9 - Air and Noise Quality 9A-15 Eastern System Upgrade
TABLE 9A-15
Noise Quality Analysis for the Modified Huguenot M&R
NSA #1
250 feet S to NE 48.9 42.9 49.3 52.1 3.2
(Houses)
NSA #2
475 feet NE to NW 48.8 36.9 43.3 49.9 1.1
(Houses)
NSA #3
700 feet NW to W-NW 46.5 33.1 39.5 47.3 0.9
(Houses)
Notes:
dBA = A weighting frequency scale
dB = decibel
Ldn = Day-Night Level
Leq = Equivalent Sound Level
M&R = Metering and Regulating facilities
NE = Northeast
NW = Northwest
NSA = Noise Sensitive Area
S = South
W-NW = West, northwest
Resource Report 9 - Air and Noise Quality 9A-16 Eastern System Upgrade
APPENDIX 9B
Resource Report 9 Air and Noise Quality 9B-i Eastern System Upgrade
Table9.B.1.1:MillenniumPipelineCompany,L.L.C.EasternSystemUpgradeProjectHuguenotLoop,HuguenotM&R,andWesttownM&R
2017ConstructionEquipmentCriteriaPollutantEmissions
(Continued)
NonroadEquipmentType/ Fuel NONROADSCC Engine No. Load PollutantEmissionFactor EquipmentOperating PollutantEmissions
OnRoadVehicleType MOVESYear/ Rating Factor (g/hphr) Schedule (tons)
State/Vehicle (hp) (g/mile)
Type/Fuel/Road CO NOx SO VOC PM PM. weeks days/ hr/day CO NOx SO VOC PM PM.
Type 2 week mi/day
CommuterTransit
Buses Diesel 2017364323 1 2 1 1.73 5.69 7.7E3 0.36 0.23 0.21 11 6 50 0.01 0.04 5.6E5 2.6E3 1.7E3 1.6E3
LightTrucks Diesel 2017363223 1 4 1 1.08 1.73 5.8E3 0.26 0.09 0.08 11 6 100 0.03 0.05 1.7E4 7.4E3 2.6E3 2.4E3
PassengerCars Gasoline 2017362113 1 48 1 1.49 0.16 2.0E3 0.02 5.3E3 4.7E3 11 6 80 0.42 0.04 5.5E4 6.4E3 1.5E3 1.3E3
PassengerTrucks Gasoline 2017363113 1 48 1 7.21 0.93 3.2E3 0.12 0.01 0.01 11 6 80 2.01 0.26 8.9E4 0.03 3.2E3 2.8E3
Total 2.47 0.40 1.7E3 0.05 9.0E3 8.1E3
OnRoadVehicles
MaterialsDelivery
HeavyTrucks Diesel 2017366123 1 4 1 1.36 6.12 0.01 0.23 0.20 0.18 11 6 100 0.04 0.18 4.2E4 6.8E3 5.7E3 5.2E3
Total 0.04 0.18 4.2E4 6.8E3 5.7E3 5.2E3
OffRoadEquipment
LowboyTruck Diesel 2270002051 400 9 59% 0.37 1.06 3.8E3 0.14 0.06 0.06 11 6 5 0.29 0.82 2.9E3 0.11 0.04 0.04
FlatbedTruck Diesel 2270002051 125 16 59% 0.24 0.67 3.6E3 0.14 0.04 0.04 11 6 5 0.10 0.29 1.6E3 0.06 0.02 0.02
Dozer Diesel 2270002069 250 12 59% 0.42 1.28 3.9E3 0.15 0.08 0.08 11 6 5 0.27 0.82 2.5E3 0.10 0.05 0.05
Backhoe/Excavator Diesel 2270002066 300 12 21% 1.77 3.45 5.1E3 0.50 0.34 0.34 11 6 5 0.49 0.95 1.4E3 0.14 0.09 0.09
Backhoe Diesel 2270002066 80 6 21% 4.89 3.94 5.8E3 0.76 0.71 0.71 11 6 5 0.18 0.14 2.1E4 0.03 0.03 0.03
SideBooms Diesel 2270002069 260 8 59% 0.42 1.28 3.9E3 0.15 0.08 0.08 11 6 5 0.19 0.57 1.7E3 0.07 0.03 0.03
Crane Diesel 2270002045 250 3 43% 0.37 1.67 4.0E3 0.17 0.08 0.08 11 6 5 0.04 0.20 4.7E4 0.02 9.0E3 9.0E3
Crane Diesel 2270002045 680 3 43% 0.92 2.60 4.3E3 0.17 0.11 0.11 11 6 5 0.29 0.83 1.4E3 0.05 0.04 0.04
Loaders/Graders Diesel 2270002048 250 2 59% 0.41 1.25 3.9E3 0.15 0.08 0.08 11 6 5 0.04 0.13 4.2E4 0.02 8.1E3 8.1E3
FarmTractors Diesel 2270002066 175 1 21% 1.77 3.45 5.1E3 0.50 0.34 0.34 11 6 5 0.02 0.05 6.8E5 6.7E3 4.5E3 4.5E3
Forklift/Manlift Diesel 2270002057 60 3 59% 2.01 3.47 4.8E3 0.23 0.23 0.23 11 6 5 0.08 0.13 1.9E4 9.0E3 8.9E3 8.9E3
BendingMachine Diesel 2270002081 85 1 59% 2.34 2.55 4.8E3 0.25 0.31 0.31 11 6 5 0.04 0.05 8.7E5 4.6E3 5.7E3 5.7E3
RoadBoringMachine Diesel 2270002033 90 1 43% 2.17 4.03 5.0E3 0.43 0.40 0.40 11 6 5 0.03 0.06 7.0E5 6.0E3 5.6E3 5.6E3
Fill/TestPumps Diesel 2270006010 40 2 43% 1.32 4.23 4.8E3 0.31 0.26 0.26 11 6 5 0.02 0.05 6.1E5 3.9E3 3.2E3 3.2E3
185acfmCompressor Diesel 2270006015 60 2 43% 1.69 3.67 4.8E3 0.25 0.22 0.22 11 6 5 0.03 0.07 9.0E5 4.7E3 4.2E3 4.2E3
375acfmCompressor Diesel 2270006015 100 2 43% 0.58 2.23 4.2E3 0.20 0.14 0.14 11 6 5 0.02 0.07 1.3E4 6.4E3 4.5E3 4.5E3
1200acfmCompressor Diesel 2270006015 350 2 43% 0.83 3.02 4.3E3 0.20 0.13 0.13 11 6 5 0.09 0.33 4.7E4 0.02 0.01 0.01
WeldingMachine Diesel 2270006025 40 16 21% 3.59 4.72 5.8E3 0.80 0.58 0.58 11 6 5 0.18 0.23 2.8E4 0.04 0.03 0.03
Generator Diesel 2270006005 50 14 43% 2.29 4.64 5.0E3 0.45 0.38 0.38 11 6 5 0.25 0.51 5.5E4 0.05 0.04 0.04
MiscSaws,TrowelMachine, Diesel 2270002008 50 6 43% 4.46 4.64 5.4E3 0.62 0.44 0.44 11 6 5 0.21 0.22 2.5E4 0.03 0.02 0.02
CompactorPlate,etc.
6"WaterPump Diesel 2270006010 60 6 43% 2.31 4.65 5.0E3 0.45 0.40 0.40 11 6 5 0.13 0.26 2.8E4 0.03 0.02 0.02
HDDRig Diesel 2270002033 800 2 43% 1.39 5.36 4.4E3 0.37 0.23 0.23 13 6 12 0.99 3.80 3.1E3 0.26 0.16 0.16
3"WaterPump Diesel 2270006010 40 6 43% 1.32 4.23 4.8E3 0.31 0.26 0.26 11 6 5 0.05 0.16 1.8E4 0.01 9.7E3 9.7E3
OnRoadVehicles
MaterialsDelivery
HeavyTrucks Diesel 2017366123 1 4 1 1,635 1,636 0.05 11 6 100 48 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 48 1.3E3
48 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 48 1.3E3
OffRoadEquipment
LowboyTruck Diesel 2270002051 400 9 59% 536 0.03 0.01 541 1.2E02 11 6 5 414 0.01 0.02 418 9.5E3
FlatbedTruck Diesel 2270002051 125 16 59% 536 0.03 0.01 541 1.2E02 11 6 5 230 5.8E3 0.01 232 5.3E3
Dozer Diesel 2270002069 250 12 59% 536 0.03 0.01 541 1.2E02 11 6 5 345 8.7E3 0.02 348 7.9E3
Backhoe/Excavator Diesel 2270002066 300 12 21% 625 0.04 0.02 631 1.2E02 11 6 5 172 4.3E3 9.7E3 173 3.4E3
Backhoe Diesel 2270002066 80 6 21% 694 0.04 0.02 700 1.2E02 11 6 5 25 6.4E4 1.4E3 26 4.5E4
SideBooms Diesel 2270002069 260 8 59% 536 0.03 0.01 541 1.2E02 11 6 5 239 6.0E3 0.01 242 5.5E3
Crane Diesel 2270002045 250 3 43% 531 0.03 0.01 535 1.2E02 11 6 5 62 1.6E3 3.5E3 63 1.4E3
Crane Diesel 2270002045 680 3 43% 530 0.03 0.01 535 5.0E3 11 6 5 169 4.2E3 9.6E3 171 1.6E3
Loaders/Graders Diesel 2270002048 250 2 59% 536 0.03 0.01 541 1.2E02 11 6 5 58 1.4E3 3.2E3 58 1.3E3
FarmTractors Diesel 2270002066 175 1 21% 625 0.04 0.02 631 1.2E02 11 6 5 8 2.1E4 4.7E4 8 1.6E4
Forklift/Manlift Diesel 2270002057 60 3 59% 595 0.03 0.01 601 1.2E02 11 6 5 23 5.8E4 1.3E3 23 4.8E4
BendingMachine Diesel 2270002081 85 1 59% 595 0.03 0.01 601 1.2E02 11 6 5 11 2.7E4 6.1E4 11 2.2E4
RoadBoringMachine Diesel 2270002033 90 1 43% 589 0.03 0.01 594 1.2E02 11 6 5 8 2.1E4 4.7E4 8 1.7E4
Fill/TestPumps Diesel 2270006010 40 2 43% 589 0.03 0.01 595 1.2E02 11 6 5 7 1.8E4 4.2E4 7 1.5E4
185acfmCompressor Diesel 2270006015 60 2 43% 590 0.03 0.01 595 1.2E02 11 6 5 11 2.8E4 6.2E4 11 2.3E4
375acfmCompressor Diesel 2270006015 100 2 43% 530 0.03 0.01 535 1.2E02 11 6 5 17 4.2E4 9.4E4 17 3.9E4
1200acfmCompressor Diesel 2270006015 350 2 43% 530 0.03 0.01 535 1.2E02 11 6 5 58 1.5E3 3.3E3 59 1.3E3
WeldingMachine Diesel 2270006025 40 16 21% 693 0.04 0.02 700 1.2E02 11 6 5 34 8.5E4 1.9E3 34 6.0E4
Generator Diesel 2270006005 50 14 43% 589 0.03 0.01 594 1.2E02 11 6 5 64 1.6E3 3.6E3 65 1.3E3
MiscSaws,TrowelMachine, Diesel 2270002008 50 6 43% 588 0.03 0.01 594 1.2E02 11 6 5 28 6.9E4 1.6E3 28 5.8E4
CompactorPlate,etc.
6"WaterPump Diesel 2270006010 60 6 43% 589 0.03 0.01 594 1.2E02 11 6 5 33 8.3E4 1.9E3 33 6.9E4
HDDRig Diesel 2270002033 800 2 43% 530 0.03 0.01 535 5.0E3 13 6 12 376 9.4E3 0.02 379 3.5E3
3"WaterPump Diesel 2270006010 40 6 43% 589 0.03 0.01 595 1.2E02 11 6 5 22 5.5E4 1.2E3 22 4.6E4
OnRoadVehicles
MaterialsDelivery
HeavyTrucks Diesel 2018366123 1 4 1 1.17 5.23 0.01 0.20 0.16 0.15 25 6 100 0.08 0.35 9.4E4 0.01 0.01 9.6E3
Total 0.08 0.35 9.4E4 0.01 0.01 9.6E3
OffRoadEquipment
LowboyTruck Diesel 2270002051 400 9 59% 0.27 0.82 3.7E3 0.14 0.04 0.04 25 6 5 0.47 1.45 6.4E3 0.24 0.06 0.06
FlatbedTruck Diesel 2270002051 125 16 59% 0.19 0.47 3.6E3 0.13 0.03 0.03 25 6 5 0.19 0.46 3.5E3 0.13 0.03 0.03
Dozer Diesel 2270002069 250 12 59% 0.32 1.04 3.8E3 0.15 0.06 0.06 25 6 5 0.47 1.52 5.5E3 0.21 0.08 0.08
Backhoe/Excavator Diesel 2270002066 300 12 21% 1.61 3.15 5.0E3 0.46 0.31 0.31 25 6 5 1.01 1.97 3.1E3 0.29 0.19 0.19
Backhoe Diesel 2270002066 80 6 21% 4.56 3.63 5.7E3 0.69 0.65 0.65 25 6 5 0.38 0.30 4.7E4 0.06 0.05 0.05
SideBooms Diesel 2270002069 260 8 59% 0.32 1.04 3.8E3 0.15 0.06 0.06 25 6 5 0.33 1.05 3.8E3 0.15 0.06 0.06
Crane Diesel 2270002045 250 3 43% 0.32 1.43 3.9E3 0.16 0.06 0.06 25 6 5 0.08 0.38 1.0E3 0.04 0.02 0.02
Crane Diesel 2270002045 680 3 43% 0.84 2.31 4.2E3 0.17 0.10 0.10 25 6 5 0.61 1.67 3.0E3 0.12 0.07 0.07
Loaders/Graders Diesel 2270002048 250 2 59% 0.31 1.01 3.8E3 0.15 0.05 0.05 25 6 5 0.08 0.25 9.2E4 0.04 0.01 0.01
FarmTractors Diesel 2270002066 175 1 21% 1.61 3.15 5.0E3 0.46 0.31 0.31 25 6 5 0.05 0.10 1.5E4 0.01 9.4E3 9.4E3
Forklift/Manlift Diesel 2270002057 60 3 59% 1.76 3.36 4.7E3 0.21 0.20 0.20 25 6 5 0.15 0.30 4.1E4 0.02 0.02 0.02
BendingMachine Diesel 2270002081 85 1 59% 2.10 2.25 4.6E3 0.23 0.28 0.28 25 6 5 0.09 0.09 1.9E4 9.6E3 0.01 0.01
RoadBoringMachine Diesel 2270002033 90 1 43% 2.03 3.75 4.9E3 0.40 0.37 0.37 25 6 5 0.06 0.12 1.6E4 0.01 0.01 0.01
Fill/TestPumps Diesel 2270006010 40 2 43% 1.18 4.09 4.7E3 0.28 0.23 0.23 25 6 5 0.03 0.12 1.3E4 8.0E3 6.6E3 6.6E3
185acfmCompressor Diesel 2270006015 60 2 43% 1.53 3.55 4.7E3 0.23 0.20 0.20 25 6 5 0.07 0.15 2.0E4 9.8E3 8.4E3 8.4E3
375acfmCompressor Diesel 2270006015 100 2 43% 0.52 1.95 4.1E3 0.19 0.13 0.13 25 6 5 0.04 0.14 2.9E4 0.01 9.2E3 9.2E3
1200acfmCompressor Diesel 2270006015 350 2 43% 0.76 2.76 4.3E3 0.19 0.12 0.12 25 6 5 0.19 0.69 1.1E3 0.05 0.03 0.03
WeldingMachine Diesel 2270006025 40 16 21% 3.21 4.56 5.7E3 0.71 0.53 0.53 25 6 5 0.36 0.51 6.4E4 0.08 0.06 0.06
Generator Diesel 2270006005 50 14 43% 2.15 4.51 5.0E3 0.42 0.36 0.36 25 6 5 0.54 1.12 1.2E3 0.10 0.09 0.09
MiscSaws,TrowelMachine, Diesel 2270002008 50 6 43% 4.46 4.55 5.4E3 0.60 0.42 0.42 25 6 5 0.48 0.49 5.8E4 0.06 0.04 0.04
CompactorPlate,etc.
6"WaterPump Diesel 2270006010 60 6 43% 2.18 4.52 5.0E3 0.42 0.37 0.37 25 6 5 0.28 0.58 6.4E4 0.05 0.05 0.05
HDDRig Diesel 2270002033 800 2 43% 1.29 5.13 4.4E3 0.35 0.21 0.21 13 6 12 0.91 3.64 3.1E3 0.25 0.15 0.15
3"WaterPump Diesel 2270006010 40 6 43% 1.18 4.09 4.7E3 0.28 0.23 0.23 25 6 5 0.10 0.35 4.0E4 0.02 0.02 0.02
OnRoadVehicles
MaterialsDelivery
HeavyTrucks Diesel 2018366123 1 4 1 1,619 1,620 0.04 25 6 100 107 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 107 2.7E3
107 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 107 2.7E3
OffRoadEquipment
LowboyTruck Diesel 2270002051 400 9 59% 536 0.03 0.01 541 1.2E02 25 6 5 942 0.02 0.05 950 0.02
FlatbedTruck Diesel 2270002051 125 16 59% 536 0.03 0.01 541 1.2E02 25 6 5 523 0.01 0.03 528 0.01
Dozer Diesel 2270002069 250 12 59% 536 0.03 0.01 541 1.2E02 25 6 5 785 0.02 0.04 792 0.02
Backhoe/Excavator Diesel 2270002066 300 12 21% 625 0.04 0.02 631 1.2E02 25 6 5 391 9.8E3 0.02 394 7.7E3
Backhoe Diesel 2270002066 80 6 21% 694 0.04 0.02 700 1.2E02 25 6 5 58 1.5E3 3.3E3 58 1.0E3
SideBooms Diesel 2270002069 260 8 59% 536 0.03 0.01 541 1.2E02 25 6 5 544 0.01 0.03 549 0.01
Crane Diesel 2270002045 250 3 43% 531 0.03 0.01 535 1.2E02 25 6 5 141 3.5E3 8.0E3 143 3.3E3
Crane Diesel 2270002045 680 3 43% 531 0.03 0.01 535 5.0E3 25 6 5 385 9.6E3 0.02 388 3.6E3
Loaders/Graders Diesel 2270002048 250 2 59% 536 0.03 0.01 541 1.2E02 25 6 5 131 3.3E3 7.4E3 132 3.0E3
FarmTractors Diesel 2270002066 175 1 21% 625 0.04 0.02 631 1.2E02 25 6 5 19 4.8E4 1.1E3 19 3.7E4
Forklift/Manlift Diesel 2270002057 60 3 59% 595 0.03 0.01 601 1.2E02 25 6 5 52 1.3E3 3.0E3 53 1.1E3
BendingMachine Diesel 2270002081 85 1 59% 595 0.03 0.01 601 1.2E02 25 6 5 25 6.2E4 1.4E3 25 5.1E4
RoadBoringMachine Diesel 2270002033 90 1 43% 589 0.03 0.01 594 1.2E02 25 6 5 19 4.7E4 1.1E3 19 3.9E4
Fill/TestPumps Diesel 2270006010 40 2 43% 589 0.03 0.01 595 1.2E02 25 6 5 17 4.2E4 9.5E4 17 3.5E4
185acfmCompressor Diesel 2270006015 60 2 43% 590 0.03 0.01 595 1.2E02 25 6 5 25 6.3E4 1.4E3 25 5.3E4
375acfmCompressor Diesel 2270006015 100 2 43% 530 0.03 0.01 535 1.2E02 25 6 5 38 9.5E4 2.1E3 38 8.8E4
1200acfmCompressor Diesel 2270006015 350 2 43% 530 0.03 0.01 535 1.2E02 25 6 5 132 3.3E3 7.4E3 133 3.1E3
WeldingMachine Diesel 2270006025 40 16 21% 694 0.04 0.02 700 1.2E02 25 6 5 77 1.9E3 4.4E3 78 1.4E3
Generator Diesel 2270006005 50 14 43% 589 0.03 0.01 594 1.2E02 25 6 5 147 3.7E3 8.3E3 148 3.1E3
MiscSaws,TrowelMachine, Diesel 2270002008 50 6 43% 588 0.03 0.01 594 1.2E02 25 6 5 63 1.6E3 3.5E3 63 1.3E3
CompactorPlate,etc.
6"WaterPump Diesel 2270006010 60 6 43% 589 0.03 0.01 594 1.2E02 25 6 5 75 1.9E3 4.3E3 76 1.6E3
HDDRig Diesel 2270002033 800 2 43% 530 0.03 0.01 535 5.0E3 13 6 12 376 9.4E3 0.02 379 3.5E3
3"WaterPump Diesel 2270006010 40 6 43% 589 0.03 0.01 595 1.2E02 25 6 5 50 1.3E3 2.8E3 51 1.1E3
OnRoadVehicles
MaterialsDelivery
HeavyTrucks Diesel 2017366123 1 1 1.36 6.12 0.01 0.23 0.20 0.18 11 6 100 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
Clearing 1 1
DumpTrucks Diesel 2017366123 1 2 1 1.36 6.12 0.01 0.23 0.20 0.18 11 6 50 9.9E3 0.04 1.0E4 1.7E3 1.4E3 1.3E3
PickupTrucks Gasoline 2017363213 1 2 1 7.22 0.91 3.1E3 0.11 0.01 9.3E3 11 6 50 0.05 6.7E3 2.3E5 7.8E4 7.6E5 6.8E5
Demolition 1
PickupTrucks Gasoline 2017363213 1 1 7.22 0.91 3.1E3 0.11 0.01 9.3E3 11 6 50 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
WeldTrucks Gasoline 2017363213 1 1 7.22 0.91 3.1E3 0.11 0.01 9.3E3 11 6 50 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
DumpTrucks Diesel 2017366123 1 1 1.36 6.12 0.01 0.23 0.20 0.18 11 6 50 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
Total 0.06 0.05 1.3E4 2.5E3 1.5E3 1.4E3
OffRoadEquipment
Clearing
RTBackhoe Diesel 2270002036 85 1 59% 1.39 1.42 4.3E3 0.16 0.17 0.17 11 6 5 0.03 0.03 7.9E5 2.9E3 3.1E3 3.1E3
Bobcat Diesel 2270002072 70 1 21% 5.24 5.15 5.9E3 1.00 0.79 0.79 11 6 5 0.03 0.03 3.2E5 5.4E3 4.2E3 4.2E3
FrontEndLoader Diesel 2270002069 240 1 59% 0.42 1.28 3.9E3 0.15 0.08 0.08 11 6 5 0.02 0.07 2.0E4 7.9E3 4.0E3 4.0E3
Roller,150HP Diesel 2270002015 150 1 59% 0.74 1.74 4.2E3 0.18 0.18 0.18 11 6 5 0.02 0.06 1.3E4 5.7E3 5.7E3 5.7E3
WaterPump Diesel 2270006010 100 1 43% 1.16 3.86 4.5E3 0.33 0.24 0.24 11 6 5 0.02 0.06 7.0E5 5.2E3 3.8E3 3.8E3
Demolition
D6Dozer Diesel 2270002069 140 1 59% 0.61 1.41 4.0E3 0.16 0.15 0.15 0 6 5 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
FrontEndLoader Diesel 2270002066 240 1 21% 1.77 3.45 5.1E3 0.50 0.34 0.34 0 6 5 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
200TCrane Diesel 2270002045 360 1 43% 0.67 2.58 4.3E3 0.18 0.11 0.11 0 6 5 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
WeldRigs Diesel 2270006025 20 1 21% 5.15 5.33 6.4E3 1.12 0.71 0.71 0 6 5 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
Forklift Diesel 2270002057 25 1 59% 0.73 3.54 4.4E3 0.18 0.11 0.11 0 6 5 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
Grading
D6Dozer Diesel 2270002069 140 1 59% 0.61 1.41 4.0E3 0.16 0.15 0.15 11 6 5 0.02 0.04 1.2E4 4.9E3 4.4E3 4.4E3
D7Dozer Diesel 2270002069 240 1 59% 0.42 1.28 3.9E3 0.15 0.08 0.08 11 6 5 0.02 0.07 2.0E4 7.9E3 4.0E3 4.0E3
D8Dozer Diesel 2270002069 305 1 59% 0.78 1.93 4.2E3 0.16 0.12 0.12 11 6 5 0.05 0.13 2.7E4 0.01 7.9E3 7.9E3
Cat330 Diesel 2270002066 268 1 21% 1.77 3.45 5.1E3 0.50 0.34 0.34 11 6 5 0.04 0.07 1.0E4 0.01 6.9E3 6.9E3
OnRoadVehicles
MaterialsDelivery
HeavyTrucks Diesel 2017366123 1 1 1,635 1,636 0.05 11 6 100 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
Clearing 1 1
DumpTrucks Diesel 2017366123 1 2 1 1,635 1,636 0.18 11 6 50 12 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 12 1.3E3
PickupTrucks Gasoline 2017363213 1 2 1 471 473 0.03 11 6 50 3 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 3 2.1E4
Demolition 1 0
PickupTrucks Gasoline 2017363213 1 1 471 473 0.03 11 6 50 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
WeldTrucks Gasoline 2017363213 1 1 471 473 0.03 11 6 50 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
DumpTrucks Diesel 2017366123 1 1 1,635 1,636 0.05 11 6 50 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
Total 0 15 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 15 1.5E3
OffRoadEquipment
Clearing
RTBackhoe Diesel 2270002036 85 1 59% 596 0.03 0.01 601 1.2E02 11 6 5 11 2.7E4 6.1E4 11 2.2E4
Bobcat Diesel 2270002072 70 1 21% 693 0.04 0.02 699 1.2E02 11 6 5 4 9.3E5 2.1E4 4 6.6E5
FrontEndLoader Diesel 2270002069 240 1 59% 536 0.03 0.01 541 1.2E02 11 6 5 28 6.9E4 1.6E3 28 6.3E4
Roller,150HP Diesel 2270002015 150 1 59% 536 0.03 0.01 541 1.2E02 11 6 5 17 4.3E4 9.7E4 17 4.0E4
WaterPump Diesel 2270006010 100 1 43% 530 0.03 0.01 535 1.2E02 11 6 5 8 2.1E4 4.7E4 8 1.9E4
Demolition
D6Dozer Diesel 2270002069 140 1 59% 536 0.03 0.01 541 1.2E02 0 6 5 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
FrontEndLoader Diesel 2270002066 240 1 21% 625 0.04 0.02 631 1.2E02 0 6 5 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
200TCrane Diesel 2270002045 360 1 43% 530 0.03 0.01 535 1.2E02 0 6 5 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
WeldRigs Diesel 2270006025 20 1 21% 692 0.04 0.02 699 1.2E02 0 6 5 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
Forklift Diesel 2270002057 25 1 59% 596 0.03 0.01 601 1.2E02 0 6 5 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
Grading
D6Dozer Diesel 2270002069 140 1 59% 536 0.03 0.01 541 1.2E02 11 6 5 16 4.0E4 9.1E4 16 3.7E4
D7Dozer Diesel 2270002069 240 1 59% 536 0.03 0.01 541 1.2E02 11 6 5 28 6.9E4 1.6E3 28 6.3E4
D8Dozer Diesel 2270002069 305 1 59% 536 0.03 0.01 541 1.2E02 11 6 5 35 8.8E4 2.0E3 35 8.1E4
Cat330 Diesel 2270002066 268 1 21% 625 0.04 0.02 631 1.2E02 11 6 5 13 3.2E4 7.2E4 13 2.5E4
OnRoadVehicles
MaterialsDelivery
HeavyTrucks Diesel 2018366123 1 4 1 1.17 5.23 0.01 0.20 0.16 0.15 25 6 100 0.08 0.35 9.4E4 0.01 0.01 9.6E3
Clearing 1 1
DumpTrucks Diesel 2018366123 1 1 1.17 5.23 0.01 0.20 0.16 0.15 25 6 50 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
PickupTrucks Gasoline 2018363213 1 1 6.88 0.81 3.1E3 0.09 9.9E3 8.8E3 25 6 50 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
Demolition 1 1
PickupTrucks Gasoline 2018363213 1 1 6.88 0.81 3.1E3 0.09 9.9E3 8.8E3 25 6 50 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
WeldTrucks Gasoline 2018363213 1 1 6.88 0.81 3.1E3 0.09 9.9E3 8.8E3 25 6 50 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
DumpTrucks Diesel 2018366123 1 1 1.17 5.23 0.01 0.20 0.16 0.15 25 6 50 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
Total 0.08 0.35 9.4E4 0.01 0.01 9.6E3
OffRoadEquipment
Clearing
RTBackhoe Diesel 2270002036 85 1 59% 1.04 1.10 4.2E3 0.15 0.12 0.12 0 6 5 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
Bobcat Diesel 2270002072 70 1 21% 4.90 4.98 5.9E3 0.93 0.73 0.73 0 6 5 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
FrontEndLoader Diesel 2270002069 240 1 59% 0.32 1.04 3.8E3 0.15 0.06 0.06 0 6 5 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
Roller,150HP Diesel 2270002015 150 1 59% 0.64 1.48 4.0E3 0.17 0.15 0.15 0 6 5 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
WaterPump Diesel 2270006010 100 1 43% 1.06 3.59 4.4E3 0.31 0.23 0.23 0 6 5 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
Demolition 0 6 5
D6Dozer Diesel 2270002069 140 1 59% 0.49 1.16 3.9E3 0.15 0.11 0.11 0 6 5 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
FrontEndLoader Diesel 2270002066 240 1 21% 1.61 3.15 5.0E3 0.46 0.31 0.31 0 6 5 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
200TCrane Diesel 2270002045 360 1 43% 0.60 2.31 4.2E3 0.17 0.10 0.10 0 6 5 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
WeldRigs Diesel 2270006025 20 1 21% 4.73 5.17 6.4E3 1.01 0.65 0.65 0 6 5 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
Forklift Diesel 2270002057 25 1 59% 0.55 3.35 4.2E3 0.16 0.08 0.08 0 6 5 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
Grading 0 6 5
D6Dozer Diesel 2270002069 140 1 59% 0.49 1.16 3.9E3 0.15 0.11 0.11 0 6 5 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
D7Dozer Diesel 2270002069 240 1 59% 0.32 1.04 3.8E3 0.15 0.06 0.06 0 6 5 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
D8Dozer Diesel 2270002069 305 1 59% 0.68 1.67 4.1E3 0.15 0.11 0.11 0 6 5 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
Cat330 Diesel 2270002066 268 1 21% 1.61 3.15 5.0E3 0.46 0.31 0.31 0 6 5 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
OnRoadVehicles
MaterialsDelivery
HeavyTrucks Diesel 2018366123 1 4 1 1,619 1,620 0.04 25 6 100 107 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 107 2.7E3
Clearing
DumpTrucks Diesel 2018366123 1 1 1,619 1,620 0.04 25 6 50 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
PickupTrucks Gasoline 2018363213 1 1 467 469 0.03 25 6 50 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
Demolition
PickupTrucks Gasoline 2018363213 1 1 467 469 0.03 25 6 50 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
WeldTrucks Gasoline 2018363213 1 1 467 469 0.03 25 6 50 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
DumpTrucks Diesel 2018366123 1 1 1,619 1,620 0.04 25 6 50 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
Total 0 107 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 107 2.7E3
OffRoadEquipment
Clearing
RTBackhoe Diesel 2270002036 85 1 59% 596 0.03 0.01 601 1.2E02 0 6 5 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
Bobcat Diesel 2270002072 70 1 21% 693 0.04 0.02 699 1.2E02 0 6 5 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
FrontEndLoader Diesel 2270002069 240 1 59% 536 0.03 0.01 541 1.2E02 0 6 5 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
Roller,150HP Diesel 2270002015 150 1 59% 536 0.03 0.01 541 1.2E02 0 6 5 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
WaterPump Diesel 2270006010 100 1 43% 530 0.03 0.01 535 1.2E02 0 6 5 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
Demolition
D6Dozer Diesel 2270002069 140 1 59% 536 0.03 0.01 541 1.2E02 0 6 5 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
FrontEndLoader Diesel 2270002066 240 1 21% 625 0.04 0.02 631 1.2E02 0 6 5 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
200TCrane Diesel 2270002045 360 1 43% 530 0.03 0.01 535 1.2E02 0 6 5 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
WeldRigs Diesel 2270006025 20 1 21% 693 0.04 0.02 699 1.2E02 0 6 5 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
Forklift Diesel 2270002057 25 1 59% 596 0.03 0.01 601 1.2E02 0 6 5 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
Grading
D6Dozer Diesel 2270002069 140 1 59% 536 0.03 0.01 541 1.2E02 0 6 5 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
D7Dozer Diesel 2270002069 240 1 59% 536 0.03 0.01 541 1.2E02 0 6 5 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
D8Dozer Diesel 2270002069 305 1 59% 536 0.03 0.01 541 1.2E02 0 6 5 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
Cat330 Diesel 2270002066 268 1 21% 625 0.04 0.02 631 1.2E02 0 6 5 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
OnRoadVehicles
MaterialsDelivery
HeavyTrucks Diesel 2017366123 1 1 1.36 6.12 0.01 0.23 0.20 0.18 4 6 100 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
Clearing 1 1
DumpTrucks Diesel 2017366123 1 2 1 1.36 6.12 0.01 0.23 0.20 0.18 4 6 50 3.6E3 0.02 3.8E5 6.1E4 5.2E4 4.8E4
PickupTrucks Gasoline 2017363213 1 2 1 7.22 0.91 3.1E3 0.11 0.01 9.3E3 4 6 50 0.02 2.4E3 8.3E6 2.8E4 2.8E5 2.5E5
Demolition 1
PickupTrucks Gasoline 2017363213 1 1 7.22 0.91 3.1E3 0.11 0.01 9.3E3 4 6 50 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
WeldTrucks Gasoline 2017363213 1 1 7.22 0.91 3.1E3 0.11 0.01 9.3E3 4 6 50 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
DumpTrucks Diesel 2017366123 1 1 1.36 6.12 0.01 0.23 0.20 0.18 4 6 50 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
Total 0.02 0.02 4.6E5 9.0E4 5.5E4 5.0E4
OffRoadEquipment
Clearing
RTBackhoe Diesel 2270002036 85 1 59% 1.39 1.42 4.3E3 0.16 0.17 0.17 4 6 5 9.2E3 9.4E3 2.9E5 1.1E3 1.1E3 1.1E3
Bobcat Diesel 2270002072 70 1 21% 5.24 5.15 5.9E3 1.00 0.79 0.79 4 6 5 0.01 0.01 1.2E5 1.9E3 1.5E3 1.5E3
FrontEndLoader Diesel 2270002069 240 1 59% 0.42 1.28 3.9E3 0.15 0.08 0.08 4 6 5 7.9E3 0.02 7.3E5 2.9E3 1.5E3 1.5E3
Roller,150HP Diesel 2270002015 150 1 59% 0.74 1.74 4.2E3 0.18 0.18 0.18 4 6 5 8.6E3 0.02 4.9E5 2.1E3 2.1E3 2.1E3
WaterPump Diesel 2270006010 100 1 43% 1.16 3.86 4.5E3 0.33 0.24 0.24 4 6 5 6.6E3 0.02 2.5E5 1.9E3 1.4E3 1.4E3
Demolition
D6Dozer Diesel 2270002069 140 1 59% 0.61 1.41 4.0E3 0.16 0.15 0.15 4 6 5 6.7E3 0.02 4.4E5 1.8E3 1.6E3 1.6E3
FrontEndLoader Diesel 2270002066 240 1 21% 1.77 3.45 5.1E3 0.50 0.34 0.34 4 6 5 0.01 0.02 3.4E5 3.3E3 2.2E3 2.2E3
200TCrane Diesel 2270002045 360 1 43% 0.67 2.58 4.3E3 0.18 0.11 0.11 4 6 5 0.01 0.05 8.7E5 3.6E3 2.2E3 2.2E3
WeldRigs Diesel 2270006025 20 1 21% 5.15 5.33 6.4E3 1.12 0.71 0.71 4 6 5 2.9E3 3.0E3 3.5E6 6.2E4 4.0E4 4.0E4
Forklift Diesel 2270002057 25 1 59% 0.73 3.54 4.4E3 0.18 0.11 0.11 4 6 5 1.4E3 6.9E3 8.6E6 3.5E4 2.1E4 2.1E4
Grading
D6Dozer Diesel 2270002069 140 1 59% 0.61 1.41 4.0E3 0.16 0.15 0.15 4 6 5 6.7E3 0.02 4.4E5 1.8E3 1.6E3 1.6E3
D7Dozer Diesel 2270002069 240 1 59% 0.42 1.28 3.9E3 0.15 0.08 0.08 4 6 5 7.9E3 0.02 7.3E5 2.9E3 1.5E3 1.5E3
D8Dozer Diesel 2270002069 305 1 59% 0.78 1.93 4.2E3 0.16 0.12 0.12 4 6 5 0.02 0.05 9.9E5 3.7E3 2.9E3 2.9E3
Cat330 Diesel 2270002066 268 1 21% 1.77 3.45 5.1E3 0.50 0.34 0.34 4 6 5 0.01 0.03 3.8E5 3.7E3 2.5E3 2.5E3
OnRoadVehicles
MaterialsDelivery
HeavyTrucks Diesel 2017366123 1 1 1,635 1,636 0.05 4 6 100 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
Clearing 1 1
DumpTrucks Diesel 2017366123 1 2 1 1,635 1,636 0.18 4 6 50 4 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 4 4.8E4
PickupTrucks Gasoline 2017363213 1 2 1 471 473 0.03 4 6 50 1 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 1 7.8E5
Demolition 1 0
PickupTrucks Gasoline 2017363213 1 1 471 473 0.03 4 6 50 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
WeldTrucks Gasoline 2017363213 1 1 471 473 0.03 4 6 50 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
DumpTrucks Diesel 2017366123 1 1 1,635 1,636 0.05 4 6 50 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
Total 0 6 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 6 5.6E4
OffRoadEquipment
Clearing
RTBackhoe Diesel 2270002036 85 1 59% 596 0.03 0.01 601 1.2E02 4 6 5 4 9.9E5 2.2E4 4 8.2E5
Bobcat Diesel 2270002072 70 1 21% 693 0.04 0.02 699 1.2E02 4 6 5 1 3.4E5 7.6E5 1 2.4E5
FrontEndLoader Diesel 2270002069 240 1 59% 536 0.03 0.01 541 1.2E02 4 6 5 10 2.5E4 5.7E4 10 2.3E4
Roller,150HP Diesel 2270002015 150 1 59% 536 0.03 0.01 541 1.2E02 4 6 5 6 1.6E4 3.5E4 6 1.4E4
WaterPump Diesel 2270006010 100 1 43% 530 0.03 0.01 535 1.2E02 4 6 5 3 7.6E5 1.7E4 3 7.0E5
Demolition
D6Dozer Diesel 2270002069 140 1 59% 536 0.03 0.01 541 1.2E02 4 6 5 6 1.5E4 3.3E4 6 1.3E4
FrontEndLoader Diesel 2270002066 240 1 21% 625 0.04 0.02 631 1.2E02 4 6 5 4 1.0E4 2.4E4 4 8.2E5
200TCrane Diesel 2270002045 360 1 43% 530 0.03 0.01 535 1.2E02 4 6 5 11 2.7E4 6.1E4 11 2.5E4
WeldRigs Diesel 2270006025 20 1 21% 692 0.04 0.02 699 1.2E02 4 6 5 0 9.6E6 2.2E5 0 6.8E6
Forklift Diesel 2270002057 25 1 59% 596 0.03 0.01 601 1.2E02 4 6 5 1 2.9E5 6.6E5 1 2.4E5
Grading
D6Dozer Diesel 2270002069 140 1 59% 536 0.03 0.01 541 1.2E02 4 6 5 6 1.5E4 3.3E4 6 1.3E4
D7Dozer Diesel 2270002069 240 1 59% 536 0.03 0.01 541 1.2E02 4 6 5 10 2.5E4 5.7E4 10 2.3E4
D8Dozer Diesel 2270002069 305 1 59% 536 0.03 0.01 541 1.2E02 4 6 5 13 3.2E4 7.2E4 13 2.9E4
Cat330 Diesel 2270002066 268 1 21% 625 0.04 0.02 631 1.2E02 4 6 5 5 1.2E4 2.6E4 5 9.2E5
OnRoadVehicles
MaterialsDelivery
HeavyTrucks Diesel 2018366123 1 4 1 1.17 5.23 0.01 0.20 0.16 0.15 17 6 100 0.05 0.24 6.4E4 8.9E3 7.1E3 6.5E3
Clearing 1 1
DumpTrucks Diesel 2018366123 1 1 1.17 5.23 0.01 0.20 0.16 0.15 17 6 50 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
PickupTrucks Gasoline 2018363213 1 1 6.88 0.81 3.1E3 0.09 9.9E3 8.8E3 17 6 50 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
Demolition 1 1
PickupTrucks Gasoline 2018363213 1 4 1 6.88 0.81 3.1E3 0.09 9.9E3 8.8E3 17 6 50 0.15 0.02 7.0E5 2.0E3 2.2E4 2.0E4
WeldTrucks Gasoline 2018363213 1 2 1 6.88 0.81 3.1E3 0.09 9.9E3 8.8E3 17 6 50 0.08 9.1E3 3.5E5 1.0E3 1.1E4 9.9E5
DumpTrucks Diesel 2018366123 1 2 1 1.17 5.23 0.01 0.20 0.16 0.15 17 6 50 0.01 0.06 1.6E4 2.2E3 1.8E3 1.6E3
Total 0.30 0.32 9.0E4 0.01 9.2E3 8.5E3
OffRoadEquipment
Clearing
RTBackhoe Diesel 2270002036 85 1 59% 1.04 1.10 4.2E3 0.15 0.12 0.12 0 6 5 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
Bobcat Diesel 2270002072 70 1 21% 4.90 4.98 5.9E3 0.93 0.73 0.73 0 6 5 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
FrontEndLoader Diesel 2270002069 240 1 59% 0.32 1.04 3.8E3 0.15 0.06 0.06 0 6 5 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
Roller,150HP Diesel 2270002015 150 1 59% 0.64 1.48 4.0E3 0.17 0.15 0.15 0 6 5 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
WaterPump Diesel 2270006010 100 1 43% 1.06 3.59 4.4E3 0.31 0.23 0.23 0 6 5 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
Demolition 0 6 5
D6Dozer Diesel 2270002069 140 1 59% 0.49 1.16 3.9E3 0.15 0.11 0.11 0 6 5 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
FrontEndLoader Diesel 2270002066 240 1 21% 1.61 3.15 5.0E3 0.46 0.31 0.31 0 6 5 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
200TCrane Diesel 2270002045 360 1 43% 0.60 2.31 4.2E3 0.17 0.10 0.10 0 6 5 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
WeldRigs Diesel 2270006025 20 1 21% 4.73 5.17 6.4E3 1.01 0.65 0.65 0 6 5 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
Forklift Diesel 2270002057 25 1 59% 0.55 3.35 4.2E3 0.16 0.08 0.08 0 6 5 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
Grading 0 6 5
D6Dozer Diesel 2270002069 140 1 59% 0.49 1.16 3.9E3 0.15 0.11 0.11 0 6 5 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
D7Dozer Diesel 2270002069 240 1 59% 0.32 1.04 3.8E3 0.15 0.06 0.06 0 6 5 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
D8Dozer Diesel 2270002069 305 1 59% 0.68 1.67 4.1E3 0.15 0.11 0.11 0 6 5 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
Cat330 Diesel 2270002066 268 1 21% 1.61 3.15 5.0E3 0.46 0.31 0.31 0 6 5 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
OnRoadVehicles
MaterialsDelivery
HeavyTrucks Diesel 2018366123 1 4 1 1,619 1,620 0.04 17 6 100 73 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 73 1.8E3
Clearing
DumpTrucks Diesel 2018366123 1 1 1,619 1,620 0.04 17 6 50 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
PickupTrucks Gasoline 2018363213 1 1 467 469 0.03 17 6 50 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
Demolition
PickupTrucks Gasoline 2018363213 1 4 1 467 469 0.03 17 6 50 10 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 11 5.6E4
WeldTrucks Gasoline 2018363213 1 2 1 467 469 0.03 17 6 50 5 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 5 2.8E4
DumpTrucks Diesel 2018366123 1 2 1 1,619 1,620 0.04 17 6 50 18 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 18 4.6E4
Total 0 107 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 107 3.1E3
OffRoadEquipment
Clearing
RTBackhoe Diesel 2270002036 85 1 59% 596 0.03 0.01 601 1.2E02 0 6 5 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
Bobcat Diesel 2270002072 70 1 21% 693 0.04 0.02 699 1.2E02 0 6 5 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
FrontEndLoader Diesel 2270002069 240 1 59% 536 0.03 0.01 541 1.2E02 0 6 5 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
Roller,150HP Diesel 2270002015 150 1 59% 536 0.03 0.01 541 1.2E02 0 6 5 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
WaterPump Diesel 2270006010 100 1 43% 530 0.03 0.01 535 1.2E02 0 6 5 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
Demolition
D6Dozer Diesel 2270002069 140 1 59% 536 0.03 0.01 541 1.2E02 0 6 5 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
FrontEndLoader Diesel 2270002066 240 1 21% 625 0.04 0.02 631 1.2E02 0 6 5 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
200TCrane Diesel 2270002045 360 1 43% 530 0.03 0.01 535 1.2E02 0 6 5 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
WeldRigs Diesel 2270006025 20 1 21% 693 0.04 0.02 699 1.2E02 0 6 5 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
Forklift Diesel 2270002057 25 1 59% 596 0.03 0.01 601 1.2E02 0 6 5 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
Grading
D6Dozer Diesel 2270002069 140 1 59% 536 0.03 0.01 541 1.2E02 0 6 5 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
D7Dozer Diesel 2270002069 240 1 59% 536 0.03 0.01 541 1.2E02 0 6 5 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
D8Dozer Diesel 2270002069 305 1 59% 536 0.03 0.01 541 1.2E02 0 6 5 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
Cat330 Diesel 2270002066 268 1 21% 625 0.04 0.02 631 1.2E02 0 6 5 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 0.0E+0
OnRoadVehicles
MaterialsDelivery
HeavyTrucks Diesel 2018366123 1 1 1 1.17 5.23 0.01 0.20 0.16 0.15 13 1 100 1.7E3 7.5E3 2.0E5 2.8E4 2.3E4 2.1E4
Total 1.7E3 7.5E3 2.0E5 2.8E4 2.3E4 2.1E4
OffRoadEquipment
Electrical
RTBackhoe Diesel 2270002036 85 1 59% 1.04 1.10 4.2E3 0.15 0.12 0.12 13 6 5 0.02 0.02 9.0E5 3.2E3 2.5E3 2.5E3
Manlift CNG 2268003010 70 1 48% 19.15 3.35 0.01 10.81 0.06 0.06 13 6 5 0.28 0.05 1.5E4 0.16 8.2E4 8.2E4
Buildings/SetEquipment
Manlift Diesel 2268003010 70 1 48% 19.15 3.35 0.01 10.81 0.06 0.06 13 6 5 0.28 0.05 1.5E4 0.16 8.2E4 8.2E4
Forklift Diesel 2270002057 25 1 59% 0.55 3.35 4.2E3 0.16 0.08 0.08 13 6 5 3.5E3 0.02 2.7E5 1.0E3 4.9E4 4.9E4
WeldingFabrication
Weldrigs Diesel 2270006025 80 1 21% 5.25 4.13 5.8E3 0.90 0.75 0.75 13 6 5 0.04 0.03 4.2E5 6.5E3 5.4E3 5.4E3
Forklift Diesel 2270002057 25 1 59% 0.55 3.35 4.2E3 0.16 0.08 0.08 13 6 5 3.5E3 0.02 2.7E5 1.0E3 4.9E4 4.9E4
Total 0.62 0.19 4.9E4 0.32 0.01 0.01
1. UsersGuidefortheFinalNONROAD2005Model ,EPA420R05013,USEPA,December2005
2. MOVES2014aUserGuide,EPA420B15095,USEPA,November2015
3. EPANONROAD2008run
4. EPAMOVES2014run
OnRoadVehicles
MaterialsDelivery
HeavyTrucks Diesel 2018366123 1 1 1 1,619 1,620 0.04 13 1 100 2 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 2 5.8E5
Total 0 2 0.0E+0 0.0E+0 2 5.8E5
OffRoadEquipment
Electrical
RTBackhoe Diesel 2270002036 85 1 59% 596 0.03 0.01 601 1.2E02 13 6 5 13 3.2E4 7.2E4 13 2.7E4
Manlift CNG 2268003010 70 1 48% 478 9.0E3 9.0E4 478 2.3E01 13 6 5 7 1.3E5 1.3E4 7 3.3E3
Buildings/SetEquipment
Manlift Diesel 2268003010 70 1 48% 478 0.03 0.01 482 1.2E02 13 6 5 7 1.7E4 3.9E4 7 1.8E4
Forklift Diesel 2270002057 25 1 59% 596 0.03 0.01 601 1.2E02 13 6 5 4 9.5E5 2.1E4 4 7.8E5
WeldingFabrication
Weldrigs Diesel 2270006025 80 1 21% 693 0.04 0.02 699 1.2E02 13 6 5 5 1.3E4 2.8E4 5 8.9E5
Forklift Diesel 2270002057 25 1 59% 596 0.03 0.01 601 1.2E02 13 6 5 4 9.5E5 2.1E4 4 7.8E5
Total 39 39 4.0E3
1. UsersGuidefortheFinalNONROAD2005Model ,EPA420R05013,USEPA,December2005
2. MOVES2014aUserGuide,EPA420B15095,USEPA,November2015
3. EPANONROAD2008run
4. EPAMOVES2014run
5. ComputedfromtheCOemissionsfromNONROADmultipliedbyratiosoftheCHandNOtoCOfromTables13.1and13.7(fordieselandgasoline)
Tables12.1and12.9.1(forCNG)in2015ClimateRegistryDefaultEmissionFactors
6. AP42Table3.32(Diesel,<600hp);AP42Tables3.43&3.44(Diesel,600hp);AP42Table3.22(CNG);computedfromtheHCemissionsfromNONROADmultipliedbyratiosofthe
HAPtoVOCratioforgasolinepassengercarfromMOVES2014(gasoline).
7. TheglobalwarmingpotentialsofCO ,CH,andNOareassumedtobe1,25,and298,respectively.
AcresAffected
ConstructionArea 89.3
Accessroads 5.3
Pipe/contractoryards/ 69.6
temporaryworkspace
DustControlEfficiency1 50%
Activity EmissionFactor Reference Duration Uncontrolled Controlled
(ton/acremonth) (months) Emissions Emissions
(tons) (tons)
PM10 PM2.5 PM10 PM2.5 PM10 PM2.5
1. Waterandotherapproveddustsuppressantswouldbeusedatconstructionsites.
2. WRAPFugitiveDustHandbook,CountessEnvironmental,September2006,Table32,level1,averageconditions
3. PM2.5/PM10=0.10(WRAPFugitiveDustHandbook,Section3.4.1)
4. Winderosionofexposedareas(seededland,strippedorgradedoverburden)=0.38tonTSP/acre/yr(WRAPFugitiveDust
Handbook,Table116)
5. PM10/TSP=0.5,PM2.5/PM10=0.15,(WRAPFugitiveDustHandbook,Section72)
6. Emissionfactorconvertedfromton/acreyeartoton/acremonthbydividingby12
7. Itisassumedthatatanyareaconstructionwillentail3monthsofcontinuousactivity.
8. Itisassumedthat,onaverage,itwillrequire6monthstofullyrevegetatedisturbedareas.
AcresAffected
ConstructionArea 89.3
Accessroads 5.3
Pipe/contractoryards/ 69.6
temporaryworkspace
DustControlEfficiency1 50%
Activity EmissionFactor Reference Duration Uncontrolled Controlled
(ton/acremonth) (months) Emissions Emissions
(tons) (tons)
PM10 PM2.5 PM10 PM2.5 PM10 PM2.5
1. Waterandotherapproveddustsuppressantswouldbeusedatconstructionsites.
2. WRAPFugitiveDustHandbook,CountessEnvironmental,September2006,Table32,level1,averageconditions
3. PM2.5/PM10=0.10(WRAPFugitiveDustHandbook,Section3.4.1)
4. Winderosionofexposedareas(seededland,strippedorgradedoverburden)=0.38tonTSP/acre/yr(WRAPFugitiveDust
Handbook,Table116)
5. PM10/TSP=0.5,PM2.5/PM10=0.15,(WRAPFugitiveDustHandbook,Section72)
6. Emissionfactorconvertedfromton/acreyeartoton/acremonthbydividingby12
7. Itisassumedthatatanyareaconstructionwillentail3monthsofcontinuousactivity.
8. Itisassumedthat,onaverage,itwillrequire6monthstofullyrevegetatedisturbedareas.
2017FugitiveDust
AcresAffected
ConstructionArea 17.4
Accessroads 10.9
Pipe/contractoryards/ 0.0
temporaryworkspace
DustControlEfficiency1 50%
Activity EmissionFactor Reference Duration Uncontrolled Controlled
(ton/acremonth) (months) Emissions Emissions
(tons) (tons)
PM10 PM2.5 PM10 PM2.5 PM10 PM2.5
1. Waterandotherapproveddustsuppressantswouldbeusedatconstructionsites.
2. WRAPFugitiveDustHandbook,CountessEnvironmental,September2006,Table32,level1,averageconditions
3. PM2.5/PM10=0.10(WRAPFugitiveDustHandbook,Section3.4.1)
4. Winderosionofexposedareas(seededland,strippedorgradedoverburden)=0.38tonTSP/acre/yr(WRAPFugitiveDust
Handbook,Table116)
5. PM10/TSP=0.5,PM2.5/PM10=0.15,(WRAPFugitiveDustHandbook,Section72)
6. Emissionfactorconvertedfromton/acreyeartoton/acremonthbydividingby12
7. Itisassumedthatatanyareaconstructionwillentail3monthsofcontinuousactivity.
8. Itisassumedthat,onaverage,itwillrequire6monthstofullyrevegetatedisturbedareas.
2018FugitiveDust
AcresAffected
ConstructionArea 17.4
Accessroads 10.9
Pipe/contractoryards/ 0.0
temporaryworkspace
DustControlEfficiency1 50%
Activity EmissionFactor Reference Duration Uncontrolled Controlled
(ton/acremonth) (months) Emissions Emissions
(tons) (tons)
PM10 PM2.5 PM10 PM2.5 PM10 PM2.5
1. Waterandotherapproveddustsuppressantswouldbeusedatconstructionsites.
2. WRAPFugitiveDustHandbook,CountessEnvironmental,September2006,Table32,level1,averageconditions
3. PM2.5/PM10=0.10(WRAPFugitiveDustHandbook,Section3.4.1)
4. Winderosionofexposedareas(seededland,strippedorgradedoverburden)=0.38tonTSP/acre/yr(WRAPFugitiveDust
Handbook,Table116)
5. PM10/TSP=0.5,PM2.5/PM10=0.15,(WRAPFugitiveDustHandbook,Section72)
6. Emissionfactorconvertedfromton/acreyeartoton/acremonthbydividingby12
7. January1March15
8. Itisassumedthat,onaverage,itwillrequire6monthstofullyrevegetatedisturbedareas.
2017FugitiveDust
AcresAffected
ConstructionArea 12.3
Accessroads 0.3
Pipe/contractoryards/ 0.0
temporaryworkspace
DustControlEfficiency1 50%
Activity EmissionFactor Reference Duration Uncontrolled Controlled
(ton/acremonth) (months) Emissions Emissions
(tons) (tons)
PM10 PM2.5 PM10 PM2.5 PM10 PM2.5
1. Waterandotherapproveddustsuppressantswouldbeusedatconstructionsites.
2. WRAPFugitiveDustHandbook,CountessEnvironmental,September2006,Table32,level1,averageconditions
3. PM2.5/PM10=0.10(WRAPFugitiveDustHandbook,Section3.4.1)
4. Winderosionofexposedareas(seededland,strippedorgradedoverburden)=0.38tonTSP/acre/yr(WRAPFugitiveDust
Handbook,Table116)
5. PM10/TSP=0.5,PM2.5/PM10=0.15,(WRAPFugitiveDustHandbook,Section72)
6. Emissionfactorconvertedfromton/acreyeartoton/acremonthbydividingby12
7. Itisassumedthatatanyareaconstructionwillentail3monthsofcontinuousactivity.
8. Itisassumedthat,onaverage,itwillrequire6monthstofullyrevegetatedisturbedareas.
2018FugitiveDust
AcresAffected
ConstructionArea 12.3
Accessroads 0.3
Pipe/contractoryards/ 0.0
temporaryworkspace
DustControlEfficiency1 50%
Activity EmissionFactor Reference Duration Uncontrolled Controlled
(ton/acremonth) (months) Emissions Emissions
(tons) (tons)
PM10 PM2.5 PM10 PM2.5 PM10 PM2.5
1. Waterandotherapproveddustsuppressantswouldbeusedatconstructionsites.
2. WRAPFugitiveDustHandbook,CountessEnvironmental,September2006,Table32,level1,averageconditions
3. PM2.5/PM10=0.10(WRAPFugitiveDustHandbook,Section3.4.1)
4. Winderosionofexposedareas(seededland,strippedorgradedoverburden)=0.38tonTSP/acre/yr(WRAPFugitiveDust
Handbook,Table116)
5. PM10/TSP=0.5,PM2.5/PM10=0.15,(WRAPFugitiveDustHandbook,Section72)
6. Emissionfactorconvertedfromton/acreyeartoton/acremonthbydividingby12
7. January1March15
8. Itisassumedthat,onaverage,itwillrequire6monthstofullyrevegetatedisturbedareas.
2018FugitiveDust
AcresAffected
ConstructionArea 6.3
Accessroads 1.1
Pipe/contractoryards/ 0.0
temporaryworkspace
DustControlEfficiency1 50%
Activity EmissionFactor Reference Duration Uncontrolled Controlled
(ton/acremonth) (months) Emissions Emissions
(tons) (tons)
PM10 PM2.5 PM10 PM2.5 PM10 PM2.5
1. Waterandotherapproveddustsuppressantswouldbeusedatconstructionsites.
2. WRAPFugitiveDustHandbook,CountessEnvironmental,September2006,Table32,level1,averageconditions
3. PM2.5/PM10=0.10(WRAPFugitiveDustHandbook,Section3.4.1)
4. Winderosionofexposedareas(seededland,strippedorgradedoverburden)=0.38tonTSP/acre/yr(WRAPFugitiveDust
Handbook,Table116)
5. PM10/TSP=0.5,PM2.5/PM10=0.15,(WRAPFugitiveDustHandbook,Section72)
6. Emissionfactorconvertedfromton/acreyeartoton/acremonthbydividingby12
7. January1March15
8. Itisassumedthat,onaverage,itwillrequire6monthstofullyrevegetatedisturbedareas.
Resource Report 9 Air and Noise Quality 9C-i Eastern System Upgrade
July 15, 2016
On behalf of Millennium Pipeline Company, LLC (Millennium) TRC is submitting the enclosed
ASF Permit application. Millennium has contracted TRC to prepare this application for the
proposed Highland Compressor Station to be located in Sullivan County, NY along the existing
Millennium pipeline. The Project will be constructed on currently undeveloped property and will
consist of the following emission units:
One Solar Titan 130E-22402S, 22,400 HP (ISO) natural gas fired turbinedriven
compressor unit;
One Waukesha VGF48GL (1,230 hp) natural gas fired emergency generator;
One 4,000 gallon waste liquids tank;
One 1.2 MMBtu/hr heat input natural gas fired fuel gas heater; and
One 1,500 gallon oil storage tank.
The enclosed application document includes all the technical support information, NYSDEC air
permit application forms, backup engineering calculations, an air quality impact assessment and
associated air modeling files. A PDF of this complete submittal also will be sent via email.
Please direct any technical questions on this application and supporting documentation to me at
email tmain@trcsolutions.com or by telephone at 201-508-6960.
Sincerely,
TRC
Theodore Main
Permitting Project Manager
Prepared for:
Prepared by:
July 2016
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Page
1.0 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 1-1
1.1 Project Overview................................................................................................ 1-1
1.2 Application Summary........................................................................................ 1-1
2.0 Project Description................................................................................................ 2-1
2.1 Site Location and Surroundings........................................................................ 2-1
2.2 Facility Conceptual Design................................................................................ 2-1
2.2.1 Compressor Turbine ..................................................................................2-2
2.2.2 Ancillary Equipment ................................................................................. 2-4
2.3 Fuel ................................................................................................................... 2-4
2.4 Fugitive Emissions and Tanks.......................................................................... 2-4
2.5 Proposed Project Emission Potential................................................................2-5
3.0 Applicable Requirements and Required Analyses ............................................... 3-1
3.1 Federal New Source Performance Standards ................................................... 3-1
3.1.1 40 CFR Part 60, Subpart A General Provisions......................................... 3-1
3.1.2 40 CFR Part 60 Subpart Kb - Volatile Organic Liquid Storage Vessels
(Including Petroleum Liquid Storage Vessels) ........................................................ 3-1
3.1.3 40 CFR Part 60, Subpart JJJJ Spark Ignition Internal Combustion
Engines 3-2
3.1.4 40 CFR Part 60, Subpart KKKK Stationary Combustion Turbines.......3-2
3.1.5 40 CFR 60, Subparts OOOO and OOOOa Crude Oil and Natural Gas
Production, Transmission and Distribution ............................................................3-3
3.2 Nonattainment New Source Review .................................................................3-3
3.3 Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) .................................................3-4
3.4 Title V Operating Permit and State Operating Permit Programs.....................3-5
3.4.1 Exempt and Trivial Sources .......................................................................3-5
3.5 National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants............................3-6
3.5.1 40 CFR Part 63 Subpart HHH (National Emission Standards for Hazardous
Air Pollutants from Natural Gas Transmission and Storage Facilities) ..................3-6
3.5.2 40 CFR Part 63 Subpart YYYY (National Emission Standards for Hazardous
Air Pollutants for Stationary Combustion Turbines)...............................................3-7
3.5.3 40 CFR Part 63 Subpart ZZZZ (National Emission Standards for Hazardous
Air Pollutants for Stationary Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines) ..........3-7
3.5.4 40 CFR Part 63 Subpart DDDDD (National Emission Standards for
Hazardous Air Pollutants for Major Sources: Industrial, Commercial, and
Institutional Boilers and Process Heaters) ..............................................................3-7
3.6 New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Regulations.....3-7
4.0 Air Quality Modeling Analysis .............................................................................. 4-1
4.1 Background Ambient Air Quality...................................................................... 4-1
4.2 Modeling Methodology .....................................................................................4-3
4.2.1 Model Selection..........................................................................................4-3
4.2.2 Urban/Rural Area Analysis........................................................................4-3
ii
4.2.3 Good Engineering Practice Stack Height ................................................. 4-4
4.2.4 Meteorological Data ...................................................................................4-5
4.3 Receptor Grid ................................................................................................... 4-6
4.3.1 Basic Grid .................................................................................................. 4-6
4.3.2 Property Line Receptors ........................................................................... 4-6
4.4 Selection of Sources for Modeling.....................................................................4-7
4.4.1 Emission Rates and Exhaust Parameters ..................................................4-7
4.5 Maximum Modeled Facility Concentrations ..................................................4-10
4.6 Toxic Ambient Air Contaminant Analysis ......................................................4-10
4.7 Modeling Data Files......................................................................................... 4-11
4.8 References........................................................................................................ 4-11
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF APPENDICES
iii
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The Highland Compressor Station (Project) is a proposed minor stationary source (as
defined under the Prevention of Significant Deterioration of Air Quality [PSD] and Title
V rules) located in Sullivan County, New York. As demonstrated in Section 3 of this
application, the proposed project is not subject to major source air permitting
requirements.
The Project will be located in the town of Highland, Sullivan County, which is part of the
Southern Tier East Intrastate Air Quality Control Region in New York State. Sullivan
County is considered attainment or unclassifiable for all criteria pollutants including
ozone and fine particulate matter (PM2.5). However, because New York State is part of
the Northeast Ozone Transport region, the Project area is considered moderate non-
attainment for ozone.
The proposed project involves the installation of new emission units and will be
considered a minor source with respect to New Source Review (NSR) permitting
requirements at 6 NYCRR Part 231 and Title V major source permitting requirements at
Appendix A of this Air State Facility application contains the NYSDEC application forms
and a completed Professional Engineer Certification Form. Emission calculation
spreadsheets providing supporting calculations for the application forms are included as
Appendix B of this application.
The proposed Highland Compressor Station, as shown in Figures 2-1 and 2-2, is located
in a rural area in the town of Highland, Sullivan County, New York. The site is currently
undeveloped.
The approximate Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) coordinates of the facility are:
511,142 meters east and 4,603,785 meters north in Zone 18 (North American Datum of
1983(NAD83)).
As a part of the Eastern System Upgrade project, Millennium is proposing to install the
following equipment at the proposed Highland Compressor Station:
x One Solar Titan 130E-22402S, 22,400 HP (ISO) natural gas fired turbine-driven
compressor unit;
x One Waukesha VGF48GL (1,230 hp) natural gas fired emergency generator;
x One 4,000 gallon waste liquids tank;
x One 1.2 MMBtu/hr heat input natural gas fired fuel gas heater; and
x One 1,500 gallon oil storage tank.
In addition to the single significant emission source consisting of the Solar Titan 130E
combustion turbine, several exempt emission units will be located at the Highland
Compressor Station. These exempt sources include natural gas-fired heaters with heat
inputs less than 10 million British thermal units per hour (MMBtu/hr) and one natural
gas-fired Waukesha VGF48GL emergency generator with a heat input of 9.7 mmBtu/hr.
In addition, the proposed natural gas liquids filter/separators and associated waste
liquids storage tank (4,000 gallon) are typical for natural gas compressor stations, which
may receive small amounts of condensate from upstream natural gas supply and where
pipeline cleaning activities may result in residual condensate collection.
Lastly, emissions include trivial station blowdowns consisting of two types of gas
blowdown events that could occur at the Station: (1) a type of maintenance gas blowdown
that could occur when a compressor is stopped and gas between the suction/discharge
valves and compressors is vented to the atmosphere via a blowdown vent, and (2) an
emergency shutdown (ESD) that would only occur at required U.S. Department of
Transportation (DOT) test intervals or in an emergency situation.
The new Waukesha (1,230 hp) emergency generator has a four stroke, lean burn, natural
gas-fired stationary reciprocating internal combustion engine. The proposed emergency
generator will be installed to meet site wide emergency electrical demands as a result of
the Eastern System Upgrade project and will be operated only during normal testing,
maintenance, and emergency situations. Per 6 NYCRR 201-3.2(c)(6), emergency power
generating stationary internal combustion engines, as defined in section 200.1(vq) of this
Title are exempt sources. As such, this generator is an exempt source. Further, the engine
will meet the definition of emergency stationary internal combustion engine per 40 CFR
60.4248 and will comply with the requirements for operating emergency engines in 40
CFR 60.4243(d).
Millennium is proposing to install one natural gas fired fuel gas heater, with a rated heat
input capacity of 1.2 MMBtu/hr. Per 6 NYCRR 201-3.2(c)(1)(i), stationary combustion
installations with a maximum rated heat input capacity less than 10 MMBtu/hr burning
fuels other than coal or wood are exempt from permitting. As such, the heater is an
exempt source.
Millennium has provided fugitive emissions estimates for VOC and greenhouse gas
(GHG) emissions. Estimates of fugitive emissions are required to be included for Title V
applicability assessments, per 6 NYCRR 201-6.2(d)(3)(ii). Typical sources of fugitive
emissions from natural gas compressor stations include leaks from piping components
(valves, flanges, connectors and open-ended lines) as well as potential gas release events.
The proposed Solar Titan 130E natural gas-fired turbine to be installed at the Highland
Compressor Station will be equipped with Solars SoLoNOx dry low NOx combustor
technology for NOx control. Emissions for the Solar Turbine assumes that the unit will
operate up to 8,760 hours per year and up to 100% rated output. The vendor provided
emission rates for normal operating conditions are as follows (all emissions rates are in
terms of parts per million dry volume (ppmvd) @ 15% O2):
15 ppmvd NOx;
25 ppmvd CO;
25 ppmvd unburned hydrocarbons (UHC); and
5 ppmvd VOC.
At very low load and cold temperature extremes, the turbine system must be controlled
differently in order to assure stable operation. The required adjustments to the turbine
controls at these conditions cause emissions of NOx, CO and VOC to increase (emission
rates of other pollutants are unchanged). Low-load operation (non-normal SoLoNOx
operation) of the turbines is expected to occur only during periods of startup and
shutdown and for maintenance or unforeseen emergency events. Solar has provided
emissions estimates during start-up and shutdown and low load operation (see Solar
Product Information Letter (PIL) 170, included as part of the vendor attachments in
Appendix B). The annual hours of operation during low load operation was assumed to
be no more than 10 hours per year.
Similarly, Solar has provided emission estimates for low temperature operation (inlet
combustion air temperature less than 0 F and greater than -20 F). Table 3.1 provides
estimated pre-control emissions from the turbines at low temperature conditions.
120 ppmvd NOx;
150 ppmvd CO;
50 ppmvd unburned hydrocarbons (UHC); and
10 ppmvd VOC.
Millennium reviewed historic meteorological data from the previous five years for the
region to estimate the worst case number of hours per year under sub-zero (less than 0
F) conditions. The annual hours of operation during sub-zero conditions was assumed to
be not more than 120 hours per year.
Turbine emission rates during start-up and shutdown events increase for NOx, CO and
VOC as compared to operating above 50% load. The start-up process for the Solar Titan
130E turbine takes approximately 10 minutes from the initiation of start-up to normal
operation (equal to or greater than 50% load). Shutdown takes approximately 10
minutes. Millennium has estimated there would be 100 start-up/shutdown events per
year. Emissions per start- up and shutdown event for the turbine were estimated based
Millennium is proposing to install a new Waukesha VGF48GL (1,230 hp) four stroke lean
burn natural gas fired emergency generator. The emergency generator will operate for no
more than 500 hours/year, and therefore meets the definition of an emergency power
generating stationary internal combustion engine under 6 NYCRR 200.1(cq). As
previously indicated, the generator is an exempt source per 6 NYCRR 201-3.2(c)(6),
however the potential emissions for this new unit are included for NSR and Title V
applicability purposes. Maximum hourly and annual emission rates for the emergency
generator are provided in Appendix B. Emissions of NOx, CO, and VOC are based on
regulatory limits under New Source Performance Standard (NSPS) Subpart JJJJ.
Emission rates for SO2, particulates, and HAPs are based on US EPA AP-42 emission
factors (Table 3.2-2). GHG emissions are based on 40 CFR Part 98 Tables A-1, C-1, and
C-2. The emission rates are based on the emergency generator operating at peak load.
Millennium is proposing to install one new 1.2 MMBtu/hr (heat input) natural gas heater.
Appendix B provides information on the emission factors used to calculate emissions
from the heater. As previously indicated, the heater is an exempt source per 6 NYCRR
201-3.2(c)(1)(i), however the potential emissions for this new unit are included for NSR
and Title V applicability purposes.
2.3 Fuel
The Highland Station will utilize pipeline natural gas as the sole fuel for all proposed
equipment. The natural gas is assumed to have a higher heating value (HHV) of
approximately 1,024.5 Btu/standard cubic foot (SCF) and will contain no more than 2.0
grains of sulfur per 100 SCF of gas on an annual average basis.
Fugitive emissions are defined as those emissions which do not pass through a stack, vent,
or other functionally equivalent opening, and include natural gas leaks from valves,
flanges, pumps, compressors, seals, connections, etc. Vented emissions are defined as
those emissions which pass through a stack, vent, or equivalent opening. A compressor
may be vented for startup, shutdown, maintenance, or for protection of gas seals from
Fugitive emissions at natural gas compressor stations include leaks from piping
components (valves, flanges, connectors and open-ended lines) as well as potential gas
release events. The vast majority of gas release events are associated with startup,
shutdown, or maintenance activities. Millennium has provided fugitive emissions
estimates for VOC and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Appendix B. The calculations
in Appendix B are based on a methodology described in Interstate Natural Gas
Association of America guidelines and a recent analysis of a Millennium Pipeline natural
gas sample, which is also included in Appendix B. The calculations for operational vented
natural gas conservatively assume that the Highland Station will conduct two full-station
blowdowns per year. Estimates of fugitive emissions are required to be included in Title
V permit applicability assessments, per 6 NYCRR 201-6.2(d)(3)(ii).
Proposed tanks at the Highland Station may have associated emissions, such as the
flashing losses that occur when the pressure of a liquid is decreased or the temperature is
increased. At Highland, flashing losses will occur at pipeline liquids storage tanks and
include VOCs and GHGs. Total flashing losses are calculated based on a flash gas rate
and a representative flash gas density. The flash gas rate is calculated based on a liquids
input rate and a flash factor. Emissions of individual VOCs and GHGs are calculated from
total flashing losses using a representative pipeline liquids compositions. The details of
the calculations are provided in Appendix B.
Lastly, Millennium is proposing to install a new 1,500 gallon lube oil tank for the Solar
Titan 130E turbine. The 1,500 gallon oil storage tank is considered an exempt activity per
6 NYCRR 201-3.2(c)(25) as a storage tank with a capacity under 10,000 gallons.
Estimated emissions were calculated using the Tanks 4.09d estimation tool for storage
tank working and standing losses.
Table 2-1 presents project emission potentials from the new units to be installed as a part
of the proposed Highland Compressor Station. For new units, project emission potential
is equal to potentials to emit. Detailed emission calculations can be found in Appendix B
of this permit application.
Sullivan County
Town of Highland
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LEGEND
This section contains an analysis of the applicability of federal and state air quality
regulations to the proposed project. The specific regulations included in this applicability
review are the Federal New Source Performance Standards (NSPS), Prevention of
Significant Deterioration (PSD) and Non-Attainment New Source Review (NNSR)
requirements, Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT) requirements for
HAPs, and NYSDEC Regulations and Policy.
The 40 CFR 60 NSPS are technology-based standards that apply to new and modified
stationary sources. The 40 CFR 60 NSPS requirements have been established for
approximately 70 source categories. The proposed project is subject to the following four
subparts: General Provisions (40 CFR Part 60, Subpart A), Standards of Performance for
Stationary Spark Ignition Internal Combustion Engines (40 CFR Part 60, Subpart JJJJ),
Standards of Performance for Stationary Combustion Turbines (40 CFR Part 60, Subpart
KKKK), and the Standards of Performance for Oil and Natural Gas Sector: Emission
Standards for New, Reconstructed, and Modified Sources (40 CFR Part 60, Subpart
OOOOa).
The new Titan 130E turbine is subject to the general provisions for NSPS units in 40 CFR
Part 60 Subpart A. These include the requirements for notification, record keeping, and
performance testing contained in 40 CFR Parts 60.7 and 60.8.
Subpart Kb potentially applies to storage vessels with a capacity greater than 75 cubic
meters (m3) (19,813 gallons) that will store volatile organic liquids. Tanks with a capacity
greater than 75 m3 are not proposed to be constructed, reconstructed, or modified at
Highland. Therefore, this subpart will not apply.
On January 18, 2008, the USEPA promulgated NSPS Subpart JJJJ for new stationary
spark-ignited (SI) internal combustion engines (ICE). Under NSPS Subpart JJJJ, all new,
modified, and reconstructed stationary SI engines, both emergency and non-emergency,
are covered regardless of size and fuel type. Owners/operators have several options to
demonstrate compliance with Subpart JJJJ. The rule allows compliance to be
demonstrated by purchase of a certified engine or a non-certified engine and an initial
performance test. The performance test for a non-certified engine must show compliance
with applicable emission limits of:
If the spark-ignition engine is a non-certified engine, the owner/operator has the option
of complying with the emissions standards in either set of units.
On July 6, 2006, the USEPA promulgated Subpart KKKK to establish emission standards
and compliance schedules for the control of emissions from new stationary combustion
turbines that commence construction, modification, or reconstruction after February 18,
2005. Note that stationary combustion turbines regulated under Subpart KKKK are
exempt from Subpart GG requirements, which are applicable to units constructed,
modified, or reconstructed prior to February 18, 2005.
Pursuant to 40 CFR 60.4305(a), the new Solar gas turbine is subject to requirements of
40 CFR 60 Subpart KKKK, because the heat input at peak load will be greater than or
equal to 10 MMBtu/hr (HHV) and Millennium will have commenced the construction or
modification of the turbine after February 18, 2005. Pursuant to 40 CFR 60.4320(a) and
Table 1 to Subpart KKKK of Part 60 Nitrogen Oxide Emission Limits for New Stationary
Combustion Turbines, the new gas turbine, which will have HHV heat inputs of between
50 and 850 MMBtu/hr, will comply with a NOx emission standard of 25 ppm at 15 percent
O2 or 1.2 lb/MWh useful output as indicated by the vendor guarantee shown in Appendix
B. Subpart KKKK also includes a NOx limit of 150 ppmvd at 15% O2 or 8.7 lb/MWh for
turbine operation at temperatures less than 0F and turbine operation at loads less than
75 % of peak load which the new turbine will meet as indicated by the vendor guarantee
3.1.5 40 CFR 60, Subparts OOOO and OOOOa Crude Oil and Natural Gas
Production, Transmission and Distribution
Based on the effective date of August 2, 2016 for the new Subpart, this project will be
required to comply with the requirements of NSPS Subpart OOOOa. While storage tanks
remain covered, Subpart OOOOa also includes provisions intended to reduce emissions
from compressors and equipment leaks at compressor stations. For equipment leaks,
Subpart OOOOa proposes requiring periodic surveys using optical gas imaging (OGI)
technology and subsequent repair of any identified leaks. The project will comply with all
applicable leak detection provisions of proposed Subpart OOOOa.
Preconstruction air permitting programs that regulate the construction of new stationary
sources of air pollution and the modification of existing stationary sources are commonly
referred to as NSR. NSR can be divided into major NSR and minor NSR. Major NSR is
comprised of the Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD). Major NSR requirements
are established on a federal level but may be implemented by state or local permitting
authorities under either a delegation agreement with USEPA or as a SIP program
approved by USEPA. NYSDEC administers its major NSR permitting program through 6
NYCRR Part 231, which establishes preconstruction, construction, and operation
requirements for new and modified sources. The Highland Compressor Station is not
classified as one of the 28 named source categories listed in Section 169 of the Clean Air
Act. Therefore, to be considered a major stationary source, the facility would need to
have potential emissions of 250 tons per year or more of any regulated pollutant (except
CO2). The final PSD and Title V GHG Tailoring Rule was published in the Federal Register
on June 3, 2010 (75 FR 31514) but was ultimately overturned on June 23, 2014 by the US
Supreme Court. Under the formerly effective rule, GHGs could, as of July 1, 2011, become
subject to regulation under the PSD program for construction projects that would result
in potential GHG emissions of 100,000 tons per year (tpy) carbon dioxide equivalents
(CO2e) or more. However, the June 23, 2014 Supreme Court Decision clarifies that
construction projects cannot trigger major NSR for GHGs unless major NSR is otherwise
triggered for criteria pollutants.
As shown in Table 3-1, the proposed Highland Compressor Station is a minor stationary
source with respect to PSD.
The Title V permit program in 40 CFR Part 70 requires major sources of air pollutants to
obtain federal operating permits. The major source thresholds under the Title V program,
as defined in 40 CFR 70.2 and which are different from the federal NSR major source
thresholds, are 100 tpy of any air pollutant, 10 tpy of any single hazardous air pollutant
(HAP), or 25 tpy of total HAPs. More stringent Title V major source thresholds apply for
VOC and NOx in ozone nonattainment areas, namely 50 tpy of VOC or NOx in areas
defined as serious, 25 tpy in areas defined as severe, and 10 tpy in areas classified as
extreme.
The State of New Yorks Title V Operating Permit Program is administered through a
USEPA-approved program at 6 NYCRR 201-6. NYSDEC also administers a state
operating permit program through 6 NYCRR 201-5 for certain non-Title V facilities that
do not qualify for a minor facility registration under 6 NYCRR Subpart 201-4, including
synthetic minor facilities and facilities with actual emissions greater than fifty percent of
Title V thresholds. Emission sources or activities listed under NYCRR 201-3 are exempt
from the registration and permitting provisions of 6 NYCRR Subparts 201-4, 201-5, and
201-6.
As shown in Table 3-1, potential emissions of all regulated pollutants are below the Title
V major source thresholds. As such, the facility is not subject to Title V permitting
requirements for these pollutants and is required to obtain a State Facility operating
permit per 6 NYCRR 201-5.
Blowdowns are considered a trivial activity per 6 NYCRR 201-3.3(94) which covers
Emissions of the following pollutants: water vapor, oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen,
inert gases such as argon, helium, neon, krypton and xenon, hydrogen, simple
asphyxiants including methane and propane, trace constituents included in raw materials
or byproducts, where the constituents are less than 1 percent by weight for any regulated
air pollutant, or 0.1 percent by weight for any carcinogen listed by the United States
Department of Health and Human Services' Seventh Annual Report on Carcinogens
(1994). The natural gas composition at the Highland Station meets the definition in 6
NYCRR 201-3.3 as shown in Appendix B.
The USEPA has established National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants
(NESHAP) for specific pollutants and industries in 40 CFR Part 61. The Project does not
include any of the specific sources for which NESHAP have been established in Part 61.
Therefore, Part 61 NESHAP requirements will not apply to the Project. The USEPA has
also established NESHAP requirements in 40 CFR Part 63 for various source categories.
The Part 63 NESHAP apply to certain emission units at facilities that are major sources
of HAP. The applicability to the Project of several NESHAP rules is discussed below.
Subpart HHH applies to natural gas transmission and storage facilities that are major
sources of HAPs and that transport or store natural gas prior to entering the pipeline to a
local distribution company or to a final end user (if there is no local distribution
company). The Highland Station is an area source (i.e., not major source) of HAPs.
Therefore, this subpart will not apply because it only applies to major sources.
Subpart DDDDD applies to certain new and existing boilers and process heaters at major
HAP sources. The Highland Station is an area source (i.e., not major source) of HAPs.
Therefore, this subpart will not apply because it only applies to major sources.
Applicable NYSDEC air regulations and the associated proposed means of project
compliance are identified below:
x Part 200 defines general terms and conditions, requires sources to restrict
emissions, and allows NYSDEC to enforce NSPS, PSD, and National Emission
Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP). Part 200 is a general applicable
requirement; no action is required by the facility.
At the federal level, because the emission increases from the Highland Station
modifications are less than applicable major source thresholds, Millennium will not
trigger federal NSR requirements for any regulated air pollutant under either PSD or
NNSR permitting programs. At the state level, the Project triggers air permitting through
the NYSDEC as a minor source of air emissions subject to State Air Facility permitting. If
the agency considers that any project triggering minor NSR permitting could threaten
attainment with the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQSs) or human health
from toxic air pollutant (TAP) concentrations, NYSDEC can require air dispersion
modeling for the Project. A site wide modeling analysis for criteria pollutants has been
performed in accordance with their impact analysis modeling guidance, Policy DAR-10.
In addition, a modeling analysis that addresses TAPs is performed per Policy DAR-1. This
section details the NAAQS and TAPs modeling assessment for the proposed Highland
Station.
Background ambient air quality data was obtained from various existing monitoring
locations. Based on a review of the locations of Pennsylvania and New York ambient air
quality monitoring sites, the closest representative monitoring sites were used to
represent the current background air quality in the site area.
Background data for CO, NO2, and PM2.5 was obtained from a monitoring station located
in Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania (USEPA AIRData # 42-069-2006). This monitor
is located in the city of Scranton that has a higher population density and higher density
of industrial facilities than the Highland area in Sullivan County. Further, this monitor is
located in an area with a greater amount of mobile and point sources of air emissions as
compared to the project area. Thus, this monitor is considered to conservatively
represent the ambient air quality within the project area.
Background data for SO2 and PM10 was obtained from a monitoring station located in
Luzerne County, Pennsylvania (USEPA AIRData # 42-079-1101). This monitor is located
in city of Wilkes Barre that has a higher population density and higher density of
industrial facilities than the area around the Highland Station. Further, this monitor is
located in an area with a greater amount of mobile and point sources of air emissions as
compared to the project area. Thus, this monitor is also considered to conservatively
represent the ambient air quality within the project study area.
An air quality modeling analysis was performed consistent with the procedures found in
the following documents: Guideline on Air Quality Models (Revised) (USEPA, 2005),
New Source Review Workshop Manual (USEPA, 1990), Screening Procedures for
Estimating the Air Quality Impact of Stationary Sources (USEPA, 1992), and DAR-10:
NYSDEC Guidelines on Dispersion Modeling Procedures for Air Quality Impact Analysis
(NYSDEC, 2006).
The USEPA has compiled a set of preferred and alternative computer models for the
calculation of pollutant impacts. The selection of a model depends on the characteristics
of the source, as well as the nature of the surrounding study area. Of the four classes of
models available, the Gaussian type model is the most widely used technique for
estimating the impacts of nonreactive pollutants.
The AERMOD model was designed for assessing pollutant concentrations from a wide
variety of sources (point, area, and volume). AERMOD is currently recommended by the
USEPA for modeling studies in rural or urban areas, flat or complex terrain, and transport
distances less than 50 kilometers, with one hour to annual averaging times.
The latest version of USEPAs AERMOD model (Version 15181) was used in the analysis.
AERMOD was applied with the regulatory default options and 5-years (2011-2015) of
hourly meteorological data consisting of surface observations from Binghamton Edwin A
Link Field in Binghamton, NY and concurrent upper air data from Albany, NY.
A land cover classification analysis was performed to determine whether the URBAN
option in the AERMOD model should be used in quantifying ground-level concentrations.
The methodology utilized to determine whether the project is located in an urban or rural
area is described below.
The following classifications relate the colors on a United States Geological Survey
(USGS) topographic quadrangle map to the land use type that they represent:
The USGS map covering the area within a 3-kilometer radius of the facility was reviewed
and indicated that the vast majority of the surrounding area is denoted as blue, green, or
white, which represent water, wooded areas, parks, and non-densely packed structures.
Additionally, the AERMOD Implementation Guide published on August 3, 2015
cautions users against applying the Land Use Procedure on a source-by-source basis and
instead to consider the potential for urban heat island influences across the full modeling
domain. This approach is consistent with the fact that the urban heat island is not a
localized effect, but is more regional in character.
Because the urban heat island is more of a regional effect, the Urban Source option in
AERMOD was not utilized since the area within 3 kilometers of the facility as well as the
full modeling domain (20 kilometers by 20 kilometers) is predominantly rural.
Section 123 of the Clean Air Act (CAA) required the USEPA to promulgate regulations to
assure that the degree of emission limitation for the control of any air pollutant under an
applicable State Implementation Plan (SIP) was not affected by (1) stack heights that
exceed Good Engineering Practice (GEP) or (2) any other dispersion technique. The
USEPA provides specific guidance for determining GEP stack height and for determining
whether building downwash will occur in the Guidance for Determination of Good
Engineering Practice Stack Height (Technical Support Document for the Stack Height
Regulations), (USEPA, 1985). GEP is defined as the height necessary to ensure that
emissions from the stack do not result in excessive concentrations of any air pollutant in
the immediate vicinity of the source as a result of atmospheric downwash, eddies, and
wakes that may be created by the source itself, or nearby structures, or nearby terrain
obstacles.
The GEP definition is based on the observed phenomenon of atmospheric flow in the
immediate vicinity of a structure. It identifies the minimum stack height at which
significant adverse aerodynamics (downwash) are avoided. The USEPA GEP stack height
regulations (40 CFR 51.100) specify that the GEP stack height (HGEP) be calculated in the
following manner:
A detailed plot plan of the proposed facility is shown in Figure 2-3. A GEP stack height
analysis has been conducted using the USEPA approved Building Profile Input Program
with PRIME (BPIPPRM, version 04274). The maximum calculated GEP stack height for
the new emission sources is 77.5 feet; the controlling structure is the proposed
compressor building (31.0 feet). Direction-specific downwash parameters were
determined using BPIPPRM, version 04274. Electronic input and output files for the
BPIPPRM model have been provided on the DVD-ROM contained in Appendix C.
If at least one year of hourly on-site meteorological data is not available, the application
of the AERMOD dispersion model requires five years of hourly meteorological data that
are representative of the project site. In addition to being representative, the data must
meet quality and completeness requirements per USEPA guidelines. The closest source
of representative hourly surface meteorological data is Binghamton Edwin A Link Field
located in Binghamton, NY located approximately 71 miles to the northwest of the
Highland Compressor Station.
The AERMOD model requires receptor data consisting of location coordinates and
ground-level elevations. The receptor generating program, AERMAP (Version 11103),
was used to develop a complete receptor grid to a distance of 10 kilometers from the
proposed facility. AERMAP uses digital elevation model (DEM) or the National Elevation
Dataset (NED) data obtained from the USGS. The preferred elevation dataset based on
NED data was used in AERMAP to process the receptor grid. This is currently the
preferred data to be used with AERMAP as indicated in the USEPA AERMOD
Implementation Guide published August 3, 2015. AERMAP was run to determine the
representative elevation for each receptor using 1/3 arc second NED files that were
obtained for an area covering at least 10 kilometers in all directions from the proposed
facility. The NED data was obtained through the USGS Seamless Data Server
(http://seamless.usgs.gov/index.php).
The following rectangular (i.e. Cartesian) receptors were used to assess the air quality
impact of the proposed facility:
x Consistent with DAR-10 guidance, fine grid receptors (70 meter spacing) for a 20
km (east-west) x 20 km (north-south) grid centered on the proposed facility site.
The facility has a fenced property line that precludes public access to the site. Ambient
air is therefore defined as the area at and beyond the fence. The modeling receptor grid
includes receptors spaced at 25-meter intervals along the entire fence line. Any Cartesian
receptors located within the fence line were removed.
The emission source responsible for most of the potential emissions from the Highland
Compressor Station is the single combustion turbine. This unit was included in and is the
main focus of the modeling analyses. The modeling includes consideration of operation
over a range of turbine loads, ambient temperatures, and operating scenarios.
Ancillary sources (emergency diesel generators and fuel gas heater) were included in the
modeling for appropriate pollutants and averaging periods. The emergency equipment
may operate for up to 30 minutes in any day for readiness testing and maintenance
purposes. Operation of the emergency equipment for longer periods of time in an
emergency mode will not be expected to occur when the turbines are operating.
Although only limited operation is expected from the emergency equipment, initial
modeling to assess short-term facility impacts assumed concurrent operation of the
emergency equipment for readiness testing (i.e., up to 30 minutes per day) with the
combustion turbine.
The dispersion modeling analysis was conducted with emission rates and flue gas exhaust
characteristics (flow rate and temperature) that are expected to represent the range of
possible values for the proposed natural gas fired turbine. Because emission rates and
flue gas characteristics for a given turbine load vary as a function of ambient temperature
and fuel use, data were derived for a number of ambient temperature cases for natural
gas fuel at 100%, 75% and 50% operating loads. The temperatures were:
A detailed summary of the stack exhaust and emissions data for all loads and ambient
temperatures cases are provided in Appendix B. To be conservative and limit the number
of cases to be modeled, the short-term modeling analysis was conducted using the lowest
stack exhaust temperature and exit velocity coupled with the maximum emission rate
over all ambient temperature cases for each operating load (with the exception of 1-hour
NO2 modeling which excluded the <0F data as discussed below). Annual modeling was
based on the 100% load 40F case (vendor performance data for the turbine was available
for 40F and 60F). The annual average temperature for the project area is approximately
50F. Use of the 40F emissions data is conservative as emissions are slightly higher than
Note that the modeling for 1-hour NO2 excluded the emergency generator for which
normal operations (maintenance purposes only) will be limited to no more than 30
minutes per day with an annual limit of 100 hours per year for testing and maintenance
purposes. The 1-hour NO2 modeling also did not consider combustion turbine operations
under sub-zero ambient temperature conditions as these conditions are extremely limited
annually. The exclusion of the emergency generator and sub-zero operations for the
combustion turbines for the 1-hour NO2 modeling is based on USEPA guidance provided
in the March 1, 2011 memorandum, Additional Clarification Regarding Application of
Appendix W Modeling Guidance for the 1-hour NO2 National Ambient Air Quality
Standard for intermittent sources such as emergency generators. In the memo, US EPA
states the following:
Given the implications of the probabilistic form of the 1-hour NO2 NAAQS
discussed above, we are concerned that assuming continuous operation of
intermittent emissions would effectively impose an additional level of stringency
beyond that level intended by the standard itself. As a result, we feel it would be
inappropriate to implement the 1-hour NO2 standard in such a manner and
recommend that compliance demonstrations for the 1-hour NO2 NAAQS be based
on emission scenarios that can logically be assumed to be relatively continuous or
which occur frequently enough to contribute significantly to the annual
distribution of daily maximum 1-hour concentrations.
The emergency generator and sub-zero operation of the combustion turbine are
considered as intermittent emissions, and thus, were excluded from the 1-hour NO2
modeling assessment.
Table 4-2: Stack Parameters and Emission Rates Proposed Titan 130E
Compressor Turbine
Parameter Values
Load 50% 75 100% Annual(2)
Stack Height (m) 18.29 18.29 18.29 18.29
Stack Diameter (m)(1) 3.27 3.27 3.27 3.27
Exhaust Velocity (m/s) 9.60 11.38 12.69 14.33
Exhaust Temperature (K) 720.4 730.9 758.7 765.9
NOx 0.869 1.079 1.271 1.395
Pollutant
Emissions CO 5.292 6.562 7.734 -
(g/s) SO2 0.095 0.115 0.132 0.132
PM10/PM2.5 0.255 0.308 0.353 0.353
Tables 4-3 and 4-4 present the stack parameters and emission rates for the emergency
diesel generator and fuel gas heater. The emergency diesel generator was included in the
modeling analysis for appropriate pollutants and averaging periods when used for
readiness testing (i.e., up to 30 minutes per day).
Parameter Values
Stack Height (m) 5.94
Stack Diameter (m) 0.30
Exhaust Velocity (m/s) 39.84
Exhaust Temperature (K) 721.5
Averaging Period 1-hr 3-hr 8-hr 24-hr Annual
NOx 0.3422 - - - 0.039
Pollutant CO 0.683 - 0.085 - -
Emissions SO2 0.0004 0.00013 - 0.000015 0.00004
(g/sec)
PM10/PM2.5 0.0061 - - 0.00025 0.00069
Notes:
Hourly emission rate divided by 2 to simulate limit of 30 minutes testing per day. For the 3-, 8- and
24-hour period the hourly emission rate is further divided by the number of hours in the period.
Table 4-5: Stack Parameters and Emission Rates Proposed Fuel Gas
Heater
Parameter Values
Stack Height (m) 4.877
Stack Diameter (m) 0.406
Exhaust Velocity (m/s) 1.86
Exhaust Temperature (K) 510.9
NOx 0.015
Pollutant CO 0.012
Emissions SO2 0.0008
(g/sec)
PM10/PM2.5 0.0012
Table 4-5 presents the maximum modeled air quality concentrations of the proposed
facility calculated by AERMOD. As shown in this table, the maximum modeled
concentrations when combined with a representative background concentration, are less
than the applicable NAAQS/NYAAQS for all pollutants.
Maximum
NAAQS/ Background Total
Averaging Modeled
Pollutant NYAAQS Concentration Concentration
Period Concentration
Pg/m3)
(P (Pg/m3) (Pg/m3)
(Pg/m3)
1-Hour 40,000 312 2,070 2,382
CO
8-Hour 10,000 89 1,495 1,584
1-Hour 196 1.8 21.0 22.8
3-Hour 1,300 1.7 23.6a 25.3
SO2
24-Hour -/260 0.8 13.9 14.7
Annual -/60 0.09 2.1 2.2
PM-10 24-Hour 150 2.1 45 47.1
24-Hour 35 0.7 22.3 23.0
PM-2.5
Annual 12 0.13 9.5 9.6
1-Hour 188 20.9b 75.8 96.7
NO2
Annual 100 1.6c 20.0 21.6
aConservatively
based upon maximum 1-hour SO2 monitored concentration.
bAssumed 80% of NOx is NO2 per USEPA guidance.
cAssumed 75% of NO is NO per USEPA guidance.
x 2
Air quality modeling was conducted for potential toxic (non-criteria) air pollutant
emissions from the proposed non-exempt facility sources. The modeling methodology
used in the toxic air pollutant analysis was the same as used in the Part 201 air quality
analyses for criteria air pollutants. Maximum modeled short-term and annual ground
level concentrations of each toxic air pollutant were compared to the DECs short-term
guideline concentration (SGC) and annual guideline concentration (AGC), respectively.
The DEC SGCs and AGCs used in the analysis are listed in the DAR-1 (formerly Air
Guide-1) tables that were published by the DEC in February 2014.
All modeling data files to determine the maximum ambient ground-level concentrations
from the proposed facility are included on DVD-ROM in Appendix C.
4.8 References
NYSDEC, 2006. NYSDEC Guidelines on Dispersion Modeling Procedures for Air Quality
Impact Analysis DAR 10. Impact Assessment and Meteorology Section, Bureau
of Stationary Sources. May 9, 2006.
USEPA, 2015. AERMOD Implementation Guide. AERMOD Implementation
Workgroup, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Air Quality Assessment
Division, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. August 3, 2015.
USEPA, 2014. Clarification on the Use of AERMOD Dispersion Modeling for
Demonstrating Compliance with the NO2 National Ambient Air Quality Standard.
USEPA. September 30, 2014.
USEPA, 2011. Additional Clarification Regarding Application of Appendix W Modeling
Guidance for the 1-Hour NO2 NAAQS. USEPA. March 1, 2011.
USEPA, 2005. Guideline on Air Quality Models (Revised). Appendix W to Title 40 U.S.
Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Parts 51 and 52, Office of Air Quality Planning
and Standards, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Research Triangle Park,
North Carolina. November 6, 2005.
USEPA, 1992. "Screening Procedures for Estimating the Air Quality Impact of Stationary
Sources, Revised". EPA Document 454/R-92-019, Office of Air Quality Planning
and Standards, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
USEPA, 1990. "New Source Review Workshop Manual, Draft". Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina.
Parameter
Manufacturer's Name/Model Number
Code Description
Operating Schedule
Confidential Building Floor/Location
Hours/Day Days/Year
Operating at Maximum Capacity
Parameter
Manufacturer's Name/Model Number
Code Description
1. The total sulfur content for natural gas use is 20 grains of sulfur or less per 100 standard cubic feet, or
2. Has potential sulfur emissions less than 0.060 lb SO2/mmBtu heat input.
The FERC gas tariff will be used to demonstrate compliance with this requirement
Parameter
Manufacturer Name/Model No.
Code Description
Rule Citation
Title Type Part Subpart Section Subdivision Paragraph Subparagraph Clause Subclause
CFR
Emission Unit Emission Point Process Emission Source Applicable Federal Requirement
State Only Requirement
Description
ERC (lbs/yr)
CAS Number Contaminant Name
Netting Offset
Statement of Compliance
All facilities under the ownership of this "owner/firm" are operating in compliance with all applicable requirements and state
regulations including any compliance certification requirements under Section 114(a)(3) of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990,
or are meeting the schedule of a consent order.
Source of Emission Reduction Credit - Facility
Permit ID
Name - - /
Location Address
City/ Town / Village State Zip
ERC (lbs/yr)
Emission Source CAS Number Contaminant Name
Netting Offset
( / / )
( / / )
( / / )
( / / )
( / / )
( / / )
( / / )
( / / )
( / / )
( / / )
( / / )
( / / )
( / / )
( / / )
In order to complete this form, enter the number and building location of each exempt activity. Building IDs used on this
form should match those used in the Title V permit application. If a listed activity is not operated at the facility, leave the
corresponding information blank.
Combustion
Rule Number
Building
Citation Description of
Location
201-3.2(c) Activities
Stationary or portable combustion installations where the furnace has a maximum
heat input capacity less than 10 mmBtu/hr burning fuels other than coal or wood; or
(1)
a maximum heat input capacity of less than 1 mmBtu/hr burning coal or wood. This
activity does not include combustion installations burning any material classified as
solid waste, as defined in 6 NYCRR Part 360, or waste oil, as defined in 6 NYCRR
Subpart 225-2.
1 NA
Space heaters burning waste oil at automotive service facilities, as defined in 6
NYCRR Subpart 225-2, generated on-site or at a facility under common control, alone
(2)
or in conjunction with used oil generated by a do-it-yourself oil changer as defined in
6 NYCRR Subpart 374-2.
Stationary or portable internal combustion engines that are liquid or gaseous fuel
powered and located within the New York City metropolitan area or the Orange
(3)(i) County towns of Blooming Grove, Chester, Highlands, Monroe, Tuxedo, Warwick, or
Woodbury, and have a maximum mechanical power rating of less than 200 brake
horsepower.
Stationary or portable internal combustion engines that are liquid or gaseous fuel
powered and located outside of the New York City metropolitan area or the Orange
(3)(ii) County towns of Blooming Grove, Chester, Highlands, Monroe, Tuxedo, Warwick, or
Woodbury, and have a maximum mechanical power rating of less than 400 brake
horsepower.
Stationary or portable internal combustion engines that are gasoline powered and
(3)(iii)
have a maximum mechanical power rating of less than 50 brake horsepower.
(4) Reserved.
(5) Gas turbines with a heat input at peak load less then 10 mmBtu/hour
3/30/2015 Page 1 of 6
New York State Department of Environmental Conservation
Air Permit Application
DEC ID
- -
Rule Number
Building
Citation Description of
Location
201-3.2(c) Activities
1 NA
NYCRR Part 200.1(cq), and engine test cells at engine manufacturing facilities that are
(6) utilized for research and development, reliability performance testing, or quality
assurance performance testing. Stationary internal combustion engines used for peak
shaving and/or demand response programs are not exempt.
Combustion Related
Non-contact water cooling towers and water treatment systems for process cooling
(7) water and other water containers designed to cool, store or otherwise handle water
that has not been in direct contact with gaseous or liquid process streams.
Agricultural
Feed and grain milling, cleaning, conveying, drying and storage operations including
grain storage silos, where such silos exhaust to an appropriate emissions control
(8) device, excluding grain terminal elevators with permanent storage capacities over 2.5
million U.S. bushels, and grain storage elevators with capacities above one million
bushels.
Equipment used exclusively to slaughter animals, but not including other equipment
(9) at slaughterhouses, such as rendering cookers, boilers, heating plants, incinerators,
and electrical power generating equipment.
Commercial - Food Service Industries
Flour silos at bakeries, provided all such silos are exhausted through an appropriate
(10)
emission control device.
Emissions from flavorings added to a food product where such flavors are manually
(11)
added to the product.
Commercial - Graphic Arts
Graphic arts processes at facilities located outside the New York City metropolitan
area or the Orange County towns of Blooming Grove, Chester, Highlands, Monroe,
(13) Tuxedo, Warwick, or Woodbury whose facility-wide total emissions of volatile
organic compounds from inks, coatings, adhesives, fountain solutions and cleaning
solutions are less than three tons during any 12-month period.
3/30/2015 Page
g 2 of 6
New York State Department of Environmental Conservation
Air Permit Application
DEC ID
- -
Rule Number
Building
Citation Description of
Location
201-3.2(c) Activities
Graphic label and/or box labeling operations where the inks are applied by stamping
(14)
or rolling.
Graphic arts processes which are specifically exempted from regulation under 6
(15) NYCRR Part 234, with respect to emissions of volatile organic compounds which are
not given an A rating as described in 6 NYCRR Part 212.
Commercial - Other
Gasoline dispensing sites registered with the department pursuant to 6 NYCRR Part
(16)
612.
Surface coating and related activities at facilities which use less than 25 gallons per
month of total coating materials, or with actual volatile organic compound emissions
of 1,000 pounds or less from coating materials in any 12-month period. Coating
materials include all paints and paint components, other materials mixed with paints
prior to application, and cleaning solvents, combined. This exemption is subject to
the following:
(17)
(i) The facility is located outside of the New York City metropolitan area or the
Orange County towns of Blooming Grove, Chester, Highlands, Monroe, Tuxedo,
Warwick, or Woodbury; and
(ii) All abrasive cleaning and surface coating operations are performed in an enclosed
building where such operations are exhausted into appropriate emission control
devices.
Landfill gas ventilating systems at landfills with design capacities less than 2.5 million
megagrams (3.3 million tons) and 2.5 million cubic meters (2.75 million cubic yards),
(20) where the systems are vented directly to the atmosphere, and the ventilating system
has been required by, and is operating under, the conditions of a valid 6 NYCRR Part
360 permit, or order on consent.
Storage Vessels
Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, and liquid asphalt storage tanks with storage
(21)
capacities below 300,000 barrels.
3/30/2015 Page
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o 6
New York State Department of Environmental Conservation
Air Permit Application
DEC ID
- -
Rule Number
Building
Citation Description of
Location
201-3.2(c) Activities
Pressurized fixed roof tanks which are capable of maintaining a working pressure at
(22) all times to prevent emissions of volatile organic compounds to the outdoor
atmosphere.
External floating roof tanks which are of welded construction and are equipped with
(23) a metallic-type shoe primary seal and a secondary seal from the top of the shoe seal
to the tank wall.
External floating roof tanks which are used for the storage of a petroleum or volatile
organic liquid with a true vapor pressure less than 4.0 psi (27.6 kPa), are of welded
construction and are equipped with one of the following:
2
Storage tanks, including petroleum liquid storage tanks as defined in 6 NYCRR Part
(25) 229, with capacities less than 10,000 gallons, except those subject to 6 NYCRR Part NA
229 or Part 233.
(26) Horizontal petroleum or volatile organic liquid storage tanks.
Storage silos storing solid materials, provided all such silos are exhausted through an
(27) appropriate emission control device. This exemption does not include raw material,
clinker, or finished product storage silos at Portland cement plants.
Industrial
Processing equipment at existing sand and gravel and stone crushing plants which
were installed or constructed before August 31, 1983, where water is used for
(28) operations such as wet conveying, separating, and washing. This exemption does not
include processing equipment at existing sand and gravel and stone crushing plants
where water is used for dust suppression.
3/30/2015 Page
g 4 of 6
New York State Department of Environmental Conservation
Air Permit Application
DEC ID
- -
Rule Number
Building
Citation Description of
Location
201-3.2(c) Activities
Surface coating operations which are specifically exempted from regulation under 6
(31) NYCRR Part 228, with respect to emissions of volatile organic compounds which are
not given an A rating pursuant to 6 NYCRR Part 212.
All tumblers used for the cleaning and/or deburring of metal products without
(35)
abrasive blasting.
Presses used exclusively for molding or extruding plastics except where halogenated
(36)
carbon compounds or hydrocarbon solvents are used as foaming agents.
Concrete batch plants where the cement weigh hopper and all bulk storage silos are
(37) exhausted through fabric filters, and the batch drop point is controlled by a shroud or
other emission control device.
Cement storage operations not located at Portland cement plants where materials
(38)
are transported by screw or bucket conveyors.
Cold cleaning degreasers with an open surface area of 11 square feet or less and an
(39)(i) internal volume of 93 gallons or less or, having an organic solvent loss of 3 gallons
per day or less.
Cold cleaning degreasers that use a solvent with a VOC content or five percent or less
39(ii)
by weight, unless subject to the requirements of 40 CFR 63 Subpart T.
3/30/2015 age 5 of
Page o 6
New York State Department of Environmental Conservation
Air Permit Application
DEC ID
- -
Rule Number
Building
Citation Description of
Location
201-3.2(c) Activities
Open-top vapor degreasers with an open-top area smaller than 11 square feet (1
(39)(iv)
square meter), unless subject to the requirements of 40 CFR 63 Subpart T.
Miscellaneous
Ventilating and exhaust systems for laboratory operations. Laboratory operations do
(40) not include processes having a primary purpose to produce commercial quantities of
materials.
Exhaust or ventilating systems for the melting of gold, silver, platinum and other
(41)
precious metals.
Exhaust systems for paint mixing, transfer, filling or sampling and/or paint storage
(42) rooms or cabinets, provided the paints stored within these locations are stored in
closed containers when not in use.
Exhaust systems for solvent transfer, filling or sampling, and/or solvent storage
(43) rooms provided the solvent stored within these locations are stored in containers
when not in use.
Research and development activities, including both stand-alone and activities within
(44) a major facility, until such time as the administrator completes a rule making to
determine how the permitting program should be structured for these activities.
3/30/2015 Page 6 of 6
APPENDIX B
EMISSION CALCULATIONS
AND VENDOR DATA
Millennium Pipeline Company, LLC
Highland Compressor Station
PM/PM-10/
Proposed Sources NOx CO VOC SO2 PM-2.5 CO2 Total HAPS CH4 N2O CO2e
Solar Titan 130E 48.59 78.08 5.53 4.57 12.27 95,591.0 2.48 1.80 0.18 95,690
Waukesha VGF48GL Emergency Engine 1.36 2.71 0.68 0.0014 0.02 284.4 0.18 0.01 0.001 285
Fuel Gas Heater 0.53 0.44 0.03 0.0301 0.04 630.6 0.01 0.01 0.001 631
Lube Oil Tank - 0.0017 - - - - - -
Waste Liquids Tank - 2.27 - - 0.21 - - -
Blowdowns - 0.05 - 0.03 - 30.32 - 758
Station Fugitives - - 0.49 - - 0.27 - 315.64 - 7,891
Totals (ton/year) 50.47 81.23 9.05 4.60 12.33 96,506.38 2.87 347.78 0.18 105,255
Millennium Pipeline Company, LLC
Highland Compressor Station
Hp Output (Net) 11,177 11,177 11,177 10,768 10,344 9,920 9,220 8,348 16,766 16,766 16,153 15,516 14,880 13,830 12,523 22,354 22,354 21,537 20,688 19,841 18,440 16,697
Ambient
below 0 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 below 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 below 0 0 20 40 60 80 100
Temperature (F)
% RH 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60
Elevation ft 1,320 1,320 1,320 1,320 1,320 1,320 1,320 1,320 1,320 1,320 1,320 1,320 1,320 1,320 1,320 1,320 1,320 1,320 1,320 1,320 1,320 1,320
Fuel LHV (Btu/scf) 920.90 920.9 920.90 920.90 920.90 920.90 920.90 920.90 920.90 920.90 920.90 920.90 920.90 920.90 920.90 920.90 920.90 920.90 920.90 920.90 920.90 920.90
Heat Inpu LHV
(MMBtu/hr) by 121.15 121.15 121.15 117.34 113.57 110.57 106.05 101.09 146.65 146.65 140.73 135.06 130.03 123.96 117.35 167.83 167.83 161.29 154.82 148.60 140.18 131.30
volume
Exhaust lb/hr 386,517 386,517 386,517 365,304 344,367 322,323 300,087 278,591 443,084 443,084 422,174 400,831 380,133 356,195 328,797 458,609 458,609 445,904 432,581 418,879 396,184 368,082
Exhaust ACFM 213,692 213,692 213,692 206,397 198,741 188,347 179,190 170,540 248,555 248,555 240,148 231,669 223,753 214,221 202,122 267,038 267,038 260,872 254,636 248,350 238,271 225,480
Stack Height (m) 18.29 18.29 18.29 18.29 18.29 18.29 18.29 18.29 18.29 18.29 18.29 18.29 18.29 18.29 18.29 18.29 18.29 18.29 18.29 18.29 18.29 18.29
Square Stack Side
114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114
(inches)
Square Stack Side
2.90 2.90 2.90 2.90 2.90 2.90 2.90 2.90 2.90 2.90 2.90 2.90 2.90 2.90 2.90 2.90 2.90 2.90 2.90 2.90 2.90 2.90
(ft)
Square Stack Equiv
10.72 10.72 10.72 10.72 10.72 10.72 10.72 10.72 10.72 10.72 10.72 10.72 10.72 10.72 10.72 10.72 10.72 10.72 10.72 10.72 10.72 10.72
Diameter (ft)
Square Stack
12.03 12.03 12.03 11.62 11.19 10.60 10.09 9.60 13.99 13.99 13.52 13.04 12.59 12.06 11.38 15.03 15.03 14.68 14.33 13.98 13.41 12.69
Exhaust (m/s)
Exhaust M.W. 28.55 28.55 28.55 28.54 28.51 28.47 28.37 28.29 28.55 28.55 28.54 28.51 28.47 28.37 28.29 28.55 28.55 28.54 28.51 28.47 28.37 28.29
Exhaust
837 837 837 865 892 907 932 963 856 856 874 894 917 942 969 906 906 912 919 927 942 964
Temperature (F)
Exhaust
720.4 720.4 720.4 735.9 750.9 759.3 773.2 790.4 730.9 730.9 740.9 752.0 764.8 778.7 793.7 758.7 758.7 762.0 765.9 770.4 778.7 790.9
Temperature (K)
NOX lb/hr 55.200 32.200 6.900 6.680 6.460 6.270 5.970 5.620 68.480 8.560 8.200 7.860 7.540 7.140 6.680 80.720 10.090 9.680 9.280 8.870 8.310 7.690
NOX g/s 6.955 4.057 0.869 0.842 0.814 0.790 0.752 0.708 8.628 1.079 1.033 0.990 0.950 0.900 0.842 10.171 1.271 1.220 1.169 1.118 1.047 0.969
CO lb/hr 42.000 2240.0 7.000 6.780 6.550 6.360 6.060 5.710 52.080 8.680 8.330 7.980 7.650 7.250 6.780 61.380 10.230 9.830 9.410 9.000 8.430 7.800
CO g/s 5.292 282.240 0.882 0.854 0.825 0.801 0.764 0.719 6.562 1.094 1.050 1.005 0.964 0.914 0.854 7.734 1.289 1.239 1.186 1.134 1.062 0.983
UHC ppm@ 15%
50 800 25 25 25 25 25 25 50 25 25 25 25 25 25 50 25 25 25 25 25 25
O2
UHC lb/hr 8.020 128.320 4.010 3.880 3.750 3.640 3.470 3.270 9.940 4.970 4.770 4.570 4.380 4.150 3.880 11.720 5.860 5.630 5.390 5.160 4.830 4.470
VOC lb/hr 1.604 25.664 0.802 0.776 0.750 0.728 0.694 0.654 1.988 0.994 0.954 0.914 0.876 0.830 0.776 2.344 1.172 1.126 1.078 1.032 0.966 0.894
sulfur gr/100 scf 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0
SO2 lb/hr 0.753 0.753 0.753 0.730 0.706 0.688 0.660 0.629 0.912 0.912 0.875 0.840 0.809 0.771 0.730 1.044 1.044 1.003 0.963 0.924 0.872 0.817
SO2 g/s 0.095 0.095 0.095 0.092 0.089 0.087 0.083 0.079 0.115 0.115 0.110 0.106 0.102 0.097 0.092 0.132 0.132 0.126 0.121 0.116 0.110 0.103
Particulates
0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015
lb/MMBtu
PM10/2.5 lb/hr 2.02 2.02 2.02 1.96 1.90 1.85 1.77 1.69 2.45 2.45 2.35 2.25 2.17 2.07 1.96 2.80 2.80 2.69 2.58 2.48 2.34 2.19
PM10/2.5 g/s 0.255 0.255 0.255 0.247 0.239 0.232 0.223 0.213 0.308 0.308 0.296 0.284 0.273 0.261 0.247 0.353 0.353 0.339 0.326 0.312 0.295 0.276
CO2 lb/mmBtu 117 117 117 117 117 117 117 117 117 117 117 117 117 117 117 117 117 117 117 117 117 117
CO2 lb/hr 15,754 15,754 15,754 15,259 14,769 14,378 13,791 13,146 19,070 19,070 18,300 17,563 16,909 16,120 15,260 21,824 21,824 20,974 20,133 19,324 18,229 17,074
CH4 lb/mmBtu 0.0022 0.0022 0.0022 0.0022 0.0022 0.0022 0.0022 0.0022 0.0022 0.0022 0.0022 0.0022 0.0022 0.0022 0.0022 0.0022 0.0022 0.0022 0.0022 0.0022 0.0022 0.0022
CH4 lb/hr 0.2971 0.2971 0.2971 0.2878 0.2785 0.2712 0.2601 0.2479 0.3597 0.3597 0.3452 0.3313 0.3189 0.3040 0.2878 0.4116 0.4116 0.3956 0.3797 0.3645 0.3438 0.3220
N2O lb/mmBtu 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002
N2O lb/hr 0.0297 0.0297 0.0297 0.0288 0.0279 0.0271 0.0260 0.0248 0.0360 0.0360 0.0345 0.0331 0.0319 0.0304 0.0288 0.0412 0.0412 0.0396 0.0380 0.0364 0.0344 0.0322
CO2e lb/mmBtu 117.0 117.0 117.0 117.0 117.0 117.0 117.0 117.0 117.0 117.0 117.0 117.0 117.0 117.0 117.0 117.0 117.0 117.0 117.0 117.0 117.0 117.0
CO2e lb/hr 15,771 15,771 15,771 15,275 14,784 14,393 13,805 13,159 19,090 19,090 18,319 17,581 16,926 16,136 15,276 21,847 21,847 20,996 20,153 19,344 18,248 17,092
Notes
1. Data provided by Solar for 100%, 75%, and 50% load cases: net output power, fuel flow (MMBtu/hr, LHV), exhaust flow (lb/hr), exhaust temperature, NO X/CO/UHC concentrations and lb/hr.
2. Below zero and low load operation uses 0F for operating parameters and uses concentrations from Solar PIL 167.
3. Greenhouse gases are calculated using emission factors from Part 98, Tables C 1 and C2 and global warming potentials from Table A1 (CO2 = 1, CH4 = 25, N2O = 298).
Millennium Pipeline Company, LLC
Highland Compressor Station
Operations Normal Ambient Startup Shutdown Potential to Emit Low Ambient Low Load Operation Maximum Yearly
Temperatures Including Temperatures (<50%) Potential to Emit
(>0 degrees F) Startup/Shutdown (<0 degrees F)
during Normal
Temperature
Operation
Maximum 8,760 hrs/yr 100 Events/Yr 100 Events/Year 8,760 hrs/yr 120 hrs/yr 10 hrs/yr 8,760 hrs/yr
Annual (10 Minute Event Duration) (10 Minute Event Duration)
Combined Event
Frequency
Pollutant Hourly Maximum Event Maximum Event Maximum Maximum Annual Hourly Maximum Hourly Maximum Maximum Annual
(lb/hr) Annual (lb/event) Annual (lb/event) Annual (tpy) (lb/hr) Annual (lb/hr) Annual (tpy)
(tpy) (tpy) (tpy) (tpy) (tpy)
NOX 10.09 44.19 1.90 0.10 2.40 0.12 44.24 80.72 4.84 32.20 0.16 48.59
CO 10.23 44.81 176.90 8.85 207.60 10.38 63.86 61.38 3.68 2,240.00 11.20 78.08
SO2 1.04 4.57 0 0 0 0 4.57 1.04 0.06 0.75 0.004 4.57
PM10/2.5 2.80 12.27 0 0 0 0 12.27 2.80 0.17 2.02 0.01 12.27
CO2e 21,847 95,690 0 0 0 0 95,690 21,847 1,311 15,771 79 95,690
CO2 21,824 95,591 0 0 0 0 95,591 21,824 1,309 15,754 79 95,591
N2O 0.04 0.18 0 0 0 0 0.18 0.04 0.002 0.03 0.0001 0.18
TOC (Total) 5.86 25.67 10.10 0.51 11.90 0.60 26.67 11.72 0.70 128.32 0.64 27.63
CH4 0.41 1.80 0 0 0 0 1.80 0.41 0.02 0.30 0.001 1.80
VOC (Total) 1.17 5.13 2.02 0.10 2.38 0.12 5.33 2.34 0.14 25.66 0.13 5.53
Millennium Pipeline Company, LLC
Highland Compressor Station
Engine parameters
Power output base load 1,230 hp
Heat Input Capacity (HHV) 9.726 MMBtu/hr
Maximum Annual Operation 500 hr/yr
Potential Emissions
Total Annual
1 2
Pollutant g/bhp-hr lb/MMBtu lb/hr (ton/yr)3
NOx 2.00 5.42 1.36
CO 4.00 10.85 2.71
VOC 1.00 2.71 0.68
PM10/2.5 0.00999 0.10 0.024
SO2 5.88E-04 0.006 0.0014
CO2e 117.10 1138.912 284.73
CO2 116.9800 1137.738 284.43
CH4 0.0022 0.021 0.01
N2O 0.0002 0.002 0.001
Notes:
1
NOx, CO, VOC based on NSPS Subpart JJJJ, Table 1
2
Emissions for PM10/PM2.5 and SO2 calculated using AP-42 emission factors (Table 3.2-2).
Emission for GHGs based upon 40 CFR Part 98, Subpart C
3
Auxiliary Generator is Limited to 500 hours / year.
Millennium Pipeline Company, LLC
Highland Compressor Station
Engine parameters
Heat Input Capacity (HHV) 1.23 MMBtu/hr
Fuel Firing Rate 1,201 SCF/hr
Maximum Annual Operation 8,760 hr/yr
Potential Emissions
Total Annual
Pollutant lb/mmscf lb/hr (ton/yr)
NOx 100 0.12 0.53
CO 84 0.10 0.44
VOC 5.5 0.007 0.03
PM/PM-10/PM-2.5 7.6 0.01 0.04
(2)
SO2 5.71 0.0069 0.03
CO2e 119,970 144.12 631.26
CO2 119,846 143.98 630.61
CH4 2.26 0.0027 0.01
N2O 0.23 0.00027 0.0012
(1)
NOx, CO, VOC and PM emissions are based upon AP-42 Emission Factors
(2)
Emissions of SO2 from based on mass balance of sulfur in fuel:
Sulfur Content 2.0 grains/100 SCF
Higher Heating Value 1,025 Btu/SCF
Molecular Weight of S = 32 lb/lbmol
Molecular Weight of SO2 = 64 lb/lbmol
(3)
GHG Emissions are based upon 40 CFR Part 98, Subpart C
Millennium Pipeline Company, LLC
Highland Compressor Station
Blowdown Events
Parameter
Building Emergency Station
Shutdown Shutdown
Gas Blowdown (scf/event) 61,000 608,474
Blowdowns per Year 4 2
VOC Emissions (lb/event) 4.0 39.5
CO2 Emissions (lb/event) 2.2 22.0
CH4 Emissions (lb/event) 2,532.1 25,257.5
CO2e Emissions (lb/event) 63,304.4 631,460.0
VOC Emissions (tpy) 0.0079 0.0395
CO2 Emissions (tpy) 0.0044 0.0220
CH4 Emissions (tpy) 5.1 25.3
CO2e Emissions (tpy) 126.6 631.5
Millennium Pipeline Company, LLC
Highland Compressor Station
Flash gas density is 110% of the value extracted from laboratory analysis results.
Laboratory Density:
Flash factor extracted from laboratory analysis results:
0.1006 lb/scf Safety Factor: 110%
Speciated emissions vapor weight percentages caculated from laboratory analysis results.
Millennium Pipeline Company, LLC
Highland Compressor Station
2
Based on 93.4 vol% CH4 and 2 vol% CO2 in natural gas, per INGAA Guideline
1 11177 HP 50.0% Load Elev. 1320 ft Rel. Humidity 60.0% Temperature 0 Deg. F
PPMvd at 15% O2 15.00 25.00 25.00
ton/yr 30.24 30.68 17.57
lbm/MMBtu (Fuel LHV) 0.060 0.061 0.035
lbm/(MW-hr) 0.83 0.84 0.48
(gas turbine shaft pwr)
lbm/hr 6.90 7.00 4.01
2 10768 HP 50.0% Load Elev. 1320 ft Rel. Humidity 60.0% Temperature 20.0 Deg. F
PPMvd at 15% O2 15.00 25.00 25.00
ton/yr 29.27 29.70 17.01
lbm/MMBtu (Fuel LHV) 0.060 0.061 0.035
lbm/(MW-hr) 0.83 0.84 0.48
(gas turbine shaft pwr)
lbm/hr 6.68 6.78 3.88
3 10344 HP 50.0% Load Elev. 1320 ft Rel. Humidity 60.0% Temperature 40.0 Deg. F
PPMvd at 15% O2 15.00 25.00 25.00
ton/yr 28.28 28.70 16.44
lbm/MMBtu (Fuel LHV) 0.060 0.061 0.035
lbm/(MW-hr) 0.84 0.85 0.49
(gas turbine shaft pwr)
lbm/hr 6.46 6.55 3.75
Notes
1. For short-term emission limits such as lbs/hr., Solar recommends using "worst case" anticipated operating
conditions specific to the application and the site conditions. Worst case for one pollutant is not
necessarily the same for another.
2. Solars typical SoLoNOx warranty, for ppm values, is available for greater than 0 deg F or -20 deg C,
and between 50% and 100% load for gas, fuel, and between 65% and 100% load for liquid fuel (except f
or the Centaur 40). An emission warranty for non-SoLoNOx equipment is available for greater than 0 deg
F or -20 deg C and betwee
3. Fuel must meet Solar standard fuel specification ES 9-98. Emissions are based on the attached fuel
composition, or, San Diego natural gas or equivalent.
4. If needed, Solar can provide Product Information Letters to address turbine operation outside typical
warranty ranges, as well as non-warranted emissions of SO2, PM10/2.5, VOC, and formaldehyde.
5. Solar can provide factory testing in San Diego to ensure the actual unit(s) meet the above values within
the tolerances quoted. Pricing and schedule impact will be provided upon request.
6. Any emissions warranty is applicable only for steady-state conditions and does not apply during start-up,
shut-down, malfunction, or transient event.
PREDICTED EMISSION PERFORMANCE
4 9920 HP 50.0% Load Elev. 1320 ft Rel. Humidity 60.0% Temperature 60.0 Deg. F
PPMvd at 15% O2 15.00 25.00 25.00
ton/yr 27.45 27.85 15.95
lbm/MMBtu (Fuel LHV) 0.060 0.061 0.035
lbm/(MW-hr) 0.85 0.86 0.49
(gas turbine shaft pwr)
lbm/hr 6.27 6.36 3.64
5 9220 HP 50.0% Load Elev. 1320 ft Rel. Humidity 60.0% Temperature 80.0 Deg. F
PPMvd at 15% O2 15.00 25.00 25.00
ton/yr 26.16 26.54 15.20
lbm/MMBtu (Fuel LHV) 0.059 0.060 0.034
lbm/(MW-hr) 0.87 0.88 0.50
(gas turbine shaft pwr)
lbm/hr 5.97 6.06 3.47
6 8348 HP 50.0% Load Elev. 1320 ft Rel. Humidity 60.0% Temperature 100.0 Deg. F
PPMvd at 15% O2 15.00 25.00 25.00
ton/yr 24.64 25.00 14.32
lbm/MMBtu (Fuel LHV) 0.059 0.059 0.034
lbm/(MW-hr) 0.90 0.92 0.53
(gas turbine shaft pwr)
lbm/hr 5.62 5.71 3.27
Notes
1. For short-term emission limits such as lbs/hr., Solar recommends using "worst case" anticipated operating
conditions specific to the application and the site conditions. Worst case for one pollutant is not
necessarily the same for another.
2. Solars typical SoLoNOx warranty, for ppm values, is available for greater than 0 deg F or -20 deg C,
and between 50% and 100% load for gas, fuel, and between 65% and 100% load for liquid fuel (except f
or the Centaur 40). An emission warranty for non-SoLoNOx equipment is available for greater than 0 deg
F or -20 deg C and betwee
3. Fuel must meet Solar standard fuel specification ES 9-98. Emissions are based on the attached fuel
composition, or, San Diego natural gas or equivalent.
4. If needed, Solar can provide Product Information Letters to address turbine operation outside typical
warranty ranges, as well as non-warranted emissions of SO2, PM10/2.5, VOC, and formaldehyde.
5. Solar can provide factory testing in San Diego to ensure the actual unit(s) meet the above values within
the tolerances quoted. Pricing and schedule impact will be provided upon request.
6. Any emissions warranty is applicable only for steady-state conditions and does not apply during start-up,
shut-down, malfunction, or transient event.
PREDICTED ENGINE PERFORMANCE
Customer Model
TITAN 130-22402S
Millenium Pipeline Package Type
CS/MD
Job ID Match
Highland 59F MATCH
Run By Date Run Fuel System
Nima Bahrami 14-Apr-16 GAS
Engine Performance Code Engine Performance Data Fuel Type
REV. 4.17.1.19.11 REV. 0.0 CHOICE GAS
1 2 3 4 5 6
Engine Inlet Temperature deg F 0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0
Relative Humidity % 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0
Driven Equipment Speed RPM 7139 7024 6916 7187 7065 6932
Engine Exhaust Flow lbm/hr 386517 365304 344367 322323 300087 278591
PT Exit Temperature deg F 889 907 925 929 949 981
Exhaust Temperature deg F 837 865 892 907 932 963
This performance was calculated with a basic inlet and exhaust system. Special equipment such as low
noise silencers, special filters, heat recovery systems or cooling devices will affect engine performance.
Performance shown is "Expected" performance at the pressure drops stated, not guaranteed.
PREDICTED EMISSION PERFORMANCE
1 16766 HP 75.0% Load Elev. 1320 ft Rel. Humidity 60.0% Temperature 0 Deg. F
PPMvd at 15% O2 15.00 25.00 25.00
ton/yr 37.48 38.03 21.78
lbm/MMBtu (Fuel LHV) 0.060 0.061 0.035
lbm/(MW-hr) 0.68 0.69 0.40
(gas turbine shaft pwr)
lbm/hr 8.56 8.68 4.97
2 16153 HP 75.0% Load Elev. 1320 ft Rel. Humidity 60.0% Temperature 20.0 Deg. F
PPMvd at 15% O2 15.00 25.00 25.00
ton/yr 35.94 36.47 20.89
lbm/MMBtu (Fuel LHV) 0.060 0.061 0.035
lbm/(MW-hr) 0.68 0.69 0.40
(gas turbine shaft pwr)
lbm/hr 8.20 8.33 4.77
3 15516 HP 75.0% Load Elev. 1320 ft Rel. Humidity 60.0% Temperature 40.0 Deg. F
PPMvd at 15% O2 15.00 25.00 25.00
ton/yr 34.43 34.94 20.01
lbm/MMBtu (Fuel LHV) 0.060 0.061 0.035
lbm/(MW-hr) 0.68 0.69 0.39
(gas turbine shaft pwr)
lbm/hr 7.86 7.98 4.57
Notes
1. For short-term emission limits such as lbs/hr., Solar recommends using "worst case" anticipated operating
conditions specific to the application and the site conditions. Worst case for one pollutant is not
necessarily the same for another.
2. Solars typical SoLoNOx warranty, for ppm values, is available for greater than 0 deg F or -20 deg C,
and between 50% and 100% load for gas, fuel, and between 65% and 100% load for liquid fuel (except f
or the Centaur 40). An emission warranty for non-SoLoNOx equipment is available for greater than 0 deg
F or -20 deg C and betwee
3. Fuel must meet Solar standard fuel specification ES 9-98. Emissions are based on the attached fuel
composition, or, San Diego natural gas or equivalent.
4. If needed, Solar can provide Product Information Letters to address turbine operation outside typical
warranty ranges, as well as non-warranted emissions of SO2, PM10/2.5, VOC, and formaldehyde.
5. Solar can provide factory testing in San Diego to ensure the actual unit(s) meet the above values within
the tolerances quoted. Pricing and schedule impact will be provided upon request.
6. Any emissions warranty is applicable only for steady-state conditions and does not apply during start-up,
shut-down, malfunction, or transient event.
PREDICTED EMISSION PERFORMANCE
4 14880 HP 75.0% Load Elev. 1320 ft Rel. Humidity 60.0% Temperature 60.0 Deg. F
PPMvd at 15% O2 15.00 25.00 25.00
ton/yr 33.03 33.52 19.20
lbm/MMBtu (Fuel LHV) 0.060 0.061 0.035
lbm/(MW-hr) 0.68 0.69 0.40
(gas turbine shaft pwr)
lbm/hr 7.54 7.65 4.38
5 13830 HP 75.0% Load Elev. 1320 ft Rel. Humidity 60.0% Temperature 80.0 Deg. F
PPMvd at 15% O2 15.00 25.00 25.00
ton/yr 31.28 31.74 18.18
lbm/MMBtu (Fuel LHV) 0.059 0.060 0.034
lbm/(MW-hr) 0.69 0.70 0.40
(gas turbine shaft pwr)
lbm/hr 7.14 7.25 4.15
6 12523 HP 75.0% Load Elev. 1320 ft Rel. Humidity 60.0% Temperature 100.0 Deg. F
PPMvd at 15% O2 15.00 25.00 25.00
ton/yr 29.26 29.69 17.01
lbm/MMBtu (Fuel LHV) 0.059 0.059 0.034
lbm/(MW-hr) 0.72 0.73 0.42
(gas turbine shaft pwr)
lbm/hr 6.68 6.78 3.88
Notes
1. For short-term emission limits such as lbs/hr., Solar recommends using "worst case" anticipated operating
conditions specific to the application and the site conditions. Worst case for one pollutant is not
necessarily the same for another.
2. Solars typical SoLoNOx warranty, for ppm values, is available for greater than 0 deg F or -20 deg C,
and between 50% and 100% load for gas, fuel, and between 65% and 100% load for liquid fuel (except f
or the Centaur 40). An emission warranty for non-SoLoNOx equipment is available for greater than 0 deg
F or -20 deg C and betwee
3. Fuel must meet Solar standard fuel specification ES 9-98. Emissions are based on the attached fuel
composition, or, San Diego natural gas or equivalent.
4. If needed, Solar can provide Product Information Letters to address turbine operation outside typical
warranty ranges, as well as non-warranted emissions of SO2, PM10/2.5, VOC, and formaldehyde.
5. Solar can provide factory testing in San Diego to ensure the actual unit(s) meet the above values within
the tolerances quoted. Pricing and schedule impact will be provided upon request.
6. Any emissions warranty is applicable only for steady-state conditions and does not apply during start-up,
shut-down, malfunction, or transient event.
PREDICTED ENGINE PERFORMANCE
Customer Model
TITAN 130-22402S
Millenium Pipeline Package Type
CS/MD
Job ID Match
Highland 59F MATCH
Run By Date Run Fuel System
Nima Bahrami 14-Apr-16 GAS
Engine Performance Code Engine Performance Data Fuel Type
REV. 4.17.1.19.11 REV. 0.0 CHOICE GAS
1 2 3 4 5 6
Engine Inlet Temperature deg F 0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0
Relative Humidity % 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0
Driven Equipment Speed RPM 8243 8138 8024 7909 7709 7439
Engine Exhaust Flow lbm/hr 443084 422174 400831 380133 356195 328797
PT Exit Temperature deg F 879 893 908 927 950 975
Exhaust Temperature deg F 856 874 894 917 942 969
This performance was calculated with a basic inlet and exhaust system. Special equipment such as low
noise silencers, special filters, heat recovery systems or cooling devices will affect engine performance.
Performance shown is "Expected" performance at the pressure drops stated, not guaranteed.
PREDICTED EMISSION PERFORMANCE
1 22354 HP 100.0% Load Elev. 1320 ft Rel. Humidity 60.0% Temperature 0 Deg. F
PPMvd at 15% O2 15.00 25.00 25.00
ton/yr 44.18 44.83 25.67
lbm/MMBtu (Fuel LHV) 0.060 0.061 0.035
lbm/(MW-hr) 0.61 0.61 0.35
(gas turbine shaft pwr)
lbm/hr 10.09 10.23 5.86
2 21537 HP 100.0% Load Elev. 1320 ft Rel. Humidity 60.0% Temperature 20.0 Deg. F
PPMvd at 15% O2 15.00 25.00 25.00
ton/yr 42.42 43.04 24.65
lbm/MMBtu (Fuel LHV) 0.060 0.061 0.035
lbm/(MW-hr) 0.60 0.61 0.35
(gas turbine shaft pwr)
lbm/hr 9.68 9.83 5.63
3 20688 HP 100.0% Load Elev. 1320 ft Rel. Humidity 60.0% Temperature 40.0 Deg. F
PPMvd at 15% O2 15.00 25.00 25.00
ton/yr 40.64 41.23 23.62
lbm/MMBtu (Fuel LHV) 0.060 0.061 0.035
lbm/(MW-hr) 0.60 0.61 0.35
(gas turbine shaft pwr)
lbm/hr 9.28 9.41 5.39
Notes
1. For short-term emission limits such as lbs/hr., Solar recommends using "worst case" anticipated operating
conditions specific to the application and the site conditions. Worst case for one pollutant is not
necessarily the same for another.
2. Solars typical SoLoNOx warranty, for ppm values, is available for greater than 0 deg F or -20 deg C,
and between 50% and 100% load for gas, fuel, and between 65% and 100% load for liquid fuel (except f
or the Centaur 40). An emission warranty for non-SoLoNOx equipment is available for greater than 0 deg
F or -20 deg C and betwee
3. Fuel must meet Solar standard fuel specification ES 9-98. Emissions are based on the attached fuel
composition, or, San Diego natural gas or equivalent.
4. If needed, Solar can provide Product Information Letters to address turbine operation outside typical
warranty ranges, as well as non-warranted emissions of SO2, PM10/2.5, VOC, and formaldehyde.
5. Solar can provide factory testing in San Diego to ensure the actual unit(s) meet the above values within
the tolerances quoted. Pricing and schedule impact will be provided upon request.
6. Any emissions warranty is applicable only for steady-state conditions and does not apply during start-up,
shut-down, malfunction, or transient event.
PREDICTED EMISSION PERFORMANCE
4 19841 HP 100.0% Load Elev. 1320 ft Rel. Humidity 60.0% Temperature 60.0 Deg. F
PPMvd at 15% O2 15.00 25.00 25.00
ton/yr 38.86 39.43 22.58
lbm/MMBtu (Fuel LHV) 0.060 0.061 0.035
lbm/(MW-hr) 0.60 0.61 0.35
(gas turbine shaft pwr)
lbm/hr 8.87 9.00 5.16
5 18440 HP 100.0% Load Elev. 1320 ft Rel. Humidity 60.0% Temperature 80.0 Deg. F
PPMvd at 15% O2 15.00 25.00 25.00
ton/yr 36.41 36.94 21.16
lbm/MMBtu (Fuel LHV) 0.059 0.060 0.034
lbm/(MW-hr) 0.60 0.61 0.35
(gas turbine shaft pwr)
lbm/hr 8.31 8.43 4.83
6 16697 HP 100.0% Load Elev. 1320 ft Rel. Humidity 60.0% Temperature 100.0 Deg. F
PPMvd at 15% O2 15.00 25.00 25.00
ton/yr 33.69 34.18 19.58
lbm/MMBtu (Fuel LHV) 0.059 0.059 0.034
lbm/(MW-hr) 0.62 0.63 0.36
(gas turbine shaft pwr)
lbm/hr 7.69 7.80 4.47
Notes
1. For short-term emission limits such as lbs/hr., Solar recommends using "worst case" anticipated operating
conditions specific to the application and the site conditions. Worst case for one pollutant is not
necessarily the same for another.
2. Solars typical SoLoNOx warranty, for ppm values, is available for greater than 0 deg F or -20 deg C,
and between 50% and 100% load for gas, fuel, and between 65% and 100% load for liquid fuel (except f
or the Centaur 40). An emission warranty for non-SoLoNOx equipment is available for greater than 0 deg
F or -20 deg C and betwee
3. Fuel must meet Solar standard fuel specification ES 9-98. Emissions are based on the attached fuel
composition, or, San Diego natural gas or equivalent.
4. If needed, Solar can provide Product Information Letters to address turbine operation outside typical
warranty ranges, as well as non-warranted emissions of SO2, PM10/2.5, VOC, and formaldehyde.
5. Solar can provide factory testing in San Diego to ensure the actual unit(s) meet the above values within
the tolerances quoted. Pricing and schedule impact will be provided upon request.
6. Any emissions warranty is applicable only for steady-state conditions and does not apply during start-up,
shut-down, malfunction, or transient event.
PREDICTED ENGINE PERFORMANCE
Customer Model
TITAN 130-22402S
Millenium Pipeline Package Type
CS/MD
Job ID Match
Highland 59F MATCH
Run By Date Run Fuel System
Nima Bahrami 14-Apr-16 GAS
Engine Performance Code Engine Performance Data Fuel Type
REV. 4.17.1.19.11 REV. 0.0 CHOICE GAS
1 2 3 4 5 6
Engine Inlet Temperature deg F 0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0
Relative Humidity % 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0
Driven Equipment Speed RPM 8856 8856 8844 8738 8544 8284
Engine Exhaust Flow lbm/hr 458609 445904 432581 418879 396184 368082
PT Exit Temperature deg F 906 912 919 927 942 964
Exhaust Temperature deg F 906 912 919 927 942 964
This performance was calculated with a basic inlet and exhaust system. Special equipment such as low
noise silencers, special filters, heat recovery systems or cooling devices will affect engine performance.
Performance shown is "Expected" performance at the pressure drops stated, not guaranteed.
Solar Turbines Incorporated Product Information Letter 167
PIL 167
Product Information Letter
SoLoNOx Products:
Emissions in Non-SoLoNOx Modes
Leslie Witherspoon
Solar Turbines Incorporated
PURPOSE
Solars gas turbine dry low NOx emissions combustion systems, known as SoLoNOx,
have been developed to provide the lowest emissions possible during normal operating
conditions. In order to optimize the performance of the turbine, the combustion and fuel
systems are designed to reduce NOx, CO and unburned hydrocarbons (UHC) without
penalizing stability or transient capabilities. At very low load and cold temperature
extremes, the SoLoNOx system must be controlled differently in order to assure stable
operation. The required adjustments to the turbine controls at these conditions cause
emissions to increase.
The purpose of this Product Information Letter is to provide emissions estimates, and in
some cases warrantable emissions for NOx, CO and UHC, at off-design conditions.
Historically, regulatory agencies have not required a specific emissions level to be met at
low load or cold ambient operating conditions, but have asked what emissions levels are
expected. The expected values are necessary to appropriately estimate emissions for
annual emissions inventory purposes and for New Source Review applicability
determinations, air dispersion modeling, and permitting.
Table 3 summarizes expected emissions levels for ambient temperatures below 20F
(29C) for the Titan 250.
Table 3. Expected Emissions below 20F (29C) for the Titan 250 SoLoNOx
Combustion Turbine (NOx ppm values corrected to 15% O2.)
Turbine Applicable NOx, CO, UHC,
Fuel System Fuel
Model Load ppm ppm ppm
Titan 250 Gas Only Gas 40 to 100% load 70 150 50
The estimates in Table 4 apply for any product for gas only or dual fuel systems using
pipeline quality natural gas. Refer to Product Information Letter 205 for Mercury 50
emissions estimates.
PURPOSE
This Product Information Letter summarizes methods that are available to estimate emissions of volatile
organic compounds (VOC), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and formaldehyde from gas turbines. Emissions esti-
mates of these pollutants are often necessary during the air permitting process.
INTRODUCTION
In absence of site-specific or representative source test data, Solar refers customers to a United States
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) document titled AP-42 or other appropriate EPA reference
documents. AP-42 is a collection of emission factors for different emission sources. The emission factors
found in AP-42 provide a generally accepted way of estimating emissions when more representative data
are not available. The most recent version of AP-42 (dated April 2000) can be found at:
http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42/ch03/index.html
Solar does not typically warranty the emission rates for VOC, SO2 or formaldehyde.
For natural gas fuel, Solars customers use 10-20% of the UHC emission rate to represent VOC emis-
sions. The estimate of 10-20% is based on a ratio of total non-methane hydrocarbons to total organic
compounds. The use of 10-20% provides a conservative estimate of VOC emissions. The balance of the
UHC is assumed to be primarily methane.
For liquid fuel, it is appropriate to estimate that 100% of the UHC emission estimate is VOC.
Sulfur Dioxide
Sulfur dioxide emissions are produced by conversion of sulfur in the fuel to SO2. Since Solar does not
control the amount of sulfur in the fuel, we are unable to predict SO2 emissions without a site fuel compo-
sition analysis. Customers generally estimate SO2 emissions with a mass balance calculation by assum-
ing that any sulfur in the fuel will convert to SO2. For reference, the typical mass balance equation is
shown below.
1
PIL 168, Revision 5 8 July 2015
Caterpillar: Confidential Green
2015 Solar Turbines Incorporated
Caterpillar Confidential Green: Information contained herein is to be treated as Confidential and Proprietary to Caterpillar.
Solar Turbines Incorporated Product Information Letter 168
As an alternative to the mass balance calculation, EPAs AP-42 document can be used. AP-42 (Table
3.1-2a, April 2000) suggests emission factors of 0.0034 lb/MMBtu for gas fuel (HHV) and 0.033 lb/MMBtu
for liquid fuel (HHV).
Formaldehyde
In gas turbines, formaldehyde emissions are a result of incomplete combustion. Formaldehyde in the ex-
haust stream is unstable and very difficult to measure. In addition to turbine characteristics including
combustor design, size, maintenance history, and load profile, the formaldehyde emission level is also
affected by:
x Ambient temperature
x Humidity
x Atmospheric pressure
x Fuel quality
x Formaldehyde concentration in the ambient air
x Test method measurement variability
x Operational factors
The emission factor data in Table 1 is an excerpt from an EPA memo: Revised HAP Emission Factors for
Stationary Combustion Turbines, 8/22/03. The memo presents hazardous air pollutant (HAP) emission
factor data in several categories including: mean, median, maximum, and minimum. The emission fac-
tors in the memo are a compilation of the HAP data EPA collected during the Maximum Achievable Con-
trol Technology (MACT) standard development process. The emission factor documentation shows there
is a high degree of variability in formaldehyde emissions from gas turbines, depending on the manufac-
turer, rating size of equipment, combustor design, and testing events. To estimate formaldehyde emis-
sions from gas turbines, users should use the emission factor(s) that best represent the gas turbines ac-
tual / planned operating profile. Refer to EPAs memo for alternative emission factors.
Table 1. EPAs Total HAP and Formaldehyde Emission Factors for <50 MW Lean-Premix
Gas Turbines burning Natural Gas
(Source: Revised HAP Emission Factors for Stationary Combustion Turbines, OAR-2002-0060, IV-B-09, 8/22/03)
Cat and Caterpillar are registered trademarks of Caterpillar Inc. Solar, Saturn, Centaur, Taurus, Mercury, Mars, Titan, SoLoNOx,
Turbotronic, InSight System, and InSight Connect, are trademarks of Solar Turbines Incorporated. All other trademarks are the intel-
lectual property of their respective companies.
2015 Solar Turbines Incorporated. All rights reserved. Specifications are subject to change without notice.
PIL 170
Product Information Letter
PURPOSE
The purpose of this Product Information Letter (PIL) is to provide emission estimates for
start-up and shutdown events for Solar gas turbines with SoLoNOx dry low emissions
combustion systems. The commissioning process is also discussed.
INTRODUCTION
The information presented in this document is representative for both generator set (GS)
and compressor set/mechanical drive (CS/MD) combustion turbine applications.
Operation of duct burners and/or any add-on control equipment is not accounted for in
the emissions estimates. Emissions related to the start-up, shutdown, and
commissioning of combustion turbines will not be guaranteed or warranted.
Combustion turbine start-up occurs in one of three modes: cold, warm, or hot. On large,
utility size, combustion turbines, the start-up time varies by the mode. The start-up
duration for a hot, warm, or cold Solar turbine is less than 10 minutes in simple-cycle and
most combined heat and power applications.
Heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) steam pressure is usually 250 psig or less. At
250 psig or less, thermal stress within the HRSG is minimized and, therefore, firing ramp-
up is not limited. However, some combined heat and power plant applications will desire
or dictate longer start-up times, therefore emissions assuming a 60-minute start are also
estimated.
A typical shutdown for a Solar turbine is <10 minutes. Emissions estimates for an
elongated shutdown, 30-minutes, are also included.
Start-up and shutdown emissions estimates for the Mercury 50 engine are found in PIL
205.
For start-up and shutdown emissions estimates for conventional combustion turbines,
landfill gas, digester gas, or other alternative fuel applications, contact Solars
Environmental Programs Department.
START-UP SEQUENCE
The start-up sequence, or getting to SoLoNOx combustion mode, takes three steps:
1. Purge-crank
2. Ignition and acceleration to idle
3. Loading / thermal stabilization
During the purge-crank step, rotation of the turbine shaft is accomplished with a starter
motor to remove any residual fuel gas in the engine flow path and exhaust. During
ignition and acceleration to idle, fuel is introduced into the combustor and ignited in a
diffusion flame mode and the engine rotor is accelerated to idle speed.
The third step consists of applying up to 50% load 1 while allowing the combustion flame
to transition and stabilize. Once 50% load is achieved, the turbine transitions to SoLoNOx
combustion mode and the engine control system begins to hold the combustion primary
zone temperature and limit pilot fuel to achieve the targeted nitrogen oxides (NOx),
carbon monoxide (CO), and unburned hydrocarbons (UHC) emission levels.
Steps 2 and 3 are short-term transient conditions making up less than 10 minutes.
SHUTDOWN PROCESS
Normal, planned cool down/shutdown duration varies by engine model. The Centaur 40,
Centaur 50, Taurus 60, and Taurus 65 engines take about 5 minutes. The Taurus 70,
Mars 90 and Mars 100, Titan 130 and Titan 250 engines take about 10 minutes.
Typically, once the shutdown process starts, the emissions will remain in SoLoNOx mode
for approximately 90 seconds and move into a transitional mode for the balance of the
estimated shutdown time (assuming the unit was operating at full-load).
COMMISSIONING EMISSIONS
Commissioning generally takes place over a two-week period. Static testing, where no
combustion occurs, usually requires one week and no emissions are expected. Dynamic
testing, where combustion will occur, will see the engine start and shutdown a number of
times and a variety of loads will be placed on the system. It is impossible to predict how
long the turbine will run and in what combustion / emissions mode it will be running. The
dynamic testing period is generally followed by one to two days of tune-up during which
the turbine is running at various loads, most likely within low emissions mode (warranted
emissions range).
140% load for the Titan 250 engine on natural gas. 65% load for all engines on liquid fuel (except
80% load for the Centaur 40).
Table 1. Estimation of Start-up and Shutdown Emissions (lbs/event) for SoLoNOx Generator Set Applications
10 Minute Start-up and 10 Minute Shutdown
Natural Gas Fuel
Table 2. Estimation of Start-up and Shutdown Emissions (lbs/event) for SoLoNOx Generator Set Applications
60 Minute Start-up and 30 Minute Shutdown
Natural Gas Fuel
Table 3. Estimation of Start-up and Shutdown Emissions (lbs/event) for SoLoNOx CS/MD Applications
10 Minute Start-up and 10 Minute Shutdown
Natural Gas Fuel
Total Emissions per Start (lbs) 0.7 64.4 3.7 392 0.8 69.1 4.0 469 0.7 64.3 3.7 410
Total Emissions per Shutdown (lbs) 0.3 30.2 1.7 181 0.4 35.4 2.0 217 0.4 33.0 1.9 204
Taurus 70 10802S Mars 90 13002S CSMD Mars 100 16002S CSMD Titan 130 20502S Titan 250 30002S
NOx CO UHC CO2 NOx CO UHC CO2 NOx CO UHC CO2 NOx CO UHC CO2 NOx CO UHC CO2
(lbs) (lbs) (lbs) (lbs) (lbs) (lbs) (lbs) (lbs) (lbs) (lbs) (lbs) (lbs) (lbs) (lbs) (lbs) (lbs) (lbs) (lbs) (lbs) (lbs)
Total Emissions per Start (lbs) 0.9 83.6 4.8 582 1.2 109.3 6.2 805 1.4 123.5 7.1 829 1.9 176.9 10.1 1,161 2.6 26.2 1.7 1,794
Total Emissions per Shutdown (lbs) 1.3 108.2 6.2 665 1.5 132.6 7.6 817 1.7 149.2 8.5 920 2.4 207.6 11.9 1,272 2.9 19.1 1.4 1,918
Table 4. Estimation of Start-up and Shutdown Emissions (lbs/event) for SoLoNOx Generator Set
10 Minute Start-up and 10 Minute Shutdown
Liquid Fuel (Diesel #2)
Table 5. Estimation of Start-up and Shutdown Emissions (lbs/event) for SoLoNOx Generator Set
60 Minute Start-up and 30 Minute Shutdown
Liquid Fuel (Diesel #2)
REMARKS:
CYL #1000
TOTAL 100.000
ETHANE + GPM: 0.518
MOL WEIGHT: 16.35 PROPANE + GPM: 0.016
BTU/LB: 23715.3 ISO-PENTANE + GPM: 0.000
COMPRESSIBILITY FACTOR: 0.9979
SPECIFIC GRAVITY @ 60 DEG. F. (AIR = 1): 0.566
BTU/CUFT. (REAL) 60 DEG.F. - PSIA: 14.650 14.696 14.730 15.025
DRY: 1021.3 1024.5 1026.9 1047.4
SAT: 1003.4 1006.6 1009.0 1029.6
REVIEWED BY:
This document shall not be reproduced, except in full, without the written approval of Element Materials Technology.
2129 WEST WILLOW SCOTT LA 70583 337-232-3568
DATE: 08/27/15
SAMPLE IDENTIFICATION
COMPANY: COLUMBIA PIPELINE GROUP SAMPLE DATE: 08/20/15
FIELD: N/P (381316)
LEASE: MINISINK C.S.
STA #: CS-7C4175
PAGE 1
This document shall not be reproduced, except in full, without the written approval of Element Materials Technology.
CAPILLARY ANALYSIS - METHOD GPA 2286-95
COMPONENTS AS % OF TOTAL SAMPLE
MOL WT.
COMPONENT PERCENT PERCENT
PAGE 2
This document shall not be reproduced, except in full, without the written approval of Element Materials Technology.
CAPILLARY ANALYSIS - METHOD GPA 2286-95
COMPONENTS AS % OF TOTAL SAMPLE
MOL WT.
COMPONENT PERCENT PERCENT
PAGE 3
This document shall not be reproduced, except in full, without the written approval of Element Materials Technology.
CAPILLARY ANALYSIS - METHOD GPA 2286-95
COMPONENTS AS % OF TOTAL SAMPLE
MOL WT.
COMPONENT PERCENT PERCENT
PAGE 4
This document shall not be reproduced, except in full, without the written approval of Element Materials Technology.
CAPILLARY ANALYSIS - METHOD GPA 2286-95
COMPONENTS AS % OF TOTAL SAMPLE
MOL WT.
COMPONENT PERCENT PERCENT
PAGE 5
This document shall not be reproduced, except in full, without the written approval of Element Materials Technology.
CAPILLARY ANALYSIS - METHOD GPA 2286-95
COMPONENTS AS % OF TOTAL SAMPLE
MOL WT.
COMPONENT PERCENT PERCENT
PAGE 6
This document shall not be reproduced, except in full, without the written approval of Element Materials Technology.
APPENDIX C
ELECTRONIC AIR QUALITY
MODELING FILES
July 15, 2016
On behalf of Millennium Pipeline Company, LLC (Millennium) TRC is submitting the enclosed
Title V Permit application. Millennium has contracted TRC to prepare this application for the
existing Hancock Compressor Station located in the Town of Hancock, Delaware County, NY. The
Project will be constructed on the existing property of the currently permitted Hancock
Compressor Station and will consist of the following emission units:
One new Solar Titan 130-22402S, 22,400 HP (ISO) natural gas fired turbinedriven
compressor unit;
One new Waukesha VGF48GL (1,230 hp) natural gas fired emergency generator;
One new 1.2 MMBtu/hr heat input natural gas fired fuel gas heater; and
One new 1,500 gallon oil storage tank
The enclosed application document includes all the technical support information, NYSDEC air
permit application forms, backup engineering calculations, an air quality impact assessment and
associated air modeling files. A PDF of this complete submittal also will be sent via email.
Please direct any technical questions on this application and supporting documentation to me at
email tmain@trcsolutions.com or by telephone at 201-508-6960.
Sincerely,
TRC
Theodore Main
Permitting Project Manager
Prepared for:
Prepared by:
July 2016
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Page
1.0 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 1-1
1.1 Project Overview ................................................................................................ 1-1
1.2 Application Summary ........................................................................................ 1-1
2.0 Project Description................................................................................................ 2-1
2.1 Site Location and Surroundings ........................................................................ 2-1
2.2 Existing Facility Description and Emission Potential ...................................... 2-1
2.3 Facility Conceptual Design ................................................................................2-2
2.3.1 Compressor Turbine ................................................................................. 2-4
2.3.2 Ancillary Equipment .................................................................................. 2-5
2.4 Fuel ................................................................................................................... 2-6
2.5 Fugitive Emissions and Tanks.......................................................................... 2-6
2.6 Proposed Project Emission Potential ................................................................ 2-7
3.0 Applicable Requirements and Required Analyses ............................................... 3-1
3.1 Federal New Source Performance Standards ................................................... 3-1
3.1.1 40 CFR Part 60, Subpart A General Provisions ......................................... 3-1
3.1.2 40 CFR Part 60 Subpart Kb - Volatile Organic Liquid Storage Vessels
(Including Petroleum Liquid Storage Vessels) ........................................................ 3-1
3.1.3 40 CFR Part 60, Subpart JJJJ Spark Ignition Internal Combustion
Engines 3-2
3.1.4 40 CFR Part 60, Subpart KKKK Stationary Combustion Turbines .......3-2
3.1.5 40 CFR 60, Subparts OOOO and OOOOa Crude Oil and Natural Gas
Production, Transmission and Distribution ............................................................3-3
3.2 Nonattainment New Source Review .................................................................3-3
3.3 Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) .................................................3-4
3.4 Title V Operating Permit and State Operating Permit Programs ..................... 3-5
3.4.1 Exempt and Trivial Sources ....................................................................... 3-5
3.5 National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants ............................3-6
3.5.1 40 CFR Part 63 Subpart HHH (National Emission Standards for Hazardous
Air Pollutants from Natural Gas Transmission and Storage Facilities) ..................3-6
3.5.2 40 CFR Part 63 Subpart YYYY (National Emission Standards for Hazardous
Air Pollutants for Stationary Combustion Turbines) ............................................... 3-7
3.5.3 40 CFR Part 63 Subpart ZZZZ (National Emission Standards for Hazardous
Air Pollutants for Stationary Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines) .......... 3-7
3.5.4 40 CFR Part 63 Subpart DDDDD (National Emission Standards for
Hazardous Air Pollutants for Major Sources: Industrial, Commercial, and
Institutional Boilers and Process Heaters) .............................................................. 3-7
3.6 New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Regulations ..... 3-7
4.0 Air Quality Modeling Analysis .............................................................................. 4-1
4.1 Background Ambient Air Quality ...................................................................... 4-1
4.2 Modeling Methodology .....................................................................................4-3
4.2.1 Model Selection ..........................................................................................4-3
ii
4.2.2 Urban/Rural Area Analysis........................................................................4-3
4.2.3 Good Engineering Practice Stack Height ................................................. 4-4
4.2.4 Meteorological Data ...................................................................................4-5
4.3 Receptor Grid ................................................................................................... 4-6
4.3.1 Basic Grid .................................................................................................. 4-6
4.3.2 Property Line Receptors ........................................................................... 4-6
4.4 Selection of Sources for Modeling ..................................................................... 4-7
4.4.1 Emission Rates and Exhaust Parameters .................................................. 4-7
4.5 Maximum Modeled Facility Concentrations .................................................. 4-10
4.6 Toxic Ambient Air Contaminant Analysis ...................................................... 4-11
4.7 Modeling Data Files ......................................................................................... 4-12
4.8 References........................................................................................................ 4-12
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF APPENDICES
iii
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. (Millennium) currently owns and operates the
Hancock Compressor Station located in Delaware County, New York. The Hancock
Compressor Station (CS) is a natural gas transmission facility covered by Standard
Industrial Classification (SIC) 4922. The Hancock CS is an existing non-major facility
that was constructed under and operates according to NYSDEC Air State Facility Permit
ID: 4-1236-00708/00001.
The Hancock Compressor Station is an existing minor stationary source (as defined under
the Prevention of Significant Deterioration of Air Quality [PSD] and Title V rules) located
in Delaware County, New York. As demonstrated in Section 3 of this application, the
proposed project is not subject to PSD requirements.
The Project will be located in the town of Hancock, Delaware County, which is part of the
Southern Tier East Intrastate Air Quality Control Region in New York State. Delaware
County is considered attainment or unclassifiable for all criteria pollutants including
ozone and fine particulate matter (PM2.5). However, because New York State is part of
the Northeast Ozone Transport region, the Project area is considered moderate non-
attainment for ozone.
Appendix A of this Title V application contains the NYSDEC application forms and a
completed Professional Engineer Certification Form. Emission calculation spreadsheets
providing supporting calculations for the application forms are included as Appendix B
of this application.
The existing Hancock Compressor Station, as shown in Figures 2-1 and 2-2, is located in
a rural area in the town of Hancock, Delaware County, New York. The site is currently
developed, consisting of components of the existing Hancock Compressor Station.
The approximate Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) coordinates of the facility are:
488,200 meters east and 4,636,900 meters north in Zone 18 (North American Datum of
1983(NAD83)).
Air emissions from the existing facility are permitted under NYSDEC Air State Facility
Permit ID: 4-1236-00708/00001, which became effective on March 18, 2013. The facility
wide potentialtoemit of the Hancock compressor station is as summarized in the
following Table 2-1.
Individual HAP(5) - -
0.42 0.10 0.52
Based on the potential emissions above, the Hancock Station is currently a minor source
with respect to the Title V permitting program established under 6 NYCRR 2016 and the
major source definition per 6 NYCRR 201 2.1(b)(21). Existing permitted emission units
at the Hancock compressor station include a single Solar Mars 100 natural gas fired
turbine with an ISO rating of 15,900 hp.
In addition to the permitted emission unit described above, several exempt emission units
are located at the Hancock compressor station. These exempt sources include natural
gasfired sources with heat inputs less than 10 million British thermal units per hour
(MMBtu/hr) (i.e., one natural gasfired Waukesha VGF36GL emergency generator with a
heat input of 7.47 mmBtu/hr). In addition, the existing natural gas liquids
filter/separators and associated waste liquids storage tank (4,000 gallon) are typical for
natural gas compressor stations, which may receive small amounts of condensate from
upstream natural gas supply and where pipeline cleaning activities may result in residual
condensate collection.
Lastly, existing emissions include trivial station blowdowns consisting of two types of gas
blowdown events that could occur at the Station: (1) a type of maintenance gas blowdown
that could occur when a compressor is stopped and gas between the suction/discharge
valves and compressors is vented to the atmosphere via a blowdown vent, and (2) an
emergency shutdown (ESD) that would only occur at required U.S. Department of
Transportation (DOT) test intervals or in an emergency situation.
As a part of the Eastern System Upgrade project, Millennium is proposing to install the
following new equipment at the Hancock compressor station:
The installation of the above equipment will increase the number of piping components
at the station which could result in additional fugitive emissions due to equipment leaks.
The new Waukesha (1,230 hp) emergency generator has a four stroke, lean burn, natural
gasfired stationary reciprocating internal combustion engine. The proposed emergency
generator will be installed to meet site wide emergency electrical demands as a result of
the Eastern System Upgrade project and will be operated only during normal testing,
maintenance, and emergency situations. Per 6 NYCRR 2013.2(c)(6), emergency power
generating stationary internal combustion engines, as defined in section 200.1(vq) of this
Title are exempt sources. As such, this generator is an exempt source. Further, the engine
will meet the definition of emergency stationary internal combustion engine per 40 CFR
60.4248 and will comply with the requirements for operating emergency engines in 40
CFR 60.4243(d).
Millennium is proposing to install one natural gas fired fuel gas heater, with a rated heat
input capacity of 1.2 MMBtu/hr. Per 6 NYCRR 2013.2(c)(1)(i), stationary combustion
installations with a maximum rated heat input capacity less than 10 MMBtu/hr burning
fuels other than coal or wood are exempt from permitting. As such, the heater is an
exempt source. Sitewide potential fugitive emissions may also increase due to the
installation of the new equipment. Typical sources of fugitive emissions from natural gas
compressor stations include leaks from piping components (valves, flanges, connectors
and openended lines) as well as potential gas release events.
Millennium has provided fugitive emissions estimates for VOC and greenhouse gas
(GHG) emissions. Estimates of fugitive emissions are required to be included in Title V
permit applications, per 6 NYCRR 2016.2(d)(3)(ii). Existing storage tanks will not be
physically modified with the project and potential emissions from these emission sources
will not increase as a result of the project. However, there may be associated increases in
actual emissions from these sources which are accounted for in the NSR applicability
calculations for the project.
The proposed Solar Titan 130E natural gas-fired turbine to be installed at the Hancock
Compressor Station will be equipped with Solars SoLoNOx dry low NOx combustor
technology for NOx control. Emissions for the Solar Turbine assumes that the unit will
operate up to 8,760 hours per year and up to 100% rated output. The vendor provided
emission rates for normal operating conditions are as follows (all emissions rates are in
terms of parts per million dry volume (ppmvd) @ 15% O2):
15 ppmvd NOx;
25 ppmvd CO;
25 ppmvd unburned hydrocarbons (UHC); and
5 ppmvd VOC.
Depending upon demand, the turbine may operate at loads ranging from 50% to 100% of
full capacity. Because of the different emission rates and exhaust characteristics that
occur at different loads and ambient temperatures, a matrix of operating modes is
presented in this air permit application. Emission parameters for three turbine loads
(50%, 75%, and 100%) and six ambient temperatures (0oF, 20oF, 40oF, 60oF, 80oF and
100oF) are accounted for in this air permit application to cover the range of steady-state
turbine operations.
At very low load and cold temperature extremes, the turbine system must be controlled
differently in order to assure stable operation. The required adjustments to the turbine
controls at these conditions cause emissions of NOx, CO and VOC to increase (emission
rates of other pollutants are unchanged). Low-load operation (non-normal SoLoNOx
operation) of the turbines is expected to occur only during periods of startup and
shutdown and for maintenance or unforeseen emergency events. Solar has provided
emissions estimates during start-up and shutdown and low load operation (see Solar
Product Information Letter (PIL) 170, included as part of the vendor attachments in
Appendix B). The annual hours of operation during low load operation was assumed to
be not more than 10 hours per year.
Similarly, Solar has provided emission estimates for low temperature operation (inlet
combustion air temperature less than 0 F and greater than -20 F). Table 3.1 provides
estimated pre-control emissions from the turbines at low temperature conditions.
120 ppmvd NOx;
150 ppmvd CO;
50 ppmvd unburned hydrocarbons (UHC); and
Millennium reviewed historic meteorological data from the previous five years for the
region to estimate the worst case number of hours per year under sub-zero (less than 0
F) conditions. The annual hours of operation during sub-zero conditions was assumed to
be not more than 120 hours per year.
Turbine emission rates during start-up and shutdown events increase for NOx, CO and
VOC as compared to operating above 50% load. The start-up process for the Solar Titan
130E turbine takes approximately 10 minutes from the initiation of start-up to normal
operation (equal to or greater than 50% load). Shutdown takes approximately 10
minutes. Millennium has estimated there would be 100 start-up/shutdown events per
year. Emissions per start- up and shutdown event for the turbine were estimated based
on Table 3 from the Solar PIL 170 entitled Emission Estimates at Start-up, Shutdown,
and Commissioning for SoLoNOx Combustion Products. Appendix B contains these per-
event emission calculations for start- up and shutdown and the associated Solar PIL 170.
Millennium is proposing to install a new Waukesha VGF48GL (1,230 hp) four stroke lean
burn natural gas fired emergency generator. The emergency generator will operate for no
more than 500 hours/year, and therefore meets the definition of an emergency power
generating stationary internal combustion engine under 6 NYCRR 200.1(cq). As
previously indicated, the generator is an exempt source per 6 NYCRR 2013.2(c)(6),
however the potential emissions for this new unit are included for NSR and Title V
applicability purposes. Maximum hourly and annual emission rates for the emergency
generator are provided in Appendix B. Emissions of NOx, CO, and VOC are based on
regulatory limits under New Source Performance Standard (NSPS) Subpart JJJJ.
Emission rates for SO2, particulates, and HAPs are based on US EPA AP-42 emission
factors (Table 3.2-2). GHG emissions are based on 40 CFR Part 98 Tables A-1, C-1, and
C-2. The emission rates are based on the emergency generator operating at peak load.
Millennium is proposing to install one new 1.2 MMBtu/hr (heat input) natural gas heater.
Appendix B provides information on the emission factors used to calculate emissions
from the heater. As previously indicated, the heater is an exempt source per 6 NYCRR
2013.2(c)(1)(i), however the potential emissions for this new unit are included for NSR
and Title V applicability purposes.
The Hancock Station will utilize pipeline natural gas as the sole fuel for all proposed
equipment. The natural gas is assumed to have a higher heating value (HHV) of
approximately 1,024.5 Btu/standard cubic foot (SCF) and will contain no more than 2.0
grains of sulfur per 100 SCF of gas on an annual average basis.
Fugitive emissions are defined as those emissions which do not pass through a stack, vent,
or other functionally equivalent opening, and include natural gas leaks from valves,
flanges, pumps, compressors, seals, connections, etc. Vented emissions are defined as
those emissions which pass through a stack, vent, or equivalent opening. A compressor
may be vented for startup, shutdown, maintenance, or for protection of gas seals from
contamination. An individual compressor or the entire station may be blown down (i.e.,
vented) for testing, or in the event of an emergency.
Fugitive emissions at natural gas compressor stations include leaks from piping
components (valves, flanges, connectors and openended lines) as well as potential gas
release events. The vast majority of gas release events are associated with startup,
shutdown, or maintenance activities. Millennium has provided fugitive emissions
estimates for VOC and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Appendix B. The calculations
in Appendix B are based on a methodology described in Interstate Natural Gas
Association of America guidelines and a recent analysis of a Millennium Pipeline natural
gas sample, which is also included in Appendix B. The calculations for operational vented
natural gas conservatively assume that the Hancock Station will conduct two full-station
blowdowns per year. Estimates of fugitive emissions are required to be included in Title
V permit applications, per 6 NYCRR 2016.2(d)(3)(ii).
Existing tanks at the Hancock Station may have associated emissions increases due to the
proposed project; however, the associated tanks will not be physically modified with the
project. Flashing losses occur when the pressure of a liquid is decreased or the
temperature is increased. At Hancock, flashing losses occur at the pipeline waste liquids
storage tank and include VOCs and GHGs. Total flashing losses are calculated based on
a flash gas rate and a representative flash gas density. The flash gas rate is calculated
based on a liquids input rate and a flash factor. Emissions of individual VOCs and GHGs
are calculated from total flashing losses using a representative pipeline liquids
compositions. The details of the calculations are provided in Appendix B.
Table 2-2 presents project emission potentials from the new and modified units to be
installed as a part of the proposed modifications at Hancock. For new units, project
emission potential is equal to potentials to emit. For modified and existing units, the
project emission potential equals the potential emissions of the unit minus baseline actual
emissions. Per 6 NYCRR 2314.1(b)(41)(ii), potential emissions are used in place of
projected actual emissions. For the existing, unmodified units with associated emission
increases, project emission potential may be calculated as projected actual emissions
minus baseline actual emissions. However, project emission potential is conservatively
set equal to potential emissions. Detailed emission calculations can be found in Appendix
B of this permit application.
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This section contains an analysis of the applicability of federal and state air quality
regulations to the proposed project. The specific regulations included in this applicability
review are the Federal New Source Performance Standards (NSPS), Prevention of
Significant Deterioration (PSD) and Non-Attainment New Source Review (NNSR)
requirements, Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT) requirements for
HAPs, and NYSDEC Regulations and Policy.
The 40 CFR 60 NSPS are technology-based standards that apply to new and modified
stationary sources. The 40 CFR 60 NSPS requirements have been established for
approximately 70 source categories. The proposed project is subject to the following four
subparts: General Provisions (40 CFR Part 60, Subpart A), Standards of Performance for
Stationary Spark Ignition Internal Combustion Engines (40 CFR Part 60, Subpart JJJJ),
Standards of Performance for Stationary Combustion Turbines (40 CFR Part 60, Subpart
KKKK), and the Standards of Performance for Oil and Natural Gas Sector: Emission
Standards for New, Reconstructed, and Modified Sources (40 CFR Part 60, Subpart
OOOOa.
The new Titan 130E turbine is subject to the general provisions for NSPS units in 40 CFR
Part 60 Subpart A. These include the requirements for notification, record keeping, and
performance testing contained in 40 CFR Parts 60.7 and 60.8.
Subpart Kb potentially applies to storage vessels with a capacity greater than 75 cubic
meters (m3) (19,813 gallons) that will store volatile organic liquids. Tanks with a capacity
greater than 75 m3 are not proposed to be constructed, reconstructed, or modified at
Hancock. Therefore, this subpart will not apply.
On January 18, 2008, the USEPA promulgated NSPS Subpart JJJJ for new stationary
spark-ignited (SI) internal combustion engines (ICE). Under NSPS Subpart JJJJ, all new,
modified, and reconstructed stationary SI engines, both emergency and non-emergency,
are covered regardless of size and fuel type. Owners/operators have several options to
demonstrate compliance with Subpart JJJJ. The rule allows compliance to be
demonstrated by purchase of a certified engine or a non-certified engine and an initial
performance test. The performance test for a non-certified engine must show compliance
with applicable emission limits of:
If the spark-ignition engine is a non-certified engine, the owner/operator has the option
of complying with the emissions standards in either set of units.
On July 6, 2006, the USEPA promulgated Subpart KKKK to establish emission standards
and compliance schedules for the control of emissions from new stationary combustion
turbines that commence construction, modification, or reconstruction after February 18,
2005. Note that stationary combustion turbines regulated under Subpart KKKK are
exempt from Subpart GG requirements, which are applicable to units constructed,
modified, or reconstructed prior to February 18, 2005.
Pursuant to 40 CFR 60.4305(a), the new Solar gas turbine is subject to requirements of
40 CFR 60 Subpart KKKK, because the heat input at peak load will be greater than or
equal to 10 MMBtu/hr (HHV) and Millennium will have commenced the construction or
modification of the turbine after February 18, 2005. Pursuant to 40 CFR 60.4320(a) and
Table 1 to Subpart KKKK of Part 60 Nitrogen Oxide Emission Limits for New Stationary
Combustion Turbines, the new gas turbine, which will have HHV heat inputs of between
50 and 850 MMBtu/hr, will comply with a NOx emission standard of 25 ppm at 15 percent
O2 or 1.2 lb/MWh useful output as indicated by the vendor guarantee shown in Appendix
B. Subpart KKKK also includes a NOx limit of 150 ppmvd at 15% O2 or 8.7 lb/MWh for
turbine operation at temperatures less than 0F and turbine operation at loads less than
75 % of peak load which the new turbine will meet as indicated by the vendor guarantee
3.1.5 40 CFR 60, Subparts OOOO and OOOOa Crude Oil and Natural Gas
Production, Transmission and Distribution
Based on the effective date of August 2, 2016 for the new Subpart, this project will be
required to comply with the requirements of NSPS Subpart OOOOa. While storage tanks
remain covered, Subpart OOOOa also includes provisions intended to reduce emissions
from compressors and equipment leaks at compressor stations. For equipment leaks,
Subpart OOOOa proposes requiring periodic surveys using optical gas imaging (OGI)
technology and subsequent repair of any identified leaks. The project will comply with all
applicable leak detection provisions of proposed Subpart OOOOa.
Preconstruction air permitting programs that regulate the construction of new stationary
sources of air pollution and the modification of existing stationary sources are commonly
referred to as NSR. NSR can be divided into major NSR and minor NSR. Major NSR is
comprised of the Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD). Major NSR requirements
are established on a federal level but may be implemented by state or local permitting
authorities under either a delegation agreement with USEPA or as a SIP program
approved by USEPA. NYSDEC administers its major NSR permitting program through 6
NYCRR Part 231, which establishes preconstruction, construction, and operation
requirements for new and modified sources. The Hancock Compressor Station is not
classified as one of the 28 named source categories listed in Section 169 of the Clean Air
Act. Therefore, to be considered a major stationary source, the facility would need to
have potential emissions of 250 tons per year or more of any regulated pollutant (except
CO2). The final PSD and Title V GHG Tailoring Rule was published in the Federal Register
on June 3, 2010 (75 FR 31514) but was ultimately overturned on June 23, 2014 by the US
Supreme Court. Under the formerly effective rule, GHGs could, as of July 1, 2011, become
subject to regulation under the PSD program for construction projects that would result
in potential GHG emissions of 100,000 tons per year (tpy) carbon dioxide equivalents
(CO2e) or more. However, the June 23, 2014 Supreme Court Decision clarifies that
construction projects cannot trigger major NSR for GHGs unless major NSR is otherwise
triggered for criteria pollutants.
The Title V permit program in 40 CFR Part 70 requires major sources of air pollutants to
obtain federal operating permits. The major source thresholds under the Title V program,
as defined in 40 CFR 70.2 and which are different from the federal NSR major source
thresholds, are 100 tpy of any air pollutant, 10 tpy of any single hazardous air pollutant
(HAP), or 25 tpy of total HAPs. More stringent Title V major source thresholds apply for
VOC and NOx in ozone nonattainment areas, namely 50 tpy of VOC or NOx in areas
defined as serious, 25 tpy in areas defined as severe, and 10 tpy in areas classified as
extreme.
The State of New Yorks Title V Operating Permit Program is administered through a
USEPA-approved program at 6 NYCRR 201-6. NYSDEC also administers a state
operating permit program through 6 NYCRR 201-5 for certain non-Title V facilities that
do not qualify for a minor facility registration under 6 NYCRR Subpart 201-4, including
synthetic minor facilities and facilities with actual emissions greater than fifty percent of
Title V thresholds. Emission sources or activities listed under NYCRR 201-3 are exempt
from the registration and permitting provisions of 6 NYCRR Subparts 201-4, 201-5, and
201-6.
As shown in Table 3-1, potential emissions of CO and CO2e exceed the Title V major
source thresholds of 100 and 100,000 tons per year, respectively. As such, the facility is
subject to Title V permitting requirements for these pollutants.
The emergency generators are considered an exempt activity per 6 NYCRR 201-3.2(c)(6)
as an emergency power generating internal combustion engine. They conform to the
Blowdowns are considered a trivial activity per 6 NYCRR 201-3.3(94) which covers
Emissions of the following pollutants: water vapor, oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen,
inert gases such as argon, helium, neon, krypton and xenon, hydrogen, simple
asphyxiants including methane and propane, trace constituents included in raw materials
or byproducts, where the constituents are less than 1 percent by weight for any regulated
air pollutant, or 0.1 percent by weight for any carcinogen listed by the United States
Department of Health and Human Services' Seventh Annual Report on Carcinogens
(1994). The natural gas composition at the Hancock Station meets the definition in 6
NYCRR 201-3.3 as shown in Appendix B.
The USEPA has established National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants
(NESHAP) for specific pollutants and industries in 40 CFR Part 61. The Project does not
include any of the specific sources for which NESHAP have been established in Part 61.
Therefore, Part 61 NESHAP requirements will not apply to the Project. The USEPA has
also established NESHAP requirements in 40 CFR Part 63 for various source categories.
The Part 63 NESHAP apply to certain emission units at facilities that are major sources
of HAP. The applicability to the Project of several NESHAP rules is discussed below.
Subpart HHH applies to natural gas transmission and storage facilities that are major
sources of HAPs and that transport or store natural gas prior to entering the pipeline to a
local distribution company or to a final end user (if there is no local distribution
company). The Hancock Station is an area source (i.e., not major source) of HAPs.
Therefore, this subpart will not apply because it only applies to major sources.
Subpart DDDDD applies to certain new and existing boilers and process heaters at major
HAP sources. The Hancock Station is an area source (i.e., not major source) of HAPs.
Therefore, this subpart will not apply because it only applies to major sources.
Applicable NYSDEC air regulations and the associated proposed means of project
compliance are identified below:
x Part 200 defines general terms and conditions, requires sources to restrict
emissions, and allows NYSDEC to enforce NSPS, PSD, and National Emission
Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP). Part 200 is a general applicable
requirement; no action is required by the facility.
At the federal level, because the emission increases from the Hancock Station
modifications are less than applicable major source thresholds, Millennium will not
trigger federal NSR requirements for any regulated air pollutant under either PSD or
NNSR permitting programs. At the state level, the Project triggers air permitting through
the NYSDEC as a major Title V facility for CO and GHGs. If the agency considers that any
project triggering minor NSR permitting could threaten attainment with the National
Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQSs) or human health from toxic air pollutant (TAP)
concentrations, NYSDEC can require air dispersion modeling for the Project. A site wide
modeling analysis for criteria pollutants has been performed in accordance with their
impact analysis modeling guidance, Policy DAR10. In addition, a modeling analysis that
addresses TAPs is performed per Policy DAR1. This section details the NAAQS and TAPs
modeling assessment for the proposed Hancock Station.
Background ambient air quality data was obtained from various existing monitoring
locations. Based on a review of the locations of Pennsylvania and New York ambient air
quality monitoring sites, the closest monitoring sites were used to represent the current
background air quality in the site area.
Background data for CO, NO2, and PM2.5 was obtained from a monitoring station located
in Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania (USEPA AIRData # 42-069-2006). This monitor
is located in the city of Scranton that has a higher population density and higher density
of industrial facilities than the Hancock area in Delaware County. Further, this monitor
is located in an area with a greater amount of mobile and point sources of air emissions
as compared to the project area. Thus, this monitor is considered to conservatively
represent the ambient air quality within the project area.
Background data for SO2 and PM10 was obtained from a monitoring station located in
Luzerne County, Pennsylvania (USEPA AIRData # 42-079-1101). This monitor is located
in city of Wilkes Barre that has a higher population density and higher density of
industrial facilities than the area around the Hancock Station. Further, this monitor is
located in an area with a greater amount of mobile and point sources of air emissions as
compared to the project area. Thus, this monitor is also considered to conservatively
represent the ambient air quality within the project study area.
An air quality modeling analysis was performed consistent with the procedures found in
the following documents: Guideline on Air Quality Models (Revised) (USEPA, 2005),
New Source Review Workshop Manual (USEPA, 1990), Screening Procedures for
Estimating the Air Quality Impact of Stationary Sources (USEPA, 1992), and DAR-10:
NYSDEC Guidelines on Dispersion Modeling Procedures for Air Quality Impact Analysis
(NYSDEC, 2006).
The USEPA has compiled a set of preferred and alternative computer models for the
calculation of pollutant impacts. The selection of a model depends on the characteristics
of the source, as well as the nature of the surrounding study area. Of the four classes of
models available, the Gaussian type model is the most widely used technique for
estimating the impacts of nonreactive pollutants.
The AERMOD model was designed for assessing pollutant concentrations from a wide
variety of sources (point, area, and volume). AERMOD is currently recommended by the
USEPA for modeling studies in rural or urban areas, flat or complex terrain, and transport
distances less than 50 kilometers, with one hour to annual averaging times.
The latest version of USEPAs AERMOD model (Version 15181) was used in the analysis.
AERMOD was applied with the regulatory default options and 5-years (2011-2015) of
hourly meteorological data consisting of surface observations from Binghamton Edwin A
Link Field in Binghamton, NY and concurrent upper air data from Albany, NY.
A land cover classification analysis was performed to determine whether the URBAN
option in the AERMOD model should be used in quantifying ground-level concentrations.
The methodology utilized to determine whether the project is located in an urban or rural
area is described below.
The following classifications relate the colors on a United States Geological Survey
(USGS) topographic quadrangle map to the land use type that they represent:
The USGS map covering the area within a 3-kilometer radius of the facility was reviewed
and indicated that the vast majority of the surrounding area is denoted as blue, green, or
white, which represent water, wooded areas, parks, and non-densely packed structures.
Additionally, the AERMOD Implementation Guide published on August 3, 2015
cautions users against applying the Land Use Procedure on a source-by-source basis and
instead to consider the potential for urban heat island influences across the full modeling
domain. This approach is consistent with the fact that the urban heat island is not a
localized effect, but is more regional in character.
Because the urban heat island is more of a regional effect, the Urban Source option in
AERMOD was not utilized since the area within 3 kilometers of the facility as well as the
full modeling domain (20 kilometers by 20 kilometers) is predominantly rural.
Section 123 of the Clean Air Act (CAA) required the USEPA to promulgate regulations to
assure that the degree of emission limitation for the control of any air pollutant under an
applicable State Implementation Plan (SIP) was not affected by (1) stack heights that
exceed Good Engineering Practice (GEP) or (2) any other dispersion technique. The
USEPA provides specific guidance for determining GEP stack height and for determining
whether building downwash will occur in the Guidance for Determination of Good
Engineering Practice Stack Height (Technical Support Document for the Stack Height
Regulations), (USEPA, 1985). GEP is defined as the height necessary to ensure that
emissions from the stack do not result in excessive concentrations of any air pollutant in
the immediate vicinity of the source as a result of atmospheric downwash, eddies, and
wakes that may be created by the source itself, or nearby structures, or nearby terrain
obstacles.
The GEP definition is based on the observed phenomenon of atmospheric flow in the
immediate vicinity of a structure. It identifies the minimum stack height at which
significant adverse aerodynamics (downwash) are avoided. The USEPA GEP stack height
regulations (40 CFR 51.100) specify that the GEP stack height (HGEP) be calculated in the
following manner:
A detailed plot plan of the proposed facility is shown in Figure 2-3. A GEP stack height
analysis has been conducted using the USEPA approved Building Profile Input Program
with PRIME (BPIPPRM, version 04274). The maximum calculated GEP stack height for
the new emission sources is 131 feet; the controlling structure is the existing compressor
building (52.5 feet). Direction-specific downwash parameters were determined using
BPIPPRM, version 04274. Electronic input and output files for the BPIPPRM model have
been provided on the DVD-ROM contained in Appendix C.
If at least one year of hourly on-site meteorological data is not available, the application
of the AERMOD dispersion model requires five years of hourly meteorological data that
are representative of the project site. In addition to being representative, the data must
meet quality and completeness requirements per USEPA guidelines. The closest source
of representative hourly surface meteorological data is Binghamton Edwin A Link Field
located in Binghamton, NY located approximately 48 miles to the northwest of the
Hancock Compressor Station.
The AERMOD model requires receptor data consisting of location coordinates and
ground-level elevations. The receptor generating program, AERMAP (Version 11103),
was used to develop a complete receptor grid to a distance of 10 kilometers from the
proposed facility. AERMAP uses digital elevation model (DEM) or the National Elevation
Dataset (NED) data obtained from the USGS. The preferred elevation dataset based on
NED data was used in AERMAP to process the receptor grid. This is currently the
preferred data to be used with AERMAP as indicated in the USEPA AERMOD
Implementation Guide published August 3, 2015. AERMAP was run to determine the
representative elevation for each receptor using 1/3 arc second NED files that were
obtained for an area covering at least 10 kilometers in all directions from the proposed
facility. The NED data was obtained through the USGS Seamless Data Server
(http://seamless.usgs.gov/index.php).
The following rectangular (i.e. Cartesian) receptors were used to assess the air quality
impact of the proposed facility:
x Consistent with DAR-10 guidance, fine grid receptors (70 meter spacing) for a 20
km (east-west) x 20 km (north-south) grid centered on the proposed facility site.
The facility has a fenced property line that precludes public access to the site. Ambient
air is therefore defined as the area at and beyond the fence. The modeling receptor grid
includes receptors spaced at 25-meter intervals along the entire fence line. Any Cartesian
receptors located within the fence line were removed.
The emission sources responsible for most of the potential emissions from the Hancock
Compressor Station are the two (2) combustion turbines. These units were included in
and are the main focus of the modeling analyses. The modeling includes consideration of
operation over a range of turbine loads, ambient temperatures, and operating scenarios.
Ancillary sources (emergency diesel generators and fuel gas heater) were included in the
modeling for appropriate pollutants and averaging periods. The emergency equipment
may operate for up to 30 minutes in any day for readiness testing and maintenance
purposes. Operation of the emergency equipment for longer periods of time in an
emergency mode will not be expected to occur when the turbines are operating.
Although only limited operation is expected from the emergency equipment, initial
modeling to assess short-term facility impacts assumed concurrent operation of the
emergency equipment for readiness testing (i.e., up to 30 minutes per day) with the
combustion turbines.
The dispersion modeling analysis was conducted with emission rates and flue gas exhaust
characteristics (flow rate and temperature) that are expected to represent the range of
possible values for the proposed and existing natural gas fired turbines. Because emission
rates and flue gas characteristics for a given turbine load vary as a function of ambient
temperature and fuel use, data were derived for a number of ambient temperature cases
for natural gas fuel at 100%, 75% and 50% operating loads. The temperatures were:
A detailed summary of the stack exhaust and emissions data for all loads and ambient
temperatures cases are provided in Appendix B. To be conservative and limit the number
of cases to be modeled, the short-term modeling analysis was conducted using the lowest
stack exhaust temperature and exit velocity coupled with the maximum emission rate
over all ambient temperature cases for each operating load (with the exception of 1-hour
NO2 modeling which excluded the <0F data as discussed below). Annual modeling was
based on the 100% load 40F case (vendor performance data for the turbine was available
for 40F and 60F). The annual average temperature for the project area is approximately
50F. Use of the 40F emissions data is conservative as emissions are slightly higher than
Note that the modeling for 1-hour NO2 excluded the emergency generator for which
normal operations (maintenance purposes only) will be limited to no more than 30
minutes per day with an annual limit of 100 hours per year for testing and maintenance
purposes. The 1-hour NO2 modeling also did not consider combustion turbine operations
under sub-zero ambient temperature conditions as these conditions are extremely limited
annually. The exclusion of the emergency generator and sub-zero operations for the
combustion turbines for the 1-hour NO2 modeling is based on USEPA guidance provided
in the March 1, 2011 memorandum, Additional Clarification Regarding Application of
Appendix W Modeling Guidance for the 1-hour NO2 National Ambient Air Quality
Standard for intermittent sources such as emergency generators. In the memo, US EPA
states the following:
Given the implications of the probabilistic form of the 1-hour NO2 NAAQS
discussed above, we are concerned that assuming continuous operation of
intermittent emissions would effectively impose an additional level of stringency
beyond that level intended by the standard itself. As a result, we feel it would be
inappropriate to implement the 1-hour NO2 standard in such a manner and
recommend that compliance demonstrations for the 1-hour NO2 NAAQS be based
on emission scenarios that can logically be assumed to be relatively continuous or
which occur frequently enough to contribute significantly to the annual
distribution of daily maximum 1-hour concentrations.
The emergency generator and sub-zero operation of the combustion turbine are
considered as intermittent emissions, and thus, were excluded from the 1-hour NO2
modeling assessment.
Table 4-2: Stack Parameters and Emission Rates Existing Solar Mars 100
Compressor Turbine
Parameter Values
Load 50% 75% 100% Annual(2)
Stack Height (m) 18.29 18.29 18.29 18.29
Stack Diameter (m)(1) 2.72 2.72 2.72 2.72
Exhaust Velocity (m/s) 12.23 13.38 14.52 15.94
Exhaust Temperature (K) 737.03 738.71 736.48 752.04
NOx 0.6886 0.8632 0.9236 0.9850
Pollutant
Emissions CO 4.5110 5.2552 5.7442 --
(g/s) SO2 0.1866 0.2174 0.2376 0.2376
PM10/PM2.5 0.2818 0.3283 0.3588 0.3588
Table 4-3: Stack Parameters and Emission Rates Proposed Titan 130E
Compressor Turbine
Parameter Values
Load 50% 75 100% Annual(2)
Stack Height (m) 21.34 21.34 21.34 21.34
Stack Diameter (m)(1) 2.92 2.92 2.92 2.92
Exhaust Velocity (m/s) 11.83 14.03 15.63 17.66
Exhaust Temperature (K) 720.9 730.9 758.7 765.9
NOx 0.858 1.063 1.254 1.375
Pollutant
Emissions CO 5.224 6.471 7.628 -
(g/s) SO2 0.094 0.113 0.130 0.130
PM10/PM2.5 0.251 0.304 0.348 0.348
(1) The turbine stack is square (102 inches x 102 inches). The value listed and used in the modeling is
the effective diameter for an equivalent area circular stack.
(2) Based on conservative annual average exhaust parameters for 40F and annual potential to
emit discussed in Section 2.
Tables 4-4 through 4-6 present the stack parameters and emission rates for the
emergency diesel generators and fuel gas heater. The emergency diesel generators were
included in the modeling analysis for appropriate pollutants and averaging periods when
used for readiness testing (i.e., up to 30 minutes per day).
Parameter Values
Stack Height (m) 6.25
Stack Diameter (m) 0.30
Exhaust Velocity (m/s) 29.39
Exhaust Temperature (K) 723.7
Averaging Period 1-hr 3-hr 8-hr 24-hr Annual
NOx 0.24 -- -- -- 0.028
Pollutant CO 0.49 -- 0.061 -- --
Emissions SO2 2.77E-04 9.22E-05 -- 1.15E-05 3.16E-05
(g/sec)
PM10/PM2.5 -- -- -- 1.96E-04 5.47E-04
Parameter Values
Stack Height (m) 5.94
Stack Diameter (m) 0.30
Exhaust Velocity (m/s) 39.84
Exhaust Temperature (K) 721.5
Averaging Period 1-hr 3-hr 8-hr 24-hr Annual
NOx 0.3422 - - - 0.039
Pollutant CO 0.683 - 0.085 - -
Emissions SO2 0.0004 0.00013 - 0.000017 0.00004
(g/sec)
PM10/PM2.5 0.0061 - - 0.00025 0.00069
Notes:
Hourly emission rate divided by 2 to simulate limit of 30 minutes testing per day. For the 3-, 8- and
24-hour period the hourly emission rate is further divided by the number of hours in the period.
Table 4-6: Stack Parameters and Emission Rates Proposed Fuel Gas
Heater
Parameter Values
Stack Height (m) 4.877
Stack Diameter (m) 0.406
Exhaust Velocity (m/s) 1.86
Exhaust Temperature (K) 510.9
NOx 0.015
Pollutant CO 0.012
Emissions SO2 0.0008
(g/sec)
PM10/PM2.5 0.0011
Table 4-7 presents the maximum modeled air quality concentrations of the proposed
facility calculated by AERMOD. As shown in this table, the maximum modeled
Maximum
NAAQS/ Background Total
Averaging Modeled
Pollutant NYAAQS Concentration Concentration
Period Concentration
Pg/m3)
(P (Pg/m3) (Pg/m3)
Pg/m3)
(P
1-Hour 40,000 452 2,070 2,522
CO
8-Hour 10,000 192 1,495 1,687
1-Hour 196 9.2 21.0 30.2
3-Hour 1,300 8.9 23.6a 32.5
SO2
24-Hour -/260 5.2 13.9 19.1
Annual -/60 0.35 2.1 2.5
PM-10 24-Hour 150 7.8 45 52.8
24-Hour 35 3.8 22.3 26.1
PM-2.5
Annual 12 0.52 9.5 10.0
1-Hour 188 34.9b 75.8 110.7
NO2
Annual 100 5.0c 20.0 25.0
aConservatively
based upon maximum 1-hour SO2 monitored concentration.
bAssumed 80% of NOx is NO2 per USEPA guidance.
cAssumed 75% of NO is NO per USEPA guidance.
x 2
Air quality modeling was conducted for potential toxic (non-criteria) air pollutant
emissions from the proposed non-exempt facility sources. The modeling methodology
used in the toxic air pollutant analysis was the same as used in the Part 201 air quality
analyses for criteria air pollutants. Maximum modeled short-term and annual ground
level concentrations of each toxic air pollutant were compared to the DECs short-term
guideline concentration (SGC) and annual guideline concentration (AGC), respectively.
The DEC SGCs and AGCs used in the analysis are listed in the DAR-1 (formerly Air Guide-
1) tables that were published by the DEC in February 2014.
Unit concentrations for the 1-hour and annual averaging periods were calculated for the
combustion turbines. The maximum toxic air pollutant-specific emission rate was
multiplied by the modeled unit concentration to determine the maximum pollutant-
specific concentration. Note that summing the individual maximum source
All modeling data files to determine the maximum ambient ground-level concentrations
from the proposed facility are included on DVD-ROM in Appendix C.
4.8 References
NYSDEC, 2006. NYSDEC Guidelines on Dispersion Modeling Procedures for Air Quality
Impact Analysis DAR 10. Impact Assessment and Meteorology Section, Bureau
of Stationary Sources. May 9, 2006.
USEPA, 2015. AERMOD Implementation Guide. AERMOD Implementation
Workgroup, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Air Quality Assessment
Division, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. August 3, 2015.
USEPA, 2014. Clarification on the Use of AERMOD Dispersion Modeling for
Demonstrating Compliance with the NO2 National Ambient Air Quality Standard.
USEPA. September 30, 2014.
USEPA, 2011. Additional Clarification Regarding Application of Appendix W Modeling
Guidance for the 1-Hour NO2 NAAQS. USEPA. March 1, 2011.
USEPA, 2005. Guideline on Air Quality Models (Revised). Appendix W to Title 40 U.S.
Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Parts 51 and 52, Office of Air Quality Planning
and Standards, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Research Triangle Park,
North Carolina. November 6, 2005.
USEPA, 1992. "Screening Procedures for Estimating the Air Quality Impact of Stationary
Sources, Revised". EPA Document 454/R-92-019, Office of Air Quality Planning
and Standards, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
USEPA, 1990. "New Source Review Workshop Manual, Draft". Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina.
USEPA, 1985. Guidelines for Determination of Good Engineering Practice Stack Height
(Technical Support Document for the Stack Height Regulations-Revised). EPA-450/4-
80-023R. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
% of % of
Solar Titan 130E Solar Mars 100 Facility Total SGC AGC SGC AGC
1-Hour Annual 1-Hour Annual 1-Hour Annual 1-Hour Annual
Hazardous Air
Pollutants (HAPs) (ug/m3) (ug/m3) (ug/m3) (ug/m3) (ug/m3) (ug/m3) (ug/m3) (ug/m3) % %
Acetaldehyde 2.89E-02 3.01E-04 2.65E-02 3.35E-04 5.54E-02 6.36E-04 470 0.45 0.01% 0.14%
Acrolein 4.63E-03 4.82E-05 4.25E-03 5.37E-05 8.88E-03 1.02E-04 2.5 0.35 0.36% 0.03%
Benzene 8.67E-03 9.04E-05 7.96E-03 1.01E-04 1.66E-02 1.91E-04 1300 0.13 0.00% 0.15%
1,3-Butadiene 3.11E-04 3.24E-06 2.93E-04 3.70E-06 6.04E-04 6.94E-06 --- 0.033 --- 0.02%
Ethylbenzene 2.31E-02 2.41E-04 2.12E-02 2.68E-04 4.43E-02 5.09E-04 --- 1000 --- 0.00%
Formaldehyde 5.13E-01 5.35E-03 4.70E-01 5.94E-03 9.84E-01 1.13E-02 30 0.06 3.28% 18.82%
Naphthalene 9.39E-04 9.80E-06 8.80E-04 1.11E-05 1.82E-03 2.09E-05 7900 3 0.00% 0.00%
PAH 1.59E-03 1.66E-05 1.47E-03 1.85E-05 3.06E-03 3.51E-05 --- 0.02 --- 0.18%
Propylene Oxide 2.10E-02 2.19E-04 1.92E-02 2.43E-04 4.02E-02 4.61E-04 3100 0.27 0.00% 0.17%
Toluene 9.39E-02 9.80E-04 8.61E-02 1.09E-03 1.80E-01 2.07E-03 37000 5000 0.00% 0.00%
Xylenes 4.63E-02 4.82E-04 4.24E-02 5.36E-04 8.87E-02 1.02E-03 22000 100 0.00% 0.00%
Polycyclic Organic Compounds (POM)
Anthracene 5.76E-07 6.01E-09 1.53E-06 1.93E-08 2.10E-06 2.53E-08 --- 0.02 --- 0.00%
Benz(a)anthracene 4.32E-07 4.50E-09 1.14E-06 1.45E-08 1.58E-06 1.90E-08 --- 0.02 --- 0.00%
Chrysene 4.32E-07 4.50E-09 1.14E-06 1.45E-08 1.58E-06 1.90E-08 --- 0.02 --- 0.00%
Dibenzo(a,h)anthracen
e 2.88E-07 3.00E-09 7.63E-07 9.64E-09 1.05E-06 1.26E-08 --- 0.02 --- 0.00%
Fluorene 6.72E-07 7.01E-09 1.78E-06 2.25E-08 2.45E-06 2.95E-08 5.3 0.067 0.00% 0.00%
2-Methylnaphthalene 5.76E-06 6.01E-08 1.53E-05 1.93E-07 2.10E-05 2.53E-07 --- 7.1 --- 0.00%
Phenanthrene 4.08E-06 4.25E-08 1.08E-05 1.36E-07 1.49E-05 1.79E-07 --- 0.02 --- 0.00%
Pyrene 1.20E-06 1.25E-08 3.18E-06 4.01E-08 4.38E-06 5.27E-08 --- 0.02 --- 0.00%
Parameter
Manufacturer's Name/Model Number
Code Description
Parameter
Manufacturer's Name/Model Number
Code Description
1. The total sulfur content for natural gas use is 20 grains of sulfur or less per 100 standard cubic feet, or
2. Has potential sulfur emissions less than 0.060 lb SO2/mmBtu heat input.
The FERC gas tariff will be used to demonstrate compliance with this requirement
Parameter
Manufacturer Name/Model No.
Code Description
Rule Citation
Title Type Part Subpart Section Subdivision Paragraph Subparagraph Clause Subclause
Emission Unit Emission Point Process Emission Source Applicable Federal Requirement
State Only Requirement
Description
Emission Unit
Emission Unit Emissions Summary Continuation Sheet(s)
-
CAS Number Contaminant Name
ERC (lbs/yr)
CAS Number Contaminant Name
Netting Offset
Statement of Compliance
All facilities under the ownership of this "owner/firm" are operating in compliance with all applicable requirements and state
regulations including any compliance certification requirements under Section 114(a)(3) of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990,
or are meeting the schedule of a consent order.
Source of Emission Reduction Credit - Facility
Permit ID
Name - - /
Location Address
City/ Town / Village State Zip
ERC (lbs/yr)
Emission Source CAS Number Contaminant Name
Netting Offset
Supporting Documentation
Required Supporting Documentation:
List of Exempt Activities (form attached)
Plot Plan
Process Flow Diagram /PU"QQMJDBCMF
Methods Used to Determine Compliance (form attached)
Calculations
( / / )
( / / )
( / / )
( / / )
( / / )
( / / )
( / / )
( / / )
( / / )
( / / )
( / / )
( / / )
( / / )
( / / )
In order to complete this form, enter the number and building location of each exempt activity. Building IDs used on this
form should match those used in the Title V permit application. If a listed activity is not operated at the facility, leave the
corresponding information blank.
Combustion
Rule Number
Building
Citation Description of
Location
201-3.2(c) Activities
Stationary or portable combustion installations where the furnace has a maximum
heat input capacity less than 10 mmBtu/hr burning fuels other than coal or wood; or
(1)
a maximum heat input capacity of less than 1 mmBtu/hr burning coal or wood. This
activity does not include combustion installations burning any material classified as
solid waste, as defined in 6 NYCRR Part 360, or waste oil, as defined in 6 NYCRR
Subpart 225-2.
2 NA
Space heaters burning waste oil at automotive service facilities, as defined in 6
NYCRR Subpart 225-2, generated on-site or at a facility under common control, alone
(2)
or in conjunction with used oil generated by a do-it-yourself oil changer as defined in
6 NYCRR Subpart 374-2.
Stationary or portable internal combustion engines that are liquid or gaseous fuel
powered and located within the New York City metropolitan area or the Orange
(3)(i) County towns of Blooming Grove, Chester, Highlands, Monroe, Tuxedo, Warwick, or
Woodbury, and have a maximum mechanical power rating of less than 200 brake
horsepower.
Stationary or portable internal combustion engines that are liquid or gaseous fuel
powered and located outside of the New York City metropolitan area or the Orange
(3)(ii) County towns of Blooming Grove, Chester, Highlands, Monroe, Tuxedo, Warwick, or
Woodbury, and have a maximum mechanical power rating of less than 400 brake
horsepower.
Stationary or portable internal combustion engines that are gasoline powered and
(3)(iii)
have a maximum mechanical power rating of less than 50 brake horsepower.
(4) Reserved.
(5) Gas turbines with a heat input at peak load less then 10 mmBtu/hour
3/30/2015 Page 1 of 6
New York State Department of Environmental Conservation
Air Permit Application
DEC ID
4 - 1 2 3 6 - 0 0 7 0 8
Rule Number
Building
Citation Description of
Location
201-3.2(c) Activities
2 NA
NYCRR Part 200.1(cq), and engine test cells at engine manufacturing facilities that are
(6) utilized for research and development, reliability performance testing, or quality
assurance performance testing. Stationary internal combustion engines used for peak
shaving and/or demand response programs are not exempt.
Combustion Related
Non-contact water cooling towers and water treatment systems for process cooling
(7) water and other water containers designed to cool, store or otherwise handle water
that has not been in direct contact with gaseous or liquid process streams.
Agricultural
Feed and grain milling, cleaning, conveying, drying and storage operations including
grain storage silos, where such silos exhaust to an appropriate emissions control
(8) device, excluding grain terminal elevators with permanent storage capacities over 2.5
million U.S. bushels, and grain storage elevators with capacities above one million
bushels.
Equipment used exclusively to slaughter animals, but not including other equipment
(9) at slaughterhouses, such as rendering cookers, boilers, heating plants, incinerators,
and electrical power generating equipment.
Commercial - Food Service Industries
Flour silos at bakeries, provided all such silos are exhausted through an appropriate
(10)
emission control device.
Emissions from flavorings added to a food product where such flavors are manually
(11)
added to the product.
Commercial - Graphic Arts
Graphic arts processes at facilities located outside the New York City metropolitan
area or the Orange County towns of Blooming Grove, Chester, Highlands, Monroe,
(13) Tuxedo, Warwick, or Woodbury whose facility-wide total emissions of volatile
organic compounds from inks, coatings, adhesives, fountain solutions and cleaning
solutions are less than three tons during any 12-month period.
3/30/2015 Page
g 2 of 6
New York State Department of Environmental Conservation
Air Permit Application
DEC ID
4 - 1 2 3 6 - 0 0 7 0 8
Rule Number
Building
Citation Description of
Location
201-3.2(c) Activities
Graphic label and/or box labeling operations where the inks are applied by stamping
(14)
or rolling.
Graphic arts processes which are specifically exempted from regulation under 6
(15) NYCRR Part 234, with respect to emissions of volatile organic compounds which are
not given an A rating as described in 6 NYCRR Part 212.
Commercial - Other
Gasoline dispensing sites registered with the department pursuant to 6 NYCRR Part
(16)
612.
Surface coating and related activities at facilities which use less than 25 gallons per
month of total coating materials, or with actual volatile organic compound emissions
of 1,000 pounds or less from coating materials in any 12-month period. Coating
materials include all paints and paint components, other materials mixed with paints
prior to application, and cleaning solvents, combined. This exemption is subject to
the following:
(17)
(i) The facility is located outside of the New York City metropolitan area or the
Orange County towns of Blooming Grove, Chester, Highlands, Monroe, Tuxedo,
Warwick, or Woodbury; and
(ii) All abrasive cleaning and surface coating operations are performed in an enclosed
building where such operations are exhausted into appropriate emission control
devices.
Landfill gas ventilating systems at landfills with design capacities less than 2.5 million
megagrams (3.3 million tons) and 2.5 million cubic meters (2.75 million cubic yards),
(20) where the systems are vented directly to the atmosphere, and the ventilating system
has been required by, and is operating under, the conditions of a valid 6 NYCRR Part
360 permit, or order on consent.
Storage Vessels
Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, and liquid asphalt storage tanks with storage
(21)
capacities below 300,000 barrels.
3/30/2015 Page
age 3 of
o 6
New York State Department of Environmental Conservation
Air Permit Application
DEC ID
4 - 1 2 3 6 - 0 0 7 0 8
Rule Number
Building
Citation Description of
Location
201-3.2(c) Activities
Pressurized fixed roof tanks which are capable of maintaining a working pressure at
(22) all times to prevent emissions of volatile organic compounds to the outdoor
atmosphere.
External floating roof tanks which are of welded construction and are equipped with
(23) a metallic-type shoe primary seal and a secondary seal from the top of the shoe seal
to the tank wall.
External floating roof tanks which are used for the storage of a petroleum or volatile
organic liquid with a true vapor pressure less than 4.0 psi (27.6 kPa), are of welded
construction and are equipped with one of the following:
2
Storage tanks, including petroleum liquid storage tanks as defined in 6 NYCRR Part
(25) 229, with capacities less than 10,000 gallons, except those subject to 6 NYCRR Part NA
229 or Part 233.
(26) Horizontal petroleum or volatile organic liquid storage tanks.
Storage silos storing solid materials, provided all such silos are exhausted through an
(27) appropriate emission control device. This exemption does not include raw material,
clinker, or finished product storage silos at Portland cement plants.
Industrial
Processing equipment at existing sand and gravel and stone crushing plants which
were installed or constructed before August 31, 1983, where water is used for
(28) operations such as wet conveying, separating, and washing. This exemption does not
include processing equipment at existing sand and gravel and stone crushing plants
where water is used for dust suppression.
3/30/2015 Page
g 4 of 6
New York State Department of Environmental Conservation
Air Permit Application
DEC ID
4 - 1 2 3 6 - 0 0 7 0 8
Rule Number
Building
Citation Description of
Location
201-3.2(c) Activities
Surface coating operations which are specifically exempted from regulation under 6
(31) NYCRR Part 228, with respect to emissions of volatile organic compounds which are
not given an A rating pursuant to 6 NYCRR Part 212.
All tumblers used for the cleaning and/or deburring of metal products without
(35)
abrasive blasting.
Presses used exclusively for molding or extruding plastics except where halogenated
(36)
carbon compounds or hydrocarbon solvents are used as foaming agents.
Concrete batch plants where the cement weigh hopper and all bulk storage silos are
(37) exhausted through fabric filters, and the batch drop point is controlled by a shroud or
other emission control device.
Cement storage operations not located at Portland cement plants where materials
(38)
are transported by screw or bucket conveyors.
Cold cleaning degreasers with an open surface area of 11 square feet or less and an
(39)(i) internal volume of 93 gallons or less or, having an organic solvent loss of 3 gallons
per day or less.
Cold cleaning degreasers that use a solvent with a VOC content or five percent or less
39(ii)
by weight, unless subject to the requirements of 40 CFR 63 Subpart T.
3/30/2015 age 5 of
Page o 6
New York State Department of Environmental Conservation
Air Permit Application
DEC ID
4 - 1 2 3 6 - 0 0 7 0 8
Rule Number
Building
Citation Description of
Location
201-3.2(c) Activities
Open-top vapor degreasers with an open-top area smaller than 11 square feet (1
(39)(iv)
square meter), unless subject to the requirements of 40 CFR 63 Subpart T.
Miscellaneous
Ventilating and exhaust systems for laboratory operations. Laboratory operations do
(40) not include processes having a primary purpose to produce commercial quantities of
materials.
Exhaust or ventilating systems for the melting of gold, silver, platinum and other
(41)
precious metals.
Exhaust systems for paint mixing, transfer, filling or sampling and/or paint storage
(42) rooms or cabinets, provided the paints stored within these locations are stored in
closed containers when not in use.
Exhaust systems for solvent transfer, filling or sampling, and/or solvent storage
(43) rooms provided the solvent stored within these locations are stored in containers
when not in use.
Research and development activities, including both stand-alone and activities within
(44) a major facility, until such time as the administrator completes a rule making to
determine how the permitting program should be structured for these activities.
3/30/2015 Page 6 of 6
APPENDIX B
EMISSION CALCULATIONS
AND VENDOR DATA
Millennium Pipeline Company, LLC
Hancock Compressor Station
Table B-1. Existing, Proposed Project, and Total Facility Potential Emissions Summary
PM/PM-10/
Existing Permitted Sources NOx CO VOC SO2 PM-2.5 CO2 Total HAPS CH4 N2O CO2e
Solar Mars 100 34.24 47.62 3.94 8.26 12.47 69,427.4 0.61 1.31 0.13 69,499
Waukesha VGF36 Emergency Engine 0.97 1.94 0.49 0.0011 0.02 218.3 0.13 0.01 0.001 219
Blowdowns - 0.17 - 0.01 0.09 32.14 0.00 804
PM/PM-10/
Proposed Sources NOx CO VOC SO2 PM-2.5 CO2 Total HAPS CH4 N2O CO2e
Solar Titan 130E 47.92 77.28 5.45 4.51 12.10 94,275.3 2.45 1.78 0.18 94,373
Waukesha VGF48GL Emergency Engine 1.36 2.71 0.68 0.0014 0.02 284.4 0.18 0.01 0.001 285
Fuel Gas Heater 0.53 0.44 0.03 0.0301 0.04 630.6 0.01 0.01 0.001 631
Lube Oil Tank - 0.0017 - - - - - -
Blowdowns - 0.04 - 0.02 - 22.92 - 573
Station Fugitives - - 0.88 - - 0.48 - 560.47 - 14,012
Totals (ton/year) 49.80 80.44 7.08 4.54 12.16 95,190.9 2.63 585.18 0.18 109,874
PM/PM-10/
Total Facility NOx CO VOC SO2 PM-2.5 CO2 Total HAPS CH4 N2O CO2e
Existing Mars 100 and Auxiliary Equipment 35.21 49.56 6.87 8.26 12.49 69,645.7 1.04 33.46 0.13 70,521
Proposed Titan 130E and Auxiliary Equipment 49.80 80.44 7.08 4.54 12.16 95,190.9 2.63 585.18 0.18 109,874
Totals (ton/year) 85.01 130.00 13.95 12.80 24.65 164,836.6 3.67 618.64 0.31 180,395
Millennium Pipeline Company, LLC
Hancock Compressor Station
Hp Output (Net) 11,021 11,021 11,021 10,619 10,200 9,783 9,092 8,233 16,532 16,532 15,928 15,300 14,674 13,637 12,351 22,043 22,043 21,237 20,400 19,565 18,183 16,467
Ambient
below 0 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 below 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 below 0 0 20 40 60 80 100
Temperature (F)
% RH 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60
Elevation ft 1,695 1,695 1,695 1,695 1,695 1,695 1,695 1,695 1,695 1,695 1,695 1,695 1,695 1,695 1,695 1,695 1,695 1,695 1,695 1,695 1,695 1,695
Fuel LHV
920.90 920.9 920.90 920.90 920.90 920.90 920.90 920.90 920.90 920.90 920.90 920.90 920.90 920.90 920.90 920.90 920.90 920.90 920.90 920.90 920.90 920.90
(Btu/volume)
Heat Inpu LHV
(MMBtu/hr) by 119.49 119.49 119.49 115.74 112.01 109.07 104.62 99.74 144.63 144.63 138.80 133.21 128.26 122.28 115.78 165.52 165.52 159.08 152.69 146.56 138.26 129.52
volume
Exhaust lb/hr 381,214 381,214 381,214 360,284 339,631 317,891 295,948 274,753 436,987 436,987 416,357 395,312 374,898 351,277 324,268 452,300 452,300 439,767 426,625 413,105 390,708 362,990
Exhaust ACFM 210,923 210,923 210,923 203,560 196,008 185,757 176,718 168,190 245,134 245,134 237,017 228,480 220,831 211,414 199,477 263,364 263,364 257,282 251,130 244,926 234,978 222,361
Stack Height (m) 21.34 21.34 21.34 21.34 21.34 21.34 21.34 21.34 21.34 21.34 21.34 21.34 21.34 21.34 21.34 21.34 21.34 21.34 21.34 21.34 21.34 21.34
Square Stack Side
102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102
(inches)
Square Stack Side
2.59 2.59 2.59 2.59 2.59 2.59 2.59 2.59 2.59 2.59 2.59 2.59 2.59 2.59 2.59 2.59 2.59 2.59 2.59 2.59 2.59 2.59
(ft)
Square Stack Equiv
9.59 9.59 9.59 9.59 9.59 9.59 9.59 9.59 9.59 9.59 9.59 9.59 9.59 9.59 9.59 9.59 9.59 9.59 9.59 9.59 9.59 9.59
Diameter (ft)
Square Stack
14.83 14.83 14.83 14.31 13.78 13.06 12.43 11.83 17.24 17.24 16.66 16.06 15.53 14.86 14.03 18.52 18.52 18.09 17.66 17.22 16.52 15.63
Exhaust (m/s)
Exhaust M.W. 28.55 28.55 28.55 28.54 28.51 28.47 28.37 28.29 28.55 28.55 28.54 28.51 28.47 28.37 28.29 28.55 28.55 28.54 28.51 28.47 28.37 28.29
Exhaust
838 838 838 865 892 907 932 963 856 856 875 894 918 943 970 906 906 912 919 927 942 964
Temperature (F)
Exhaust
720.9 720.9 720.9 735.9 750.9 759.3 773.2 790.4 730.9 730.9 741.5 752.0 765.4 779.3 794.3 758.7 758.7 762.0 765.9 770.4 778.7 790.9
Temperature (K)
NOX lb/hr 54.480 31.780 6.810 6.590 6.370 6.180 5.890 5.550 67.520 8.440 8.090 7.750 7.440 7.040 6.590 79.600 9.950 9.550 9.150 8.750 8.200 7.590
NOX g/s 6.864 4.004 0.858 0.830 0.803 0.779 0.742 0.699 8.508 1.063 1.019 0.977 0.937 0.887 0.830 10.030 1.254 1.203 1.153 1.103 1.033 0.956
CO lb/hr 41.460 2211.2 6.910 6.690 6.460 6.180 5.890 5.550 51.360 8.560 8.210 7.870 7.550 7.150 6.690 60.540 10.090 9.690 9.280 8.880 8.320 7.700
CO g/s 5.224 278.611 0.871 0.843 0.814 0.779 0.742 0.699 6.471 1.079 1.034 0.992 0.951 0.901 0.843 7.628 1.271 1.221 1.169 1.119 1.048 0.970
UHC ppm@ 15%
50 800 25 25 25 25 25 25 50 25 25 25 25 25 25 50 25 25 25 25 25 25
O2
UHC lb/hr 7.920 126.720 3.960 3.830 3.700 3.590 3.420 3.220 9.800 4.900 4.700 4.510 4.320 4.090 3.830 11.560 5.780 5.550 5.320 5.090 4.760 4.410
VOC lb/hr 1.584 25.344 0.792 0.766 0.740 0.718 0.684 0.644 1.960 0.980 0.940 0.902 0.864 0.818 0.766 2.312 1.156 1.110 1.064 1.018 0.952 0.882
sulfur gr/100 scf 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0
SO2 lb/hr 0.743 0.743 0.743 0.720 0.697 0.678 0.651 0.620 0.899 0.899 0.863 0.828 0.798 0.760 0.720 1.029 1.029 0.989 0.950 0.911 0.860 0.805
SO2 g/s 0.094 0.094 0.094 0.091 0.088 0.085 0.082 0.078 0.113 0.113 0.109 0.104 0.101 0.096 0.091 0.130 0.130 0.125 0.120 0.115 0.108 0.101
Particulates
0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015
lb/MMBtu
PM10/2.5 lb/hr 1.99 1.99 1.99 1.93 1.87 1.82 1.75 1.66 2.41 2.41 2.32 2.22 2.14 2.04 1.93 2.76 2.76 2.65 2.55 2.45 2.31 2.16
PM10/2.5 g/s 0.251 0.251 0.251 0.243 0.236 0.229 0.220 0.210 0.304 0.304 0.292 0.280 0.270 0.257 0.243 0.348 0.348 0.334 0.321 0.308 0.291 0.272
CO2 lb/mmBtu 117 117 117 117 117 117 117 117 117 117 117 117 117 117 117 117 117 117 117 117 117 117
CO2 lb/hr 15,538 15,538 15,538 15,051 14,566 14,183 13,605 12,970 18,808 18,808 18,049 17,322 16,679 15,901 15,056 21,524 21,524 20,687 19,856 19,059 17,979 16,843
CH4 lb/mmBtu 0.0022 0.0022 0.0022 0.0022 0.0022 0.0022 0.0022 0.0022 0.0022 0.0022 0.0022 0.0022 0.0022 0.0022 0.0022 0.0022 0.0022 0.0022 0.0022 0.0022 0.0022 0.0022
CH4 lb/hr 0.2931 0.2931 0.2931 0.2839 0.2747 0.2675 0.2566 0.2446 0.3547 0.3547 0.3404 0.3267 0.3146 0.2999 0.2840 0.4060 0.4060 0.3902 0.3745 0.3595 0.3391 0.3177
N2O lb/mmBtu 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002
N2O lb/hr 0.0293 0.0293 0.0293 0.0284 0.0275 0.0268 0.0257 0.0245 0.0355 0.0355 0.0340 0.0327 0.0315 0.0300 0.0284 0.0406 0.0406 0.0390 0.0374 0.0359 0.0339 0.0318
CO2e lb/mmBtu 117.0 117.0 117.0 117.0 117.0 117.0 117.0 117.0 117.0 117.0 117.0 117.0 117.0 117.0 117.0 117.0 117.0 117.0 117.0 117.0 117.0 117.0
CO2e lb/hr 15,554 15,554 15,554 15,066 14,581 14,198 13,619 12,983 18,827 18,827 18,068 17,340 16,696 15,918 15,071 21,546 21,546 20,708 19,876 19,078 17,998 16,860
Notes
1. Data provided by Solar for 100%, 75% and 50% load cases: net output power, fuel flow (MMBtu/hr, LHV), exhaust flow (lb/hr), exhaust temperature, NO X/CO/UHC concentrations and lb/hr.
2. Below zero and low load operation uses 0F for operating parameters and uses concentrations from Solar PIL 167.
3. Greenhouse gases are calculated using emission factors from Part 98, Tables C 1 and C2 and global warming potentials from Table A1 (CO2 = 1, CH4 = 25, N2O = 298).
Millennium Pipeline Company, LLC
Hancock Compressor Station
Operations Normal Ambient Startup Shutdown Potential to Emit Low Ambient Low Load Operation Maximum Yearly
Temperatures Including Temperatures (<50%) Potential to Emit
(>0 degrees F) Startup/Shutdown (<0 degrees F)
during Normal
Temperature
Operation
Maximum 8,760 hrs/yr 100 Events/Yr 100 Events/Year 8,760 hrs/yr 120 hrs/yr 10 hrs/yr 8,760 hrs/yr
Annual (10 Minute Event Duration) (10 Minute Event Duration)
Combined Event
Frequency
Pollutant Hourly Maximum Event Maximum Event Maximum Maximum Annual Hourly Maximum Hourly Maximum Maximum Annual
(lb/hr) Annual (lb/event) Annual (lb/event) Annual (tpy) (lb/hr) Annual (lb/hr) Annual (tpy)
(tpy) (tpy) (tpy) (tpy) (tpy)
NOX 9.95 43.58 1.90 0.10 2.40 0.12 43.63 79.60 4.78 31.78 0.16 47.92
CO 10.09 44.19 176.90 8.85 207.60 10.38 63.25 60.54 3.63 2,211.20 11.06 77.28
SO2 1.03 4.51 0 0 0 0 4.51 1.03 0.06 0.74 0.004 4.51
PM10/2.5 2.76 12.10 0 0 0 0 12.10 2.76 0.17 1.99 0.01 12.10
CO2e 21,546 94,373 0 0 0 0 94,373 21,546 1,293 15,554 78 94,373
CO2 21,524 94,275 0 0 0 0 94,275 21,524 1,291 15,538 78 94,275
N2O 0.04 0.18 0 0 0 0 0.18 0.04 0.002 0.03 0.0001 0.18
TOC (Total) 5.78 25.32 10.10 0.51 11.90 0.60 26.32 11.56 0.69 126.72 0.63 27.27
CH4 0.41 1.78 0 0 0 0 1.78 0.41 0.02 0.29 0.001 1.78
VOC (Total) 1.16 5.06 2.02 0.10 2.38 0.12 5.26 2.31 0.14 25.34 0.13 5.45
Millennium Pipeline Company, LLC
Hancock Compressor Station
Engine parameters
Power output base load 1,230 hp
Heat Input Capacity (HHV) 9.726 MMBtu/hr
Maximum Annual Operation 500 hr/yr
Potential Emissions
Total Annual
1 2
Pollutant g/bhp-hr lb/MMBtu lb/hr (ton/yr)3
NOx 2.00 5.42 1.36
CO 4.00 10.85 2.71
VOC 1.00 2.71 0.68
PM10/2.5 0.00999 0.10 0.024
SO2 5.88E-04 0.006 0.0014
CO2e 117.10 1138.912 284.73
CO2 116.9800 1137.738 284.43
CH4 0.0022 0.021 0.01
N2O 0.0002 0.002 0.001
Notes:
1
NOx, CO, VOC based on NSPS Subpart JJJJ, Table 1
2
Emissions for PM10/PM2.5 and SO2 calculated using AP-42 emission factors (Table 3.2-2).
Emission for GHGs based upon 40 CFR Part 98, Subpart C
3
Auxiliary Generator is Limited to 500 hours / year.
Millennium Pipeline Company, LLC
Hancock Compressor Station
Engine parameters
Heat Input Capacity (HHV) 1.23 MMBtu/hr
Fuel Firing Rate 1,201 SCF/hr
Maximum Annual Operation 8,760 hr/yr
Potential Emissions
Total Annual
Pollutant lb/mmscf lb/hr (ton/yr)
NOx 100 0.12 0.53
CO 84 0.10 0.44
VOC 5.5 0.007 0.03
PM/PM-10/PM-2.5 7.6 0.01 0.04
(2)
SO2 5.71 0.0069 0.03
CO2e 119,970 144.12 631.26
CO2 119,846 143.98 630.61
CH4 2.26 0.0027 0.01
N2O 0.23 0.00027 0.0012
(1)
NOx, CO, VOC and PM emissions are based upon AP-42 Emission Factors
(2)
Emissions of SO2 from based on mass balance of sulfur in fuel:
Sulfur Content 2.0 grains/100 SCF
Higher Heating Value 1,025 Btu/SCF
Molecular Weight of S = 32 lb/lbmol
Molecular Weight of SO2 = 64 lb/lbmol
(3)
GHG Emissions are based upon 40 CFR Part 98, Subpart C
Millennium Pipeline Company, LLC
Hancock Compressor Station
Blowdown Events
Parameter
Building Emergency Station
Shutdown Shutdown
Gas Blowdown (scf/event) 49,000 454,057
Blowdowns per Year 4 2
VOC Emissions (lb/event) 3.2 29.5
CO2 Emissions (lb/event) 1.8 16.4
CH4 Emissions (lb/event) 2,034.0 18,847.7
CO2e Emissions (lb/event) 50,851.1 471,209.7
VOC Emissions (tpy) 0.0064 0.0295
CO2 Emissions (tpy) 0.0035 0.0164
CH4 Emissions (tpy) 4.1 18.8
CO2e Emissions (tpy) 101.7 471.2
Millennium Pipeline Company, LLC
Hancock Compressor Station
Flash gas density is 110% of the value extracted from laboratory analysis results.
Laboratory Density:
Flash factor extracted from laboratory analysis results:
0.1006 lb/scf Safety Factor: 110%
Speciated emissions vapor weight percentages caculated from laboratory analysis results.
Millennium Pipeline Company, LLC
Hancock Compressor Station
2
Based on 93.4 vol% CH4 and 2 vol% CO2 in natural gas, per INGAA Guideline
1 11021 HP 50.0% Load Elev. 1695 ft Rel. Humidity 60.0% Temperature 0 Deg. F
PPMvd at 15% O2 15.00 25.00 25.00
ton/yr 29.82 30.26 17.33
lbm/MMBtu (Fuel LHV) 0.060 0.061 0.035
lbm/(MW-hr) 0.83 0.84 0.48
(gas turbine shaft pwr)
lbm/hr 6.81 6.91 3.96
2 10619 HP 50.0% Load Elev. 1695 ft Rel. Humidity 60.0% Temperature 20.0 Deg. F
PPMvd at 15% O2 15.00 25.00 25.00
ton/yr 28.87 29.29 16.78
lbm/MMBtu (Fuel LHV) 0.060 0.061 0.035
lbm/(MW-hr) 0.83 0.84 0.48
(gas turbine shaft pwr)
lbm/hr 6.59 6.69 3.83
3 10200 HP 50.0% Load Elev. 1695 ft Rel. Humidity 60.0% Temperature 40.0 Deg. F
PPMvd at 15% O2 15.00 25.00 25.00
ton/yr 27.90 28.31 16.21
lbm/MMBtu (Fuel LHV) 0.060 0.061 0.035
lbm/(MW-hr) 0.84 0.85 0.49
(gas turbine shaft pwr)
lbm/hr 6.37 6.46 3.70
Notes
1. For short-term emission limits such as lbs/hr., Solar recommends using "worst case" anticipated operating
conditions specific to the application and the site conditions. Worst case for one pollutant is not
necessarily the same for another.
2. Solars typical SoLoNOx warranty, for ppm values, is available for greater than 0 deg F or -20 deg C,
and between 50% and 100% load for gas, fuel, and between 65% and 100% load for liquid fuel (except f
or the Centaur 40). An emission warranty for non-SoLoNOx equipment is available for greater than 0 deg
F or -20 deg C and betwee
3. Fuel must meet Solar standard fuel specification ES 9-98. Emissions are based on the attached fuel
composition, or, San Diego natural gas or equivalent.
4. If needed, Solar can provide Product Information Letters to address turbine operation outside typical
warranty ranges, as well as non-warranted emissions of SO2, PM10/2.5, VOC, and formaldehyde.
5. Solar can provide factory testing in San Diego to ensure the actual unit(s) meet the above values within
the tolerances quoted. Pricing and schedule impact will be provided upon request.
6. Any emissions warranty is applicable only for steady-state conditions and does not apply during start-up,
shut-down, malfunction, or transient event.
PREDICTED EMISSION PERFORMANCE
4 9783 HP 50.0% Load Elev. 1695 ft Rel. Humidity 60.0% Temperature 60.0 Deg. F
PPMvd at 15% O2 15.00 25.00 25.00
ton/yr 27.07 27.47 15.73
lbm/MMBtu (Fuel LHV) 0.060 0.061 0.035
lbm/(MW-hr) 0.85 0.86 0.49
(gas turbine shaft pwr)
lbm/hr 6.18 6.27 3.59
5 9092 HP 50.0% Load Elev. 1695 ft Rel. Humidity 60.0% Temperature 80.0 Deg. F
PPMvd at 15% O2 15.00 25.00 25.00
ton/yr 25.80 26.18 14.99
lbm/MMBtu (Fuel LHV) 0.059 0.060 0.034
lbm/(MW-hr) 0.87 0.88 0.50
(gas turbine shaft pwr)
lbm/hr 5.89 5.98 3.42
6 8233 HP 50.0% Load Elev. 1695 ft Rel. Humidity 60.0% Temperature 100.0 Deg. F
PPMvd at 15% O2 15.00 25.00 25.00
ton/yr 24.30 24.66 14.12
lbm/MMBtu (Fuel LHV) 0.059 0.059 0.034
lbm/(MW-hr) 0.90 0.92 0.53
(gas turbine shaft pwr)
lbm/hr 5.55 5.63 3.22
Notes
1. For short-term emission limits such as lbs/hr., Solar recommends using "worst case" anticipated operating
conditions specific to the application and the site conditions. Worst case for one pollutant is not
necessarily the same for another.
2. Solars typical SoLoNOx warranty, for ppm values, is available for greater than 0 deg F or -20 deg C,
and between 50% and 100% load for gas, fuel, and between 65% and 100% load for liquid fuel (except f
or the Centaur 40). An emission warranty for non-SoLoNOx equipment is available for greater than 0 deg
F or -20 deg C and betwee
3. Fuel must meet Solar standard fuel specification ES 9-98. Emissions are based on the attached fuel
composition, or, San Diego natural gas or equivalent.
4. If needed, Solar can provide Product Information Letters to address turbine operation outside typical
warranty ranges, as well as non-warranted emissions of SO2, PM10/2.5, VOC, and formaldehyde.
5. Solar can provide factory testing in San Diego to ensure the actual unit(s) meet the above values within
the tolerances quoted. Pricing and schedule impact will be provided upon request.
6. Any emissions warranty is applicable only for steady-state conditions and does not apply during start-up,
shut-down, malfunction, or transient event.
PREDICTED ENGINE PERFORMANCE
Customer Model
TITAN 130-22402S
Millenium Pipeline Package Type
CS/MD
Job ID Match
Hancock 59F MATCH
Run By Date Run Fuel System
Nima Bahrami 14-Apr-16 GAS
Engine Performance Code Engine Performance Data Fuel Type
REV. 4.17.1.19.11 REV. 0.0 CHOICE GAS
1 2 3 4 5 6
Engine Inlet Temperature deg F 0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0
Relative Humidity % 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0
Driven Equipment Speed RPM 7139 7024 6915 7186 7064 6932
Engine Exhaust Flow lbm/hr 381214 360284 339631 317891 295948 274753
PT Exit Temperature deg F 889 907 925 929 949 981
Exhaust Temperature deg F 838 865 892 907 932 963
This performance was calculated with a basic inlet and exhaust system. Special equipment such as low
noise silencers, special filters, heat recovery systems or cooling devices will affect engine performance.
Performance shown is "Expected" performance at the pressure drops stated, not guaranteed.
PREDICTED EMISSION PERFORMANCE
1 16532 HP 75.0% Load Elev. 1695 ft Rel. Humidity 60.0% Temperature 0 Deg. F
PPMvd at 15% O2 15.00 25.00 25.00
ton/yr 36.96 37.50 21.48
lbm/MMBtu (Fuel LHV) 0.060 0.061 0.035
lbm/(MW-hr) 0.68 0.69 0.40
(gas turbine shaft pwr)
lbm/hr 8.44 8.56 4.90
2 15928 HP 75.0% Load Elev. 1695 ft Rel. Humidity 60.0% Temperature 20.0 Deg. F
PPMvd at 15% O2 15.00 25.00 25.00
ton/yr 35.44 35.96 20.60
lbm/MMBtu (Fuel LHV) 0.060 0.061 0.035
lbm/(MW-hr) 0.68 0.69 0.40
(gas turbine shaft pwr)
lbm/hr 8.09 8.21 4.70
3 15300 HP 75.0% Load Elev. 1695 ft Rel. Humidity 60.0% Temperature 40.0 Deg. F
PPMvd at 15% O2 15.00 25.00 25.00
ton/yr 33.96 34.46 19.74
lbm/MMBtu (Fuel LHV) 0.060 0.061 0.035
lbm/(MW-hr) 0.68 0.69 0.39
(gas turbine shaft pwr)
lbm/hr 7.75 7.87 4.51
Notes
1. For short-term emission limits such as lbs/hr., Solar recommends using "worst case" anticipated operating
conditions specific to the application and the site conditions. Worst case for one pollutant is not
necessarily the same for another.
2. Solars typical SoLoNOx warranty, for ppm values, is available for greater than 0 deg F or -20 deg C,
and between 50% and 100% load for gas, fuel, and between 65% and 100% load for liquid fuel (except f
or the Centaur 40). An emission warranty for non-SoLoNOx equipment is available for greater than 0 deg
F or -20 deg C and betwee
3. Fuel must meet Solar standard fuel specification ES 9-98. Emissions are based on the attached fuel
composition, or, San Diego natural gas or equivalent.
4. If needed, Solar can provide Product Information Letters to address turbine operation outside typical
warranty ranges, as well as non-warranted emissions of SO2, PM10/2.5, VOC, and formaldehyde.
5. Solar can provide factory testing in San Diego to ensure the actual unit(s) meet the above values within
the tolerances quoted. Pricing and schedule impact will be provided upon request.
6. Any emissions warranty is applicable only for steady-state conditions and does not apply during start-up,
shut-down, malfunction, or transient event.
PREDICTED EMISSION PERFORMANCE
4 14674 HP 75.0% Load Elev. 1695 ft Rel. Humidity 60.0% Temperature 60.0 Deg. F
PPMvd at 15% O2 15.00 25.00 25.00
ton/yr 32.58 33.06 18.93
lbm/MMBtu (Fuel LHV) 0.060 0.061 0.035
lbm/(MW-hr) 0.68 0.69 0.40
(gas turbine shaft pwr)
lbm/hr 7.44 7.55 4.32
5 13637 HP 75.0% Load Elev. 1695 ft Rel. Humidity 60.0% Temperature 80.0 Deg. F
PPMvd at 15% O2 15.00 25.00 25.00
ton/yr 30.85 31.31 17.93
lbm/MMBtu (Fuel LHV) 0.059 0.060 0.034
lbm/(MW-hr) 0.69 0.70 0.40
(gas turbine shaft pwr)
lbm/hr 7.04 7.15 4.09
6 12351 HP 75.0% Load Elev. 1695 ft Rel. Humidity 60.0% Temperature 100.0 Deg. F
PPMvd at 15% O2 15.00 25.00 25.00
ton/yr 28.86 29.28 16.77
lbm/MMBtu (Fuel LHV) 0.059 0.059 0.034
lbm/(MW-hr) 0.72 0.73 0.42
(gas turbine shaft pwr)
lbm/hr 6.59 6.69 3.83
Notes
1. For short-term emission limits such as lbs/hr., Solar recommends using "worst case" anticipated operating
conditions specific to the application and the site conditions. Worst case for one pollutant is not
necessarily the same for another.
2. Solars typical SoLoNOx warranty, for ppm values, is available for greater than 0 deg F or -20 deg C,
and between 50% and 100% load for gas, fuel, and between 65% and 100% load for liquid fuel (except f
or the Centaur 40). An emission warranty for non-SoLoNOx equipment is available for greater than 0 deg
F or -20 deg C and betwee
3. Fuel must meet Solar standard fuel specification ES 9-98. Emissions are based on the attached fuel
composition, or, San Diego natural gas or equivalent.
4. If needed, Solar can provide Product Information Letters to address turbine operation outside typical
warranty ranges, as well as non-warranted emissions of SO2, PM10/2.5, VOC, and formaldehyde.
5. Solar can provide factory testing in San Diego to ensure the actual unit(s) meet the above values within
the tolerances quoted. Pricing and schedule impact will be provided upon request.
6. Any emissions warranty is applicable only for steady-state conditions and does not apply during start-up,
shut-down, malfunction, or transient event.
PREDICTED ENGINE PERFORMANCE
Customer Model
TITAN 130-22402S
Millenium Pipeline Package Type
CS/MD
Job ID Match
Hancock 59F MATCH
Run By Date Run Fuel System
Nima Bahrami 14-Apr-16 GAS
Engine Performance Code Engine Performance Data Fuel Type
REV. 4.17.1.19.11 REV. 0.0 CHOICE GAS
1 2 3 4 5 6
Engine Inlet Temperature deg F 0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0
Relative Humidity % 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0
Driven Equipment Speed RPM 8242 8137 8023 7908 7709 7440
Engine Exhaust Flow lbm/hr 436987 416357 395312 374898 351277 324268
PT Exit Temperature deg F 879 893 909 928 950 976
Exhaust Temperature deg F 856 875 894 918 943 970
This performance was calculated with a basic inlet and exhaust system. Special equipment such as low
noise silencers, special filters, heat recovery systems or cooling devices will affect engine performance.
Performance shown is "Expected" performance at the pressure drops stated, not guaranteed.
PREDICTED EMISSION PERFORMANCE
1 22043 HP 100.0% Load Elev. 1695 ft Rel. Humidity 60.0% Temperature 0 Deg. F
PPMvd at 15% O2 15.00 25.00 25.00
ton/yr 43.57 44.21 25.32
lbm/MMBtu (Fuel LHV) 0.060 0.061 0.035
lbm/(MW-hr) 0.61 0.61 0.35
(gas turbine shaft pwr)
lbm/hr 9.95 10.09 5.78
2 21237 HP 100.0% Load Elev. 1695 ft Rel. Humidity 60.0% Temperature 20.0 Deg. F
PPMvd at 15% O2 15.00 25.00 25.00
ton/yr 41.83 42.45 24.31
lbm/MMBtu (Fuel LHV) 0.060 0.061 0.035
lbm/(MW-hr) 0.60 0.61 0.35
(gas turbine shaft pwr)
lbm/hr 9.55 9.69 5.55
3 20400 HP 100.0% Load Elev. 1695 ft Rel. Humidity 60.0% Temperature 40.0 Deg. F
PPMvd at 15% O2 15.00 25.00 25.00
ton/yr 40.08 40.66 23.29
lbm/MMBtu (Fuel LHV) 0.060 0.061 0.035
lbm/(MW-hr) 0.60 0.61 0.35
(gas turbine shaft pwr)
lbm/hr 9.15 9.28 5.32
Notes
1. For short-term emission limits such as lbs/hr., Solar recommends using "worst case" anticipated operating
conditions specific to the application and the site conditions. Worst case for one pollutant is not
necessarily the same for another.
2. Solars typical SoLoNOx warranty, for ppm values, is available for greater than 0 deg F or -20 deg C,
and between 50% and 100% load for gas, fuel, and between 65% and 100% load for liquid fuel (except f
or the Centaur 40). An emission warranty for non-SoLoNOx equipment is available for greater than 0 deg
F or -20 deg C and betwee
3. Fuel must meet Solar standard fuel specification ES 9-98. Emissions are based on the attached fuel
composition, or, San Diego natural gas or equivalent.
4. If needed, Solar can provide Product Information Letters to address turbine operation outside typical
warranty ranges, as well as non-warranted emissions of SO2, PM10/2.5, VOC, and formaldehyde.
5. Solar can provide factory testing in San Diego to ensure the actual unit(s) meet the above values within
the tolerances quoted. Pricing and schedule impact will be provided upon request.
6. Any emissions warranty is applicable only for steady-state conditions and does not apply during start-up,
shut-down, malfunction, or transient event.
PREDICTED EMISSION PERFORMANCE
4 19565 HP 100.0% Load Elev. 1695 ft Rel. Humidity 60.0% Temperature 60.0 Deg. F
PPMvd at 15% O2 15.00 25.00 25.00
ton/yr 38.32 38.89 22.27
lbm/MMBtu (Fuel LHV) 0.060 0.061 0.035
lbm/(MW-hr) 0.60 0.61 0.35
(gas turbine shaft pwr)
lbm/hr 8.75 8.88 5.09
5 18183 HP 100.0% Load Elev. 1695 ft Rel. Humidity 60.0% Temperature 80.0 Deg. F
PPMvd at 15% O2 15.00 25.00 25.00
ton/yr 35.91 36.43 20.87
lbm/MMBtu (Fuel LHV) 0.059 0.060 0.034
lbm/(MW-hr) 0.60 0.61 0.35
(gas turbine shaft pwr)
lbm/hr 8.20 8.32 4.76
6 16467 HP 100.0% Load Elev. 1695 ft Rel. Humidity 60.0% Temperature 100.0 Deg. F
PPMvd at 15% O2 15.00 25.00 25.00
ton/yr 33.22 33.71 19.31
lbm/MMBtu (Fuel LHV) 0.059 0.059 0.034
lbm/(MW-hr) 0.62 0.63 0.36
(gas turbine shaft pwr)
lbm/hr 7.59 7.70 4.41
Notes
1. For short-term emission limits such as lbs/hr., Solar recommends using "worst case" anticipated operating
conditions specific to the application and the site conditions. Worst case for one pollutant is not
necessarily the same for another.
2. Solars typical SoLoNOx warranty, for ppm values, is available for greater than 0 deg F or -20 deg C,
and between 50% and 100% load for gas, fuel, and between 65% and 100% load for liquid fuel (except f
or the Centaur 40). An emission warranty for non-SoLoNOx equipment is available for greater than 0 deg
F or -20 deg C and betwee
3. Fuel must meet Solar standard fuel specification ES 9-98. Emissions are based on the attached fuel
composition, or, San Diego natural gas or equivalent.
4. If needed, Solar can provide Product Information Letters to address turbine operation outside typical
warranty ranges, as well as non-warranted emissions of SO2, PM10/2.5, VOC, and formaldehyde.
5. Solar can provide factory testing in San Diego to ensure the actual unit(s) meet the above values within
the tolerances quoted. Pricing and schedule impact will be provided upon request.
6. Any emissions warranty is applicable only for steady-state conditions and does not apply during start-up,
shut-down, malfunction, or transient event.
PREDICTED ENGINE PERFORMANCE
Customer Model
TITAN 130-22402S
Millenium Pipeline Package Type
CS/MD
Job ID Match
Hancock 59F MATCH
Run By Date Run Fuel System
Nima Bahrami 14-Apr-16 GAS
Engine Performance Code Engine Performance Data Fuel Type
REV. 4.17.1.19.11 REV. 0.0 CHOICE GAS
1 2 3 4 5 6
Engine Inlet Temperature deg F 0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0
Relative Humidity % 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0
Driven Equipment Speed RPM 8856 8856 8843 8738 8544 8285
Engine Exhaust Flow lbm/hr 452300 439767 426625 413105 390708 362990
PT Exit Temperature deg F 906 912 919 927 942 964
Exhaust Temperature deg F 906 912 919 927 942 964
This performance was calculated with a basic inlet and exhaust system. Special equipment such as low
noise silencers, special filters, heat recovery systems or cooling devices will affect engine performance.
Performance shown is "Expected" performance at the pressure drops stated, not guaranteed.
Solar Turbines Incorporated Product Information Letter 167
PIL 167
Product Information Letter
SoLoNOx Products:
Emissions in Non-SoLoNOx Modes
Leslie Witherspoon
Solar Turbines Incorporated
PURPOSE
Solars gas turbine dry low NOx emissions combustion systems, known as SoLoNOx,
have been developed to provide the lowest emissions possible during normal operating
conditions. In order to optimize the performance of the turbine, the combustion and fuel
systems are designed to reduce NOx, CO and unburned hydrocarbons (UHC) without
penalizing stability or transient capabilities. At very low load and cold temperature
extremes, the SoLoNOx system must be controlled differently in order to assure stable
operation. The required adjustments to the turbine controls at these conditions cause
emissions to increase.
The purpose of this Product Information Letter is to provide emissions estimates, and in
some cases warrantable emissions for NOx, CO and UHC, at off-design conditions.
Historically, regulatory agencies have not required a specific emissions level to be met at
low load or cold ambient operating conditions, but have asked what emissions levels are
expected. The expected values are necessary to appropriately estimate emissions for
annual emissions inventory purposes and for New Source Review applicability
determinations, air dispersion modeling, and permitting.
Table 3 summarizes expected emissions levels for ambient temperatures below 20F
(29C) for the Titan 250.
Table 3. Expected Emissions below 20F (29C) for the Titan 250 SoLoNOx
Combustion Turbine (NOx ppm values corrected to 15% O2.)
Turbine Applicable NOx, CO, UHC,
Fuel System Fuel
Model Load ppm ppm ppm
Titan 250 Gas Only Gas 40 to 100% load 70 150 50
The estimates in Table 4 apply for any product for gas only or dual fuel systems using
pipeline quality natural gas. Refer to Product Information Letter 205 for Mercury 50
emissions estimates.
PURPOSE
This Product Information Letter summarizes methods that are available to estimate emissions of volatile
organic compounds (VOC), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and formaldehyde from gas turbines. Emissions esti-
mates of these pollutants are often necessary during the air permitting process.
INTRODUCTION
In absence of site-specific or representative source test data, Solar refers customers to a United States
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) document titled AP-42 or other appropriate EPA reference
documents. AP-42 is a collection of emission factors for different emission sources. The emission factors
found in AP-42 provide a generally accepted way of estimating emissions when more representative data
are not available. The most recent version of AP-42 (dated April 2000) can be found at:
http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42/ch03/index.html
Solar does not typically warranty the emission rates for VOC, SO2 or formaldehyde.
For natural gas fuel, Solars customers use 10-20% of the UHC emission rate to represent VOC emis-
sions. The estimate of 10-20% is based on a ratio of total non-methane hydrocarbons to total organic
compounds. The use of 10-20% provides a conservative estimate of VOC emissions. The balance of the
UHC is assumed to be primarily methane.
For liquid fuel, it is appropriate to estimate that 100% of the UHC emission estimate is VOC.
Sulfur Dioxide
Sulfur dioxide emissions are produced by conversion of sulfur in the fuel to SO2. Since Solar does not
control the amount of sulfur in the fuel, we are unable to predict SO2 emissions without a site fuel compo-
sition analysis. Customers generally estimate SO2 emissions with a mass balance calculation by assum-
ing that any sulfur in the fuel will convert to SO2. For reference, the typical mass balance equation is
shown below.
1
PIL 168, Revision 5 8 July 2015
Caterpillar: Confidential Green
2015 Solar Turbines Incorporated
Caterpillar Confidential Green: Information contained herein is to be treated as Confidential and Proprietary to Caterpillar.
Solar Turbines Incorporated Product Information Letter 168
As an alternative to the mass balance calculation, EPAs AP-42 document can be used. AP-42 (Table
3.1-2a, April 2000) suggests emission factors of 0.0034 lb/MMBtu for gas fuel (HHV) and 0.033 lb/MMBtu
for liquid fuel (HHV).
Formaldehyde
In gas turbines, formaldehyde emissions are a result of incomplete combustion. Formaldehyde in the ex-
haust stream is unstable and very difficult to measure. In addition to turbine characteristics including
combustor design, size, maintenance history, and load profile, the formaldehyde emission level is also
affected by:
x Ambient temperature
x Humidity
x Atmospheric pressure
x Fuel quality
x Formaldehyde concentration in the ambient air
x Test method measurement variability
x Operational factors
The emission factor data in Table 1 is an excerpt from an EPA memo: Revised HAP Emission Factors for
Stationary Combustion Turbines, 8/22/03. The memo presents hazardous air pollutant (HAP) emission
factor data in several categories including: mean, median, maximum, and minimum. The emission fac-
tors in the memo are a compilation of the HAP data EPA collected during the Maximum Achievable Con-
trol Technology (MACT) standard development process. The emission factor documentation shows there
is a high degree of variability in formaldehyde emissions from gas turbines, depending on the manufac-
turer, rating size of equipment, combustor design, and testing events. To estimate formaldehyde emis-
sions from gas turbines, users should use the emission factor(s) that best represent the gas turbines ac-
tual / planned operating profile. Refer to EPAs memo for alternative emission factors.
Table 1. EPAs Total HAP and Formaldehyde Emission Factors for <50 MW Lean-Premix
Gas Turbines burning Natural Gas
(Source: Revised HAP Emission Factors for Stationary Combustion Turbines, OAR-2002-0060, IV-B-09, 8/22/03)
Cat and Caterpillar are registered trademarks of Caterpillar Inc. Solar, Saturn, Centaur, Taurus, Mercury, Mars, Titan, SoLoNOx,
Turbotronic, InSight System, and InSight Connect, are trademarks of Solar Turbines Incorporated. All other trademarks are the intel-
lectual property of their respective companies.
2015 Solar Turbines Incorporated. All rights reserved. Specifications are subject to change without notice.
PIL 170
Product Information Letter
PURPOSE
The purpose of this Product Information Letter (PIL) is to provide emission estimates for
start-up and shutdown events for Solar gas turbines with SoLoNOx dry low emissions
combustion systems. The commissioning process is also discussed.
INTRODUCTION
The information presented in this document is representative for both generator set (GS)
and compressor set/mechanical drive (CS/MD) combustion turbine applications.
Operation of duct burners and/or any add-on control equipment is not accounted for in
the emissions estimates. Emissions related to the start-up, shutdown, and
commissioning of combustion turbines will not be guaranteed or warranted.
Combustion turbine start-up occurs in one of three modes: cold, warm, or hot. On large,
utility size, combustion turbines, the start-up time varies by the mode. The start-up
duration for a hot, warm, or cold Solar turbine is less than 10 minutes in simple-cycle and
most combined heat and power applications.
Heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) steam pressure is usually 250 psig or less. At
250 psig or less, thermal stress within the HRSG is minimized and, therefore, firing ramp-
up is not limited. However, some combined heat and power plant applications will desire
or dictate longer start-up times, therefore emissions assuming a 60-minute start are also
estimated.
A typical shutdown for a Solar turbine is <10 minutes. Emissions estimates for an
elongated shutdown, 30-minutes, are also included.
Start-up and shutdown emissions estimates for the Mercury 50 engine are found in PIL
205.
For start-up and shutdown emissions estimates for conventional combustion turbines,
landfill gas, digester gas, or other alternative fuel applications, contact Solars
Environmental Programs Department.
START-UP SEQUENCE
The start-up sequence, or getting to SoLoNOx combustion mode, takes three steps:
1. Purge-crank
2. Ignition and acceleration to idle
3. Loading / thermal stabilization
During the purge-crank step, rotation of the turbine shaft is accomplished with a starter
motor to remove any residual fuel gas in the engine flow path and exhaust. During
ignition and acceleration to idle, fuel is introduced into the combustor and ignited in a
diffusion flame mode and the engine rotor is accelerated to idle speed.
The third step consists of applying up to 50% load 1 while allowing the combustion flame
to transition and stabilize. Once 50% load is achieved, the turbine transitions to SoLoNOx
combustion mode and the engine control system begins to hold the combustion primary
zone temperature and limit pilot fuel to achieve the targeted nitrogen oxides (NOx),
carbon monoxide (CO), and unburned hydrocarbons (UHC) emission levels.
Steps 2 and 3 are short-term transient conditions making up less than 10 minutes.
SHUTDOWN PROCESS
Normal, planned cool down/shutdown duration varies by engine model. The Centaur 40,
Centaur 50, Taurus 60, and Taurus 65 engines take about 5 minutes. The Taurus 70,
Mars 90 and Mars 100, Titan 130 and Titan 250 engines take about 10 minutes.
Typically, once the shutdown process starts, the emissions will remain in SoLoNOx mode
for approximately 90 seconds and move into a transitional mode for the balance of the
estimated shutdown time (assuming the unit was operating at full-load).
COMMISSIONING EMISSIONS
Commissioning generally takes place over a two-week period. Static testing, where no
combustion occurs, usually requires one week and no emissions are expected. Dynamic
testing, where combustion will occur, will see the engine start and shutdown a number of
times and a variety of loads will be placed on the system. It is impossible to predict how
long the turbine will run and in what combustion / emissions mode it will be running. The
dynamic testing period is generally followed by one to two days of tune-up during which
the turbine is running at various loads, most likely within low emissions mode (warranted
emissions range).
140% load for the Titan 250 engine on natural gas. 65% load for all engines on liquid fuel (except
80% load for the Centaur 40).
Table 1. Estimation of Start-up and Shutdown Emissions (lbs/event) for SoLoNOx Generator Set Applications
10 Minute Start-up and 10 Minute Shutdown
Natural Gas Fuel
Table 2. Estimation of Start-up and Shutdown Emissions (lbs/event) for SoLoNOx Generator Set Applications
60 Minute Start-up and 30 Minute Shutdown
Natural Gas Fuel
Table 3. Estimation of Start-up and Shutdown Emissions (lbs/event) for SoLoNOx CS/MD Applications
10 Minute Start-up and 10 Minute Shutdown
Natural Gas Fuel
Total Emissions per Start (lbs) 0.7 64.4 3.7 392 0.8 69.1 4.0 469 0.7 64.3 3.7 410
Total Emissions per Shutdown (lbs) 0.3 30.2 1.7 181 0.4 35.4 2.0 217 0.4 33.0 1.9 204
Taurus 70 10802S Mars 90 13002S CSMD Mars 100 16002S CSMD Titan 130 20502S Titan 250 30002S
NOx CO UHC CO2 NOx CO UHC CO2 NOx CO UHC CO2 NOx CO UHC CO2 NOx CO UHC CO2
(lbs) (lbs) (lbs) (lbs) (lbs) (lbs) (lbs) (lbs) (lbs) (lbs) (lbs) (lbs) (lbs) (lbs) (lbs) (lbs) (lbs) (lbs) (lbs) (lbs)
Total Emissions per Start (lbs) 0.9 83.6 4.8 582 1.2 109.3 6.2 805 1.4 123.5 7.1 829 1.9 176.9 10.1 1,161 2.6 26.2 1.7 1,794
Total Emissions per Shutdown (lbs) 1.3 108.2 6.2 665 1.5 132.6 7.6 817 1.7 149.2 8.5 920 2.4 207.6 11.9 1,272 2.9 19.1 1.4 1,918
Table 4. Estimation of Start-up and Shutdown Emissions (lbs/event) for SoLoNOx Generator Set
10 Minute Start-up and 10 Minute Shutdown
Liquid Fuel (Diesel #2)
Table 5. Estimation of Start-up and Shutdown Emissions (lbs/event) for SoLoNOx Generator Set
60 Minute Start-up and 30 Minute Shutdown
Liquid Fuel (Diesel #2)
REMARKS:
CYL #1000
TOTAL 100.000
ETHANE + GPM: 0.518
MOL WEIGHT: 16.35 PROPANE + GPM: 0.016
BTU/LB: 23715.3 ISO-PENTANE + GPM: 0.000
COMPRESSIBILITY FACTOR: 0.9979
SPECIFIC GRAVITY @ 60 DEG. F. (AIR = 1): 0.566
BTU/CUFT. (REAL) 60 DEG.F. - PSIA: 14.650 14.696 14.730 15.025
DRY: 1021.3 1024.5 1026.9 1047.4
SAT: 1003.4 1006.6 1009.0 1029.6
REVIEWED BY:
This document shall not be reproduced, except in full, without the written approval of Element Materials Technology.
2129 WEST WILLOW SCOTT LA 70583 337-232-3568
DATE: 08/27/15
SAMPLE IDENTIFICATION
COMPANY: COLUMBIA PIPELINE GROUP SAMPLE DATE: 08/20/15
FIELD: N/P (381316)
LEASE: MINISINK C.S.
STA #: CS-7C4175
PAGE 1
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CAPILLARY ANALYSIS - METHOD GPA 2286-95
COMPONENTS AS % OF TOTAL SAMPLE
MOL WT.
COMPONENT PERCENT PERCENT
PAGE 2
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CAPILLARY ANALYSIS - METHOD GPA 2286-95
COMPONENTS AS % OF TOTAL SAMPLE
MOL WT.
COMPONENT PERCENT PERCENT
PAGE 3
This document shall not be reproduced, except in full, without the written approval of Element Materials Technology.
CAPILLARY ANALYSIS - METHOD GPA 2286-95
COMPONENTS AS % OF TOTAL SAMPLE
MOL WT.
COMPONENT PERCENT PERCENT
PAGE 4
This document shall not be reproduced, except in full, without the written approval of Element Materials Technology.
CAPILLARY ANALYSIS - METHOD GPA 2286-95
COMPONENTS AS % OF TOTAL SAMPLE
MOL WT.
COMPONENT PERCENT PERCENT
PAGE 5
This document shall not be reproduced, except in full, without the written approval of Element Materials Technology.
CAPILLARY ANALYSIS - METHOD GPA 2286-95
COMPONENTS AS % OF TOTAL SAMPLE
MOL WT.
COMPONENT PERCENT PERCENT
PAGE 6
This document shall not be reproduced, except in full, without the written approval of Element Materials Technology.
APPENDIX C
ELECTRONIC AIR QUALITY
MODELING FILES
APPENDIX 9D
Resource Report 9 Air and Noise Quality 9D-i Eastern System Upgrade
Millennium Pipeline Company, LLC
Highland Compressor Station
Eastern System Upgrade Project
Ambient Air Quality Modeling Assessment
Prepared for:
Prepared by:
July 2016
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Page
1.0 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 1-1
1.1 Project Overview................................................................................................ 1-1
2.0 Project Description................................................................................................2-2
2.1 Site Location and Surroundings ........................................................................2-2
2.2 Facility Conceptual Design ................................................................................2-2
2.2.1 Compressor Turbine ..................................................................................2-3
2.2.2 Ancillary Equipment ................................................................................. 2-4
2.3 Proposed Project Emission Potential ................................................................2-5
3.0 Air Quality Modeling Analysis .............................................................................. 3-1
3.1 Background Ambient Air Quality ...................................................................... 3-1
3.2 Modeling Methodology .....................................................................................3-3
3.2.1 Model Selection ..........................................................................................3-3
3.2.2 Urban/Rural Area Analysis........................................................................3-3
3.2.3 Good Engineering Practice Stack Height ..................................................3-4
3.2.4 Meteorological Data ................................................................................... 3-5
3.3 Receptor Grid ....................................................................................................3-6
3.3.1 Basic Grid ...................................................................................................3-6
3.3.2 Property Line Receptors ............................................................................ 3-7
3.4 Selection of Sources for Modeling ..................................................................... 3-7
3.4.1 Emission Rates and Exhaust Parameters .................................................. 3-7
3.5 Maximum Modeled Facility Concentrations .................................................. 3-10
3.6 Toxic Ambient Air Contaminant Analysis ...................................................... 3-11
3.7 References........................................................................................................ 3-13
LIST OF TABLES
At the federal level, because the emission increases from the Highland Station
modifications are less than applicable major source thresholds, Millennium will not
trigger federal NSR requirements for any regulated air pollutant under either PSD or
NNSR permitting programs. At the state level, the Project triggers air permitting through
the NYSDEC as a minor source of air emissions subject to State Air Facility permitting. If
the agency considers that any project triggering minor NSR permitting could threaten
attainment with the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQSs) or human health
from toxic air pollutant (TAP) concentrations, NYSDEC can require air dispersion
modeling for the Project. A site wide modeling analysis for criteria pollutants has been
performed in accordance with their impact analysis modeling guidance, Policy DAR10.
In addition, a modeling analysis that addresses TAPs is performed per Policy DAR1. This
report details the NAAQS and TAPs modeling assessment for the proposed Highland
Station.
Millennium Pipeline Company, LLC 1-1 Ambient Air Quality Modeling Assessment
Highland Compressor Station
2.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
The proposed Highland Compressor Station is located in a rural area in the town of
Highland, Sullivan County, New York. The site is currently undeveloped.
The approximate Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) coordinates of the facility are:
511,142 meters east and 4,603,785 meters north in Zone 18 (North American Datum of
1983(NAD83)).
As a part of the Eastern System Upgrade project, Millennium is proposing to install the
following equipment at the proposed Highland compressor station:
One Solar Titan 130-22402S, 22,400 HP (ISO) natural gas fired turbinedriven
compressor unit;
One Waukesha VGF48GL (1,230 hp) natural gas fired emergency generator;
One 4,000 gallon waste liquids storage tank;
One 1.2 MMBtu/hr heat input natural gas fired fuel gas heater; and
One 1,500 gallon oil storage tank.
In addition to the single significant emission source consisting of the Solar Titan 130E
combustion turbine, several exempt emission units will be located at the Highland
compressor station. These exempt sources include natural gasfired heaters with heat
inputs less than 10 million British thermal units per hour (MMBtu/hr) and one natural
gasfired Waukesha VGF48GL emergency generator with a heat input of 9.7 mmBtu/hr.
The new Waukesha (1,230 hp) emergency generator has a four stroke, lean burn, natural
gasfired stationary reciprocating internal combustion engine. The proposed emergency
generator will be installed to meet site wide emergency electrical demands as a result of
the Eastern System Upgrade project and will be operated only during normal testing,
maintenance, and emergency situations. Per 6 NYCRR 2013.2(c)(6), emergency power
generating stationary internal combustion engines, as defined in section 200.1(vq) of this
Title are exempt sources. As such, this generator is an exempt source. Further, the engine
will meet the definition of emergency stationary internal combustion engine per 40 CFR
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Highland Compressor Station
60.4248 and will comply with the requirements for operating emergency engines in 40
CFR 60.4243(d).
Millennium is proposing to install one natural gas fired fuel gas heater, with a rated heat
input capacity of 1.2 MMBtu/hr. Per 6 NYCRR 2013.2(c)(1)(i), stationary combustion
installations with a maximum rated heat input capacity less than 10 MMBtu/hr burning
fuels other than coal or wood are exempt from permitting. As such, the heater is an
exempt source.
The proposed Solar Titan 130E natural gas-fired turbine to be installed at the Highland
Compressor Station will be equipped with Solars SoLoNOx dry low NOx combustor
technology for NOx control. Emissions for the Solar Turbine assumes that the unit will
operate up to 8,760 hours per year and up to 100% rated output. The vendor provided
emission rates for normal operating conditions are as follows (all emissions rates are in
terms of parts per million dry volume (ppmvd) @ 15% O2):
15 ppmvd NOx;
25 ppmvd CO;
25 ppmvd unburned hydrocarbons (UHC); and
5 ppmvd VOC.
Depending upon demand, the turbine may operate at loads ranging from 50% to 100% of
full capacity. Because of the different emission rates and exhaust characteristics that
occur at different loads and ambient temperatures, a matrix of operating modes is
presented in this air modeling assessment. Emission parameters for three turbine loads
(50%, 75%, and 100%) and six ambient temperatures (0oF, 20oF, 40oF, 60oF, 80oF and
100oF) are accounted for in this air modeling assessment to cover the range of steady-
state turbine operations.
At very low load and cold temperature extremes, the turbine system must be controlled
differently in order to assure stable operation. The required adjustments to the turbine
controls at these conditions cause emissions of NOx, CO and VOC to increase (emission
rates of other pollutants are unchanged). Low-load operation (non-normal SoLoNOx
operation) of the turbines is expected to occur only during periods of startup and
shutdown and for maintenance or unforeseen emergency events. The annual hours of
operation during low load operation was assumed to be no more than 10 hours per year.
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Highland Compressor Station
Similarly, Solar has provided emission estimates for low temperature operation (inlet
combustion air temperature less than 0 F and greater than -20 F). Estimated pre-
control emissions from the turbines at low temperature conditions are:
Millennium reviewed historic meteorological data from the previous five years for the
region to estimate the worst case number of hours per year under sub-zero (less than 0
F) conditions. The annual hours of operation during sub-zero conditions was assumed to
be not more than 120 hours per year.
Turbine emission rates during start-up and shutdown events increase for NOx, CO and
VOC as compared to operating above 50% load. The start-up process for the Solar Titan
130E turbine takes approximately 10 minutes from the initiation of start-up to normal
operation (equal to or greater than 50% load). Shutdown takes approximately 10
minutes. Millennium has estimated there would be 100 start-up/shutdown events per
year.
Millennium is proposing to install a new Waukesha VGF48GL (1,230 hp) four stroke lean
burn natural gas fired emergency generator. The emergency generator will operate for no
more than 500 hours/year, and therefore meets the definition of an emergency power
generating stationary internal combustion engine under 6 NYCRR 200.1(cq). As
previously indicated, the generator is an exempt source per 6 NYCRR 2013.2(c)(6),
however the potential emissions for this new unit are included for NSR and Title V
applicability purposes.
Millennium is proposing to install one new 1.2 MMBtu/hr (heat input) natural gas heater.
As previously indicated, the heater is an exempt source per 6 NYCRR 2013.2(c)(1)(i),
however the potential emissions for this new unit are included for NSR and Title V
applicability purposes.
Millennium Pipeline Company, LLC 2-4 Ambient Air Quality Modeling Assessment
Highland Compressor Station
2.3 Proposed Project Emission Potential
Table 2-1 presents project emission potentials from the new units to be installed as a part
of the proposed Highland Compressor Station. For new units, project emission potential
is equal to potentials to emit.
-
Maximum
Individual HAP 1.71 0.13 0.0003 - - 1.84
(Formaldehyde)
(1) Exempt per 201-3.2(c)(6) for emergency power generating stationary internal combustion engines which meet the requirements of 200.1(cq)
of operation when the usual source of electric power is unavailable and no more than 500 hours per year inclusive of emergency operation,
testing, and maintenance.
(2) Exempt per 201-3.2(c)(25) for storage tanks under 10,000 gallons, not otherwise subject to Parts 229 or 233
(3) Trivial per 201-3.3(94) for emissions of .oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, simple asphyxiants including methane and propane, trace
constituents included in raw materials or byproducts, where the constituents are less than 1 percent by weight for any regulated air pollutant, or
0.1 percent by weight for any carcinogen listed by the United States Department of Health and Human Services Seventh Annual Report on
Carcinogens (1994). The definition of regulated air pollutant under 200.1(bu) does not include methane or ethane.
(4) Greenhouse gases calculated as CO2e.
(5) The individual HAP with the highest total annual emission rate is formaldehyde.
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Highland Compressor Station
3.0 AIR QUALITY MODELING ANALYSIS
Background ambient air quality data was obtained from various existing monitoring
locations. Based on a review of the locations of Pennsylvania and New York ambient air
quality monitoring sites, the closest representative monitoring sites were used to
represent the current background air quality in the site area.
Background data for CO, NO2, and PM2.5 was obtained from a monitoring station located
in Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania (USEPA AIRData # 42-069-2006). This monitor
is located in the city of Scranton that has a higher population density and higher density
of industrial facilities than the Highland area in Sullivan County. Further, this monitor is
located in an area with a greater amount of mobile and point sources of air emissions as
compared to the project area. Thus, this monitor is considered to conservatively
represent the ambient air quality within the project area.
Background data for SO2 and PM10 was obtained from a monitoring station located in
Luzerne County, Pennsylvania (USEPA AIRData # 42-079-1101). This monitor is located
in city of Wilkes Barre that has a higher population density and higher density of
industrial facilities than the area around the Highland Station. Further, this monitor is
located in an area with a greater amount of mobile and point sources of air emissions as
compared to the project area. Thus, this monitor is also considered to conservatively
represent the ambient air quality within the project study area.
The monitoring data for the most recent three years (2012 2014) are presented and
compared to the NAAQS in Table 3-1. The maximum measured concentrations for each
of these pollutants during the last three years are all below applicable standards and are
used as representative background values for comparison of facility concentrations to the
NAAQS.
Millennium Pipeline Company, LLC 3-1 Ambient Air Quality Modeling Assessment
Highland Compressor Station
Table 3-1: Maximum Measured Ambient Air Quality Concentrations
c24-hour 3-year average 98th percentile value for PM-2.5 is 22.3 g/m3; Annual 3-year average value for
Millennium Pipeline Company, LLC 3-2 Ambient Air Quality Modeling Assessment
Highland Compressor Station
3.2 Modeling Methodology
An air quality modeling analysis was performed consistent with the procedures found in
the following documents: Guideline on Air Quality Models (Revised) (USEPA, 2005),
New Source Review Workshop Manual (USEPA, 1990), Screening Procedures for
Estimating the Air Quality Impact of Stationary Sources (USEPA, 1992), and DAR-10:
NYSDEC Guidelines on Dispersion Modeling Procedures for Air Quality Impact Analysis
(NYSDEC, 2006).
The USEPA has compiled a set of preferred and alternative computer models for the
calculation of pollutant impacts. The selection of a model depends on the characteristics
of the source, as well as the nature of the surrounding study area. Of the four classes of
models available, the Gaussian type model is the most widely used technique for
estimating the impacts of nonreactive pollutants.
The AERMOD model was designed for assessing pollutant concentrations from a wide
variety of sources (point, area, and volume). AERMOD is currently recommended by the
USEPA for modeling studies in rural or urban areas, flat or complex terrain, and transport
distances less than 50 kilometers, with one hour to annual averaging times.
The latest version of USEPAs AERMOD model (Version 15181) was used in the analysis.
AERMOD was applied with the regulatory default options and 5-years (2011-2015) of
hourly meteorological data consisting of surface observations from Binghamton Edwin A
Link Field in Binghamton, NY and concurrent upper air data from Albany, NY.
A land cover classification analysis was performed to determine whether the URBAN
option in the AERMOD model should be used in quantifying ground-level concentrations.
The methodology utilized to determine whether the project is located in an urban or rural
area is described below.
The following classifications relate the colors on a United States Geological Survey
(USGS) topographic quadrangle map to the land use type that they represent:
Millennium Pipeline Company, LLC 3-3 Ambient Air Quality Modeling Assessment
Highland Compressor Station
Blue water (rural);
Green wooded areas (rural);
White parks, unwooded, non-densely packed structures (rural);
Purple industrial; identified by large buildings, tanks, sewage disposal or
filtration plants, rail yards, roadways, and, intersections (urban);
Pink densely packed structures (urban); and,
Red roadways and intersections (urban)
The USGS map covering the area within a 3-kilometer radius of the facility was reviewed
and indicated that the vast majority of the surrounding area is denoted as blue, green, or
white, which represent water, wooded areas, parks, and non-densely packed structures.
Additionally, the AERMOD Implementation Guide published on August 3, 2015
cautions users against applying the Land Use Procedure on a source-by-source basis and
instead to consider the potential for urban heat island influences across the full modeling
domain. This approach is consistent with the fact that the urban heat island is not a
localized effect, but is more regional in character.
Because the urban heat island is more of a regional effect, the Urban Source option in
AERMOD was not utilized since the area within 3 kilometers of the facility as well as the
full modeling domain (20 kilometers by 20 kilometers) is predominantly rural.
Section 123 of the Clean Air Act (CAA) required the USEPA to promulgate regulations to
assure that the degree of emission limitation for the control of any air pollutant under an
applicable State Implementation Plan (SIP) was not affected by (1) stack heights that
exceed Good Engineering Practice (GEP) or (2) any other dispersion technique. The
USEPA provides specific guidance for determining GEP stack height and for determining
whether building downwash will occur in the Guidance for Determination of Good
Engineering Practice Stack Height (Technical Support Document for the Stack Height
Regulations), (USEPA, 1985). GEP is defined as the height necessary to ensure that
emissions from the stack do not result in excessive concentrations of any air pollutant in
the immediate vicinity of the source as a result of atmospheric downwash, eddies, and
wakes that may be created by the source itself, or nearby structures, or nearby terrain
obstacles.
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Highland Compressor Station
The GEP definition is based on the observed phenomenon of atmospheric flow in the
immediate vicinity of a structure. It identifies the minimum stack height at which
significant adverse aerodynamics (downwash) are avoided. The USEPA GEP stack height
regulations (40 CFR 51.100) specify that the GEP stack height (HGEP) be calculated in the
following manner:
HGEP = HB + 1.5L
A GEP stack height analysis has been conducted using the USEPA approved Building
Profile Input Program with PRIME (BPIPPRM, version 04274). The maximum
calculated GEP stack height for the new emission sources is 77.5 feet; the controlling
structure is the proposed compressor building (31.0 feet). Direction-specific downwash
parameters were determined using BPIPPRM, version 04274.
If at least one year of hourly on-site meteorological data is not available, the application
of the AERMOD dispersion model requires five years of hourly meteorological data that
are representative of the project site. In addition to being representative, the data must
meet quality and completeness requirements per USEPA guidelines. The closest source
of representative hourly surface meteorological data is Binghamton Edwin A Link Field
located in Binghamton, NY located approximately 71 miles to the northwest of the
Highland Compressor Station.
Millennium Pipeline Company, LLC 3-5 Ambient Air Quality Modeling Assessment
Highland Compressor Station
The AERMOD assessment utilized five (5) years (20112015) of concurrent
meteorological data collected from a meteorological tower at the Binghamton Edwin A
Link Field and from radiosondes launched from Albany, New York. Both the surface and
upper air sounding data were processed by the NYSDEC using AERMODs meteorological
processor, AERMET (version 15181). The output from AERMET was used as the
meteorological database for the modeling analysis and consists of a surface data file and
a vertical profile data file. These data, which were prepared and processed to AERMOD
format by the NYSDEC, was provided for use in the modeling analyses for the proposed
facility.
The AERMOD model requires receptor data consisting of location coordinates and
ground-level elevations. The receptor generating program, AERMAP (Version 11103),
was used to develop a complete receptor grid to a distance of 10 kilometers from the
proposed facility. AERMAP uses digital elevation model (DEM) or the National Elevation
Dataset (NED) data obtained from the USGS. The preferred elevation dataset based on
NED data was used in AERMAP to process the receptor grid. This is currently the
preferred data to be used with AERMAP as indicated in the USEPA AERMOD
Implementation Guide published August 3, 2015. AERMAP was run to determine the
representative elevation for each receptor using 1/3 arc second NED files that were
obtained for an area covering at least 10 kilometers in all directions from the proposed
facility. The NED data was obtained through the USGS Seamless Data Server
(http://seamless.usgs.gov/index.php).
The following rectangular (i.e. Cartesian) receptors were used to assess the air quality
impact of the proposed facility:
Consistent with DAR-10 guidance, fine grid receptors (70 meter spacing) for a 20
km (east-west) x 20 km (north-south) grid centered on the proposed facility site.
Millennium Pipeline Company, LLC 3-6 Ambient Air Quality Modeling Assessment
Highland Compressor Station
3.3.2 Property Line Receptors
The facility has a fenced property line that precludes public access to the site. Ambient
air is therefore defined as the area at and beyond the fence. The modeling receptor grid
includes receptors spaced at 25-meter intervals along the entire fence line. Any Cartesian
receptors located within the fence line were removed.
The emission source responsible for most of the potential emissions from the Highland
Compressor Station is the single combustion turbine. This unit was included in and is the
main focus of the modeling analyses. The modeling includes consideration of operation
over a range of turbine loads, ambient temperatures, and operating scenarios.
Ancillary sources (emergency diesel generators and fuel gas heater) were included in the
modeling for appropriate pollutants and averaging periods. The emergency equipment
may operate for up to 30 minutes in any day for readiness testing and maintenance
purposes. Operation of the emergency equipment for longer periods of time in an
emergency mode will not be expected to occur when the turbines are operating.
Although only limited operation is expected from the emergency equipment, initial
modeling to assess short-term facility impacts assumed concurrent operation of the
emergency equipment for readiness testing (i.e., up to 30 minutes per day) with the
combustion turbine.
The dispersion modeling analysis was conducted with emission rates and flue gas exhaust
characteristics (flow rate and temperature) that are expected to represent the range of
possible values for the proposed natural gas fired turbine. Because emission rates and
flue gas characteristics for a given turbine load vary as a function of ambient temperature
and fuel use, data were derived for a number of ambient temperature cases for natural
gas fuel at 100%, 75% and 50% operating loads. The temperatures were:
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Highland Compressor Station
To be conservative and limit the number of cases to be modeled, the short-term modeling
analysis was conducted using the lowest stack exhaust temperature and exit velocity
coupled with the maximum emission rate over all ambient temperature cases for each
operating load (with the exception of 1-hour NO2 modeling which excluded the <0F data
as discussed below). Annual modeling was based on the 100% load 40F case (vendor
performance data for the turbine was available for 40F and 60F). The annual average
temperature for the project area is approximately 50F. Use of the 40F emissions data
is conservative as emissions are slightly higher than the 60F case.). Table 3-2
summarizes the stack parameters and emission rates used in the modeling for the
compressor turbine.
Note that the modeling for 1-hour NO2 excluded the emergency generator for which
normal operations (maintenance purposes only) will be limited to no more than 30
minutes per day with an annual limit of 100 hours per year for testing and maintenance
purposes. The 1-hour NO2 modeling also did not consider combustion turbine operations
under sub-zero ambient temperature conditions as these conditions are extremely limited
annually. The exclusion of the emergency generator and sub-zero operations for the
combustion turbines for the 1-hour NO2 modeling is based on USEPA guidance provided
in the March 1, 2011 memorandum, Additional Clarification Regarding Application of
Appendix W Modeling Guidance for the 1-hour NO2 National Ambient Air Quality
Standard for intermittent sources such as emergency generators. In the memo, US EPA
states the following:
Given the implications of the probabilistic form of the 1-hour NO2 NAAQS
discussed above, we are concerned that assuming continuous operation of
intermittent emissions would effectively impose an additional level of stringency
beyond that level intended by the standard itself. As a result, we feel it would be
inappropriate to implement the 1-hour NO2 standard in such a manner and
recommend that compliance demonstrations for the 1-hour NO2 NAAQS be based
on emission scenarios that can logically be assumed to be relatively continuous or
which occur frequently enough to contribute significantly to the annual
distribution of daily maximum 1-hour concentrations.
The emergency generator and sub-zero operation of the combustion turbine are
considered as intermittent emissions, and thus, were excluded from the 1-hour NO2
modeling assessment.
Millennium Pipeline Company, LLC 3-8 Ambient Air Quality Modeling Assessment
Highland Compressor Station
Table 3-2: Stack Parameters and Emission Rates Proposed Titan 130E
Compressor Turbine
Parameter Values
Load 50% 75 100% Annual(2)
Stack Height (m) 18.29 %
18.29 18.29 18.29
Stack Diameter (m) (1) 3.27 3.27 3.27 3.27
Exhaust Velocity (m/s) 9.60 11.38 12.69 14.33
Exhaust Temperature (K) 720.4 730.9 758.7 765.9
NOx 0.869 1.079 1.271 1.395
Pollutant
Emissions CO 5.292 6.562 7.734 -
(g/s) SO2 0.095 0.115 0.132 0.132
PM10/PM2.5 0.255 0.308 0.353 0.353
(1) (1) The turbine stack is square (114 inches x 114 inches). The value listed and used in the modeling
is the effective diameter for an equivalent area circular stack.
(2) (2) Based on conservative annual average exhaust parameters for 40F and annual potential
to emit discussed in Section 2.
Tables 3-3 and 3-4 present the stack parameters and emission rates for the emergency
diesel generator and fuel gas heater. The emergency diesel generator was included in the
modeling analysis for appropriate pollutants and averaging periods when used for
readiness testing (i.e., up to 30 minutes per day).
Parameter Values
Stack Height (m) 5.94
Stack Diameter (m) 0.30
Exhaust Velocity (m/s) 39.84
Exhaust Temperature (K) 721.5
Averaging Period 1-hr 3-hr 8-hr 24-hr Annual
NOx 0.3422 - - - 0.039
Pollutant CO 0.683 - 0.085 - -
Emissions SO2 0.0004 0.00013 - 0.000015 0.00004
(g/sec)
PM10/PM2.5 0.0061 - - 0.00025 0.00069
Notes:
Hourly emission rate divided by 2 to simulate limit of 30 minutes testing per day. For the 3-, 8- and
24-hour period the hourly emission rate is further divided by the number of hours in the period.
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Table 3-4: Stack Parameters and Emission Rates Proposed Fuel Gas
Heater
Parameter Values
Stack Height (m) 4.877
Stack Diameter (m) 0.406
Exhaust Velocity (m/s) 1.86
Exhaust Temperature (K) 510.9
NOx 0.015
Pollutant CO 0.012
Emissions SO2 0.0008
(g/sec)
PM10/PM2.5 0.0012
Table 3-5 presents the maximum modeled air quality concentrations of the proposed
facility calculated by AERMOD. As shown in this table, the maximum modeled
concentrations when combined with a representative background concentration, are less
than the applicable NAAQS/NYAAQS for all pollutants.
Maximum
NAAQS/ Background Total
Averaging Modeled
Pollutant NYAAQS Concentration Concentration
Period Concentration
(g/m3) (g/m3) (g/m3)
(g/m3)
1-Hour 40,000 312 2,070 2,382
CO
8-Hour 10,000 89 1,495 1,584
1-Hour 196 1.8 21.0 22.8
3-Hour 1,300 1.7 23.6a 25.3
SO2
24-Hour -/260 0.8 13.9 14.7
Annual -/60 0.09 2.1 2.2
PM-10 24-Hour 150 2.1 45 47.1
24-Hour 35 0.7 22.3 23.0
PM-2.5
Annual 12 0.13 9.5 9.6
1-Hour 188 20.9b 75.8 96.7
NO2
Annual 100 1.6c 20.0 21.6
aConservatively
based upon maximum 1-hour SO2 monitored concentration.
bAssumed 80% of NOx is NO2 per USEPA guidance.
cAssumed 75% of NOx is NO2 per USEPA guidance.
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3.6 Toxic Ambient Air Contaminant Analysis
Air quality modeling was conducted for potential toxic (non-criteria) air pollutant
emissions from the proposed non-exempt facility sources. The modeling methodology
used in the toxic air pollutant analysis was the same as used in the DEC Part 201 air quality
analyses for criteria air pollutants. Maximum modeled short-term and annual ground
level concentrations of each toxic air pollutant were compared to the DECs short-term
guideline concentration (SGC) and annual guideline concentration (AGC), respectively.
The DEC SGCs and AGCs used in the analysis are listed in the DAR-1 (formerly Air
Guide-1) tables that were published by the DEC in February 2014.
Unit concentrations (ug/m3 per 1.0 g/s emitted) for the 1-hour and annual averaging
periods were calculated for the combustion turbine using AERMOD. The maximum toxic
air pollutant-specific emission rate was multiplied by the modeled unit concentration to
determine the maximum pollutant-specific concentration. Presented in Table 3-6 are the
NYSDEC SGCs and AGCs and the facility maximum modeled concentrations for each
toxic air pollutant. As shown in the table, all of the maximum modeled toxic air pollutants
are well below their corresponding NYSDEC SGC and AGC.
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Table 3-6: Facility Maximum Modeled Concentrations Compared to SGCs and AGCs
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3.7 References
NYSDEC, 2006. NYSDEC Guidelines on Dispersion Modeling Procedures for Air Quality
Impact Analysis DAR 10. Impact Assessment and Meteorology Section, Bureau
of Stationary Sources. May 9, 2006.
USEPA, 2015. AERMOD Implementation Guide. AERMOD Implementation
Workgroup, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Air Quality Assessment
Division, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. August 3, 2015.
USEPA, 2014. Clarification on the Use of AERMOD Dispersion Modeling for
Demonstrating Compliance with the NO2 National Ambient Air Quality Standard.
USEPA. September 30, 2014.
USEPA, 2011. Additional Clarification Regarding Application of Appendix W Modeling
Guidance for the 1-Hour NO2 NAAQS. USEPA. March 1, 2011.
USEPA, 2005. Guideline on Air Quality Models (Revised). Appendix W to Title 40 U.S.
Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Parts 51 and 52, Office of Air Quality Planning
and Standards, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Research Triangle Park,
North Carolina. November 6, 2005.
USEPA, 1992. "Screening Procedures for Estimating the Air Quality Impact of Stationary
Sources, Revised". EPA Document 454/R-92-019, Office of Air Quality Planning
and Standards, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
USEPA, 1990. "New Source Review Workshop Manual, Draft". Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina.
USEPA, 1985. Guidelines for Determination of Good Engineering Practice Stack Height
(Technical Support Document for the Stack Height Regulations-Revised). EPA-
450/4-80-023R. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
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Millennium Pipeline Company, LLC
Hancock Compressor Station
Eastern System Upgrade Project
Ambient Air Quality Modeling Assessment
Prepared for:
Prepared by:
July 2016
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Page
1.0 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 1-1
1.1 Project Overview................................................................................................ 1-1
2.0 Project Description................................................................................................2-2
2.1 Site Location and Surroundings ........................................................................2-2
2.2 Existing Facility Description and Emission Potential ......................................2-2
2.3 Facility Conceptual Design ................................................................................2-3
2.3.1 Compressor Turbine ..................................................................................2-3
2.3.2 Ancillary Equipment ..................................................................................2-5
2.4 Proposed Project Emission Potential ................................................................2-5
3.0 Air Quality Modeling Analysis .............................................................................. 3-7
3.1 Background Ambient Air Quality ...................................................................... 3-7
3.2 Modeling Methodology .................................................................................... 3-8
3.2.1 Model Selection ......................................................................................... 3-8
3.2.2 Urban/Rural Area Analysis........................................................................3-9
3.2.3 Good Engineering Practice Stack Height ................................................ 3-10
3.2.4 Meteorological Data ................................................................................. 3-11
3.3 Receptor Grid .................................................................................................. 3-11
3.3.1 Basic Grid ................................................................................................. 3-11
3.3.2 Property Line Receptors .......................................................................... 3-12
3.3.3 Selection of Sources for Modeling ........................................................... 3-12
3.3.4 Emission Rates and Exhaust Parameters ................................................ 3-13
3.4 Maximum Modeled Facility Concentrations .................................................. 3-16
3.5 Toxic Ambient Air Contaminant Analysis ...................................................... 3-17
3.6 References........................................................................................................ 3-19
LIST OF TABLES
At the federal level, because the emission increases from the Hancock Station
modifications are less than applicable major source thresholds, Millennium will not
trigger federal NSR requirements for any regulated air pollutant under either PSD or
NNSR permitting programs. At the state level, the Project triggers air permitting through
the NYSDEC as a major Title V facility for CO and GHGs. If the agency considers that any
project triggering minor NSR permitting could threaten attainment with the National
Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQSs) or human health from toxic air pollutant (TAP)
concentrations, NYSDEC can require air dispersion modeling for the Project. A site wide
modeling analysis for criteria pollutants has been performed in accordance with their
impact analysis modeling guidance, Policy DAR10. In addition, a modeling analysis that
addresses TAPs is performed per Policy DAR1. This report details the NAAQS and TAPs
modeling assessment for the proposed Hancock Station.
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2.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
The existing Hancock Compressor Station is located in a rural area in the town of
Hancock, Delaware County, New York. The site is currently developed, consisting of
components of the existing Hancock Compressor Station.
The approximate Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) coordinates of the facility are:
488,200 meters east and 4,636,900 meters north in Zone 18 (North American Datum of
1983(NAD83)).
Air emissions from the existing facility are permitted under NYSDEC Air State Facility
Permit ID: 4-1236-00708/00001, which became effective on March 18, 2013. The facility
wide potentialtoemit of the Hancock compressor station is as summarized in the
following Table 2-1.
Exempt (1)
Solar Waukesha Exempt (2)
Mars VGF36GL Waste Trivial (3) Existing
Pollutant Liquids Station Facility
100 880 hp
Storage Tank Blowdowns Total
Turbine Emergency (4,000 gal)
Generator
NOx 34.24 0.97 - - 35.21
VOC 3.94 0.49 2.41 0.17 7.01
CO 47.62 1.94 - - 49.56
SO2 8.26 0.001 - - 8.26
PM10/PM2.5 12.47 0.02 - - 12.49
(4)
GHG 69,319 219 - 675 70,212
HAPs 0.61 0.13 - 0.09 0.83
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Table 2-1: Existing Facility Emissions
(1)
Exempt
Solar Waukesha Exempt (2)
Mars VGF36GL Waste Trivial (3) Existing
Pollutant Liquids Station Facility
100 880 hp
Storage Tank Blowdowns Total
Turbine Emergency (4,000 gal)
Generator
(1) Exempt per 201-3.2(c)(6) for emergency power generating stationary internal combustion engines which meet the
requirements of 200.1(cq) of operation when the usual source of electric power is unavailable and no more than 500
hours per year inclusive of emergency operation, testing, and maintenance.
(2) Exempt per 201-3.2(c)(25) for storage tanks under 10,000 gallons, not otherwise subject to Parts 229 or 233
(3) Trivial per 201-3.3(94) for emissions of .oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, simple asphyxiants including methane and
propane, trace constituents included in raw materials or byproducts, where the constituents are less than 1 percent by
weight for any regulated air pollutant, or 0.1 percent by weight for any carcinogen listed by the United States
Department of Health and Human Services Seventh Annual Report on Carcinogens (1994). The definition of
regulated air pollutant under 200.1(bu) does not include methane or ethane.
(4) Greenhouse gases calculated as CO2e.
(5) The individual HAP with the highest total annual emission rate is formaldehyde.
As a part of the Eastern System Upgrade project, Millennium is proposing to install the
following new equipment at the Hancock compressor station:
One new Solar Titan 130-22402S, 22,400 HP (ISO) natural gas fired turbine
driven compressor unit;
One new Waukesha VGF48GL (1,230 hp) natural gas fired emergency generator;
One new 1.2 MMBtu/hr heat input natural gas fired fuel gas heater; and
One new 1,500 gallon oil storage tank
The new Waukesha (1,230 hp) emergency generator has a four stroke, lean burn, natural
gasfired stationary reciprocating internal combustion engine. The proposed emergency
generator will be installed to meet site wide emergency electrical demands as a result of
the Eastern System Upgrade project and will be operated only during normal testing,
maintenance, and emergency situations.
The proposed Solar Titan 130E natural gas-fired turbine to be installed at the Hancock
Compressor Station will be equipped with Solars SoLoNOx dry low NOx combustor
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technology for NOx control. Emissions for the Solar Turbine assumes that the unit will
operate up to 8,760 hours per year and up to 100% rated output. The vendor provided
emission rates for normal operating conditions are as follows (all emissions rates are in
terms of parts per million dry volume (ppmvd) @ 15% O2):
15 ppmvd NOx;
25 ppmvd CO;
25 ppmvd unburned hydrocarbons (UHC); and
5 ppmvd VOC.
Depending upon demand, the turbine may operate at loads ranging from 50% to 100% of
full capacity. Because of the different emission rates and exhaust characteristics that
occur at different loads and ambient temperatures, a matrix of operating modes is
presented. Emission parameters for three turbine loads (50%, 75%, and 100%) and six
ambient temperatures (0oF, 20oF, 40oF, 60oF, 80oF and 100oF) are accounted for in this
air quality assessment to cover the range of steady-state turbine operations.
At very low load and cold temperature extremes, the turbine system must be controlled
differently in order to assure stable operation. The required adjustments to the turbine
controls at these conditions cause emissions of NOx, CO and VOC to increase (emission
rates of other pollutants are unchanged). Low-load operation (non-normal SoLoNOx
operation) of the turbines is expected to occur only during periods of startup and
shutdown and for maintenance or unforeseen emergency events. The annual hours of
operation during low load operation was assumed to be not more than 10 hours per year.
Similarly, Solar has provided emission estimates for low temperature operation (inlet
combustion air temperature less than 0 F and greater than -20 F). Estimated pre-
control emissions from the turbines at low temperature conditions are:
Millennium reviewed historic meteorological data from the previous five years for the
region to estimate the worst case number of hours per year under sub-zero (less than 0
F) conditions. The annual hours of operation during sub-zero conditions was assumed to
be not more than 120 hours per year.
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Turbine emission rates during start-up and shutdown events increase for NOx, CO and
VOC as compared to operating above 50% load. The start-up process for the Solar Titan
130E turbine takes approximately 10 minutes from the initiation of start-up to normal
operation (equal to or greater than 50% load). Shutdown takes approximately 10
minutes. Millennium has estimated there would be 100 start-up/shutdown events per
year.
Millennium is proposing to install a new Waukesha VGF48GL (1,230 hp) four stroke lean
burn natural gas fired emergency generator. The emergency generator will operate for no
more than 500 hours/year, and therefore meets the definition of an emergency power
generating stationary internal combustion engine under 6 NYCRR 200.1(cq). As
previously indicated, the generator is an exempt source per 6 NYCRR 2013.2(c)(6),
however the potential emissions for this new unit are included for NSR and Title V
applicability purposes.
Millennium is proposing to install one new 1.2 MMBtu/hr (heat input) natural gas heater.
As previously indicated, the heater is an exempt source per 6 NYCRR 2013.2(c)(1)(i),
however the potential emissions for this new unit are included for NSR and Title V
applicability purposes.
Table 2-2 presents project emission potentials from the new and modified units to be
installed as a part of the proposed modifications at Hancock. For new units, project
emission potential is equal to potentials to emit. For modified and existing units, the
project emission potential equals the potential emissions of the unit minus baseline actual
emissions. Per 6 NYCRR 2314.1(b)(41)(ii), potential emissions are used in place of
projected actual emissions. For the existing, unmodified units with associated emission
increases, project emission potential may be calculated as projected actual emissions
minus baseline actual emissions. However, project emission potential is conservatively
set equal to potential emissions.
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Table 2-2: Proposed Facility Emissions
Solar Exempt
Waukesha Exempt Trivial Trivial Proposed
Titan
Pollutant Emergency Fuel Gas Station Station Project
130E
Heater Blowdowns Fugitives Total
Turbine Generator
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3.0 AIR QUALITY MODELING ANALYSIS
Background ambient air quality data was obtained from various existing monitoring
locations. Based on a review of the locations of Pennsylvania and New York ambient air
quality monitoring sites, the closest monitoring sites were used to represent the current
background air quality in the site area.
Background data for CO, NO2, and PM2.5 was obtained from a monitoring station located
in Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania (USEPA AIRData # 42-069-2006). This monitor
is located in the city of Scranton that has a higher population density and higher density
of industrial facilities than the Hancock area in Delaware County. Further, this monitor
is located in an area with a greater amount of mobile and point sources of air emissions
as compared to the project area. Thus, this monitor is considered to conservatively
represent the ambient air quality within the project area.
Background data for SO2 and PM10 was obtained from a monitoring station located in
Luzerne County, Pennsylvania (USEPA AIRData # 42-079-1101). This monitor is located
in city of Wilkes Barre that has a higher population density and higher density of
industrial facilities than the area around the Hancock Station. Further, this monitor is
located in an area with a greater amount of mobile and point sources of air emissions as
compared to the project area. Thus, this monitor is also considered to conservatively
represent the ambient air quality within the project study area.
The monitoring data for the most recent three years (2012 2014) are presented and
compared to the NAAQS in Table 3-1. The maximum measured concentrations for each
of these pollutants during the last three years are all below applicable standards and are
used as representative background values for comparison of facility concentrations to the
NAAQS.
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Table 3-1: Maximum Measured Ambient Air Quality Concentrations
c24-hour 3-year average 98th percentile value for PM-2.5 is 22.3 g/m3; Annual 3-year average value for
An air quality modeling analysis was performed consistent with the procedures found in
the following documents: Guideline on Air Quality Models (Revised) (USEPA, 2005),
New Source Review Workshop Manual (USEPA, 1990), Screening Procedures for
Estimating the Air Quality Impact of Stationary Sources (USEPA, 1992), and DAR-10:
NYSDEC Guidelines on Dispersion Modeling Procedures for Air Quality Impact Analysis
(NYSDEC, 2006).
The USEPA has compiled a set of preferred and alternative computer models for the
calculation of pollutant impacts. The selection of a model depends on the characteristics
of the source, as well as the nature of the surrounding study area. Of the four classes of
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models available, the Gaussian type model is the most widely used technique for
estimating the impacts of nonreactive pollutants.
The AERMOD model was designed for assessing pollutant concentrations from a wide
variety of sources (point, area, and volume). AERMOD is currently recommended by the
USEPA for modeling studies in rural or urban areas, flat or complex terrain, and transport
distances less than 50 kilometers, with one hour to annual averaging times.
The latest version of USEPAs AERMOD model (Version 15181) was used in the analysis.
AERMOD was applied with the regulatory default options and 5-years (2011-2015) of
hourly meteorological data consisting of surface observations from Binghamton Edwin A
Link Field in Binghamton, NY and concurrent upper air data from Albany, NY.
A land cover classification analysis was performed to determine whether the URBAN
option in the AERMOD model should be used in quantifying ground-level concentrations.
The methodology utilized to determine whether the project is located in an urban or rural
area is described below.
The following classifications relate the colors on a United States Geological Survey
(USGS) topographic quadrangle map to the land use type that they represent:
The USGS map covering the area within a 3-kilometer radius of the facility was reviewed
and indicated that the vast majority of the surrounding area is denoted as blue, green, or
white, which represent water, wooded areas, parks, and non-densely packed structures.
Additionally, the AERMOD Implementation Guide published on August 3, 2015
cautions users against applying the Land Use Procedure on a source-by-source basis and
instead to consider the potential for urban heat island influences across the full modeling
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domain. This approach is consistent with the fact that the urban heat island is not a
localized effect, but is more regional in character.
Because the urban heat island is more of a regional effect, the Urban Source option in
AERMOD was not utilized since the area within 3 kilometers of the facility as well as the
full modeling domain (20 kilometers by 20 kilometers) is predominantly rural.
Section 123 of the Clean Air Act (CAA) required the USEPA to promulgate regulations to
assure that the degree of emission limitation for the control of any air pollutant under an
applicable State Implementation Plan (SIP) was not affected by (1) stack heights that
exceed Good Engineering Practice (GEP) or (2) any other dispersion technique. The
USEPA provides specific guidance for determining GEP stack height and for determining
whether building downwash will occur in the Guidance for Determination of Good
Engineering Practice Stack Height (Technical Support Document for the Stack Height
Regulations), (USEPA, 1985). GEP is defined as the height necessary to ensure that
emissions from the stack do not result in excessive concentrations of any air pollutant in
the immediate vicinity of the source as a result of atmospheric downwash, eddies, and
wakes that may be created by the source itself, or nearby structures, or nearby terrain
obstacles.
The GEP definition is based on the observed phenomenon of atmospheric flow in the
immediate vicinity of a structure. It identifies the minimum stack height at which
significant adverse aerodynamics (downwash) are avoided. The USEPA GEP stack height
regulations (40 CFR 51.100) specify that the GEP stack height (HGEP) be calculated in the
following manner:
HGEP = HB + 1.5L
A GEP stack height analysis has been conducted using the USEPA approved Building
Profile Input Program with PRIME (BPIPPRM, version 04274). The maximum
calculated GEP stack height for the new emission sources is 131 feet; the controlling
structure is the existing compressor building (52.5 feet). Direction-specific downwash
parameters were determined using BPIPPRM, version 04274.
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3.2.4 Meteorological Data
If at least one year of hourly on-site meteorological data is not available, the application
of the AERMOD dispersion model requires five years of hourly meteorological data that
are representative of the project site. In addition to being representative, the data must
meet quality and completeness requirements per USEPA guidelines. The closest source
of representative hourly surface meteorological data is Binghamton Edwin A Link Field
located in Binghamton, NY located approximately 48 miles to the northwest of the
Hancock Compressor Station.
The AERMOD model requires receptor data consisting of location coordinates and
ground-level elevations. The receptor generating program, AERMAP (Version 11103),
was used to develop a complete receptor grid to a distance of 10 kilometers from the
proposed facility. AERMAP uses digital elevation model (DEM) or the National Elevation
Dataset (NED) data obtained from the USGS. The preferred elevation dataset based on
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NED data was used in AERMAP to process the receptor grid. This is currently the
preferred data to be used with AERMAP as indicated in the USEPA AERMOD
Implementation Guide published August 3, 2015. AERMAP was run to determine the
representative elevation for each receptor using 1/3 arc second NED files that were
obtained for an area covering at least 10 kilometers in all directions from the proposed
facility. The NED data was obtained through the USGS Seamless Data Server
(http://seamless.usgs.gov/index.php).
The following rectangular (i.e. Cartesian) receptors were used to assess the air quality
impact of the proposed facility:
Consistent with DAR-10 guidance, fine grid receptors (70 meter spacing) for a 20
km (east-west) x 20 km (north-south) grid centered on the proposed facility site.
The facility has a fenced property line that precludes public access to the site. Ambient
air is therefore defined as the area at and beyond the fence. The modeling receptor grid
includes receptors spaced at 25-meter intervals along the entire fence line. Any Cartesian
receptors located within the fence line were removed.
The emission sources responsible for most of the potential emissions from the Hancock
Compressor Station are the two (2) combustion turbines. These units were included in
and are the main focus of the modeling analyses. The modeling includes consideration of
operation over a range of turbine loads, ambient temperatures, and operating scenarios.
Ancillary sources (emergency diesel generators and fuel gas heater) were included in the
modeling for appropriate pollutants and averaging periods. The emergency equipment
may operate for up to 30 minutes in any day for readiness testing and maintenance
purposes. Operation of the emergency equipment for longer periods of time in an
emergency mode will not be expected to occur when the turbines are operating.
Although only limited operation is expected from the emergency equipment, initial
modeling to assess short-term facility impacts assumed concurrent operation of the
emergency equipment for readiness testing (i.e., up to 30 minutes per day) with the
combustion turbines.
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3.3.4 Emission Rates and Exhaust Parameters
The dispersion modeling analysis was conducted with emission rates and flue gas exhaust
characteristics (flow rate and temperature) that are expected to represent the range of
possible values for the proposed and existing natural gas fired turbines. Because emission
rates and flue gas characteristics for a given turbine load vary as a function of ambient
temperature and fuel use, data were derived for a number of ambient temperature cases
for natural gas fuel at 100%, 75% and 50% operating loads. The temperatures were:
To be conservative and limit the number of cases to be modeled, the short-term modeling
analysis was conducted using the lowest stack exhaust temperature and exit velocity
coupled with the maximum emission rate over all ambient temperature cases for each
operating load (with the exception of 1-hour NO2 modeling which excluded the <0F data
as discussed below). Annual modeling was based on the 100% load 40F case (vendor
performance data for the turbine was available for 40F and 60F). The annual average
temperature for the project area is approximately 50F. Use of the 40F emissions data
is conservative as emissions are slightly higher than the 60F case.). Tables 3-2 and 3-3
summarize the stack parameters and emission rates used in the modeling for the
compressor turbines.
Note that the modeling for 1-hour NO2 excluded the emergency generator for which
normal operations (maintenance purposes only) will be limited to no more than 30
minutes per day with an annual limit of 100 hours per year for testing and maintenance
purposes. The 1-hour NO2 modeling also did not consider combustion turbine operations
under sub-zero ambient temperature conditions as these conditions are extremely limited
annually. The exclusion of the emergency generator and sub-zero operations for the
combustion turbines for the 1-hour NO2 modeling is based on USEPA guidance provided
in the March 1, 2011 memorandum, Additional Clarification Regarding Application of
Appendix W Modeling Guidance for the 1-hour NO2 National Ambient Air Quality
Standard for intermittent sources such as emergency generators. In the memo, US EPA
states the following:
Given the implications of the probabilistic form of the 1-hour NO2 NAAQS
discussed above, we are concerned that assuming continuous operation of
intermittent emissions would effectively impose an additional level of stringency
beyond that level intended by the standard itself. As a result, we feel it would be
inappropriate to implement the 1-hour NO2 standard in such a manner and
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recommend that compliance demonstrations for the 1-hour NO2 NAAQS be based
on emission scenarios that can logically be assumed to be relatively continuous or
which occur frequently enough to contribute significantly to the annual
distribution of daily maximum 1-hour concentrations.
The emergency generator and sub-zero operation of the combustion turbine are
considered as intermittent emissions, and thus, were excluded from the 1-hour NO2
modeling assessment.
Table 3-2: Stack Parameters and Emission Rates Existing Solar Mars 100
Compressor Turbine
Parameter Values
Load 50% 75% 100% Annual(2)
Stack Height (m) 18.29 18.29 18.29 18.29
Stack Diameter (m)(1) 2.72 2.72 2.72 2.72
Exhaust Velocity (m/s) 12.23 13.38 14.52 15.94
Exhaust Temperature (K) 737.03 738.71 736.48 752.04
NOx 0.6886 0.8632 0.9236 0.9850
Pollutant
Emissions CO 4.5110 5.2552 5.7442 --
(g/s) SO2 0.1866 0.2174 0.2376 0.2376
PM10/PM2.5 0.2818 0.3283 0.3588 0.3588
(1) The turbine stack is square (95 inches x 95 inches). The value listed and used in the modeling is the
effective diameter for an equivalent area circular stack.
(2) Based on conservative annual average exhaust parameters for 40F and annual potential to
emit discussed in Section 2.
Table 3-3: Stack Parameters and Emission Rates Proposed Titan 130E
Compressor Turbine
Parameter Values
Load 50% 75 100% Annual(2)
Stack Height (m) 21.34 %
21.34 21.34 21.34
Stack Diameter (m)(1) 2.92 2.92 2.92 2.92
Exhaust Velocity (m/s) 11.83 14.03 15.63 17.66
Exhaust Temperature (K) 720.9 730.9 758.7 765.9
NOx 0.858 1.063 1.254 1.375
Pollutant
Emissions CO 5.224 6.471 7.628 -
(g/s) SO2 0.094 0.113 0.130 0.130
PM10/PM2.5 0.251 0.304 0.348 0.348
(1) (1) The turbine stack is square (102 inches x 102 inches). The value listed and used in the modeling
is the effective diameter for an equivalent area circular stack.
(2) (2) Based on conservative annual average exhaust parameters for 40F and annual potential
to emit discussed in Section 2.
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Tables 3-4 through 3-6 present the stack parameters and emission rates for the
emergency diesel generators and fuel gas heater. The emergency diesel generators were
included in the modeling analysis for appropriate pollutants and averaging periods when
used for readiness testing (i.e., up to 30 minutes per day).
Parameter Values
Stack Height (m) 6.25
Stack Diameter (m) 0.30
Exhaust Velocity (m/s) 29.39
Exhaust Temperature (K) 723.7
Averaging Period 1-hr 3-hr 8-hr 24-hr Annual
NOx 0.24 -- -- -- 0.028
Pollutant CO 0.49 -- 0.061 -- --
Emissions SO2 2.77E-04 9.22E-05 -- 1.15E-05 3.16E-05
(g/sec)
PM10/PM2.5 -- -- -- 1.96E-04 5.47E-04
Notes:
Hourly emission rates divided by 2 to simulate limit of 30 minutes testing per day. For the 3-, 8- and
24-hour period the hourly emission rate is further divided by the number of hours in the period.
Parameter Values
Stack Height (m) 5.94
Stack Diameter (m) 0.30
Exhaust Velocity (m/s) 39.84
Exhaust Temperature (K) 721.5
Averaging Period 1-hr 3-hr 8-hr 24-hr Annual
NOx 0.3422 - - - 0.039
Pollutant CO 0.683 - 0.085 - -
Emissions SO2 0.0004 0.00013 - 0.000017 0.00004
(g/sec)
PM10/PM2.5 0.0061 - - 0.00025 0.00069
Notes:
Hourly emission rate divided by 2 to simulate limit of 30 minutes testing per day. For the 3-, 8- and
24-hour period the hourly emission rate is further divided by the number of hours in the period.
Millennium Pipeline Company LLC 3-15 Ambient Air Quality Modeling Assessment
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Table 3-6: Stack Parameters and Emission Rates Proposed Fuel Gas
Heater
Parameter Values
Stack Height (m) 4.877
Stack Diameter (m) 0.406
Exhaust Velocity (m/s) 1.86
Exhaust Temperature (K) 5
NOx 0.015 1
0
Pollutant CO 0.012 .
Emissions SO2 0.0008 9
(g/sec)
PM10/PM2.5 0.0011
Table 3-7 presents the maximum modeled air quality concentrations of the proposed
facility calculated by AERMOD. Note that the modeling included the cumulative impacts
from both the existing station sources and the proposed Project sources. As shown in this
table, the maximum modeled concentrations when combined with a representative
background concentration, are less than the applicable NAAQS/NYAAQS for all
pollutants.
Millennium Pipeline Company LLC 3-16 Ambient Air Quality Modeling Assessment
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3.5 Toxic Ambient Air Contaminant Analysis
Air quality modeling was conducted for potential toxic (non-criteria) air pollutant
emissions from the proposed non-exempt facility sources. The modeling methodology
used in the toxic air pollutant analysis was the same as used in the DEC Part 201 air quality
analyses for criteria air pollutants. Maximum modeled short-term and annual ground
level concentrations of each toxic air pollutant were compared to the DECs short-term
guideline concentration (SGC) and annual guideline concentration (AGC), respectively.
The DEC SGCs and AGCs used in the analysis are listed in the DAR-1 (formerly Air Guide-
1) tables that were published by the DEC in February 2014.
Unit concentrations (ug/m3 per 1.0 g/s emitted) for the 1-hour and annual averaging
periods were calculated for the combustion turbines using AERMOD. The maximum
toxic air pollutant-specific emission rate was multiplied by the modeled unit
concentration to determine the maximum pollutant-specific concentration. Note that
summing the individual maximum source concentrations, regardless of time and location,
provides a conservative estimate of the actual toxic air pollutant concentrations resulting
from the facility. Presented in Table 3-8 are the NYSDEC SGCs and AGCs and the facility
maximum modeled concentrations for each toxic air pollutant. As shown in the table, all
of the maximum modeled toxic air pollutants are well below their corresponding NYSDEC
SGC and AGC.
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Table 3-8: Facility Maximum Modeled Concentrations Compared to SGCs and AGCs
% of % of
Solar Titan 130E Solar Mars 100 Facility Total SGC AGC SGC AGC
1-Hour Annual 1-Hour Annual 1-Hour Annual 1-Hour Annual
Hazardous Air
Pollutants (HAPs) (ug/m3) (ug/m3) (ug/m3) (ug/m3) (ug/m3) (ug/m3) (ug/m3) (ug/m3) % %
Acetaldehyde 2.89E-02 3.01E-04 2.65E-02 3.35E-04 5.54E-02 6.36E-04 470 0.45 0.01% 0.14%
Acrolein 4.63E-03 4.82E-05 4.25E-03 5.37E-05 8.88E-03 1.02E-04 2.5 0.35 0.36% 0.03%
Benzene 8.67E-03 9.04E-05 7.96E-03 1.01E-04 1.66E-02 1.91E-04 1300 0.13 0.00% 0.15%
1,3-Butadiene 3.11E-04 3.24E-06 2.93E-04 3.70E-06 6.04E-04 6.94E-06 --- 0.033 --- 0.02%
Ethylbenzene 2.31E-02 2.41E-04 2.12E-02 2.68E-04 4.43E-02 5.09E-04 --- 1000 --- 0.00%
Formaldehyde 5.13E-01 5.35E-03 4.70E-01 5.94E-03 9.84E-01 1.13E-02 30 0.06 3.28% 18.82%
Naphthalene 9.39E-04 9.80E-06 8.80E-04 1.11E-05 1.82E-03 2.09E-05 7900 3 0.00% 0.00%
PAH 1.59E-03 1.66E-05 1.47E-03 1.85E-05 3.06E-03 3.51E-05 --- 0.02 --- 0.18%
Propylene Oxide 2.10E-02 2.19E-04 1.92E-02 2.43E-04 4.02E-02 4.61E-04 3100 0.27 0.00% 0.17%
Toluene 9.39E-02 9.80E-04 8.61E-02 1.09E-03 1.80E-01 2.07E-03 37000 5000 0.00% 0.00%
Xylenes 4.63E-02 4.82E-04 4.24E-02 5.36E-04 8.87E-02 1.02E-03 22000 100 0.00% 0.00%
Polycyclic Organic Compounds (POM)
Anthracene 5.76E-07 6.01E-09 1.53E-06 1.93E-08 2.10E-06 2.53E-08 --- 0.02 --- 0.00%
Benz(a)anthracene 4.32E-07 4.50E-09 1.14E-06 1.45E-08 1.58E-06 1.90E-08 --- 0.02 --- 0.00%
Chrysene 4.32E-07 4.50E-09 1.14E-06 1.45E-08 1.58E-06 1.90E-08 --- 0.02 --- 0.00%
Dibenzo(a,h)anthracen
e 2.88E-07 3.00E-09 7.63E-07 9.64E-09 1.05E-06 1.26E-08 --- 0.02 --- 0.00%
Fluorene 6.72E-07 7.01E-09 1.78E-06 2.25E-08 2.45E-06 2.95E-08 5.3 0.067 0.00% 0.00%
2-Methylnaphthalene 5.76E-06 6.01E-08 1.53E-05 1.93E-07 2.10E-05 2.53E-07 --- 7.1 --- 0.00%
Phenanthrene 4.08E-06 4.25E-08 1.08E-05 1.36E-07 1.49E-05 1.79E-07 --- 0.02 --- 0.00%
Pyrene 1.20E-06 1.25E-08 3.18E-06 4.01E-08 4.38E-06 5.27E-08 --- 0.02 --- 0.00%
Millennium Pipeline Company LLC 3-18 Ambient Air Quality Modeling Assessment
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3.6 References
NYSDEC, 2006. NYSDEC Guidelines on Dispersion Modeling Procedures for Air Quality
Impact Analysis DAR 10. Impact Assessment and Meteorology Section, Bureau
of Stationary Sources. May 9, 2006.
USEPA, 2015. AERMOD Implementation Guide. AERMOD Implementation
Workgroup, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Air Quality Assessment
Division, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. August 3, 2015.
USEPA, 2014. Clarification on the Use of AERMOD Dispersion Modeling for
Demonstrating Compliance with the NO2 National Ambient Air Quality Standard.
USEPA. September 30, 2014.
USEPA, 2011. Additional Clarification Regarding Application of Appendix W Modeling
Guidance for the 1-Hour NO2 NAAQS. USEPA. March 1, 2011.
USEPA, 2005. Guideline on Air Quality Models (Revised). Appendix W to Title 40 U.S.
Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Parts 51 and 52, Office of Air Quality Planning
and Standards, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Research Triangle Park,
North Carolina. November 6, 2005.
USEPA, 1992. "Screening Procedures for Estimating the Air Quality Impact of Stationary
Sources, Revised". EPA Document 454/R-92-019, Office of Air Quality Planning
and Standards, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
USEPA, 1990. "New Source Review Workshop Manual, Draft". Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina.
USEPA, 1985. Guidelines for Determination of Good Engineering Practice Stack Height
(Technical Support Document for the Stack Height Regulations-Revised). EPA-
450/4-80-023R. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
Millennium Pipeline Company, LLC 3-19 Ambient Air Quality Modeling Assessment
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APPENDIX 9E
Resource Report 9 Air and Noise Quality 9E-i Eastern System Upgrade
HOOVER Acoustics & 11391 MEADOWGLEN, SUITE I
& KEITH Noise Control HOUSTON, TEXAS 77082
INC. Engineering 281-496-9876
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The following report provides the results of an acoustical assessment of four 1 horizontal directional
drilling (HDD) sites associated with the Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. (Millennium) Eastern
System Upgrade (Project). The HDD construction technique is an alternative to traditional "open cut"
construction and is itself an "environmental mitigative measure" for avoiding foreign pipelines, utilities
and water bodies. The purpose of the acoustical assessment is to estimate the sound contribution of
drilling operations at the closest noise-sensitive areas (NSAs), such as residences, schools or
hospitals, and present noise mitigation measures to minimize the noise impact of HDD activities if
warranted.
A 55 dBA Ldn sound level contribution, resulting from HDD drilling operations, at nearby NSAs is
typically utilized by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) as a guideline and/or criteria
when HDD operations could be employed for a 24-hour workday. For 24-hour HDD drilling activities,
FERC also requires mitigation measures to minimize the noise impact of 24-hour HDD activities.
There are no State of New York 2 noise regulations for the HDD construction noise. We are
unaware of any Orange County construction noise regulations. The Town of Deerpark has a
noise ordinance. The text from Section 230-19 is included on page D-1. The Town of Deerpark has a
noise ordinance. The text from Article VIII is included on page D-1.
1 HDD #3A and HDD #3B may also be denoted as HDD #3 in other documents, as Millennium may choose to perform
HDD #3A and HDD #3B as a single longer HDD, which would be denoted as HDD #3.
2 The NYSDEC has a Policy Document (i.e., Program Policy DEP-00-1; Revised Feb. 2, 2001, Assessing and
Mitigating Noise Impacts) to provide guidance and clarify program issues for NYSDEC staff to ensure compliance with
statutory and regulatory requirements for facility operations regulated under New York State Environmental Quality
Reviews or SEQR.
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HDD Construction Noise Assessment H&K Report No. 3356 (07/15/16)
Work Schedule
Millennium intends to employ a 24-hour per day HDD construction schedule for the Project HDDs.
For the readers information, a summary of applicable acoustical terminology in this report and
description of typical metrics used to measure/regulate environmental noise is provided on page E-1.
Figures 1-3 (pp. A-1 to A-3) provide an area layout around the HDD crossings with the HDD entry and
exit points and the closest NSAs. The following Table A summarizes the observed nearby NSAs to
each HDD entry/exit point, the distance/direction of the nearby (closest) NSAs and observed
obstructions between the HDD site and the respective NSA that could provide additional attenuation of
the HDD noise.
HDD No. Entry or Approx. NSA and Distance & Obstructions Ref.
Exit Point Distance Type of NSA Direction of between NSA & Figure in
from Closest NSA HDD Report
Entry to
Exit Sites
Table A: Eastern System Upgrade HDDs - Distance/Direction of the Closest NSA(s) within mile
to each Respective HDD Entry/Exit Site and Other Related Information
Ambient sound measurements and verification of the NSAs around the HDD site were performed by
Hoover & Keith on December 16, 2015 and April 27, 2016. Ambient sound levels were measured
near the closest NSA(s) to each respective HDD site. Ambient sound level data, for each HDD site is
provided on pp. C-1 to C-6.
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The spreadsheet analyses (i.e., acoustical calculations) of the estimated A-wt. sound level contributed
by the HDD operations during peak operating conditions associated with the HDD sites at the closest
NSA are provided in Tables 1 8 (pp. B-1 to B-4). For those HDD sites (i.e., entry or exit location) in
closer proximity to residences, the acoustical assessment predicts the noise contribution of HDD
operations if additional noise mitigation measures are employed. For reference, a description of the
acoustical analysis methodology and the source of sound data are provided on pages B-5 & B-6.
The following denotes the typical equipment at the HDD or direct pipe entry site and most of the listed
equipment are considered noise sources associated with drilling operations:
Drilling rig and engine-driven hydraulic power unit (i.e., most significant noise source); for the
direct pipe method, the :drilling rig is defined as a tunneling machine, which also includes a
hydraulic power unit powered by an enclosed generator;
Engine-driven mud pump(s) and other engine-driven generator set(s);
Mud mixing/cleaning equipment and associated fluid systems shale shakers;
Crane, backhoe, front loader, forklift and/or truck(s); and
Frac tanks (i.e., water & drilling mud storage); and
Engine-driven light plants (nighttime operation).
The following denotes the typical equipment at the HDD exit side and most of the listed equipment are
considered noise sources, noting that the noise generated at the HDD exit side is significantly lower
than the noise generated at the entry side:
The following Table B summarizes the estimated sound level (Ldn) of drilling operations at the closest
NSA(s) to each respective HDD site. The Site Specific Noise Mitigation Plans in Section 7.0
summarizes each HDD and depicts where added noise mitigation measures and/or administrative
actions are to be employed by Millennium.
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HDD No. Entry or Distance & Calc'd Peak Calc'd Peak Meas'd Total Ldn of Increase Ref. Table
Exit Direction of Ldn due to Ldn due to Ambient Ldn HDD + above in Report
Point Closest NSA HDD (w/o HDD (w/ Ambient Ambient Ldn
added added
noise noise
control control
measures) measures)
Table B: Eastern System Upgrade HDDs - Summary of Estd Sound Level Contribution (Leq) of the
HDD Sites within mile, including the assessment of Added Noise Mitigation Measures
for HDD Sites in closer proximity to adjacent NSAs
The following summarizes some potential noise mitigation measures/options that could be employed
at the HDD entry and/or exit site. Note that employing full temporary enclosures for primary
equipment (e.g., hydraulic power unit) may not be feasible due to equipment cooling requirements and
associated costs.
Employ a temporary noise barrier around the workspace associated with the HDD entry site,
which could be constructed of -in. thick plywood panels (e.g., 14-16-ft. high), or equal sound
barrier system, installed around 2 or 3 sides of the HDD workspace; as an alternative to a
workspace barrier, mud tanks, equipment trailers, etc. could be strategically arranged with an
additional barrier system as required;
Employ hospitalgrade exhaust silencers on all engines in conjunction with any of the site HDD
equipment (e.g., generators, pumps & hydraulic power unit);
Partial noise barrier or enclosure around the hydraulic power unit and engine-driven pumps (e.g.,
cover sides and roof of equipment with an acoustically-lined plywood barrier system);
Employ a partial noise barrier around any engine jacket-water (JW) coolers;
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Install a partial barrier or partial enclosure around the mud mixing/cleaning system;
Relocation of specific equipment (e.g., remotely relocate mud rig);
Employ low-noise generators (i.e., designed with a factory acoustical enclosure);
For an HDD exit site, the most practical noise mitigation method is to employ a temporary noise
barrier at the workspace (i.e., between the site equipment and the closest NSAs), since HDD exit
sites include mostly mobile operating equipment;
As a possible alternative to noise mitigation to achieve the sound criterion at NSA(s) that are
relatively close to the HDD sites (e.g., residences 100 to 300 feet of an HDD entry site), prior to
operation of HDD activities, temporary housing or equivalent monetary compensation could be
discussed and/or offered to the nearby land owner(s).
The following section summarizes each HDD and discusses specific noise mitigation measures for
each respective HDD that Millennium intends to implement, and Millennium intends to implement the
listed mitigation measures that were assumed for the noise model. Note that for all HDD sites, a
residentialgrade exhaust silencer shall be employed on all engines associated with the site
equipment (e.g., generators, pumps & hydraulic power unit).
Work Schedule
Millennium intends to employ a 24-hour per day HDD construction schedule for the Project HDDs.
7.1 HDD #1
The HDD #1 pilot hole may be constructed with the intersect method (i.e., drill rigs on both sides until
the pilot hole is established). Upon installation of the pilot hole, the HDD will then be reamed and
pulled back from the HDD #1 Site that is SE of the Neversink River. Therefore, the construction noise
assessment assumes that Entry Site equipment may be utilized on both sides of the HDD crossing.
The closest NSA (NSA #1) is a single house that is 1,000 ft. SW of the entry / exit point and there is
foliage and trees between the entry / exit point and NSA #1. The next closest NSAs are residences
approximately 1,400 ft. W to 1,500 ft. SW.
The results of the construction noise assessment indicate that the estimated peak sound levels at
NSA #1 will not exceed the 55 dBA Ldn criterion; however the potential increase of 13.3 dB above
ambient exceeds the 10 dB secondary criterion that is sometimes requested by FERC. Therefore, the
estimated peak HDD sound levels at NSA #1, have been estimated with and without the following
additional mitigation measures, for information purposes:
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The results of the construction noise assessment indicates that the estimated peak sound levels at
NSA #1 will not exceed the 55 dBA Ldn criterion; however the potential increase of 13.3 dB above
ambient exceeds the 10 dB secondary criterion that is sometimes requested by FERC. The
construction noise assessment indicates that the estimated peak sound levels at NSA #1, with
additional noise mitigation measures, results in a potential 3.4 dB increase above ambient, which does
not exceed the 10 dB secondary criterion that is sometimes requested by FERC.
With respect to 24-hour or daytime only Operations, Millennium will determine with the selected HDD
contractor what hours will be worked at a later date upon receipt of HDD contractor proposals.
The closest NSA (NSA #2) are 3 houses that are 600 to 800 ft. SW of the entry / exit point and there is
minimal shielding from foliage between the entry / exit point and NSA #2. Additional residences are
located approximately 1,000 ft. in the SW to NW direction. A soccer field is located approximately 500
ft. NW of the entry / exit point. The estimated peak HDD sound levels at NSA #2, with the following
additional mitigation measures are as follows:
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The results of the analysis indicates that the estimated Ldn sound level for 24-hour Operation meets
the FERC guideline of 55 dBA Ldn for a 24 hour drilling schedule at the entry / exit site NW of the
Neversink River.
7.2 HDD #2
The HDD #2 pilot hole may be constructed with the intersect method (i.e., drill rigs on both sides until
the pilot hole is established). Upon installation of the pilot hole, the HDD will then be reamed and
pulled back from the HDD #2 Site that is SE of I-84. Therefore, the construction noise assessment
assumes that Entry Site equipment may be utilized on both sides of the HDD crossing.
The closest NSA (NSA #1) is a single residence 1,100 ft. SW of the entry / exit point and there is
shielding by terrain between the entry / exit point and NSA #1. The next closest residences are 1,300
to 1,600 ft. SW of the entry / exit point. The estimated peak HDD sound levels at NSA #1, with no
additional mitigation measures are as follows:
The results of the analysis indicates that the estimated Ldn sound level for 24-hour Operation meets
the FERC guideline of 55 dBA Ldn for a 24 hour drilling schedule at the entry /exit site.
The closest NSA (NSA #2) are 4 residences 950 ft. NW of the entry / exit point and there is some
shielding from foliage between the entry / exit point and NSA #2. The next closest NSAs are 2
residences approximately 1,000 ft. E and 2 residences approximately 1,100 ft. W of the entry / exit
point, and these next closest residences are directly adjacent to I-84. The estimated peak HDD sound
levels at NSA #2, with the following additional mitigation measures are as follows:
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Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith Inc.
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The results of the analysis indicates that the estimated Ldn sound level for 24-hour Operation meets
the FERC guideline of 55 dBA Ldn for a 24 hour drilling schedule at the entry / exit site.
The HDD #3A pilot hole may be constructed with the intersect method (i.e., drill rigs on both sides until
the pilot hole is established). Upon installation of the pilot hole, the HDD will then be reamed and
pulled back from the HDD #3A Site that is immediately NW of Bedell Drive. Therefore, the
construction noise assessment assumes that Entry Site equipment may be utilized on both sides of
the HDD crossing.
The closest NSA (NSA #1) are two residences 500 ft. E to SE of the entry / exit point and there is
partial shielding by foliage and terrain between the entry / exit point and NSA #1. The next closest
residences are 900 ft. SE and NE of the entry / exit point. The estimated peak HDD sound levels at
NSA #1, with the following additional mitigation measures are as follows:
The results of the analysis indicates that the estimated Ldn sound level for 24-hour Operation meets
the FERC guideline of 55 dBA Ldn for a 24 hour drilling schedule at the entry /exit site.
The closest NSA (NSA #3) is a single residence 170 ft. NE of the entry point and there is a clear line
of site between the entry point and NSA #3. The next closest NSAs are 2 residences approximately
425 ft. NE of the entry point. The estimated peak HDD sound levels at NSA #3, with the following
additional mitigation measures are as follows:
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Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith Inc.
Eastern System Upgrade H&K Job No. 4982
HDD Construction Noise Assessment H&K Report No. 3356 (07/15/16)
The results of the analysis indicates that the estimated Ldn sound level for 24-hour Operation exceeds
the FERC guideline of 55 dBA Ldn for a 24 hour drilling schedule at the entry point.
With respect to 24-hour or daytime only Operations, Millennium will determine with the selected HDD
contractor what hours will be worked at a later date upon receipt of HDD contractor proposals.
Additional noise control measures and noise control strategies will continue to be developed for the
HDD #3A entry side.
The closest NSA (NSA #3) is a single residence 150 ft. NE of the entry point and there is a clear line
of site between the entry point and NSA #3. The next closest NSAs are 2 residences approximately
375 to 400 ft. NE of the entry point. The estimated peak HDD sound levels at NSA #3, with the
following additional mitigation measures are as follows:
The results of the analysis indicates that the estimated Ldn sound level for 24-hour Operation exceeds
the FERC guideline of 55 dBA Ldn for a 24 hour drilling schedule at the entry point.
With respect to 24-hour or daytime only Operations, Millennium will determine with the selected HDD
contractor what hours will be worked at a later date upon receipt of HDD contractor proposals.
Additional noise control measures and noise control strategies will continue to be developed for the
HDD #3B entry side.
The closest NSA (NSA #2) are four residences 450 ft. W to N of the exit point and there is some
shielding by foliage between the exit point and NSA #2. The next closest residences are 650 to 725 ft.
W to N exit point. The estimated peak HDD sound levels at NSA #2, with no additional mitigation
measures are as follows:
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Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith Inc.
Eastern System Upgrade H&K Job No. 4982
HDD Construction Noise Assessment H&K Report No. 3356 (07/15/16)
The results of the analysis indicates that the estimated Ldn sound level for 24-hour Operation meets
the FERC guideline of 55 dBA Ldn for a 24 hour drilling schedule at the exit site.
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N
The Neversink HDD will be an
intersect with drill rigs on both
sides until the pilot hole is
established. The HDD will then be
reamed and pulled back from the
HDD Site SE of the Neversink River.
HDD #1
ENTRY / EXIT
POINT
NSA#2
600'
SHWY
209
NEVERSINK
POS.2 RIVER
HDD #1
ENTRY / EXIT
POINT
NSA#1
1000'
POS.1
NEVERSINK DR
(SR 80)
LEGEND
- MEASUREMENT POSITION
NSA - NOISE SENSITIVE AREA
- NONRESIDENTIAL BUILDING
APPROXIMATE SCALE IN FEET
- HOUSE OR MOBILE HOME
0 450 900 1800 - TREES OR HEAVY FOLIAGE
Figure 1: HDD #1 (Neversink River): Area Layout Showing the location of HDD Crossing, HDD
Entry/Exit Location and nearby NSAs
A-1
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POINTS POINT
0'
I-84
BEDELL
DR
HDD #3B
EXIT POINT
I-84
HDD #2
ENTRY / EXIT
POINT
NSA#1
11
00
'
LEGEND US 6 POS.1
- MEASUREMENT POSITION
NSA- NOISE SENSITIVE AREA
- NONRESIDENTIAL BUILDING
- HOUSE OR MOBILE HOME
- TREES OR HEAVY FOLIAGE
Figure 2: HDD #2 (I-84): Area Layout Showing the location of HDD Crossing, HDD Entry/Exit
Location and nearby NSAs
A-2
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MOUNTAIN
RD
NSA#3
(150' FROM 3B
170' FROM 3A)
ORIOLE
WAY
POS.2 NSA#2
HDD #3A
& #3B HDD #3B
ENTRY EXIT POINT
450'
POINTS
HDD #2
ENTRY/EXIT
N BEDELL POINT
DR
LEGEND
- MEASUREMENT POSITION
NSA- NOISE SENSITIVE AREA I-84
- NONRESIDENTIAL BUILDING
- HOUSE OR MOBILE HOME
- TREES OR HEAVY FOLIAGE
Figure 3: HDD #3A & #3B (Mountain Road & Bedell Drive): Area Layout Showing the location of
HDD Crossing, HDD Entry/Exit Location and nearby NSAs
A-3
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Dist. (Ft) or Noise Source and Other Conditions/Factors SPL or PWL in dB Per Octave-Band Center Freq. (Hz) A-Wt.
Calculation associated with Acoustical Analysis 31.5 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 Level
Peak PWL of HDD Operation at an Entry Point 118 115 112 114 112 109 108 106 98 115
Attenuation by Foliage and/or Land Contour -3 -4 -5 -6 -8 -10 -10 -10 -10
1000Hemispherical Radiation -58 -58 -58 -58 -58 -58 -58 -58 -58 Calc'd
1000Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 0 -1 -1 -2 -4 -8 -14 Ldn
Est'd Total Sound Contribution with No Additional NC 57 53 49 50 46 39 36 30 16 46.8 53.2
Ambient Sound Level 40.1
Sound Contribution of HDD plus Ambient Level 53.4
Potential Increase above the Ambient Sound Level (dB) 13.3
Attenuation due to Added Noise Mitigation Measures -4 -6 -8 -10 -14 -16 -16 -16 -16
Table 1: HDD #1: Est'd Contribution of the HDD Operations at Closest NSA (NSA #1; Residence 1,000 ft. SW of Entry / Exit Point)
including Sound Level with Additional Noise Mitigation Measures Employed (i.e., Noise Barrier around HDD Site)
Dist. (Ft) or Noise Source and Other Conditions/Factors SPL or PWL in dB Per Octave-Band Center Freq. (Hz) A-Wt.
Calculation associated with Acoustical Analysis 31.5 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 Level
Peak PWL of HDD Operation at an Entry Point 118 115 112 114 112 109 108 106 98 103
Attenuation by Foliage and/or Land Contour 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -5 -5 -5
600 Hemispherical Radiation -53 -53 -53 -53 -53 -53 -53 -53 -53 Calc'd
600 Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 0 0 0 -1 -2 -5 -8 Ldn
Est'd Total Sound Contribution with No Additional NC 65 61 57 57 54 50 47 43 31 56.0 62.4
Ambient Sound Level 56.2
Sound Contribution of HDD plus Ambient Level 63.4
Potential Increase above the Ambient Sound Level (dB) 7.1
Attenuation due to Added Noise Mitigation Measures -4 -6 -8 -10 -14 -16 -16 -16 -16
Table 2: HDD #1: Est'd Contribution of the HDD Operations at Closest NSA (NSA #2; Residences 600 ft. SW of Entry / Exit Point),
including Sound Level with Additional Noise Mitigation Measures Employed (i.e., Noise Barrier around HDD Site)
B-1
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith Inc.
Eastern System Upgrade H&K Job No. 4982
HDD Construction Noise Assessment H&K Report No. 3356 (07/15/16)
Dist. (Ft) or Noise Source and Other Conditions/Factors SPL or PWL in dB Per Octave-Band Center Freq. (Hz) A-Wt.
Calculation associated with Acoustical Analysis 31.5 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 Level
Peak PWL of HDD Operation at an Entry Point 118 115 112 114 112 109 108 106 98 115
Attenuation by Foliage and/or Land Contour -3 -4 -5 -6 -8 -10 -10 -10 -10
1100Hemispherical Radiation -59 -59 -59 -59 -59 -59 -59 -59 -59 Calc'd
1100Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 0 -1 -1 -2 -4 -9 -15 Ldn
Est'd Total Sound Contribution with No Additional NC 56 52 48 49 45 38 35 29 14 45.8 52.2
Ambient Sound Level 53.7
Sound Contribution of HDD plus Ambient Level 56.0
Potential Increase above the Ambient Sound Level (dB) 2.3
Table 3: HDD #2: Est'd Contribution of the HDD Operations at Closest NSA (NSA #1; Residence 1,100 ft. SW of Entry / Exit Point)
with no Additional Noise Mitigation Measures Employed
Dist. (Ft) or Noise Source and Other Conditions/Factors SPL or PWL in dB Per Octave-Band Center Freq. (Hz) A-Wt.
Calculation associated with Acoustical Analysis 31.5 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 Level
Peak PWL of HDD Operation at an Entry Point 118 115 112 114 112 109 108 106 98 115
Attenuation by Foliage and/or Land Contour 0 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -6 -6 -6
950 Hemispherical Radiation -57 -57 -57 -57 -57 -57 -57 -57 -57 Calc'd
950 Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 0 0 -1 -2 -4 -8 -13 Ldn
Est'd Total Sound Contribution with No Additional NC 61 56 52 52 49 44 41 35 21 50.4 56.8
Ambient Sound Level 44.6
Sound Contribution of HDD plus Ambient Level (dBA) 57.1
Potential Increase above the Ambient Sound Level (dB) 12.5
Attenuation due to Added Noise Mitigation Measures -4 -6 -8 -10 -14 -16 -16 -16 -16
Est'd Sound Level of HDD + Added Mitigation Measures 57 50 44 42 35 28 25 19 5 37.5 43.9
Ambient Sound Level 44.6
Sound Contribution of HDD plus Ambient Level (dBA) 47.3
Potential Increase above the Ambient Sound Level (dB) 2.7
Table 4: HDD #2: Est'd Contribution of the HDD Operations at Closest NSA (NSA #2; Residences 950 ft. NW of Entry / Exit Point),
including Sound Level with Additional Noise Mitigation Measures Employed (i.e., Noise Barrier around HDD Site)
B-2
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith Inc.
Eastern System Upgrade H&K Job No. 4982
HDD Construction Noise Assessment H&K Report No. 3356 (07/15/16)
Dist. (Ft) or Noise Source and Other Conditions/Factors SPL or PWL in dB Per Octave-Band Center Freq. (Hz) A-Wt.
Calculation associated with Acoustical Analysis 31.5 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 Level
Peak PWL of HDD Operation at an Entry Point 118 115 112 114 112 109 108 106 98 115
Attenuation by Foliage and/or Land Contour 0 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -6 -6 -6
500 Hemispherical Radiation -52 -52 -52 -52 -52 -52 -52 -52 -52 Calc'd
500 Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 0 0 0 -1 -2 -4 -7 Ldn
Est'd Total Sound Contribution with No Additional NC 66 61 57 58 55 50 48 44 33 56.8 63.2
Ambient Sound Level 48.5
Sound Contribution of HDD plus Ambient Level 63.4
Potential Increase above the Ambient Sound Level (dB) 14.9
Attenuation due to Added Noise Mitigation Measures -4 -6 -8 -10 -14 -16 -16 -16 -16
Est'd Sound Level of HDD + Added Mitigation Measures 62 55 49 48 41 34 32 28 17 43.7 50.1
Ambient Sound Level 48.5
Sound Contribution of HDD plus Ambient Level 52.4
Potential Increase above the Ambient Sound Level (dB) 3.8
Table 5: HDD #3A: Est'd Contribution of the HDD Operations at Closest NSA (NSA #1; Residences 500 ft. E to SE of
Entry/Exit Point) including Sound Level with Additional Noise Mitigation Measures Employed (i.e., Noise Barrier
around HDD Site)
Dist. (Ft) or Noise Source and Other Conditions/Factors SPL or PWL in dB Per Octave-Band Center Freq. (Hz) A-Wt.
Calculation associated with Acoustical Analysis 31.5 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 Level
Peak PWL of HDD Operation at an Exit Point 118 115 112 114 112 109 108 106 98 115
Attenuation by Foliage and/or Land Contour 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
170Hemispherical Radiation -42 -42 -42 -42 -42 -42 -42 -42 -42 Calc'd
170Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 -1 -2 Ldn
Est'd Total Sound Contribution with No Additional NC 76 73 70 72 70 66 65 62 53 72.4 78.8
Ambient Sound Level 44.6
Sound Contribution of HDD plus Ambient Level (dBA) 78.8
Potential Increase above the Ambient Sound Level (dB) 34.2
Attenuation due to Added Noise Mitigation Measures -4 -6 -8 -10 -14 -16 -16 -16 -16
Est'd Sound Level of HDD + Added Mitigation Measures 72 67 62 62 56 50 49 46 37 58.3 64.7
Ambient Sound Level 44.6
Sound Contribution of HDD plus Ambient Level (dBA) 64.8
Potential Increase above the Ambient Sound Level (dB) 20.2
Table 6: HDD #3A: Est'd Contribution of the HDD Operations at Closest NSA (NSA #3; Residences 170 ft. NE of
Entry/Exit Point), including Sound Level with Additional Noise Mitigation Measures Employed (i.e., Noise Barrier
around HDD Site)
B-3
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith Inc.
Eastern System Upgrade H&K Job No. 4982
HDD Construction Noise Assessment H&K Report No. 3356 (07/15/16)
Dist. (Ft) or Noise Source and Other Conditions/Factors SPL or PWL in dB Per Octave-Band Center Freq. (Hz) A-Wt.
Calculation associated with Acoustical Analysis 31.5 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 Level
Peak PWL of HDD Operation at an Entry Point 118 115 112 114 112 109 108 106 98 115
Attenuation by Foliage and/or Land Contour 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
150Hemispherical Radiation -41 -41 -41 -41 -41 -41 -41 -41 -41 Calc'd
150Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 -1 -2 Ldn
Est'd Total Sound Contribution with No Additional NC 77 74 71 73 71 67 66 64 55 73.5 79.9
Ambient Sound Level 44.6
Sound Contribution of HDD plus Ambient Level 79.9
Potential Increase above the Ambient Sound Level (dB) 35.3
Attenuation due to Added Noise Mitigation Measures -4 -6 -8 -10 -14 -16 -16 -16 -16
Est'd Sound Level of HDD + Added Mitigation Measures 73 68 63 63 57 51 50 48 39 59.5 65.9
Ambient Sound Level 44.6
Sound Contribution of HDD plus Ambient Level 65.9
Potential Increase above the Ambient Sound Level (dB) 21.3
Table 7: HDD #3B: Est'd Contribution of the HDD Operations at Closest NSA (NSA #3; Residences 150 ft. NE of
Entry/Exit Point), including Sound Level with Additional Noise Mitigation Measures Employed (i.e., Noise Barrier
around HDD Site)
Dist. (Ft) or Noise Source and Other Conditions/Factors SPL or PWL in dB Per Octave-Band Center Freq. (Hz) A-Wt.
Calculation associated with Acoustical Analysis 31.5 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 Level
Peak PWL of HDD Operation at an Exit Point 110 108 105 102 100 98 95 92 88 103
Attenuation by Foliage and/or Land Contour 0 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -6 -6 -6
450 Hemispherical Radiation -51 -51 -51 -51 -51 -51 -51 -51 -51 Calc'd
450 Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 0 0 0 -1 -2 -4 -6 Ldn
Est'd Total Sound Contribution with No Additional NC 59 55 51 47 44 40 36 32 25 46.1 52.5
Ambient Sound Level 44.6
Sound Contribution of HDD plus Ambient Level (dBA) 53.2
Potential Increase above the Ambient Sound Level (dB) 8.6
Table 8: HDD #3B: Est'd Contribution of the HDD Operations at Closest NSA (NSA #2; Residences 450 ft. W to N of Exit Point),
with no Additional Noise Mitigation Measures Employed
B-4
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith Inc.
Eastern System Upgrade H&K Job No. 4982
HDD Construction Noise Assessment H&K Report No. 3356 (07/15/16)
In general, the predicted A-wt. sound level contributed by drilling operations at HDD operations at the
nearby NSAs was calculated as a function of frequency from estimated unweighted octave-band (O.B.)
sound power levels (PWLs) during peak operations of HDD stationary equipment at either the HDD
entry site or HDD exit site. The following summarizes the acoustical analysis procedure:
Initially, unweighted O.B. PWLs of the HDD operations were determined from actual sound level
measurements by H&K on similar type of HDD operations and equipment expected for this project.
Estimated PWL values of the HDD operations were calculated from sound measurements at different
distances/directions from HDD operations (e.g., sound measurements at 100 feet, 200 feet, 400 feet
and 800 feet from typical HDD equipment operations).*
Then, expected attenuation in dB per O.B. frequency due to hemispherical sound propagation
(discussed in more detail below**), atmospheric sound absorption (discussed in more detail below***)
and other factors (e.g., attenuation due to foliage and topography**) were subtracted from the
unweighted O.B. PWLs to obtain unweighted O.B. sound pressure levels (SPLs) of HDD operations.
Finally, the resulting estimated total unweighted O.B. SPLs for the HDD operations, including sound
attenuation effects, were logarithmically summed and corrected for A-weighting to provide the
estimated overall A-wt. sound level contributed by the drilling operations at the specified distance(s).
*It should be noted that the estimated sound power levels of HDD operations utilized in the H&K acoustical
analyses were based on measured sound level data at different distances from actual HDD construction
sites, and therefore, the PWL values, for the most part, includes the effect of ground effect (e.g., ground
absorption). Consequently, in our opinion, it would not be appropriate to strictly follow internationalbased
standards, such as ISO 9613-2 1, when calculating the estimated A-wt. sound level at a respective
receptor (i.e., NSA) via the PWL values utilized in the H&K acoustical analysis methodology.
**Attenuation due to hemispherical sound propagation: Sound propagates outwards in all directions (i.e.,
length, width, height) from a point source, and the sound energy of a noise source decreases with
increasing distance from the source. In the case of hemispherical sound propagation, the source is
located on a flat continuous plane/surface (e.g., ground), and the sound radiates hemispherically (i.e.,
outward, over and above the surface) from the source. The following equation is the theoretical decrease
of sound energy when determining the resulting O.B. SPLs of a noise source at a specific distance (r) of
a receiver from a source O.B. PWL values:
1International Standard Organization (ISO) 9613-2, Dec. 15, 1996 (Publication Date): Acoustics - Attenuation of
Sound During Propagation Outdoors - Part 2: General Method of Calculation
B-5
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith Inc.
Eastern System Upgrade H&K Job No. 4982
HDD Construction Noise Assessment H&K Report No. 3356 (07/15/16)
***Attenuation due to air absorption, foliage and topography: Air absorbs sound energy, and the amount of
absorption (attenuation) is dependent on the temperature and relative humidity (R.H.) of air and
frequency of sound. For example, the attenuation due to air absorption for 1000 Hz O.B. SPL is
approximately 1.5 dB per 1,000 feet for standard day conditions. Potential attenuation of foliage, based
on our experience and an ISO Standard 2, the medium-frequency attenuation (i.e., 1000 Hz) due to
forest/trees greater than 500 feet thick is approximately 10 dB. Also, forested areas with plantings more
than 100 feet deep can provide some attenuation of ground level noise sources. In addition, the
topography (i.e., land contour, such as a hill or ridge) between the HDD site and the nearby NSA(s) can
provide some additional attenuation of the HDD noise contribution at the respective NSA(s).
2ISO Standard 9613-1: 1993 (E); Acoustics Attenuation of sound during propagation outdoors Part 1: Calculation
of the Absorption of Sound by the Atmosphere, and Part 2: General method of calculation
B-6
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith Inc.
Eastern System Upgrade H&K Job No. 4982
HDD Construction Noise Assessment H&K Report No. 3356 (07/15/16)
Table A-1: ESU Project: HDD #1 (Deerpark, NY): Summary of Ambient Day/Night Sound Levels
at the NSAs as Meas'd on Dec. 16, 2015, along with Resulting Ldn
Note (1): Ldn calculated by adding 6.4 dB to the measured Ld. If both the Ld and Ln are measured and/or
estimated, the Ldn is calculated using the following formula:
15 9
Ldn = 10 log10 10 Ld /10 + 10 ( Ln +10 ) /10
24 24
Table B-1: ESU Project: HDD #1 (Deerpark, NY): Summary of the Meteorological
Conditions during the Sound Survey on Dec. 16, 2015
C-1
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith Inc.
Eastern System Upgrade H&K Job No. 4982
HDD Construction Noise Assessment H&K Report No. 3356 (07/15/16)
Measurement Set Sound Pressure Level (SPL) in dB per Octave-Band Freq. (in Hz) A-Wt.
Meas. Pos. & NSA Time of Test 31.5 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 Level
Pos. 1 (NSA #1) 1:53 PM 44.9 46.9 36.9 30.3 36.4 37.1 30.8 25.3 22.8 39.9
Residence 1:57 PM 48.0 44.9 34.8 30.4 33.1 34.9 29.0 22.1 12.2 37.5
1,000 ft. SW of 2:01 PM 46.2 45.2 37.3 28.9 33.9 36.6 30.5 18.2 11.5 38.8
Entry / Exit Site Average SPL 46.6 45.8 36.5 29.9 34.7 36.3 30.2 22.8 18.7 38.9
Pos. 2 (NSA #2) 2:05 PM 61.4 61.4 54.0 48.4 47.5 53.4 46.1 33.5 18.9 55.0
Residences 2:10 PM 54.7 57.0 54.6 52.5 51.2 55.2 49.1 39.3 25.3 57.3
600 ft. SW of 2:11 PM 55.8 60.1 58.7 52.6 53.9 57.0 50.0 38.5 25.4 59.0
Entry / Exit Site Average SPL 58.4 59.9 56.3 51.6 51.6 55.4 48.7 37.7 24.1 57.4
Table C-1: ESU Project: HDD #1 (Deerpark, NY): Measured Daytime Ambient Ld and
Unweighted Octave-Band ("O.B.") SPLs at the NSAs as Measured on Dec. 16, 2016
Measurement Set Sound Pressure Level (SPL) in dB per Octave-Band Freq. (in Hz) A-Wt.
Meas. Pos. & NSA Time of Test 31.5 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 Level
Pos. 1 (NSA #1) 1:16 AM 51.0 46.7 34.1 29.5 27.2 26.8 21.6 15.8 12.3 31.1
Residence 1:17 AM 53.5 47.9 35.1 31.1 28.0 28.0 22.9 16.7 13.3 32.3
1,000 ft. SW of 1:18 AM 44.2 42.7 32.4 30.8 27.4 27.3 21.6 14.7 12.2 31.1
Entry / Exit Site Average SPL 51.0 46.3 34.0 30.5 27.5 27.4 22.1 15.8 12.6 31.5
Pos. 2 (NSA #2) 1:23 AM 41.5 41.6 32.5 31.2 27.9 26.8 21.8 17.0 12.5 31.2
Residences 1:24 AM 41.2 41.6 34.5 32.1 28.9 28.8 25.4 24.0 20.1 33.6
600 ft. SW of 1:25 AM 38.3 40.2 33.9 30.2 28.5 28.3 23.0 15.5 12.3 31.9
Entry / Exit Site Average SPL 40.6 41.2 33.7 31.2 28.5 28.0 23.7 20.5 16.6 32.4
Table D-1: ESU Project: HDD #1 (Deerpark, NY): Measured Nighttime Ambient Ln and
Octave-Band ("O.B.") SPLs at the NSAs as Measured on Dec. 16, 2016
C-2
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith Inc.
Eastern System Upgrade H&K Job No. 4982
HDD Construction Noise Assessment H&K Report No. 3356 (07/15/16)
Table A-2: ESU Project: HDD #2 (Greenville, NY): Summary of Ambient Day/Night Sound
Levels as Meas'd on Dec. 16, 2015, along with Resulting Ldn
Note (1): Ldn calculated by adding 6.4 dB to the measured Ld. If both the Ld and Ln are measured and/or
estimated, the Ldn is calculated using the following formula:
15 9
Ldn = 10 log10 10 Ld /10 + 10( Ln +10 )/10
24 24
Table B-2: ESU Project: HDD #2 (Greenville, NY): Summary of the Meteorological
Conditions during the Sound Survey on Dec. 16, 2015
C-3
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith Inc.
Eastern System Upgrade H&K Job No. 4982
HDD Construction Noise Assessment H&K Report No. 3356 (07/15/16)
Measurement Set Sound Pressure Level (SPL) in dB per Octave-Band Freq. (in Hz) A-Wt.
Meas. Pos. & NSA Time of Test 31.5 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 Level
Pos. 1 (NSA #1) 1:08 PM 50.1 54.4 42.8 31.9 29.4 34.0 28.5 15.3 12.0 37.2
Residence 1:10 PM 48.1 45.7 40.0 31.2 26.8 36.2 28.2 13.2 11.7 37.6
1,100 ft. SE of 1:11 PM 47.7 47.2 40.4 30.0 29.8 38.1 32.0 18.3 11.9 39.8
Entry / Exit Site Average SPL 48.8 50.9 41.3 31.1 28.9 36.4 29.9 16.1 11.9 38.4
Pos. 2 (NSA #2) 1:27 PM 55.8 55.5 47.8 37.5 39.6 39.9 29.9 15.6 14.1 42.7
Residences 1:28 PM 60.8 59.4 48.1 37.0 40.0 41.2 31.7 16.4 17.5 43.9
950 ft. NW of 1:29 PM 62.8 59.6 49.9 41.2 42.8 43.8 33.6 20.8 16.8 46.4
Entry / Exit Site Average SPL 60.7 58.5 48.7 39.0 41.0 41.9 32.0 18.2 16.4 44.6
Table C-2: ESU Project: HDD #2 (Greenville, NY): Measured Daytime Ambient Ld and
Unweighted Octave-Band ("O.B.") SPLs at the NSAs as Measured on Dec. 16, 2015
Measurement Set Sound Pressure Level (SPL) in dB per Octave-Band Freq. (in Hz) A-Wt.
Meas. Pos. & NSA Time of Test 31.5 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 Level
Pos. 1 (NSA #1) 1:47 AM 57.8 49.6 46.1 41.8 43.1 42.8 27.1 18.8 18.2 45.2
Residence 1:48 AM 53.9 53.7 45.7 41.9 43.2 43.1 28.1 18.7 18.0 45.5
1,100 ft. SE of 1:49 AM 54.8 49.8 45.3 41.5 42.6 42.2 28.2 19.8 18.5 44.7
Entry / Exit Site Average SPL 55.8 51.5 45.7 41.7 43.0 42.7 27.8 19.1 18.2 45.2
Pos. 2 (NSA #2) 2:27 AM 48.7 46.8 40.9 32.2 34.6 32.8 25.5 21.1 16.5 36.7
Residences 2:28 AM 48.1 43.9 37.9 30.9 32.4 33.2 25.7 20.5 15.5 36.0
950 ft. NW of 2:29 AM 45.9 44.0 39.2 33.3 32.0 30.8 25.6 22.8 17.5 35.2
Entry / Exit Site Average SPL 47.7 45.1 39.5 32.2 33.2 32.4 25.6 21.6 16.6 36.0
Table D-2: ESU Project: HDD #2 (Greenville, NY): Measured Nighttime Ambient Ld and
Unweighted Octave-Band ("O.B.") SPLs at the NSAs as Measured on Dec. 16, 2015
C-4
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith Inc.
Eastern System Upgrade H&K Job No. 4982
HDD Construction Noise Assessment H&K Report No. 3356 (07/15/16)
Table A-3: ESU Project: HDD #3A & #3B (Greenville, NY): Summary of Ambient Day/Night Sound
Levels as Meas'd on Dec. 16, 2015 and April 27, 2016, along with Resulting Ldn
Note (1): Ldn calculated by adding 6.4 dB to the measured Ld. If both the Ld and Ln are measured and/or
estimated, the Ldn is calculated using the following formula:
15 9
Ldn = 10 log10 10 Ld /10 + 10( Ln +10 )/10
24 24
Table B-3: ESU Project: HDD #3A & #3B (Greenville, NY): Summary of the Meteorological
Conditions during the Sound Surveys on Dec. 16, 2015 and April 27, 2016
C-5
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith Inc.
Eastern System Upgrade H&K Job No. 4982
HDD Construction Noise Assessment H&K Report No. 3356 (07/15/16)
Measurement Set Sound Pressure Level (SPL) in dB per Octave-Band Freq. (in Hz) A-Wt.
Meas. Pos. & NSA Time of Test 31.5 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 Level
Pos. 1 (NSA #1) 11:52 AM 55.5 53.1 50.2 47.3 44.9 45.0 36.5 30.8 23.8 48.1
Residences 12:01 PM 55.8 54.7 50.0 47.0 48.7 48.1 38.6 30.0 29.1 50.9
500 ft. E to SE of 12:07 PM 56.0 53.6 49.2 47.1 47.0 47.1 38.0 31.0 22.0 49.8
HDD #3A Entry/Exit Site Average SPL 55.8 53.9 49.8 47.1 47.1 46.9 37.8 30.6 26.1 49.7
Pos. 2 (NSA #3) 1:27 PM 55.8 55.5 47.8 37.5 39.6 39.9 29.9 15.6 14.1 42.7
Residence 1:28 PM 60.8 59.4 48.1 37.0 40.0 41.2 31.7 16.4 17.5 43.9
170 ft. NE / 150 ft. NE of 1:29 PM 62.8 59.6 49.9 41.2 42.8 43.8 33.6 20.8 16.8 46.4
HDD #3A / #3B Entry Sites Average SPL 60.7 58.5 48.7 39.0 41.0 41.9 32.0 18.2 16.4 44.6
Pos. 2 (NSA #2) 1:27 PM 55.8 55.5 47.8 37.5 39.6 39.9 29.9 15.6 14.1 42.7
Residences 1:28 PM 60.8 59.4 48.1 37.0 40.0 41.2 31.7 16.4 17.5 43.9
450 ft. W to N of 1:29 PM 62.8 59.6 49.9 41.2 42.8 43.8 33.6 20.8 16.8 46.4
HDD #3B Exit Site Average SPL 60.7 58.5 48.7 39.0 41.0 41.9 32.0 18.2 16.4 44.6
Table C-3: ESU Project: HDD #3A & #3B (Greenville, NY): Measured Daytime Ambient Ld and
Unweighted Octave-Band ("O.B.") SPLs at the NSAs as Measured on Dec. 16, 2015
and April 27, 2016
Measurement Set Sound Pressure Level (SPL) in dB per Octave-Band Freq. (in Hz) A-Wt.
Meas. Pos. & NSA Time of Test 31.5 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 Level
Pos. 1 (NSA #1) 11:34 PM 40.2 41.6 39.3 36.6 34.9 35.3 26.5 20.4 14.2 38.1
Residences 11:37 PM 40.9 41.5 38.0 33.7 33.0 31.5 22.8 19.5 13.2 35.1
500 ft. E to SE of 11:38 PM 42.6 40.9 35.8 32.8 31.3 31.7 23.3 18.4 12.7 34.6
HDD #3A Entry/Exit Site Average SPL 41.4 41.3 37.9 34.7 33.3 33.2 24.5 19.5 13.4 36.3
Pos. 2 (NSA #3) 2:27 AM 48.7 46.8 40.9 32.2 34.6 32.8 25.5 21.1 16.5 36.7
Residence 2:28 AM 48.1 43.9 37.9 30.9 32.4 33.2 25.7 20.5 15.5 36.0
170 ft. NE / 150 ft. NE of 2:29 AM 45.9 44.0 39.2 33.3 32.0 30.8 25.6 22.8 17.5 35.2
HDD #3A / #3B Entry Sites Average SPL 47.7 45.1 39.5 32.2 33.2 32.4 25.6 21.6 16.6 36.0
Pos. 2 (NSA #2) 2:27 AM 48.7 46.8 40.9 32.2 34.6 32.8 25.5 21.1 16.5 36.7
Residences 2:28 AM 48.1 43.9 37.9 30.9 32.4 33.2 25.7 20.5 15.5 36.0
450 ft. W to N of 2:29 AM 45.9 44.0 39.2 33.3 32.0 30.8 25.6 22.8 17.5 35.2
HDD #3B Exit Site Average SPL 47.7 45.1 39.5 32.2 33.2 32.4 25.6 21.6 16.6 36.0
Table D-3: ESU Project: HDD #3A & #3B (Greenville, NY): Measured Nighttime Ambient Ld and
Unweighted Octave-Band ("O.B.") SPLs at the NSAs as Measured on Dec. 16, 2015
and April 27, 2016
C-6
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith Inc.
Eastern System Upgrade H&K Job No. 4982
HDD Construction Noise Assessment H&K Report No. 3356 (07/15/16)
Town of Deerpark
Town of Greenville
D-1
Town of Deerpark Zoning Law
b. Parking whether or not parking problems could result from the business use.
Factors which shall be used to evaluate this criteria include, but are not limited to the
following: (i) parking required for the business shall be provided on-site; (ii) parking
on the property shall be on a surface equal in quality to the paving surface of any
existing driveway unless there is no surface other than the ground, in which case a
gravel surface shall be provided at a minimum; and (iii) no home occupation shall be
permitted which requires parking of tractor-trailer combinations along the street on a
continuing basis.
B. No home occupation, having once been permitted or established, shall be added to, expanded, e
nlarged or otherwise increased or changed substantially in character without complying with is
law and such permission or establishment shall not be a basis for a later application to establish a
principal commercial use. Moreover, the conversion o f a residence with a home occupation to a
commercial use by the abandonment of the residence or sale, rent or transfer of the business to a
party which does not reside on-site is strictly prohibited unless the business in then moved off-site.
Wherever commercial, manufacturing or other non-residential uses, with the exception of agricultural activities and
home occupations, are proposed the following performance standards will apply. The Building Inspector shall
ensure these standards are met prior to issuing Certificates of Occupancy for such uses and may require the
applicant(s) to provide documentation of compliance.
B. Inflammables: All activities involving the manufacturing, production, storage, transfer or disposal of
inflammable and explosive materials shall be provided with adequate safety devices against the hazard
of fire and explosion. Firefighting and fire suppression equipment and devices shall be provided
pursuant to National Fire Protection Association guidelines. Burning of waste materials in open fires
is prohibited. Details of the potential hazards and planned safety and accident response actions shall
be provided by the applicant and the Planning Board may require greater front, side, and rear yards
and/or fencing.
C. Electric Disturbances: No activities shall be permitted which emit dangerous radioactivity or electrical
disturbance adversely affecting the operation of any equipment other than that of the creator of such
disturbance.
Town of Deerpark, Orange County, New York Article 4 General Supplementary Regulations
Page 38
Town of Deerpark Zoning Law
D. Noise: The maximum sound pressure level radiated by any non-transportation use or facility at the
property line shall not exceed the values given in Table 1 below after applying adjustments as provided
in Table 2 below. The sound pressure shall be measured with a sound level meter and associated with
Octave Band Analyzer conforming to standards prescribed by the American National Standards
Institute.
TABLE 1
20-300 60
300-2,400 40
2,400+ 30
If the noise is not smooth and continuous and is not radiated between the hours of 10:00 PM and
7:00 AM, the adjustments in Table 2 shall be applied to the decibels levels given in Table 1.
Where more than one adjustment is applicable, the largest adjustment only shall apply.
TABLE 2
TYPE OF LOCATION OR ADJUSTMENT IN
NOISE CHARACTER DECIBELS PERMITTED
Motor vehicle racetracks shall employ noise control suppression mechanisms as provided in the
Town of Deerpark Local Regulating Motor Vehicle Racetracks (Local Law No. 1 of 1991,
as amended).
E. Vibration: No vibration shall be permitted on a regular or continuing basis which is detectable without
instruments at the property line.
F. Lighting: All lighting shall be designed so as to avoid unnecessary or unsafe spillover of light and
glare onto operators of motor vehicles, pedestrians, and land uses in proximity to the light source.
Light sources shall comply with the following standards:
Town of Deerpark, Orange County, New York Article 4 General Supplementary Regulations
Page 39
ARTICLE VIII
SPECLAL BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT FLOATING ZONE
DISTRICT
Encourage flexibility to promote the most appropriate use ofland and to result in smaller more efficient
networks of utilities and streets
3 Protect residences by separating them from business activities and to prohibit the use of such space for
new residential development
4 Encourage development which is free from danger of fire explosions toxic and noxious matter
radiation and other hazards and from offensive noise vibration smoke dust and other particulate
matter odorous matter heat humidity glaze and other objectionable influences
geologic features scenic vistas trees and prevent the disruption ofnatural drainage patterns
B General Requirements
Minimum Area
2 Ownership
The project maybe owned leased or controlled either by a single person or corporation or by a
land
group of individuals or corporations Such ownership may be a public or private corporation The approved
Permitted Uses
21
4 Location
Business
Development Districts are allowed to be located only in areas currently zoned as Rural
ResidentiaUOpen Space General Commercial and Highway Commercial Districts as long as such proposed
districts have direct access onto aNew York State highway by means of a paved two lane road that meets all
town requirements
Proposed BDDs must be located adjacent to a public road that is adequate to handle the expected traffic
generated by the district The proposed use and layout shall be of such a nature that it makes vehicular or
pedestrian traffic no more hazardous than is normal for the area involved Factors to consider in this
determination the
turning movements in relafion to traffic flow proximity to and relationship to
are
6 Adjacent Lands
The proposed location and height of buildings or structures walls and fences parking loading and
landscaping shall be such that they do not interfere with or discourage the allowed development in the use of
land adjacent to the proposed site or unreasonably affects its value
7 Signs
Proposed signs shall be in accordance with the requirements of Article IX B and shall be so designed and
located as not to present a hazard glare or unattractive appearance to either adjacent property or to motorists
8 Landscaping
Every BDD must be served by public or private communal sewer and water systems that have been
approved by the NYS Department of Health and the NYS Department of Environmental Conservation and have
been properly shown to meet every requirement of the Town of Greenville and the County of Greene Sewage
treatment must be provided by a governmental agency a municipality or a sewage disposal corporation formed
10 Height
22
11 Performance Standards
Uses are not permitted which exceed New York State regulations or
any of the following standards
measured at the individual property line
g Lighting or
signs which create glare which could impair the
vision of a driver of any motor vehicle
h Cause a fire explosion or safety hazard
i Cause harmful wastes to be discharged into the sewer system streams or other bodies of water
Whenever any Business Development District is proposed before any contract is made for the sale of any
part therof before any zoning and building permit shall be granted and before any subdivision plat may be filed
in the office of the Greene County Clerk the prospective developer his authorized agent shall apply for and
or
secure approval of such Business Development District in accordance with the following procedures
requirements prior to detailed design investment the developer shall submit a sketch plan of his proposal to the
Planning Board The sketch plan shall be approximately to scale and it shall clearly show the following
information
1 Location and size in acres of proposed land uses location proposed use and height of all
structures
6 Existing natural features such as watercourses water bodies wetlands wooded areas individual
lazge trees and flood hazard areas Features to be retained in the development should be
indicated
23
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith Inc.
Eastern System Upgrade H&K Job No. 4982
HDD Construction Noise Assessment H&K Report No. 3356 (07/15/16)
(1) Daytime Sound Level (Ld) & Nighttime Sound Level (Ln): Ld is the equivalent A-weighted sound
level, in decibels, for a 15 hour time period, between 07:00 to 22:00 Hours (7:00 a.m. to 10:00
p.m.). Ln is the equivalent A-weighted sound level, in decibels, for a 9 hour time period, between
22:00 to 07:00 Hours (10:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m.).
(2) Equivalent Sound Level (Leq): The equivalent sound level (Leq) can be considered an average
sound level measured during a period of time, including any fluctuating sound levels during that
period. In this report, the Leq is equal to the level of a steady (in time) A-weighted sound level that
would be equivalent to the sampled A-weighted sound level on an energy basis for a specified
measurement interval. The concept of the measuring Leq has been used broadly to relate
individual and community reaction to aircraft and other environmental noises.
(3) Day-Night Average Sound Level (Ldn): The Ldn is an energy average of the measured daytime Leq
(Ld) and the measured nighttime Leq (Ln) plus 10 dB. The 10-dB adjustment to the Ln is intended
to compensate for nighttime sensitivity. As such, the Ldn is not a true measure of the sound level
but represents a skewed average that correlates generally with past sound surveys which
attempted to relate environmental sound levels with physiological reaction and physiological
effects. For a steady sound source that operates continuously over a 24-hour period and controls
the environmental sound level, an Ldn is approximately 6.4 dB above the measured Leq.
Consequently, an Ldn of 55 dBA corresponds to a Leq of 48.6 dBA. If both the Ld and Ln are
measured, then the Ldn is calculated using the following formula:
15 9
Ldn = 10 log10 10 Ld /10 + 10( Ln +10 )/10
24 24
(4) Sound Power Level (Lw or PWL): Ten times the common logarithm of the ratio of the total
acoustic power radiated by a sound source to a reference power. A reference power of a picowatt
or 10-12 watt is conventionally used.
E-1
APPENDIX 9F
Resource Report 9 Air and Noise Quality 9F-i Eastern System Upgrade
HIGHLAND COMPRESSOR STATION
REPORT SUMMARY
In this report, Hoover and Keith, Inc. (H&K) present the results of a December 16, 2015
ambient sound survey and subsequent noise impact analysis associated with the proposed
Highland Compressor Station (Station), a new compressor station to be owned by
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. (Millennium). The purpose of the ambient sound
survey and acoustical analysis is to:
Document the existing acoustic environment around the proposed site and locate the
noise-sensitive areas (NSAs) surrounding the proposed Station.
Project the sound level contribution that would result from operating the proposed
Station installation.
Determine noise control measures and noise specifications for the Station equipment to
insure that the facility meets applicable sound level criteria.
The following table summarizes the measured ambient sound levels and noise quality analysis
for the proposed Highland Compressor Station at the closest NSAs:
NSAs Distance Meas'd Ln Meas'd Ld Calc'd Est'd Leq Est'd Ldn Station Potential
Center of Ambient of Station of Station Ldn + Increase
Proposed Ldn (1) at Full at Full Ambient Above
Comp. Unit Load Load Ldn Ambient
The results of our measurements, observations and analysis indicate that the estimated full
load station sound level contribution at the nearby NSAs should be significantly less than an Ldn
of 55 dBA. Therefore, assuming the recommended noise control measures are followed and
successfully implemented, it is our opinion that the sound level attributable to the proposed
Station should not exceed the FERC criterion of 55 dBA Ldn at the nearby NSAs and there
should be no perceptible increase in vibration.
The potential increase above the ambient noise level is approximately 1 dB. Regarding the
human perception for change in sound level (i.e., potential increase above ambient), a 0-3 dB
change in sound level is representative of a minimum impact, a 5-6 dB change is a noticeable
impact, and a 10 dB change is perceived as a doubling of sound level or a significant impact.
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Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Highland CS Eastern System Upgrade H&K Job No. 4982
Ambient Sound Survey and Noise Impact Analysis H&K Report No. 3354 (07/27/16)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
REPORT SUMMARY. ....................................................................................................i
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Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Highland CS Eastern System Upgrade H&K Job No. 4982
Ambient Sound Survey and Noise Impact Analysis H&K Report No. 3354 (07/27/16)
Figure 1: Proposed Highland Compressor Station and Surrounding Area. ................... A-1
Figure 2: Proposed Highland Compressor Station and Immediate Area. ...................... A-2
Figure 3: Proposed Highland Compressor Station Plot Plan. ........................................ A-3
Table A: Measured and Averaged Daytime and Nighttime Leq and Calculated Ldn........ B-1
Table B: Meteorological Conditions during the Daytime Sound Testing ....................... B-1
Table C: Measured and Averaged Octave-Band Daytime SPLs during Testing ........... B-2
Table D: Measured and Averaged Octave-Band Nighttime SPLs during Testing ......... B-3
Table E: Proposed Highland Station: Est'd Sound Contribution at NSA #1. .................C-1
Table F: Proposed Highland Station: Est'd Sound Contribution at NSA #2. .................C-2
Table G: Proposed Highland Station: Est'd Sound Contribution at NSA #3. .................C-3
Table H: Proposed Highland Station: Est'd Sound Contribution at NSA #4. .................C-4
Table I: Proposed Highland Station: Est'd Construction Noise at Closest NSA. ..........D-1
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Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Highland CS Eastern System Upgrade H&K Job No. 4982
Ambient Sound Survey and Noise Impact Analysis H&K Report No. 3354 (07/27/16)
1.0 INTRODUCTION
In this report, Hoover and Keith, Inc. (H&K) present the results of a December 16
ambient sound survey and subsequent noise impact analysis associated with the
proposed Highland Compressor Station (Station), a new compressor station to be
owned by Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. (Millennium). The purpose of the
ambient sound survey and acoustical analysis is to:
Document the existing acoustic environment around the proposed site and locate
the noise-sensitive areas (NSAs) surrounding the proposed Station.
Project the sound level contribution that would result from operating the
proposed Station installation.
Determine noise control measures and noise specifications for the Station
equipment to insure that the facility meets applicable sound level criteria.
Typically, certificate conditions set forth by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
(FERC) require that the sound level attributable to a new compressor station not exceed
an equivalent day-night sound level (Ldn) of 55 dBA at any nearby NSA, such as
residences, hospitals or schools. The Ldn is an energy average of the daytime Leq (i.e.,
Ld) and nighttime Leq (i.e., Ln) plus 10 dB. For an essentially steady sound source (e.g.,
gas compressor station) that operates continuously over a 24-hour period and controls
the environmental sound level, the Ldn is approximately 6.4 dB above the measured Leq.
Consequently, an Ldn of 55 dBA corresponds to a Leq of 48.6 dBA.
There are no State of New York 1 noise regulations for the Station. We are unaware of
any Sullivan County or Town of Highland noise regulations.
For reference, a summary of acoustical terminology and typical metrics used to measure
and regulate environmental noise is provided at the end of this report in Appendix E
(pp. E-1 to E-3).
1The NYSDEC has a Policy Document (i.e., Program Policy DEP-00-1; Revised Feb. 2, 2001, Assessing
and Mitigating Noise Impacts) to provide guidance and clarify program issues for NYSDEC staff to ensure
compliance with statutory and regulatory requirements for facility operations regulated under New York
State Environmental Quality Reviews or SEQR.
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Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Highland CS Eastern System Upgrade H&K Job No. 4982
Ambient Sound Survey and Noise Impact Analysis H&K Report No. 3354 (07/27/16)
Figure 1 (p. A-1) depicts the proposed Station and surrounding area. Figure 2 (p. A-2)
depicts the Station and immediate surrounding area. The Station is located in the Town
of Highland in Sullivan County, New York and the Station is approximately 5 miles N of
Eldred, NY. The surrounding area consists of heavily forested lands, streams and
scattered small lakes, and sparsely scattered residences along SR 55 upon moderately
to steeply sloped terrain. The Station is remotely located from SR 55 near the top of a
hill and it is heavily screened with forested lands.
The closest NSAs are residences along SR 55 that are 2,900 ft. SW to 3,750 ft. N-NW
of the proposed Station. The former Eldred Preserve Resort (now closed) is
approximately 1 mile S of the proposed Station.
Figure 3 (p. A-3) depicts the proposed Station Plot Plan. The noise impact analysis
assumes that the Station will include one (1) Solar Titan 130 Turbine Compressor Unit
that is ISO rated at 22,400 HP. The following describes auxiliary equipment and other
notable items associated with the new station:
One (1) location was chosen to measure the sound levels near the closest NSAs located
around the proposed Station and the measurement location is depicted on Figure 2 (p.
A-2). The following is a description of the NSAs and the selected sound measurement
positions:
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Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Highland CS Eastern System Upgrade H&K Job No. 4982
Ambient Sound Survey and Noise Impact Analysis H&K Report No. 3354 (07/27/16)
Pos. 1: Adjacent to NSA #1: Three (3) houses located on Kieferle Rd. The closest
house is approximately 3,300 ft. NW of the proposed compressor unit.
Pos. 1: Adjacent to NSA #2: Two (2) houses located on Kieferle Rd. The closest house
is approximately 3,000 ft. W of the proposed compressor unit.
Pos. 1: Adjacent to NSA #3: One (1) house located on SR 55 approximately 2,900 ft.
SW of the proposed compressor unit.
Pos. 1: Adjacent to NSA #4: One (1) house located SR 55 approximately 3,750 ft. N-NW
of the proposed compressor unit.
Ambient sound measurements were performed by Larry Lengyel of H&K during the
nighttime and morning periods on December 16, 2015. At the reported sound
measurement locations, the A-wt. equivalent sound levels (Leq) and unweighted octave-
band sound pressure levels (SPLs) were performed at approximately 5 ft. above ground.
Typically, 3 representative samples of the ambient noise were performed at each sound
measurement position.
The acoustical measurement system consisted of a Rion Model NA-27 Sound Level
Meter (a Type 1 SLM per ANSI S1.4 & S1.11) equipped with a 1/2-inch microphone with
a windscreen, and SLM was calibrated within 1 year of the sound test date.
Table A (p. B-1) shows the measured daytime Leq (i.e., Ld) and the measured nighttime
Leq (i.e., Ln) along with the logarithmic average of the measured Ld and Ln since more
than one (1) sample of the sound level was measured. In addition, Table A includes an
estimated day-night average sound level (i.e., Ldn), as calculated from the measured Ld
and Ln and observations during the measurements.
Meteorological conditions during the tests are summarized in Table B (p. B-1).
The measured daytime and nighttime unweighted octave-band SPLs at the reported
sound measurement positions and the average of the octave-band SPLs are provided in
Table C (p. B-2) and Table D (p. B-2), respectively.
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Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Highland CS Eastern System Upgrade H&K Job No. 4982
Ambient Sound Survey and Noise Impact Analysis H&K Report No. 3354 (07/27/16)
The following Table 1 summarizes the measured nighttime ambient Ln and measured
daytime ambient Ld and at the NSAs along with the calculated Ldn (as calculated from
the measured Ld and Ln).
The goal of the ambient sound survey is to document the lower range of ambient sound
levels for the meteorological conditions that existed during the sound survey. During the
sound survey, the wind speeds were low (0-3 mph), which resulted in generally still
conditions. The sound measurements were performed at or near the shoulder of public
roads and the measurements were paused to obtain periods of minimum audible traffic
noise, no passby traffic, periods with no direct aircraft flyovers, and other short term
sounds to exclude extraneous sound from the sound survey. Our observations during
the sound survey indicate that the area surrounding the proposed Station is a generally
quiet rural area that would be controlled by normal environmental sounds (i.e., birds,
insects, wind noise, distant traffic, passby traffic, aircraft, etc.).
In conclusion, the measured sound level data adequately quantifies the existing ambient
sound levels around the site for the meteorological conditions that occurred during the
sound survey. Throughout a typical year, there may be periods with lower ambient
sound levels than reported in this report, but is our opinion that the long term ambient
sound levels would be greater than the reported sound levels factoring in the total noise
produced by all sources associated with a given environment.
At NSA #1 to #4: Primary Daytime noise: Audible sounds included traffic noise on SR
55, birds, a distant airplane and light wind noise. Primary Nighttime noise: Audible
sounds included a distant barking dog and light wind noise.
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Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Highland CS Eastern System Upgrade H&K Job No. 4982
Ambient Sound Survey and Noise Impact Analysis H&K Report No. 3354 (07/27/16)
The noise impact evaluation considers the noise produced by all significant sound
sources associated with the proposed Station that could impact the sound contribution
at the nearby NSAs. A description of the analysis methodology and source of sound
data is provided in Appendix C (p. C-5). The following sound sources are considered
significant:
Tables E - H (pp. C-1 to C-4) show the calculation (i.e., spreadsheet analysis) of the
estimated octave-band SPLs and the A-wt. sound level, at NSAs #1 - #4 contributed by
the significant noise sources associated with the proposed facilities for standard day
propagating conditions (i.e., no wind, 60 deg. F., 70% R.H.) and any shielding from
buildings, terrain or foliage has been conservatively ignored. This spreadsheet analysis
includes the potential noise reduction due to the anticipated and/or recommended noise
control measures for equipment.
Table 2 (p. 6) summarizes the Noise Quality Analysis for the closest NSAs for the
proposed Station:
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Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Highland CS Eastern System Upgrade H&K Job No. 4982
Ambient Sound Survey and Noise Impact Analysis H&K Report No. 3354 (07/27/16)
NSAs Distance Meas'd Ln Meas'd Ld Calc'd Est'd Leq Est'd Ldn Station Potential
Center of Ambient of Station of Station Ldn + Increase
Proposed Ldn (1) at Full at Full Ambient Above
Comp. Unit Load Load Ldn Ambient
As noted above in Table 2, the sound contribution of the proposed Station is estimated
to be significantly less than the 55 dBA Ldn FERC Criteria at the nearby NSAs.
The sound levels associated with high pressure gas venting are a function of initial
blowdown pressure, the diameter and type of blowdown valve, and the diameter and
arrangement of the downstream vent piping. As expected, blowdown sound levels are
loudest at the beginning of the blowdown event and they decrease as the blowdown
pressure decreases.
The following Table 3 summarizes the expected sound levels for normal blowdown
events (i.e., unit start up and shut down) at the closest NSA:
(dBA)
Unit Blowdown House (NSA #3) 2,900 ft. SW 35
Table 3: Estimated Initial Sound Levels for "Normal" Blowdown Event
Table I (p. D-1) shows the calculation (i.e., spreadsheet analysis) of the estimated
construction noise during Station construction activities. The acoustical analysis of the
construction related activities considers the noise produced by any significant sound
sources associated with the primary construction equipment that could impact the sound
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Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Highland CS Eastern System Upgrade H&K Job No. 4982
Ambient Sound Survey and Noise Impact Analysis H&K Report No. 3354 (07/27/16)
Construction of the Station will consist of earth work (e.g., site grading, clearing &
grubbing) and construction of the site foundations and equipment, and it is assumed
that the highest level of construction noise would occur during site earth work (i.e., time
frame when the largest amount of construction equipment would operate). The analysis
indicates that the maximum A-wt. noise level of construction activities at the closest NSA
would be equal to or less than 41 dBA (i.e., Ldn of approximately 41 dBA, since
construction would only occur during daytime hours.
The following section provides recommended noise control measures and equipment
noise specifications along with other assumptions that may affect the noise generated
by the facility.
Special Note
It is extremely important that the recommended compressor building noise control
requirements, including the ventilation system requirements, are followed in detail, due
to the stringent acoustical requirements for the project. Alternate and lighter weight
compressor building designs are not endorsed by H&K if proposed by any Compressor
Building vendor.
Building Structure
Personnel entry doors should have a minimum STC-38 sound rating and could
include door glazing if a 2' x 2' maximum view port is employed (e.g., 1/2 inch thick
laminated glazing or double pane safety glass). Doors should seal well with the
doorframe and be self-closing.
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Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Highland CS Eastern System Upgrade H&K Job No. 4982
Ambient Sound Survey and Noise Impact Analysis H&K Report No. 3354 (07/27/16)
All voids and openings in the building walls resulting from penetrations should be
patched and well sealed. Building construction details shall be consistent with a high
performance acoustical compressor building.
A double roll up door system shall be utilized for the equipment access opening.
Each overhead sectional roll-up door, as a minimum, should be a 20 gauge
insulated type design (e.g., 20 gauge exterior with a 22 gauge backskin with
insulation core) and should be completely weather-stripped.
Building Ventilation
The building ventilation system should be designed to properly ventilate (and cool)
the building and equipment during maximum outside ambient temperatures with all
personnel and equipment doors closed. Personnel and/or equipment doors will only
be opened during maintenance activities.
The A-wt. sound level for each ventilation inlet should not exceed 45 dBA at 50 feet
from the building penetration (i.e., inlet louver, acoustic inlet hood, etc.). The A-wt.
sound level for each ventilation exhaust outlet should not exceed 45 dBA at 50 feet
from the building penetration (i.e., exhaust louver, exhaust hood, etc.), noting that
this sound source is at or near the compressor building roof. A ridge vent shall not
be utilized. Each ventilation inlet and exhaust outlet shall assume that the following
sound pressure levels exist inside the compressor building at and adjacent to the
ventilation equipment:
As a minimum, air-supply fans used for ventilation should include a metal boot
enclosing the fan; a minimum 36-inch length exterior silencer and a weather hood
lined with acoustical insulation. Assuming separate roof exhaust vents will be
utilized, each roof exhaust vent, as a minimum, should include a 36-inch length
silencer (i.e., baffle-type design) mounted between the building surface and
vent/hood (i.e., in the ventilator throat).
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Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Highland CS Eastern System Upgrade H&K Job No. 4982
Ambient Sound Survey and Noise Impact Analysis H&K Report No. 3354 (07/27/16)
Personnel entry doors should be insulated steel doors with 1/4 inch thick laminated
glass. Doors should seal well with the doorframe and be self-closing.
All voids and openings in the building walls resulting from penetrations should be
patched and well sealed.
The building ventilation system should be designed to properly ventilate (and cool)
the building and equipment during maximum outside ambient temperatures with all
personnel and equipment doors closed. Personnel and/or equipment doors should
only be opened during maintenance activities.
The A-wt. sound level for each ventilation inlet should not exceed 45 dBA at 50 feet
from the building penetration (i.e., inlet louver, acoustic inlet hood, etc.). The A-wt.
sound level for each ventilation exhaust outlet should not exceed 45 dBA at 50 feet
from the building penetration (i.e., exhaust louver, exhaust hood, etc.). Each
ventilation inlet and exhaust outlet shall assume that the following sound pressure
levels exist inside the compressor building at and adjacent to the ventilation
equipment:
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Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Highland CS Eastern System Upgrade H&K Job No. 4982
Ambient Sound Survey and Noise Impact Analysis H&K Report No. 3354 (07/27/16)
The ventilation system inlet and exhaust systems shall be designed to control interior
building sound that escapes from the inlet and exhaust flow paths, interior building
sound paths across ventilation system components (i.e., ducting break-in noise,
etc.,) and sound that is generated by ventilation equipment (i.e., supply fans,
exhaust fans, louvers, tempering coils, etc.).
As a minimum, air-supply fans used for ventilation should include a metal boot
enclosing the fan; a minimum 36-inch length exterior silencer and a weather hood
lined with acoustical insulation.
Assuming separate roof exhaust vents will be utilized, each roof exhaust vent, as a
minimum, should include a 36-inch length silencer (i.e., baffle-type design) mounted
between the building surface and vent/hood (i.e., in the ventilator throat).
The silenced exhaust system sound level, at 400 ft. and in any direction from the
exhaust stack centerline, shall not exceed the following octave-band sound pressure
levels:
Exhaust stack outlet noise and all exhaust system breakout noise (i.e., for
exterior exhaust system components, including all exterior duct sections,
expansion joints and any oxidation catalyst system).
Part load to full load turbine unit operation
The intake system should include two silencers in series (i.e., two stage silencing
system) between the air intake filter and turbine unit. It is recommended that the first
silencer is located inside the building, while the second stage silencer can be located
outside the building, if required. It is also required that the first stage silencer (and
support system) is acoustically isolated from the second stage silencer (and support
structure) with an acoustical vibration break (i.e., 3 flexible fabric joint). The acoustical
break must be located inside the compressor building. The Solar supplied support
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Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Highland CS Eastern System Upgrade H&K Job No. 4982
Ambient Sound Survey and Noise Impact Analysis H&K Report No. 3354 (07/27/16)
structure for the 1st stage and 2nd stage silencers should be separated (i.e., not span
across the flexible joint).
The first stage silencer should be a 60 "tubular" silencer. The second stage silencer
should be a parallel baffle construction, with an approximately length of 144. The
combined insertion loss of the 1st and 2nd stage silencers should approximately meet the
following values:
IL Values in dB per Octave-Band Center Freq. for 1st and 2nd Stage Silencers
31.5 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000
5 14 27 42 48 58 65 70 55
It is assumed that a pulse style, up-draft, air inlet filter that will be utilized.
The Solar low noise lube oil cooler (i.e., maximum 83 dBA PWL) with a Moore Class
10000 MAG fan and V-Belt drive is required for this Station.
It is assumed that each unitized gas cooler will consist of (4) bays with (3) fans per bay.
The A-wt. sound level of each bay should not exceed 53 dBA at a distance of 50 feet
from the unit perimeter at the rated operating conditions (i.e., (3) fans and motors in
operation). Nonetheless, the coolers shall be equipped with V-Belt drive and Moore
Class 10000 MAG style fans (Max. PWL per Fan = 85 dBA) are required, and the
maximum fan tip speed shall not exceed 7,000 fpm.
The Station high pressure gas piping including the Unit suction, discharge and bypass
valves, and the Station suction and discharge headers should be buried, to the extent
possible. Any remaining aboveground piping can be acoustically lagged with a
minimum 3" thick fiberglass or mineral wool (e.g., 8.0 pcf uniform density) that is
covered with a mass-filled vinyl jacket (e.g., composite of 1.0 psf mass-filled vinyl
laminated to 0.020" thick aluminum) if necessary.
Aboveground valves can be covered with removable and/or reusable acoustic material
and/or blankets, if necessary. The blanket material typically consists of a core of 2-inch
thick needled fiber mat (6.0-8.0 pcf density) and a liner material of mass-loaded vinyl
(1.0-1.25 psf surface weight) that is covered with a coated fiberglass cloth. The inner
layer of insulation should be covered with a stainless steel mesh instead of coated
-11-
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Highland CS Eastern System Upgrade H&K Job No. 4982
Ambient Sound Survey and Noise Impact Analysis H&K Report No. 3354 (07/27/16)
fiberglass cloth. It is also recommended that any aboveground gas piping should be
separated from other metal structures such as metal gratings, walkways and stairs
around the piping, to the greatest extent possible to facility acoustical lagging.
Please note that thermal insulation (i.e., calcium silicate and banded metal jacketing) is
not suitable for attenuating piping noise. If thermal insulation for any piping systems is
required for personnel protection, etc., then consideration to utilize the acoustical system
described above should be given.
Any unit or Station control / recycle valves shall be low noise style valves (i.e., Globe
Style) with Whisperflo or Whisper III noise trim.
Gas Blowdown Silencer (i.e., unit piping purge/unit blowdown): It is recommended that
this sound source is silenced to 50 dBA at 300 ft. (as measured 5 ft. above the ground).
Fuel Gas Skids: It is recommended that any fuel gas skids be designed with regulators
that can achieve 85 dBA at 3 ft. for the worst case design conditions (i.e., anticipated
maximum pressure drop and flow across the regulator valve).
-12-
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Highland CS Eastern System Upgrade H&K Job No. 4982
APPENDIX A Vicinity Maps and Station Plot Plan H&K Report No. 3354 (07/27/16)
POS.1
KIEFERLE
RD
HIGHLAND
COMPRESSOR
STATION
BOARD RD
(SR 55)
SUNRISE
LAKE
LEGEND
- MEASUREMENT POSITION
NSA - NOISE SENSITIVE AREA
- NONRESIDENTIAL BUILDING
AREA OF ELDRED - HOUSE OR MOBILE HOME
PRESERVE RESORT - TREES OR HEAVY FOLIAGE
(CLOSED)
APPROXIMATE SCALE IN FEET
A-1
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Highland CS Eastern System Upgrade H&K Job No. 4982
APPENDIX A Vicinity Maps and Station Plot Plan H&K Report No. 3354 (07/27/16)
NSA#4
N
POS.1
NSA#1
37
50
'
KIEFERLE RD
33
00
'
HIGHLAND
COMPRESSOR
STATION
NSA#2
3000'
BOARD RD
(SR 55)
0'
290
LEGEND
NSA#3
- MEASUREMENT POSITION
NSA - NOISE SENSITIVE AREA
APPROXIMATE SCALE IN FEET
- NONRESIDENTIAL BUILDING
0 400 800 1600 - HOUSE OR MOBILE HOME
- TREES OR HEAVY FOLIAGE
A-2
Figure 3: Proposed Highland
Compressor Station Plot Plan
Provided under Separate Cover in Volume
IV-B CRITICAL ENERGY INFRASTRUCTURE
INFORMATION DO NOT RELEASE
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Highland CS Eastern System Upgrade H&K Job No. 4982
APPENDIX B Measurement Data H&K Report No. 3354 (07/27/16)
Note (1): If both Ld and Ln are measured and/or estimated, Ldn is calculated using the following formula:
15 9
Ldn = 10 log10 10 Ld /10 + 10 ( Ln +10 ) /10
24 24
B-1
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Highland CS Eastern System Upgrade H&K Job No. 4982
APPENDIX B Measurement Data H&K Report No. 3354 (07/27/16)
Measurement Set Sound Pressure Level (SPL) in dB per Octave-Band Frequency (in Hz) A-Wt.
Meas. Pos. & NSA Time of Test 31.5 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 Level
Pos. 1 (NSA #1) 3:07 PM 41.9 41.0 35.8 36.9 36.6 38.3 28.7 16.2 11.6 40.3
Houses on Kieferle Rd., 3:08 PM 41.9 40.1 33.8 28.5 30.6 32.0 27.0 16.1 11.7 34.8
3,300 ft. NW of 3:09 PM 46.9 44.7 39.2 30.9 30.8 35.3 28.4 16.7 11.7 37.3
Compressor Unit Average SPL 44.3 42.4 36.8 33.6 33.6 35.9 28.1 16.3 11.7 38.1
Pos. 1 (NSA #2) 3:07 PM 41.9 41.0 35.8 36.9 36.6 38.3 28.7 16.2 11.6 40.3
Houses on Kieferle Rd. 3:08 PM 41.9 40.1 33.8 28.5 30.6 32.0 27.0 16.1 11.7 34.8
3,000 ft. W of 3:09 PM 46.9 44.7 39.2 30.9 30.8 35.3 28.4 16.7 11.7 37.3
Compressor Unit Average SPL 44.3 42.4 36.8 33.6 33.6 35.9 28.1 16.3 11.7 38.1
Pos.1 (NSA #3) 3:07 PM 41.9 41.0 35.8 36.9 36.6 38.3 28.7 16.2 11.6 40.3
House on SR 55, 3:08 PM 41.9 40.1 33.8 28.5 30.6 32.0 27.0 16.1 11.7 34.8
2,900 ft. SW of 3:09 PM 46.9 44.7 39.2 30.9 30.8 35.3 28.4 16.7 11.7 37.3
Compressor Unit Average SPL 44.3 42.4 36.8 33.6 33.6 35.9 28.1 16.3 11.7 38.1
Pos. 1 (NSA #4) 3:07 PM 41.9 41.0 35.8 36.9 36.6 38.3 28.7 16.2 11.6 40.3
House on SR 55, 3:08 PM 41.9 40.1 33.8 28.5 30.6 32.0 27.0 16.1 11.7 34.8
3,750 ft. N-NW of 3:09 PM 46.9 44.7 39.2 30.9 30.8 35.3 28.4 16.7 11.7 37.3
Compressor Unit Average SPL 44.3 42.4 36.8 33.6 33.6 35.9 28.1 16.3 11.7 38.1
Measurement Set Sound Pressure Level (SPL) in dB per Octave-Band Frequency (in Hz) A-Wt.
Meas. Pos. & NSA Time of Test 31.5 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 Level
Pos. 1 (NSA #1) 12:01 AM 39.3 38.2 36.2 28.1 29.0 32.7 25.7 16.3 13.6 34.8
Houses on Kieferle Rd., 12:03 AM 38.5 37.1 36.6 29.0 25.7 31.0 25.7 16.0 14.1 33.4
3,300 ft. NW of 12:04 AM 40.9 40.0 36.0 29.1 27.7 28.4 23.5 16.4 14.3 32.0
Compressor Unit Average SPL 39.7 38.6 36.3 28.8 27.7 31.0 25.1 16.2 14.0 33.5
Pos. 1 (NSA #2) 12:01 AM 39.3 38.2 36.2 28.1 29.0 32.7 25.7 16.3 13.6 34.8
Houses on Kieferle Rd. 12:03 AM 38.5 37.1 36.6 29.0 25.7 31.0 25.7 16.0 14.1 33.4
3,000 ft. W of 12:04 AM 40.9 40.0 36.0 29.1 27.7 28.4 23.5 16.4 14.3 32.0
Compressor Unit Average SPL 39.7 38.6 36.3 28.8 27.7 31.0 25.1 16.2 14.0 33.5
Pos.1 (NSA #3) 12:01 AM 39.3 38.2 36.2 28.1 29.0 32.7 25.7 16.3 13.6 34.8
House on SR 55, 12:03 AM 38.5 37.1 36.6 29.0 25.7 31.0 25.7 16.0 14.1 33.4
2,900 ft. SW of 12:04 AM 40.9 40.0 36.0 29.1 27.7 28.4 23.5 16.4 14.3 32.0
Compressor Unit Average SPL 39.7 38.6 36.3 28.8 27.7 31.0 25.1 16.2 14.0 33.5
Pos. 1 (NSA #4) 12:01 AM 39.3 38.2 36.2 28.1 29.0 32.7 25.7 16.3 13.6 34.8
House on SR 55, 12:03 AM 38.5 37.1 36.6 29.0 25.7 31.0 25.7 16.0 14.1 33.4
3,750 ft. N-NW of 12:04 AM 40.9 40.0 36.0 29.1 27.7 28.4 23.5 16.4 14.3 32.0
Compressor Unit Average SPL 39.7 38.6 36.3 28.8 27.7 31.0 25.1 16.2 14.0 33.5
B-2
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Highland CS Eastern System Upgrade H&K Job No. 4982
APPENDIX C Analysis Methodology for Station Noise H&K Report No. 3354 (07/27/16)
Source No. SOURCE PWL/SPL & EST'D. SOUND LEVEL PWL or SPL in dB Per Octave-Band Center Freq. (Hz) A-Wt.
& Dist (Ft) CONTRIBUTIONS AT SPEC. DISTANCE 31.5 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 Level
1) PWL of Turbine-Comp. Casing Noise 125 124 126 121 117 117 122 126 122 130
PWL for 1 Titan 130 Unit 125 124 126 121 117 117 122 126 122 130
NR of Noise Control -6 -14 -24 -32 -44 -44 -44 -44 -44
Misc. Atten. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3300 Hemispherical Radiation -68 -68 -68 -68 -68 -68 -68 -68 -68
Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 -1 -1 -2 -5 -10 -25 -45
Source Sound Level Contribution 51 42 33 20 3 0 0 0 0 21
2) Silenced Exhaust System SPL at 400 ft. 63 54 43 37 32 30 30 30 30 39
SPL for 1 unit 63 54 43 37 32 30 30 30 30 39
NR of Additional Noise Control 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Misc. Atten. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3300 Hemispherical Radiation -18 -18 -18 -18 -18 -18 -18 -18 -18
Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 -1 -1 -2 -4 -9 -22 -40
Source Sound Level Contribution 44 35 24 18 12 7 3 0 0 16
3) PWL of Turbine Intake System 114 120 127 127 128 131 134 169 161 170
PWL for 1 Titan 130 Unit 114 120 127 127 128 131 134 169 161 170
Atten of 1st Stage Silencer 0 -2 -3 -4 -18 -38 -47 -54 -50
Atten of 2nd Stage Silencer -5 -12 -24 -38 -30 -20 -10 -10 -5
Atten of Air Inlet Filter 0 -2 -8 -9 -13 -26 -27 -27 -33
Misc. Atten. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3300 Hemispherical Radiation -68 -68 -68 -68 -68 -68 -68 -68 -68
Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 -1 -1 -2 -5 -10 -25 -45
Source Sound Level Contribution 41 36 23 7 0 0 0 0 0 13
4) PWL of Turbine L.O. Cooler 91 89 86 83 81 79 77 76 71 85
PWL for 1 Lube Oil Cooler 91 89 86 83 81 79 77 76 71 85
NR of Noise Control 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ground Level Shielding 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3300 Hemispherical Radiation -68 -68 -68 -68 -68 -68 -68 -68 -68
Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 -1 -1 -2 -5 -10 -25 -45
Source Sound Level Contribution 23 21 17 14 11 6 0 0 0 12
5) PWL of Single Gas Cooler Fan 91 89 86 83 81 79 77 76 71 85
PWL of (12) Fans 102 100 97 94 92 90 88 87 82 96
NR of Noise Control 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ground Level Shielding 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3300 Hemispherical Radiation -68 -68 -68 -68 -68 -68 -68 -68 -68
Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Source Sound Level Contribution 34 32 29 26 24 22 20 19 14 28
6) PWL of Aboveground Piping 88 92 92 92 92 102 102 102 92 108
PWL for 1 Unit 88 92 92 92 92 102 102 102 92 108
NR of Noise Control 0 0 -4 -9 -15 -20 -20 -20 -15
Ground Level Shielding 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3300 Hemispherical Radiation -68 -68 -68 -68 -68 -68 -68 -68 -68
Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 -1 -1 -2 -5 -10 -25 -45 Calc'd
Source Sound Level Contribution 20 24 19 14 7 9 4 0 0 13 Ldn
Est'd Total Contribution of Proposed Station 52 44 35 28 24 22 20 19 15 29.0 35.4
General Note: DIL, NR and PWL values on this spreadsheet should not be used as the specified values. Refer to the
"Noise Control Measures" in the report or other company specifications for the actual specified PWL of equip., noise
reduction (NR) of pipe lagging or building construction, and DIL values of silencers assoc. with the prop. equipment.
C-1
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Highland CS Eastern System Upgrade H&K Job No. 4982
APPENDIX C Analysis Methodology for Station Noise H&K Report No. 3354 (07/27/16)
Source No. SOURCE PWL/SPL & EST'D. SOUND LEVEL PWL or SPL in dB Per Octave-Band Center Freq. (Hz) A-Wt.
& Dist (Ft) CONTRIBUTIONS AT SPEC. DISTANCE 31.5 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 Level
1) PWL of Turbine-Comp. Casing Noise 125 124 126 121 117 117 122 126 122 130
PWL for 1 Titan 130 Unit 125 124 126 121 117 117 122 126 122 130
NR of Noise Control -6 -14 -24 -32 -44 -44 -44 -44 -44
Misc. Atten. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3000 Hemispherical Radiation -67 -67 -67 -67 -67 -67 -67 -67 -67
Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 -1 -1 -2 -5 -9 -23 -41
Source Sound Level Contribution 52 42 34 21 4 1 2 0 0 22
2) Silenced Exhaust System SPL at 400 ft. 63 54 43 37 32 30 30 30 30 39
SPL for 1 unit 63 54 43 37 32 30 30 30 30 39
NR of Additional Noise Control 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Misc. Atten. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3000 Hemispherical Radiation -18 -18 -18 -18 -18 -18 -18 -18 -18
Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 -1 -1 -2 -4 -8 -20 -36
Source Sound Level Contribution 45 36 25 18 13 9 5 0 0 17
3) PWL of Turbine Intake System 114 120 127 127 128 131 134 169 161 170
PWL for 1 Titan 130 Unit 114 120 127 127 128 131 134 169 161 170
Atten of 1st Stage Silencer 0 -2 -3 -4 -18 -38 -47 -54 -50
Atten of 2nd Stage Silencer -5 -12 -24 -38 -30 -20 -10 -10 -5
Atten of Air Inlet Filter 0 -2 -8 -9 -13 -26 -27 -27 -33
Misc. Atten. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3000 Hemispherical Radiation -67 -67 -67 -67 -67 -67 -67 -67 -67
Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 -1 -1 -2 -5 -9 -23 -41
Source Sound Level Contribution 42 36 24 8 0 0 0 0 0 14
4) PWL of Turbine L.O. Cooler 91 89 86 83 81 79 77 76 71 85
PWL for 1 Lube Oil Cooler 91 89 86 83 81 79 77 76 71 85
NR of Noise Control 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ground Level Shielding 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3000 Hemispherical Radiation -67 -67 -67 -67 -67 -67 -67 -67 -67
Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 -1 -1 -2 -5 -9 -23 -41
Source Sound Level Contribution 24 21 18 15 12 7 1 0 0 13
5) PWL of Single Gas Cooler Fan 91 89 86 83 81 79 77 76 71 85
PWL of (12) Fans 102 100 97 94 92 90 88 87 82 96
NR of Noise Control 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ground Level Shielding 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3000 Hemispherical Radiation -67 -67 -67 -67 -67 -67 -67 -67 -67
Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Source Sound Level Contribution 35 33 30 27 25 23 21 20 15 28
6) PWL of Aboveground Piping 88 92 92 92 92 102 102 102 92 108
PWL for 1 Unit 88 92 92 92 92 102 102 102 92 108
NR of Noise Control 0 0 -4 -9 -15 -20 -20 -20 -15
Ground Level Shielding 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3000 Hemispherical Radiation -67 -67 -67 -67 -67 -67 -67 -67 -67
Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 -1 -1 -2 -5 -9 -23 -41 Calc'd
Source Sound Level Contribution 21 24 20 15 8 10 6 0 0 14 Ldn
Est'd Total Contribution of Proposed Station 53 45 36 28 25 23 21 20 15 29.8 36.2
General Note: DIL, NR and PWL values on this spreadsheet should not be used as the specified values. Refer to the
"Noise Control Measures" in the report or other company specifications for the actual specified PWL of equip., noise
reduction (NR) of pipe lagging or building construction, and DIL values of silencers assoc. with the prop. equipment.
C-2
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Highland CS Eastern System Upgrade H&K Job No. 4982
APPENDIX C Analysis Methodology for Station Noise H&K Report No. 3354 (07/27/16)
Source No. SOURCE PWL/SPL & EST'D. SOUND LEVEL PWL or SPL in dB Per Octave-Band Center Freq. (Hz) A-Wt.
& Dist (Ft) CONTRIBUTIONS AT SPEC. DISTANCE 31.5 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 Level
1) PWL of Turbine-Comp. Casing Noise 125 124 126 121 117 117 122 126 122 130
PWL for 1 Titan 130 Unit 125 124 126 121 117 117 122 126 122 130
NR of Noise Control -6 -14 -24 -32 -44 -44 -44 -44 -44
Misc. Atten. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2900 Hemispherical Radiation -67 -67 -67 -67 -67 -67 -67 -67 -67
Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 -1 -1 -2 -4 -9 -22 -40
Source Sound Level Contribution 52 43 34 21 4 2 2 0 0 22
2) Silenced Exhaust System SPL at 400 ft. 63 54 43 37 32 30 30 30 30 39
SPL for 1 unit 63 54 43 37 32 30 30 30 30 39
NR of Additional Noise Control 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Misc. Atten. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2900 Hemispherical Radiation -17 -17 -17 -17 -17 -17 -17 -17 -17
Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 -1 -1 -2 -4 -8 -19 -34
Source Sound Level Contribution 46 37 25 19 13 9 5 0 0 18
3) PWL of Turbine Intake System 114 120 127 127 128 131 134 169 161 170
PWL for 1 Titan 130 Unit 114 120 127 127 128 131 134 169 161 170
Atten of 1st Stage Silencer 0 -2 -3 -4 -18 -38 -47 -54 -50
Atten of 2nd Stage Silencer -5 -12 -24 -38 -30 -20 -10 -10 -5
Atten of Air Inlet Filter 0 -2 -8 -9 -13 -26 -27 -27 -33
Misc. Atten. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2900 Hemispherical Radiation -67 -67 -67 -67 -67 -67 -67 -67 -67
Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 -1 -1 -2 -4 -9 -22 -40
Source Sound Level Contribution 42 37 24 8 0 0 0 0 0 14
4) PWL of Turbine L.O. Cooler 91 89 86 83 81 79 77 76 71 85
PWL for 1 Lube Oil Cooler 91 89 86 83 81 79 77 76 71 85
NR of Noise Control 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ground Level Shielding 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2900 Hemispherical Radiation -67 -67 -67 -67 -67 -67 -67 -67 -67
Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 -1 -1 -2 -4 -9 -22 -40
Source Sound Level Contribution 24 22 18 15 12 8 1 0 0 14
5) PWL of Single Gas Cooler Fan 91 89 86 83 81 79 77 76 71 85
PWL of (12) Fans 102 100 97 94 92 90 88 87 82 96
NR of Noise Control 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ground Level Shielding 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2900 Hemispherical Radiation -67 -67 -67 -67 -67 -67 -67 -67 -67
Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Source Sound Level Contribution 35 33 30 27 25 23 21 20 15 29
6) PWL of Aboveground Piping 88 92 92 92 92 102 102 102 92 108
PWL for 1 Unit 88 92 92 92 92 102 102 102 92 108
NR of Noise Control 0 0 -4 -9 -15 -20 -20 -20 -15
Ground Level Shielding 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2900 Hemispherical Radiation -67 -67 -67 -67 -67 -67 -67 -67 -67
Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 -1 -1 -2 -4 -9 -22 -40 Calc'd
Source Sound Level Contribution 21 25 20 15 8 11 6 0 0 15 Ldn
Est'd Total Contribution of Proposed Station 53 45 37 29 25 23 21 20 16 30.1 36.5
General Note: DIL, NR and PWL values on this spreadsheet should not be used as the specified values. Refer to the
"Noise Control Measures" in the report or other company specifications for the actual specified PWL of equip., noise
reduction (NR) of pipe lagging or building construction, and DIL values of silencers assoc. with the prop. equipment.
C-3
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Highland CS Eastern System Upgrade H&K Job No. 4982
APPENDIX C Analysis Methodology for Station Noise H&K Report No. 3354 (07/27/16)
Source No. SOURCE PWL/SPL & EST'D. SOUND LEVEL PWL or SPL in dB Per Octave-Band Center Freq. (Hz) A-Wt.
& Dist (Ft) CONTRIBUTIONS AT SPEC. DISTANCE 31.5 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 Level
1) PWL of Turbine-Comp. Casing Noise 125 124 126 121 117 117 122 126 122 130
PWL for 1 Titan 130 Unit 125 124 126 121 117 117 122 126 122 130
NR of Noise Control -6 -14 -24 -32 -44 -44 -44 -44 -44
Misc. Atten. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3750 Hemispherical Radiation -69 -69 -69 -69 -69 -69 -69 -69 -69
Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 -1 -2 -3 -6 -11 -29 -51
Source Sound Level Contribution 50 40 32 18 1 0 0 0 0 20
2) Silenced Exhaust System SPL at 400 ft. 63 54 43 37 32 30 30 30 30 39
SPL for 1 unit 63 54 43 37 32 30 30 30 30 39
NR of Additional Noise Control 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Misc. Atten. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3750 Hemispherical Radiation -19 -19 -19 -19 -19 -19 -19 -19 -19
Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 -1 -1 -2 -5 -10 -25 -46
Source Sound Level Contribution 43 34 23 16 10 6 1 0 0 15
3) PWL of Turbine Intake System 114 120 127 127 128 131 134 169 161 170
PWL for 1 Titan 130 Unit 114 120 127 127 128 131 134 169 161 170
Atten of 1st Stage Silencer 0 -2 -3 -4 -18 -38 -47 -54 -50
Atten of 2nd Stage Silencer -5 -12 -24 -38 -30 -20 -10 -10 -5
Atten of Air Inlet Filter 0 -2 -8 -9 -13 -26 -27 -27 -33
Misc. Atten. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3750 Hemispherical Radiation -69 -69 -69 -69 -69 -69 -69 -69 -69
Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 -1 -2 -3 -6 -11 -29 -51
Source Sound Level Contribution 40 34 22 5 0 0 0 0 0 12
4) PWL of Turbine L.O. Cooler 91 89 86 83 81 79 77 76 71 85
PWL for 1 Lube Oil Cooler 91 89 86 83 81 79 77 76 71 85
NR of Noise Control 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ground Level Shielding 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3750 Hemispherical Radiation -69 -69 -69 -69 -69 -69 -69 -69 -69
Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 -1 -2 -3 -6 -11 -29 -51
Source Sound Level Contribution 22 19 16 12 9 4 0 0 0 11
5) PWL of Single Gas Cooler Fan 91 89 86 83 81 79 77 76 71 85
PWL of (12) Fans 102 100 97 94 92 90 88 87 82 96
NR of Noise Control 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ground Level Shielding 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3750 Hemispherical Radiation -69 -69 -69 -69 -69 -69 -69 -69 -69
Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Source Sound Level Contribution 33 31 28 25 23 21 19 18 13 26
6) PWL of Aboveground Piping 88 92 92 92 92 102 102 102 92 108
PWL for 1 Unit 88 92 92 92 92 102 102 102 92 108
NR of Noise Control 0 0 -4 -9 -15 -20 -20 -20 -15
Ground Level Shielding 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3750 Hemispherical Radiation -69 -69 -69 -69 -69 -69 -69 -69 -69
Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 -1 -2 -3 -6 -11 -29 -51 Calc'd
Source Sound Level Contribution 19 22 18 12 5 7 2 0 0 12 Ldn
Est'd Total Contribution of Proposed Station 51 43 34 26 23 21 19 18 14 27.9 34.3
General Note: DIL, NR and PWL values on this spreadsheet should not be used as the specified values. Refer to the
"Noise Control Measures" in the report or other company specifications for the actual specified PWL of equip., noise
reduction (NR) of pipe lagging or building construction, and DIL values of silencers assoc. with the prop. equipment.
C-4
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Highland CS Eastern System Upgrade H&K Job No. 4982
APPENDIX C Analysis Methodology for Station Noise H&K Report No. 3354 (07/27/16)
In general, the predicted sound level contributed by the proposed Station was calculated as a
function of frequency from estimated octave-band sound power levels (PWLs) for each
significant sound source associated with the Station. The following summarizes the analysis
procedure:
Initially, unweighted octave-band PWLs for each noise source (without noise control) were
determined from actual sound measurements performed by H&K on similar equipment
and/or obtained from the equipment manufacturer.
Then, expected noise reductions in dB per octave-band frequency due to any designated
noise control measures for each source were subtracted from the estimated PWL.
Next, octave-band SPLs for each source (with noise control) were determined by
compensating for sound attenuation due to propagation (hemispherical radiation) and
atmospheric sound absorption.
Shielding from buildings, terrain or foliage has been conservatively ignored.
Finally, the estimated octave-band SPLs for each source (with noise control and other
sound attenuation effects) were corrected for A-weighting, and the total SPLs of all sound
sources were logarithmically summed and corrected for A-weighting to provide the
estimated A-wt. sound level contributed at the specified distance(s) by the proposed Station.
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Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
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APPENDIX D Analysis Methodology for Construction Noise H&K Report No. 3354 (07/27/16)
Equipment Est'd A-Wt. Resulting A-Wt. Assumed Max. Est'd Max. A-Wt.
Type of Power Rating Est'd Number Sound Level at PWL of Single No. Operating PWL or Sound
Equipment or Capacity Required 50 Ft.: Note (1) Piece of Equip. at One Time Level of Equip.
Note (1): Noise Emission Levels of construction equipment based on an EPA Report (meas'd sound data for a railroad
construction project) and measured sound data in the field by H&K or other published sound data.
Note (2): Noise attenuation due to hemispherical sound propagation: Sound propagates outwards in all directions
(i.e., length, width, height) from a point source, and the sound energy of a noise source decreases with
increasing distance from the source. In the case of hemispherical sound propagation, the source is located
on a flat continuous plane/surface (e.g., ground), and the sound radiates hemispherically from the source.
The following equation is the theoretical decrease of sound energy when determining the resulting SPL of
a noise source at a specific distance (r) of a receiver from a source sound power level (PWL):
Decrease in SPL (hemispherical propagation) from a noise source = 20*log(r) 2.3 dB, where r is
distance of the receiver from the noise source. For example, if the distance "r" is 2900 feet between the
site and closest NSA, the hemispherical propagation = 20*log(2900) 2.3 dB = 67 dB.
Note (3): Noise attenuation due to air absorption & foliage: Air absorbs sound energy, and the amount of absorption
("attenuation") is dependent on temperature and relative humidity (R.H.) of the air and the frequency of sound.
For standard day conditions (i.e., no wind, 60 deg. F. and 70% R.H.), the attenuation due to air absorption for
the medium frequency (i.e., 1000 Hz O.B. SPL) is approximately 1.5 dB per 1,000 feet. In addition, foliage
such as forest/trees between the Station site and nearby NSAs can have a sound attenuation effect depending
on the amount/thickness of the foliage.
Note (4): Calc'd Ldn equal to the est'd A-wt. sound level since construction activities will occur only during daytime.
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Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
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APPENDIX E - Acoustical Terminology H&K Report No. 3354 (07/27/16)
(1) Decibel (dB): A unit for expressing the relative power level difference between acoustical
or electrical signals. It is ten times the common logarithm of the ratio of two related
quantities that are proportional to power. When adding dB or dBA values, the values
must be added logarithmically. For example, the logarithmic addition of 35 dB plus 35
dB is 38 dB.
(3) A-Weighted Sound Level (dBA): The A-wt. sound level is a single-figure sound rating,
expressed in decibels, which correlates to the human perception of the loudness of
sound. The dBA level is commonly used to measure industrial and environmental noise
since it is easy to measure and provides a reasonable indication of the human
annoyance value of the noise. The dBA measurement is not a good descriptor of a
noise consisting of strong low-frequency components or for a noise with tonal
components.
(4) Background or Ambient Noise: The total noise produced by all other sources associated
with a given environment in the vicinity of a specific sound source of interest, and
includes any Residual Noise.
(5) Sound Pressure Level (Lp or SPL): Ten times the common logarithm to the base 10 of
the ratio of the mean square sound pressure to the square of a reference pressure.
Therefore, the sound pressure level is equal to 20 times the common logarithm of the
ratio of the sound pressure to a reference pressure (20 micropascals or 0.0002
microbar).
(6) Octave Band Sound Pressure Level (SPL): Sound is typically measured in frequency
ranges (e.g., high-pitched sound, low-pitched sound, etc.) that provides more
meaningful sound data regarding the sound character of the noise. When measuring
two noise sources for comparison, it is better to measure the spectrum of each noise,
such as in octave band SPL frequency ranges. Then, the relative loudness of two
sounds can be compared frequency range by frequency range. As an illustration, two
noise sources can have the same dBA rating and yet sound completely different. For
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Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Highland CS Eastern System Upgrade H&K Job No. 3719
APPENDIX E - Acoustical Terminology H&K Report No. 3354 (07/27/16)
(7) Daytime Sound Level (Ld) & Nighttime Sound Level (Ln): Ld is the equivalent A-weighted
sound level, in decibels, for a 15 hour time period, between 07:00 to 22:00 Hours (7:00
a.m. to 10:00 p.m.). Ln is the equivalent A-weighted sound level, in decibels, for a 9
hour time period, between 22:00 to 07:00 Hours (10:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m.).
(8) Equivalent Sound Level (Leq): The equivalent sound level (Leq) can be considered an
average sound level measured during a period of time, including any fluctuating sound
levels during that period. In this report, the Leq is equal to the level of a steady (in time)
A-weighted sound level that would be equivalent to the sampled A-weighted sound level
on an energy basis for a specified measurement interval. The concept of the measuring
Leq has been used broadly to relate individual and community reaction to aircraft and
other environmental noises.
(9) Day-Night Sound Level (Ldn): The Ldn is an energy average of the measured daytime Leq
(Ld) and the measured nighttime Leq (Ln) plus 10 dB. The 10-dB adjustment to the Ln is
intended to compensate for nighttime sensitivity. As such, the Ldn is not a true measure
of the sound level but represents a skewed average that correlates generally with past
sound surveys which attempted to relate environmental sound levels with physiological
reaction and physiological effects. For a steady sound source that operates
continuously over a 24-hour period and controls the environmental sound level, an Ldn is
approx. 6.4 dB above the measured Leq.
(10) Sound Level Meter (SLM): An instrument used to measure sound pressure level, sound
level, octave-band SPL, or peak sound pressure level, separately or in any combinations
thereof. The measured weighted SPL (i.e., A-Wt. Sound Level or dBA) is obtained by
the use of a SLM having a standard frequency-filter for attenuating part of the sound
spectrum.
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Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Highland CS Eastern System Upgrade H&K Job No. 3719
APPENDIX E - Acoustical Terminology H&K Report No. 3354 (07/27/16)
-- 130 --
Large Siren at 100 Ft.
Threshold
-- 10 -- of Hearing
Hoover & Keith Inc. (Consultants in Acoustics)
11391 Meadowglen, Suite D
Houston, Texas 77082 -- 0 --
-end of report-
E-3
APPENDIX 9G
Resource Report 9 Air and Noise Quality 9G-i Eastern System Upgrade
HANCOCK COMPRESSOR STATION
REPORT SUMMARY
In this report, Hoover and Keith, Inc. (H&K) present the results of a noise impact analysis
associated with a proposed compressor unit addition (i.e., Unit 2) at the existing Hancock
Compressor Station (Station), which is owned Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C.
(Millennium). The purpose of the acoustical analysis is to:
Project the sound level contribution that would result from operating the proposed
compressor unit addition (i.e., Unit 2).
Determine noise control measures and noise specifications for the Station equipment to
insure that the facility meets applicable sound level criteria.
Tables I and II (p. ii) depict the noise quality analysis for the modified Station with respect to
the existing Station sound levels and with respect to the existing ambient sound levels,
respectively.
The existing ambient sound levels were documented in a 2012 Ambient Sound Survey and
Noise Impact Analysis associated with the installation of Unit 1 1. The goal of the ambient
sound survey was to document the lower range of ambient sound levels for the meteorological
conditions that existed during the sound survey. During the 2012 sound survey, the wind
speeds were relatively low (0-5 mph), which resulted in generally still conditions. The sound
measurements were performed at or near the shoulder of public roads and the measurements
were paused to obtain periods of minimum audible traffic noise, no passby traffic, periods with
no direct aircraft flyovers, and other short term sounds to exclude extraneous sound from the
sound survey. Observations during the 2012 sound survey indicated that the area surrounding
the Station was a generally quiet rural area that would be controlled by normal environmental
sounds (i.e., birds, insects, wind noise, distant traffic, passby traffic, aircraft, etc.).
It was concluded that the measured sound level data adequately quantified the existing ambient
sound levels around the site for the meteorological conditions that occurred during the 2012
sound survey. It was concluded that throughout a typical year, there may be periods with lower
ambient sound levels than reported, but it was also concluded that the long term ambient sound
levels would be greater than the reported sound levels factoring in the total noise produced by
all sources associated with a given environment.
The existing Station sound levels were documented in a 2014 post-construction sound survey
associated with the installation of Unit 1 2. The measurements and observations, during the
1 FERC Docket CP13-14-000. Hancock Compressor Station, Ambient Sound Survey and Noise Impact
Analysis (associated with the Hancock Compressor Project). H&K RN 2725, August 31, 2012.
2 FERC Docket CP13-14-000. Hancock Compressor Station, Post-Construction Sound Survey. H&K RN
3022, May 22, 2014.
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Noise Impact Analysis H&K Report No. 3353 (07/27/16)
NSAs Distance Leq of Ldn of Est'd Leq Est'd Ldn Estimated Estimated Potential
Center of Existing Existing of of Total Leq Total Ldn Increase
Proposed Station at Station at Proposed Proposed (Existing (Existing Above
Unit 2 Full Load Full Load Unit 2 Unit 2 Station + Station + Existing
(1) (1) Proposed Proposed Station
Unit 2) Unit 2)
(dBA) (dBA) (dBA) (dBA) (dBA) (dB)
NSA #1
675 ft. E 34.4 40.8 38.3 44.7 39.8 46.2 5.4
(House)
NSA #2 1,550 ft. W-
28.7 35.1 31.5 37.9 33.3 39.7 4.6
(House) SW
NSA #3
2,175 ft. NE 24.0 30.4 27.2 33.6 28.9 35.3 4.9
(House)
NSA #4 3,775 ft. S-
18.5 24.9 22.6 29.0 24.0 30.4 5.5
(House) SE
NSA #5 3,475 ft. E-
19.1 25.5 23.0 29.4 24.5 30.9 5.4
(Houses) NE
(1)
H&K RN 3022. Hancock Compressor Station, Post-Construction Sound Survey. May 22, 2014.
Table I: Noise Quality Analysis of Modified Station for Existing Station Sound Levels
NSAs Distance Meas'd Ln (1) Meas'd Ld (1) Calc'd Estimated Estimated Estimated Potential
Center of Ambient Ldn Total Leq Total Ldn Total Ldn Increase
Proposed (1) (Existing (Existing (Existing Above
Unit 2 Station + Station + Station + Existing
Proposed Proposed Proposed Ambient
Unit 2) Unit 2) Unit 2 +
Ambient)
Table II: Noise Quality Analysis of Modified Station for Existing Ambient Sound Levels
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Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
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Noise Impact Analysis H&K Report No. 3353 (07/27/16)
2014 sound survey, indicated that the noise of the existing Station did not control the measured
sound levels at any NSA measurement position. In addition, the Station was not audible at
NSA #2 thru NSA #5. Therefore, the existing Station sound levels had to be estimated from a
position inside the Station, where the sound of the Station was dominant.
Table III below summarizes the existing Ambient sound levels, the sound level contribution of
the existing Station, the sound level contribution of the modified Station, and the potential
increase above the existing Station sound levels and the existing Ambient sound levels:
The results of our 2012 ambient sound survey, 2014 post-construction sound survey,
observations and analysis of the existing Station and proposed Station modifications indicate
that the estimated full load sound level of the modified Station should be significantly less than
an Ldn of 55 dBA.
The potential increase above existing Station sound levels ranges from 4.6 to 5.4 dB, and it
should be noted that this potential increase is relative to the very low sound levels for the
existing Station.
The potential increase above the existing Ambient sound level at NSA #1 is 5.2 dB, which is
primarily due to the close proximity to NSA #1. However, the potential increase above the
existing Ambient sound levels at NSA #2 thru NSA #5 ranges from 0.4 to 2.2 dB, which is
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Noise Impact Analysis H&K Report No. 3353 (07/27/16)
representative of a minimum impact. Regarding the human perception for change in sound
level (i.e., potential increase above ambient), a 0-3 dB change in sound level is representative
of a minimum impact, a 5-6 dB change is a noticeable impact, and a 10 dB change is perceived
as a doubling of sound level or a significant impact.
As with the original Hancock Compressor Station project, Millennium intends to implement very
significant noise control measures for the proposed compressor unit addition. In conclusion,
assuming the recommended noise control measures are followed and successfully
implemented, it is our opinion that the sound level attributable to the modified Station should not
exceed the FERC criterion of 55 dBA Ldn at the nearby NSAs and there should be no
perceptible increase in vibration.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
REPORT SUMMARY. ....................................................................................................i
Tables A-E: Hancock CS: Est'd Sound Contribution of Unit 2 at NSA #1 thru #5. .. B-1 to B-5
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Noise Impact Analysis H&K Report No. 3353 (07/27/16)
1.0 INTRODUCTION
In this report, Hoover and Keith, Inc. (H&K) present the results of a noise impact
analysis associated with a proposed compressor unit addition (i.e., Unit 2) at the existing
Hancock Compressor Station (Station), which is owned Millennium Pipeline
Company, L.L.C. (Millennium). The purpose of the acoustical analysis is to:
Project the sound level contribution that would result from operating the
proposed compressor unit addition (i.e., Unit 2).
Determine noise control measures and noise specifications for the Station
equipment to insure that the facility meets applicable sound level criteria.
Typically, certificate conditions set forth by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
(FERC) require that the sound level attributable to a compressor unit addition not
exceed an equivalent day-night sound level (Ldn) of 55 dBA at any nearby NSA, such as
residences, hospitals or schools. The Ldn is an energy average of the daytime Leq (i.e.,
Ld) and nighttime Leq (i.e., Ln) plus 10 dB. For an essentially steady sound source (e.g.,
gas compressor station) that operates continuously over a 24-hour period and controls
the environmental sound level, the Ldn is approximately 6.4 dB above the measured Leq.
Consequently, an Ldn of 55 dBA corresponds to a Leq of 48.6 dBA.
There are no State of New York 1, Delaware County 2 or Town of Hancock noise
regulations.
For reference, a summary of acoustical terminology and typical metrics used to measure
and regulate environmental noise is provided at the end of this report in Appendix D
(pp. D-1 to D-3).
Figure 1 (p. A-1) depicts the Station and surrounding area. Figure 2 (p. A-2) depicts
the Station and immediate surrounding area. The Station is located in the Town of
1The NYSDEC has a Policy Document (i.e., Program Policy DEP-00-1; Revised Feb. 2, 2001, Assessing
and Mitigating Noise Impacts) to provide guidance and clarify program issues for NYSDEC staff to ensure
compliance with statutory and regulatory requirements for facility operations regulated under New York
State Environmental Quality Reviews or SEQR.
2 Per Dale R. Downin, Code Enforcement Officer, Delaware County. H&K RN 2725. August 31, 2012.
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Noise Impact Analysis H&K Report No. 3353 (07/27/16)
Hancock in Delaware County, New York and the Station is approximately 8 miles SE of
downtown Hancock. The surrounding area consists of forested lands, agricultural lands
and residences upon moderately to steeply sloped terrain. Table 1 below depicts the
nearby NSAs and their respective distance and direction to existing Unit 1 and proposed
Unit 2:
Figure 3 (p. A-3) depicts the proposed Station plot plan and Table 2 depicts the Station
compressor units for the modified Station:
Existing Unit 1 is a Solar Mars 100 Turbine Compressor Unit which contains extensive
noise mitigation measures. The following describes auxiliary equipment and other
notable items associated with the existing station:
Proposed Unit 2 is a Solar Titan 130 unit. The following describes auxiliary equipment
and other notable items associated with the proposed compressor unit:
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Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
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Noise Impact Analysis H&K Report No. 3353 (07/27/16)
The existing Station sound levels were documented in a 2014 post-construction sound
survey associated with the installation of Unit 1 3. The following Table 3 summarizes the
predicted and actual sound levels upon installation of the Station (i.e., Unit 1):
NSAs Distance Center Predicted Leq Actual Leq of Predicted Ldn Actual Ldn of
of Compressor of Station at Station at Full of Station at Station at Full
Unit Full Load (1) Load Full Load (1) Load
Table 3: Hancock Compressor Station Predicted and Actual Leq and Ldn
Sound Level Contribution of the Station at Full Load Operation (from
H&K RN 3022)
The noise impact evaluation considers the noise produced by all significant sound
sources associated with the proposed Station modifications that could impact the sound
contribution at the nearby NSAs. A description of the analysis methodology and source
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of sound data is provided in Appendix B (p. B-5). The following sound sources are
considered significant:
Proposed Unit 2
Turbine-compressor casing noise that penetrates the compressor building.
Noise of the turbine unit exhaust system.
Noise of the turbine air intake system.
Noise of the electric motor driven lube oil cooler.
Noise of the Station gas aftercooler addition.
Noise radiated by any above ground piping.
Tables A-E (pp. B-1 to B-5) show the calculation (i.e., spreadsheet analysis) of the
estimated octave-band SPLs and the A-wt. sound level, at NSAs #1 - #5, contributed by
the significant noise sources associated with the proposed facilities for standard day
propagating conditions (i.e., no wind, 60 deg. F., 70% R.H.) and any shielding from
buildings, terrain or foliage has been conservatively ignored or applied. This
spreadsheet analysis includes the potential noise reduction due to the anticipated and/or
recommended noise control measures for equipment.
Table 4 below summarizes the Noise Quality Analysis for the closest NSAs for the
proposed Station:
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Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
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Noise Impact Analysis H&K Report No. 3353 (07/27/16)
NSAs Distance Leq of Ldn of Est'd Leq Est'd Ldn Estimated Estimated Potential
Center of Existing Existing of of Total Leq Total Ldn Increase
Proposed Station at Station at Proposed Proposed (Existing (Existing Above
Unit 2 Full Load Full Load Unit 2 Unit 2 Station + Station + Existing
(1) (1) Proposed Proposed Station
Unit 2) Unit 2)
(dBA) (dBA) (dBA) (dBA) (dBA) (dB)
NSA #1
675 ft. E 34.4 40.8 38.3 44.7 39.8 46.2 5.4
(House)
NSA #2 1,550 ft. W-
28.7 35.1 31.5 37.9 33.3 39.7 4.6
(House) SW
NSA #3
2,175 ft. NE 24.0 30.4 27.2 33.6 28.9 35.3 4.9
(House)
NSA #4 3,775 ft. S-
18.5 24.9 22.6 29.0 24.0 30.4 5.5
(House) SE
NSA #5 3,475 ft. E-
19.1 25.5 23.0 29.4 24.5 30.9 5.4
(Houses) NE
(1)
H&K RN 3022. Hancock Compressor Station, Post-Construction Sound Survey. May 22, 2014.
Table 4: Hancock CS - Noise Quality Analysis associated with Proposed Unit 2
As noted above in Table 4, the sound contribution of the modified Station is estimated to
be significantly less than the 55 dBA Ldn FERC Criteria at the nearby NSAs.
The sound levels associated with high pressure gas venting are a function of initial
blowdown pressure, the diameter and type of blowdown valve, and the diameter and
arrangement of the downstream vent piping. As expected, blowdown sound levels are
loudest at the beginning of the blowdown event and they decrease as the blowdown
pressure decreases.
The following Table 5 summarizes the expected sound levels for normal blowdown
events (i.e., unit start up and shut down) at the closest NSA:
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Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
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Noise Impact Analysis H&K Report No. 3353 (07/27/16)
Table F (p. C-1) shows the calculation (i.e., spreadsheet analysis) of the estimated
construction noise during Station construction activities. The acoustical analysis of the
construction related activities considers the noise produced by any significant sound
sources associated with the primary construction equipment that could impact the sound
contribution at the nearby NSAs. The predicted sound contribution of construction
activities was performed only for the closest NSA (i.e., NSA #1).
Construction of the Station will consist of earth work (e.g., site grading, clearing &
grubbing) and construction of the site foundations and equipment, and it is assumed
that the highest level of construction noise would occur during site earth work (i.e., time
frame when the largest amount of construction equipment would operate). The analysis
indicates that the maximum A-wt. noise level of construction activities at the closest NSA
would be equal to or less than 64 dBA (i.e., Ldn of approximately 64 dBA, since
construction would only occur during daytime hours.
The following section provides recommended noise control measures and equipment
noise specifications along with other assumptions that may affect the noise generated
by the facility.
Special Note
It is extremely important that the recommended compressor building noise control
requirements, including the ventilation system requirements, are followed in detail, due
to the stringent acoustical requirements for the project. Alternate and lighter weight
compressor building designs are not endorsed by H&K if proposed by any Compressor
Building vendor.
Building Structure
Personnel entry doors should have a minimum STC-38 sound rating and could
include door glazing if a 2' x 2' maximum view port is employed (e.g., 1/2 inch thick
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Noise Impact Analysis H&K Report No. 3353 (07/27/16)
laminated glazing or double pane safety glass). Doors should seal well with the
doorframe and be self-closing.
All voids and openings in the building walls resulting from penetrations should be
patched and well sealed. Building construction details shall be consistent with a high
performance acoustical compressor building.
A double roll up door system shall be utilized for the equipment access opening.
Each overhead sectional roll-up door, as a minimum, should be a 20 gauge
insulated type design (e.g., 20 gauge exterior with a 22 gauge backskin with
insulation core) and should be completely weather-stripped.
Building Ventilation
The building ventilation system should be designed to properly ventilate (and cool)
the building and equipment during maximum outside ambient temperatures with all
personnel and equipment doors closed. Personnel and/or equipment doors will only
be opened during maintenance activities.
The A-wt. sound level for each ventilation inlet should not exceed 45 dBA at 50 feet
from the building penetration (i.e., inlet louver, acoustic inlet hood, etc.). The A-wt.
sound level for each ventilation exhaust outlet should not exceed 45 dBA at 50 feet
from the building penetration (i.e., exhaust louver, exhaust hood, etc.), noting that
this sound source is at or near the compressor building roof. A ridge vent shall not
be utilized. Each ventilation inlet and exhaust outlet shall assume that the following
sound pressure levels exist inside the compressor building at and adjacent to the
ventilation equipment:
As a minimum, air-supply fans used for ventilation should include a metal boot
enclosing the fan; a minimum 36-inch length exterior silencer and a weather hood
lined with acoustical insulation. Assuming separate roof exhaust vents will be
utilized, each roof exhaust vent, as a minimum, should include a 36-inch length
silencer (i.e., baffle-type design) mounted between the building surface and
vent/hood (i.e., in the ventilator throat).
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Personnel entry doors should be insulated steel doors with 1/4 inch thick laminated
glass. Doors should seal well with the doorframe and be self-closing.
All voids and openings in the building walls resulting from penetrations should be
patched and well sealed.
The building ventilation system should be designed to properly ventilate (and cool)
the building and equipment during maximum outside ambient temperatures with all
personnel and equipment doors closed. Personnel and/or equipment doors should
only be opened during maintenance activities.
The A-wt. sound level for each ventilation inlet should not exceed 45 dBA at 50 feet
from the building penetration (i.e., inlet louver, acoustic inlet hood, etc.). The A-wt.
sound level for each ventilation exhaust outlet should not exceed 45 dBA at 50 feet
from the building penetration (i.e., exhaust louver, exhaust hood, etc.). Each
ventilation inlet and exhaust outlet shall assume that the following sound pressure
levels exist inside the compressor building at and adjacent to the ventilation
equipment:
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Noise Impact Analysis H&K Report No. 3353 (07/27/16)
The ventilation system inlet and exhaust systems shall be designed to control interior
building sound that escapes from the inlet and exhaust flow paths, interior building
sound paths across ventilation system components (i.e., ducting break-in noise,
etc.,) and sound that is generated by ventilation equipment (i.e., supply fans,
exhaust fans, louvers, tempering coils, etc.).
As a minimum, air-supply fans used for ventilation should include a metal boot
enclosing the fan; a minimum 36-inch length exterior silencer and a weather hood
lined with acoustical insulation.
Assuming separate roof exhaust vents will be utilized, each roof exhaust vent, as a
minimum, should include a 36-inch length silencer (i.e., baffle-type design) mounted
between the building surface and vent/hood (i.e., in the ventilator throat).
The silenced exhaust system sound level, at 400 ft. and in any direction from the
exhaust stack centerline, shall not exceed the following octave-band sound pressure
levels:
Exhaust stack outlet noise and all exhaust system breakout noise (i.e., for
exterior exhaust system components, including all exterior duct sections,
expansion joints and any oxidation catalyst system).
Part load to full load turbine unit operation
The intake system should include two silencers in series (i.e., two stage silencing
system) between the air intake filter and turbine unit. It is recommended that the first
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silencer is located inside the building, while the second stage silencer can be located
outside the building, if required. It is also required that the first stage silencer (and
support system) is acoustically isolated from the second stage silencer (and support
structure) with an acoustical vibration break (i.e., 3 flexible fabric joint). The acoustical
break must be located inside the compressor building. The Solar supplied support
structure for the 1st stage and 2nd stage silencers should be separated (i.e., not span
across the flexible joint).
The first stage silencer should be a 60 "tubular" silencer. The second stage silencer
should be a parallel baffle construction, with an approximately length of 144. The
combined insertion loss of the 1st and 2nd stage silencers should approximately meet the
following values:
IL Values in dB per Octave-Band Center Freq. for 1st and 2nd Stage Silencers
31.5 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000
5 14 27 42 48 58 65 70 55
It is assumed that a pulse style, up-draft, air inlet filter that will be utilized.
The Solar low noise lube oil cooler (i.e., maximum 83 dBA PWL) with a Moore Class
10000 MAG fan and V-Belt drive is required for this Station.
It is assumed that each unitized gas cooler will consist of (4) bays with (3) fans per bay.
The A-wt. sound level of each bay should not exceed 53 dBA at a distance of 50 feet
from the unit perimeter at the rated operating conditions (i.e., (3) fans and motors in
operation). Nonetheless, the coolers shall be equipped with V-Belt drive and Moore
Class 10000 MAG style fans (Max. PWL per Fan = 85 dBA) are required, and the
maximum fan tip speed shall not exceed 7,000 fpm.
The Station high pressure gas piping including the Unit suction, discharge and bypass
valves, and the Station suction and discharge headers should be buried, to the extent
possible.
Any remaining aboveground piping can be acoustically lagged with a minimum 3" thick
fiberglass or mineral wool (e.g., 8.0 pcf uniform density) that is covered with a mass-
-10-
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Hancock CS Eastern System Upgrade H&K Job No. 4982
Noise Impact Analysis H&K Report No. 3353 (07/27/16)
filled vinyl jacket (e.g., composite of 1.0 psf mass-filled vinyl laminated to 0.020" thick
aluminum) if necessary.
Aboveground valves can be covered with removable and/or reusable acoustic material
and/or blankets, if necessary. The blanket material typically consists of a core of 2-inch
thick needled fiber mat (6.0-8.0 pcf density) and a liner material of mass-loaded vinyl
(1.0-1.25 psf surface weight) that is covered with a coated fiberglass cloth. The inner
layer of insulation should be covered with a stainless steel mesh instead of coated
fiberglass cloth. It is also recommended that any aboveground gas piping should be
separated from other metal structures such as metal gratings, walkways and stairs
around the piping, to the greatest extent possible to facility acoustical lagging.
Please note that thermal insulation (i.e., calcium silicate and banded metal jacketing) is
not suitable for attenuating piping noise. If thermal insulation for any piping systems is
required for personnel protection, etc, then consideration to utilize the acoustical system
described above should be given.
Any unit or Station control / recycle valves shall be low noise style valves (i.e., Globe
Style) with Whisperflo or Whisper III noise trim.
Gas Blowdown Silencer (i.e., unit piping purge/unit blowdown): It is recommended that
this sound source is silenced to 50 dBA at 300 ft. (as measured 5 ft. above the ground).
Fuel Gas Skids: It is recommended that any fuel gas skids be designed with regulators
that can achieve 85 dBA at 3 ft. for the worst case design conditions (i.e., anticipated
maximum pressure drop and flow across the regulator valve).
-11-
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Hancock CS Eastern System Upgrade H&K Job No. 4982
APPENDIX A Vicinity Maps and Station Plot Plan H&K Report No. 3353 (07/27/16)
TREES
TREES
TREES
1 MILE
TREES
EXISTING
HANCOCK
COMPRESSOR
STATION
DELAWARE
LAKE
TREES
TREES
DELAWARE
LAKE RD.
TREES
HUNGRY
RT. 97
HILL RD.
TREES
EXISTING
MILLENNIUM
GAS PIPELINE
TREES
TREES
LEGEND
APPROXIMATE SCALE IN FEET
- NONRESIDENTIAL BUILDING
- HOUSE
0 800 1600 3200
A-1
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Hancock CS Eastern System Upgrade H&K Job No. 4982
APPENDIX A Vicinity Maps and Station Plot Plan H&K Report No. 3353 (07/27/16)
TREES
TREES
EXISTING POS. 3
TREES HANCOCK
COMPRESSOR DELAWARE
NSA #3 TREES
STATION LAKE
'
NSA #5
75
21 TREES
PRIVATE
ACCESS RD.
'
3475
POS. 5
POS. 1 NSA #5
TREES
NSA #1
675'
POS. 2
0' DELAWARE
155 PROPOSED LAKE RD.
COMPRESSOR
UNIT ADDITION
PROPERTY
LINE
3775'
NSA #2
TREES
HUNGRY
HILL RD.
EXISTING
MILLENNIUM
RT. 97 GAS PIPELINE
TREES
TREES
LEGEND
- NONRESIDENTIAL BUILDING
POS. 4 - HOUSE
NSA - NOISE SENSITIVE AREA
NSA #4 - MEASUREMENT POSITION
A-2
Figure 3: Proposed Hancock
Compressor Station (Modifications)
Plot Plan
Provided under Separate Cover in
Volume IV-B CRITICAL ENERGY
INFRASTRUCTURE INFORMATION DO
NOT RELEASE
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Hancock CS Eastern System Upgrade H&K Job No. 4982
APPENDIX B Analysis Methodology for Proposed Unit 2 H&K Report No. 3353 (07/27/16)
Source No. SOURCE PWL/SPL & EST'D. SOUND LEVEL PWL or SPL in dB Per Octave-Band Center Freq. (Hz) A-Wt.
& Dist (Ft) CONTRIBUTIONS AT SPEC. DISTANCE 31.5 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 Level
1) PWL of Turbine-Comp. Casing Noise 125 124 126 121 117 117 122 126 122 130
PWL for 1 Titan 130 Unit 125 124 126 121 117 117 122 126 122 130
NR of Noise Control -10 -18 -28 -40 -50 -50 -50 -50 -50
Misc. Atten. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
675 Hemispherical Radiation -54 -54 -54 -54 -54 -54 -54 -54 -54
Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 0 0 0 -1 -2 -5 -9
Source Sound Level Contribution 61 52 44 26 12 12 16 17 8 31
2) Silenced Exhaust System SPL at 400 ft. 63 54 43 37 32 30 30 30 30 39
SPL for 1 unit 63 54 43 37 32 30 30 30 30 39
NR of Additional Noise Control 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Misc. Atten. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
675 Hemispherical Radiation -5 -5 -5 -5 -5 -5 -5 -5 -5
Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 -2 -4
Source Sound Level Contribution 58 49 38 32 27 25 25 23 22 33
3) PWL of Turbine Intake System 114 120 127 127 128 131 134 169 161 170
PWL for 1 Titan 130 Unit 114 120 127 127 128 131 134 169 161 170
Atten of 1st Stage Silencer 0 -2 -3 -4 -18 -38 -47 -54 -50
Atten of 2nd Stage Silencer -5 -12 -24 -38 -30 -20 -10 -10 -5
Atten of Air Inlet Filter 0 -2 -8 -9 -13 -26 -27 -27 -33
Misc. Atten. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
675 Hemispherical Radiation -54 -54 -54 -54 -54 -54 -54 -54 -54
Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 0 0 0 -1 -2 -5 -9
Source Sound Level Contribution 55 50 38 21 12 0 0 19 9 27
4) PWL of Turbine L.O. Cooler 88 86 83 80 78 76 74 73 68 82
PWL for 1 Lube Oil Cooler 88 86 83 80 78 76 74 73 68 82
NR of Noise Control 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ground Level Shielding 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
675 Hemispherical Radiation -54 -54 -54 -54 -54 -54 -54 -54 -54
Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 0 0 0 -1 -2 -5 -9
Source Sound Level Contribution 34 32 29 25 23 21 18 14 4 26
5) PWL of Single Gas Cooler Fan 91 89 86 83 81 79 77 76 71 85
PWL of (12) Fans 102 100 97 94 92 90 88 87 82 96
NR of Noise Control 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ground Level Shielding -2 -3 -4 -5 -7 -8 -10 -10 -10
950 Hemispherical Radiation -57 -57 -57 -57 -57 -57 -57 -57 -57
Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Source Sound Level Contribution 43 40 36 32 28 25 21 20 15 31
6) PWL of Aboveground Piping 88 92 92 92 92 102 102 102 92 108
PWL for 1 Unit 88 92 92 92 92 102 102 102 92 108
NR of Noise Control 0 0 -4 -9 -15 -20 -20 -20 -15
Ground Level Shielding 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
675 Hemispherical Radiation -54 -54 -54 -54 -54 -54 -54 -54 -54
Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 0 0 0 -1 -2 -5 -9 Calc'd
Source Sound Level Contribution 34 38 34 28 22 27 26 23 13 32 Ldn
Est'd Total Contribution of Proposed Comp. Unit 2 63 55 46 37 32 31 29 28 23 38.3 44.7
General Note: DIL, NR and PWL values on this spreadsheet should not be used as the specified values. Refer to the
"Noise Control Measures" in the report or other company specifications for the actual specified PWL of equip., noise
reduction (NR) of pipe lagging or building construction, and DIL values of silencers assoc. with the prop. equipment.
B-1
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Hancock CS Eastern System Upgrade H&K Job No. 4982
APPENDIX B Analysis Methodology for Proposed Unit 2 H&K Report No. 3353 (07/27/16)
Source No. SOURCE PWL/SPL & EST'D. SOUND LEVEL PWL or SPL in dB Per Octave-Band Center Freq. (Hz) A-Wt.
& Dist (Ft) CONTRIBUTIONS AT SPEC. DISTANCE 31.5 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 Level
1) PWL of Turbine-Comp. Casing Noise 125 124 126 121 117 117 122 126 122 130
PWL for 1 Titan 130 Unit 125 124 126 121 117 117 122 126 122 130
NR of Noise Control -10 -18 -28 -40 -50 -50 -50 -50 -50
Misc. Atten. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1550 Hemispherical Radiation -62 -62 -62 -62 -62 -62 -62 -62 -62
Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 0 -1 -1 -2 -5 -12 -21
Source Sound Level Contribution 53 44 36 19 4 3 6 3 0 23
2) Silenced Exhaust System SPL at 400 ft. 63 54 43 37 32 30 30 30 30 39
SPL for 1 unit 63 54 43 37 32 30 30 30 30 39
NR of Additional Noise Control 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Misc. Atten. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1550 Hemispherical Radiation -12 -12 -12 -12 -12 -12 -12 -12 -12
Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 0 0 -1 -2 -3 -9 -16
Source Sound Level Contribution 51 42 31 25 19 17 15 9 2 24
3) PWL of Turbine Intake System 114 120 127 127 128 131 134 169 161 170
PWL for 1 Titan 130 Unit 114 120 127 127 128 131 134 169 161 170
Atten of 1st Stage Silencer 0 -2 -3 -4 -18 -38 -47 -54 -50
Atten of 2nd Stage Silencer -5 -12 -24 -38 -30 -20 -10 -10 -5
Atten of Air Inlet Filter 0 -2 -8 -9 -13 -26 -27 -27 -33
Misc. Atten. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1550 Hemispherical Radiation -62 -62 -62 -62 -62 -62 -62 -62 -62
Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 0 -1 -1 -2 -5 -12 -21
Source Sound Level Contribution 47 42 30 14 4 0 0 5 0 19
4) PWL of Turbine L.O. Cooler 88 86 83 80 78 76 74 73 68 82
PWL for 1 Lube Oil Cooler 88 86 83 80 78 76 74 73 68 82
NR of Noise Control 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ground Level Shielding 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1550 Hemispherical Radiation -62 -62 -62 -62 -62 -62 -62 -62 -62
Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 0 -1 -1 -2 -5 -12 -21
Source Sound Level Contribution 26 24 21 18 15 12 8 0 0 17
5) PWL of Single Gas Cooler Fan 91 89 86 83 81 79 77 76 71 85
PWL of (12) Fans 102 100 97 94 92 90 88 87 82 96
NR of Noise Control 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ground Level Shielding -2 -3 -4 -5 -7 -8 -10 -10 -10
1300 Hemispherical Radiation -60 -60 -60 -60 -60 -60 -60 -60 -60
Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Source Sound Level Contribution 40 37 33 29 25 22 18 17 12 28
6) PWL of Aboveground Piping 88 92 92 92 92 102 102 102 92 108
PWL for 1 Unit 88 92 92 92 92 102 102 102 92 108
NR of Noise Control 0 0 -4 -9 -15 -20 -20 -20 -15
Ground Level Shielding 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1550 Hemispherical Radiation -62 -62 -62 -62 -62 -62 -62 -62 -62
Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 0 -1 -1 -2 -5 -12 -21 Calc'd
Source Sound Level Contribution 26 30 26 21 14 18 16 9 0 22 Ldn
Est'd Total Contribution of Proposed Comp. Unit 2 56 48 40 31 27 24 21 18 13 31.5 37.9
General Note: DIL, NR and PWL values on this spreadsheet should not be used as the specified values. Refer to the
"Noise Control Measures" in the report or other company specifications for the actual specified PWL of equip., noise
reduction (NR) of pipe lagging or building construction, and DIL values of silencers assoc. with the prop. equipment.
B-2
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Hancock CS Eastern System Upgrade H&K Job No. 4982
APPENDIX B Analysis Methodology for Proposed Unit 2 H&K Report No. 3353 (07/27/16)
Source No. SOURCE PWL/SPL & EST'D. SOUND LEVEL PWL or SPL in dB Per Octave-Band Center Freq. (Hz) A-Wt.
& Dist (Ft) CONTRIBUTIONS AT SPEC. DISTANCE 31.5 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 Level
1) PWL of Turbine-Comp. Casing Noise 125 124 126 121 117 117 122 126 122 130
PWL for 1 Titan 130 Unit 125 124 126 121 117 117 122 126 122 130
NR of Noise Control -10 -18 -28 -40 -50 -50 -50 -50 -50
Misc. Atten. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2175 Hemispherical Radiation -64 -64 -64 -64 -64 -64 -64 -64 -64
Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 0 -1 -2 -3 -7 -17 -30
Source Sound Level Contribution 50 41 33 16 1 0 1 0 0 20
2) Silenced Exhaust System SPL at 400 ft. 63 54 43 37 32 30 30 30 30 39
SPL for 1 unit 63 54 43 37 32 30 30 30 30 39
NR of Additional Noise Control 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Misc. Atten. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2175 Hemispherical Radiation -15 -15 -15 -15 -15 -15 -15 -15 -15
Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 0 -1 -1 -3 -5 -13 -24
Source Sound Level Contribution 48 39 28 22 16 13 10 2 0 21
3) PWL of Turbine Intake System 114 120 127 127 128 131 134 169 161 170
PWL for 1 Titan 130 Unit 114 120 127 127 128 131 134 169 161 170
Atten of 1st Stage Silencer 0 -2 -3 -4 -18 -38 -47 -54 -50
Atten of 2nd Stage Silencer -5 -12 -24 -38 -30 -20 -10 -10 -5
Atten of Air Inlet Filter 0 -2 -8 -9 -13 -26 -27 -27 -33
Misc. Atten. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2175 Hemispherical Radiation -64 -64 -64 -64 -64 -64 -64 -64 -64
Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 0 -1 -2 -3 -7 -17 -30
Source Sound Level Contribution 44 39 27 11 1 0 0 0 0 16
4) PWL of Turbine L.O. Cooler 88 86 83 80 78 76 74 73 68 82
PWL for 1 Lube Oil Cooler 88 86 83 80 78 76 74 73 68 82
NR of Noise Control 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ground Level Shielding 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2175 Hemispherical Radiation -64 -64 -64 -64 -64 -64 -64 -64 -64
Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 0 -1 -2 -3 -7 -17 -30
Source Sound Level Contribution 23 21 18 15 12 8 3 0 0 14
5) PWL of Single Gas Cooler Fan 91 89 86 83 81 79 77 76 71 85
PWL of (12) Fans 102 100 97 94 92 90 88 87 82 96
NR of Noise Control 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ground Level Shielding -2 -3 -4 -5 -7 -8 -10 -10 -10
2475 Hemispherical Radiation -66 -66 -66 -66 -66 -66 -66 -66 -66
Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Source Sound Level Contribution 34 31 27 23 19 16 12 11 6 22
6) PWL of Aboveground Piping 88 92 92 92 92 102 102 102 92 108
PWL for 1 Unit 88 92 92 92 92 102 102 102 92 108
NR of Noise Control 0 0 -4 -9 -15 -20 -20 -20 -15
Ground Level Shielding 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2175 Hemispherical Radiation -64 -64 -64 -64 -64 -64 -64 -64 -64
Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 0 -1 -2 -3 -7 -17 -30 Calc'd
Source Sound Level Contribution 23 27 23 18 11 14 11 1 0 18 Ldn
Est'd Total Contribution of Proposed Comp. Unit 2 53 45 36 27 22 20 16 13 10 27.2 33.6
General Note: DIL, NR and PWL values on this spreadsheet should not be used as the specified values. Refer to the
"Noise Control Measures" in the report or other company specifications for the actual specified PWL of equip., noise
reduction (NR) of pipe lagging or building construction, and DIL values of silencers assoc. with the prop. equipment.
B-3
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Hancock CS Eastern System Upgrade H&K Job No. 4982
APPENDIX B Analysis Methodology for Proposed Unit 2 H&K Report No. 3353 (07/27/16)
Source No. SOURCE PWL/SPL & EST'D. SOUND LEVEL PWL or SPL in dB Per Octave-Band Center Freq. (Hz) A-Wt.
& Dist (Ft) CONTRIBUTIONS AT SPEC. DISTANCE 31.5 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 Level
1) PWL of Turbine-Comp. Casing Noise 125 124 126 121 117 117 122 126 122 130
PWL for 1 Titan 130 Unit 125 124 126 121 117 117 122 126 122 130
NR of Noise Control -10 -18 -28 -40 -50 -50 -50 -50 -50
Misc. Atten. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3775 Hemispherical Radiation -69 -69 -69 -69 -69 -69 -69 -69 -69
Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 -1 -2 -3 -6 -11 -29 -52
Source Sound Level Contribution 45 36 28 10 0 0 0 0 0 16
2) Silenced Exhaust System SPL at 400 ft. 63 54 43 37 32 30 30 30 30 39
SPL for 1 unit 63 54 43 37 32 30 30 30 30 39
NR of Additional Noise Control 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Misc. Atten. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3775 Hemispherical Radiation -19 -19 -19 -19 -19 -19 -19 -19 -19
Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 -1 -1 -2 -5 -10 -26 -46
Source Sound Level Contribution 43 34 23 16 10 5 0 0 0 15
3) PWL of Turbine Intake System 114 120 127 127 128 131 134 169 161 170
PWL for 1 Titan 130 Unit 114 120 127 127 128 131 134 169 161 170
Atten of 1st Stage Silencer 0 -2 -3 -4 -18 -38 -47 -54 -50
Atten of 2nd Stage Silencer -5 -12 -24 -38 -30 -20 -10 -10 -5
Atten of Air Inlet Filter 0 -2 -8 -9 -13 -26 -27 -27 -33
Misc. Atten. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3775 Hemispherical Radiation -69 -69 -69 -69 -69 -69 -69 -69 -69
Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 -1 -2 -3 -6 -11 -29 -52
Source Sound Level Contribution 39 34 22 5 0 0 0 0 0 12
4) PWL of Turbine L.O. Cooler 88 86 83 80 78 76 74 73 68 82
PWL for 1 Lube Oil Cooler 88 86 83 80 78 76 74 73 68 82
NR of Noise Control 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ground Level Shielding 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3775 Hemispherical Radiation -69 -69 -69 -69 -69 -69 -69 -69 -69
Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 -1 -2 -3 -6 -11 -29 -52
Source Sound Level Contribution 18 16 13 9 6 1 0 0 0 9
5) PWL of Single Gas Cooler Fan 91 89 86 83 81 79 77 76 71 85
PWL of (12) Fans 102 100 97 94 92 90 88 87 82 96
NR of Noise Control 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ground Level Shielding -2 -3 -4 -5 -7 -8 -10 -10 -10
3800 Hemispherical Radiation -69 -69 -69 -69 -69 -69 -69 -69 -69
Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Source Sound Level Contribution 30 27 23 19 15 12 8 7 2 19
6) PWL of Aboveground Piping 88 92 92 92 92 102 102 102 92 108
PWL for 1 Unit 88 92 92 92 92 102 102 102 92 108
NR of Noise Control 0 0 -4 -9 -15 -20 -20 -20 -15
Ground Level Shielding 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3775 Hemispherical Radiation -69 -69 -69 -69 -69 -69 -69 -69 -69
Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 -1 -2 -3 -6 -11 -29 -52 Calc'd
Source Sound Level Contribution 18 22 18 12 5 7 1 0 0 12 Ldn
Est'd Total Contribution of Proposed Comp. Unit 2 48 40 31 22 17 15 11 10 8 22.6 29.0
General Note: DIL, NR and PWL values on this spreadsheet should not be used as the specified values. Refer to the
"Noise Control Measures" in the report or other company specifications for the actual specified PWL of equip., noise
reduction (NR) of pipe lagging or building construction, and DIL values of silencers assoc. with the prop. equipment.
B-4
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Hancock CS Eastern System Upgrade H&K Job No. 4982
APPENDIX B Analysis Methodology for Proposed Unit 2 H&K Report No. 3353 (07/27/16)
Source No. SOURCE PWL/SPL & EST'D. SOUND LEVEL PWL or SPL in dB Per Octave-Band Center Freq. (Hz) A-Wt.
& Dist (Ft) CONTRIBUTIONS AT SPEC. DISTANCE 31.5 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 Level
1) PWL of Turbine-Comp. Casing Noise 125 124 126 121 117 117 122 126 122 130
PWL for 1 Titan 130 Unit 125 124 126 121 117 117 122 126 122 130
NR of Noise Control -10 -18 -28 -40 -50 -50 -50 -50 -50
Misc. Atten. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3475 Hemispherical Radiation -69 -69 -69 -69 -69 -69 -69 -69 -69
Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 -1 -1 -2 -5 -10 -26 -48
Source Sound Level Contribution 46 37 29 11 0 0 0 0 0 16
2) Silenced Exhaust System SPL at 400 ft. 63 54 43 37 32 30 30 30 30 39
SPL for 1 unit 63 54 43 37 32 30 30 30 30 39
NR of Additional Noise Control 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Misc. Atten. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3475 Hemispherical Radiation -19 -19 -19 -19 -19 -19 -19 -19 -19
Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 -1 -1 -2 -5 -9 -23 -42
Source Sound Level Contribution 44 35 24 17 11 7 2 0 0 16
3) PWL of Turbine Intake System 114 120 127 127 128 131 134 169 161 170
PWL for 1 Titan 130 Unit 114 120 127 127 128 131 134 169 161 170
Atten of 1st Stage Silencer 0 -2 -3 -4 -18 -38 -47 -54 -50
Atten of 2nd Stage Silencer -5 -12 -24 -38 -30 -20 -10 -10 -5
Atten of Air Inlet Filter 0 -2 -8 -9 -13 -26 -27 -27 -33
Misc. Atten. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3475 Hemispherical Radiation -69 -69 -69 -69 -69 -69 -69 -69 -69
Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 -1 -1 -2 -5 -10 -26 -48
Source Sound Level Contribution 40 35 23 6 0 0 0 0 0 13
4) PWL of Turbine L.O. Cooler 88 86 83 80 78 76 74 73 68 82
PWL for 1 Lube Oil Cooler 88 86 83 80 78 76 74 73 68 82
NR of Noise Control 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ground Level Shielding 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3475 Hemispherical Radiation -69 -69 -69 -69 -69 -69 -69 -69 -69
Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 -1 -1 -2 -5 -10 -26 -48
Source Sound Level Contribution 19 17 14 10 7 2 0 0 0 10
5) PWL of Single Gas Cooler Fan 91 89 86 83 81 79 77 76 71 85
PWL of (12) Fans 102 100 97 94 92 90 88 87 82 96
NR of Noise Control 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ground Level Shielding -2 -3 -4 -5 -7 -8 -10 -10 -10
3775 Hemispherical Radiation -69 -69 -69 -69 -69 -69 -69 -69 -69
Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Source Sound Level Contribution 31 28 24 20 16 13 9 8 3 19
6) PWL of Aboveground Piping 88 92 92 92 92 102 102 102 92 108
PWL for 1 Unit 88 92 92 92 92 102 102 102 92 108
NR of Noise Control 0 0 -4 -9 -15 -20 -20 -20 -15
Ground Level Shielding 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3475 Hemispherical Radiation -69 -69 -69 -69 -69 -69 -69 -69 -69
Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 -1 -1 -2 -5 -10 -26 -48 Calc'd
Source Sound Level Contribution 19 23 19 13 6 8 3 0 0 13 Ldn
Est'd Total Contribution of Proposed Comp. Unit 2 49 41 32 23 18 15 11 10 8 23.0 29.4
General Note: DIL, NR and PWL values on this spreadsheet should not be used as the specified values. Refer to the
"Noise Control Measures" in the report or other company specifications for the actual specified PWL of equip., noise
reduction (NR) of pipe lagging or building construction, and DIL values of silencers assoc. with the prop. equipment.
B-5
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Hancock CS Eastern System Upgrade H&K Job No. 4982
APPENDIX B Analysis Methodology for Proposed Unit 2 H&K Report No. 3353 (07/27/16)
In general, the predicted sound level contributed by the proposed units were calculated as a
function of frequency from estimated octave-band sound power levels (PWLs) for each
significant sound source associated with the proposed compressor unit addition. The following
summarizes the analysis procedure:
Initially, unweighted octave-band PWLs for each noise source (without noise control) were
determined from actual sound measurements performed by H&K on similar equipment
and/or obtained from the equipment manufacturer.
Then, expected noise reductions in dB per octave-band frequency due to any designated
noise control measures for each source were subtracted from the estimated PWL.
Next, octave-band SPLs for each source (with noise control) were determined by
compensating for sound attenuation due to propagation (hemispherical radiation) and
atmospheric sound absorption.
Shielding from buildings, terrain or foliage has been conservatively ignored and/or applied.
Finally, the estimated octave-band SPLs for each source (with noise control and other
sound attenuation effects) were corrected for A-weighting, and the total SPLs of all sound
sources were logarithmically summed and corrected for A-weighting to provide the
estimated A-wt. sound level contributed at the specified distance(s) by the proposed
compressor unit addition.
B-6
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Hancock CS Eastern System Upgrade H&K Job No. 4982
APPENDIX C Analysis Methodology for Construction Noise H&K Report No. 3353 (07/27/16)
Equipment Est'd A-Wt. Resulting A-Wt. Assumed Max. Est'd Max. A-Wt.
Type of Power Rating Est'd Number Sound Level at PWL of Single No. Operating PWL or Sound
Equipment or Capacity Required 50 Ft.: Note (1) Piece of Equip. at One Time Level of Equip.
Note (1): Noise Emission Levels of construction equipment based on an EPA Report (meas'd sound data for a railroad
construction project) and measured sound data in the field by H&K or other published sound data.
Note (2): Noise attenuation due to hemispherical sound propagation: Sound propagates outwards in all directions
(i.e., length, width, height) from a point source, and the sound energy of a noise source decreases with
increasing distance from the source. In the case of hemispherical sound propagation, the source is located
on a flat continuous plane/surface (e.g., ground), and the sound radiates hemispherically from the source.
The following equation is the theoretical decrease of sound energy when determining the resulting SPL of
a noise source at a specific distance (r) of a receiver from a source sound power level (PWL):
Decrease in SPL (hemispherical propagation) from a noise source = 20*log(r) 2.3 dB, where r is
distance of the receiver from the noise source. For example, if the distance "r" is 675 feet between the
site and closest NSA, the hemispherical propagation = 20*log(675) 2.3 dB = 54 dB.
Note (3): Noise attenuation due to air absorption & foliage: Air absorbs sound energy, and the amount of absorption
("attenuation") is dependent on temperature and relative humidity (R.H.) of the air and the frequency of sound.
For standard day conditions (i.e., no wind, 60 deg. F. and 70% R.H.), the attenuation due to air absorption for
the medium frequency (i.e., 1000 Hz O.B. SPL) is approximately 1.5 dB per 1,000 feet. In addition, foliage
such as forest/trees between the Station site and nearby NSAs can have a sound attenuation effect depending
on the amount/thickness of the foliage.
Note (4): Calc'd Ldn approx. equal to the est'd A-wt. sound level since construction activities will occur only during daytime.
C-1
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Hancock CS Eastern System Upgrade H&K Job No. 3719
APPENDIX D - Acoustical Terminology H&K Report No. 3353 (07/27/16)
(1) Decibel (dB): A unit for expressing the relative power level difference between acoustical
or electrical signals. It is ten times the common logarithm of the ratio of two related
quantities that are proportional to power. When adding dB or dBA values, the values
must be added logarithmically. For example, the logarithmic addition of 35 dB plus 35
dB is 38 dB.
(3) A-Weighted Sound Level (dBA): The A-wt. sound level is a single-figure sound rating,
expressed in decibels, which correlates to the human perception of the loudness of
sound. The dBA level is commonly used to measure industrial and environmental noise
since it is easy to measure and provides a reasonable indication of the human
annoyance value of the noise. The dBA measurement is not a good descriptor of a
noise consisting of strong low-frequency components or for a noise with tonal
components.
(4) Background or Ambient Noise: The total noise produced by all other sources associated
with a given environment in the vicinity of a specific sound source of interest, and
includes any Residual Noise.
(5) Sound Pressure Level (Lp or SPL): Ten times the common logarithm to the base 10 of
the ratio of the mean square sound pressure to the square of a reference pressure.
Therefore, the sound pressure level is equal to 20 times the common logarithm of the
ratio of the sound pressure to a reference pressure (20 micropascals or 0.0002
microbar).
(6) Octave Band Sound Pressure Level (SPL): Sound is typically measured in frequency
ranges (e.g., high-pitched sound, low-pitched sound, etc.) that provides more
meaningful sound data regarding the sound character of the noise. When measuring
two noise sources for comparison, it is better to measure the spectrum of each noise,
such as in octave band SPL frequency ranges. Then, the relative loudness of two
sounds can be compared frequency range by frequency range. As an illustration, two
noise sources can have the same dBA rating and yet sound completely different. For
D-1
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Hancock CS Eastern System Upgrade H&K Job No. 3719
APPENDIX D - Acoustical Terminology H&K Report No. 3353 (07/27/16)
(7) Daytime Sound Level (Ld) & Nighttime Sound Level (Ln): Ld is the equivalent A-weighted
sound level, in decibels, for a 15 hour time period, between 07:00 to 22:00 Hours (7:00
a.m. to 10:00 p.m.). Ln is the equivalent A-weighted sound level, in decibels, for a 9
hour time period, between 22:00 to 07:00 Hours (10:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m.).
(8) Equivalent Sound Level (Leq): The equivalent sound level (Leq) can be considered an
average sound level measured during a period of time, including any fluctuating sound
levels during that period. In this report, the Leq is equal to the level of a steady (in time)
A-weighted sound level that would be equivalent to the sampled A-weighted sound level
on an energy basis for a specified measurement interval. The concept of the measuring
Leq has been used broadly to relate individual and community reaction to aircraft and
other environmental noises.
(9) Day-Night Sound Level (Ldn): The Ldn is an energy average of the measured daytime Leq
(Ld) and the measured nighttime Leq (Ln) plus 10 dB. The 10-dB adjustment to the Ln is
intended to compensate for nighttime sensitivity. As such, the Ldn is not a true measure
of the sound level but represents a skewed average that correlates generally with past
sound surveys which attempted to relate environmental sound levels with physiological
reaction and physiological effects. For a steady sound source that operates
continuously over a 24-hour period and controls the environmental sound level, an Ldn is
approx. 6.4 dB above the measured Leq.
(10) Sound Level Meter (SLM): An instrument used to measure sound pressure level, sound
level, octave-band SPL, or peak sound pressure level, separately or in any combinations
thereof. The measured weighted SPL (i.e., A-Wt. Sound Level or dBA) is obtained by
the use of a SLM having a standard frequency-filter for attenuating part of the sound
spectrum.
D-2
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Hancock CS Eastern System Upgrade H&K Job No. 3719
APPENDIX D - Acoustical Terminology H&K Report No. 3353 (07/27/16)
-- 130 --
Large Siren at 100 Ft.
Threshold
-- 10 -- of Hearing
Hoover & Keith Inc. (Consultants in Acoustics)
11391 Meadowglen, Suite D
Houston, Texas 77082 -- 0 --
-end of report-
D-3
APPENDIX 9H
Resource Report 9 Air and Noise Quality 9H-i Eastern System Upgrade
RAMAPO METER STATION
REPORT SUMMARY
In this report, Hoover and Keith, Inc. (H&K) present the results of a December 16, 2015 pre-
construction sound survey and subsequent noise impact analysis associated with the proposed
M&R addition at the existing Ramapo Meter Station (Station), which is owned by Millennium
Pipeline Company, L.L.C. (Millennium). The purpose of the pre-construction sound survey
and acoustical analysis is to:
Locate the existing noise-sensitive areas (NSAs) surrounding the Station and document
the existing Station sound levels.
Project the sound level contribution that would result from operating the proposed M&R
addition.
Determine noise control measures and noise specifications for the Station equipment to
insure that the facility meets applicable sound level criteria.
The following table summarizes the measured sound levels and noise quality analysis for the
proposed M&R addition at the existing Ramapo Meter Station, at the closest NSAs:
NSAs Distance to Meas'd Meas'd Calc'd Est'd Leq Est'd Ldn Total Ldn + Potential
Proposed Ambient Ambient Ambient of M&R of M&R (Ambient Increase
M&R Addition Ld Ln Ldn (1) Addition Addition (2) + M&R Above
Addition) Ambient
The existing Ramapo Meter Station was not audible at any NSA during the December 16, 2015
post-construction sound survey. The results of our measurements, observations and analysis
indicate that the proposed M&R addition sound level contribution at the nearby NSAs should be
significantly below an Ldn of 55 dBA. Therefore, assuming the recommended noise control
measures are followed and successfully implemented, it is our opinion that the sound level
attributable to the modified Ramapo Meter Station (i.e., existing Meter Station + proposed M&R
addition), should not exceed the FERC criterion of 55 dBA Ldn at the nearby NSAs and there
should be no perceptible increase in vibration.
-i-
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Ramapo MS Eastern System Upgrade RN 3355 / JN 4982
Pre-Construction Sound Survey and Noise Impact Analysis (07/27/16)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
REPORT SUMMARY. ....................................................................................................i
1.0 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 1
2.0 SOUND CRITERIA....................................................................................................... 1
3.0 DESCRIPTION OF SITE AND STATION ..................................................................... 2
3.1 Description of the Site. ...................................................................................... 2
3.2 Description of the Station Equipment ................................................................ 2
4.0 MEASUREMENT METHODOLOGY. ........................................................................... 2
4.1 Sound Measurement Locations......................................................................... 2
4.2 Data Acquisition and Sound Measurement Equipment...................................... 3
5.0 MEASUREMENT RESULTS ........................................................................................ 3
5.1 Measured Sound Level Data ............................................................................. 3
5.2 Observations during the Site Sound Tests ........................................................ 4
6.0 NOISE IMPACT EVALUATION.................................................................................... 4
6.1 Significant Sound Sources. ............................................................................... 4
6.2 Estimated Sound Contribution........................................................................... 4
6.3 Noise Quality Analysis. ..................................................................................... 4
6.4 Construction Noise Impact. ............................................................................... 5
7.0 NOISE CONTROL RECOMMENDATIONS. ................................................................. 6
7.1 Control Valves. ................................................................................................. 6
7.2 Water Bath Heater (Gas Heater). ...................................................................... 6
7.3 Aboveground Gas Piping. ................................................................................. 7
FIGURES AND TABLES
Figure 1: Existing Ramapo Meter Station and Surrounding Area. ................................. A-1
Figure 2: Ramapo Meter Station Plot Plan. ................................................................... A-2
Table A: Measured and Averaged Daytime & Nighttime Leq and Calculated Ldn. .......... B-1
Table B: Meteorological Conditions during the Sound Testing ..................................... B-1
Table C: Measured and Averaged Octave-Band Daytime SPLs during Testing............ B-2
Table D: Measured and Averaged Octave-Band Nighttime SPLs during Testing.......... B-2
Tables E-G: M&R Addition: Est'd Sound Contribution at NSA #1 - #3. .................... C-1 to C-3
Table H: Est'd Construction Noise at Closest NSA. ......................................................D-1
APPENDIX E: Town of Ramapo Noise Ordinance. ............................................................... E-1
APPENDIX F: Acoustical Terminology. ................................................................................. F-1
-ii-
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Ramapo MS Eastern System Upgrade RN 3355 / JN 4982
Pre-Construction Sound Survey and Noise Impact Analysis (07/27/16)
1.0 INTRODUCTION
In this report, Hoover and Keith, Inc. (H&K) present the results of a December 16, 2015
pre-construction sound survey and subsequent noise impact analysis associated with
the proposed M&R addition at the existing Ramapo Meter Station (Station), which is
owned by Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. (Millennium). The purpose of the pre-
construction sound survey and acoustical analysis is to:
Locate the existing noise-sensitive areas (NSAs) surrounding the Station and
document the existing Station sound levels.
Project the sound level contribution that would result from operating the proposed
M&R addition.
Determine noise control measures and noise specifications for the Station
equipment to insure that the facility meets applicable sound level criteria.
Typically, certificate conditions set forth by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
(FERC) require that the sound level attributable to a new compressor station (or M&R
Station) not exceed an equivalent day-night sound level (Ldn) of 55 dBA at any nearby
NSA, such as residences, hospitals or schools. The Ldn is an energy average of the
daytime Leq (i.e., Ld) and nighttime Leq (i.e., Ln) plus 10 dB. For an essentially steady
sound source (e.g., regulation station) that operates continuously over a 24-hour period
and controls the environmental sound level, the Ldn is approximately 6.4 dB above the
measured Leq. Consequently, an Ldn of 55 dBA corresponds to a Leq of 48.6 dBA.
There are no State of New York 1 noise regulations for the Station. We are unaware of
any Rockland County noise regulations.
The Town of Ramapo has a noise ordinance, and the complete text of Chapter 188.
Noise is included in Appendix E.
For reference, a summary of acoustical terminology and typical metrics used to measure
and regulate environmental noise is provided at the end of this report in Appendix F (pp.
F-1 to F-3).
1 The NYSDEC has a Policy Document (i.e., Program Policy DEP-00-1; Revised Feb. 2, 2001,
Assessing and Mitigating Noise Impacts) to provide guidance and clarify program issues for NYSDEC
staff to ensure compliance with statutory and regulatory requirements for facility operations regulated
under New York State Environmental Quality Reviews or SEQR.
-1-
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Ramapo MS Eastern System Upgrade RN 3355 / JN 4982
Pre-Construction Sound Survey and Noise Impact Analysis (07/27/16)
Figure 1 (p. A-1) depicts the existing Station and surrounding area. The Station is
located in the Town of Ramapo in Rockland County, NY. The area generally south to
east, and east to north, consists of numerous suburban residences. The area to the
west is a large undeveloped natural area with significant foliage. The closest NSAs are
residences 975 ft. E to SE, 1,900 ft. N-NE to NE and 1,950 ft. S-SW of the proposed
M&R addition.
Figure 2 (p. A-2) depicts the proposed Station Plot Plan, which includes existing M&R
Station equipment. The proposed M&R addition includes the following:
Three (3) locations were chosen to measure the sound levels near the closest NSAs
located around the Station and the measurement locations are depicted on Figure 1 (p.
A-1). The following is a description of the NSAs and the selected sound measurement
position:
Pos. 1: Near NSA #1: Houses approximately 975 ft. E to SE of the proposed M&R
addition.
Pos. 2: Near NSA #2: Houses approximately 1,900 ft. N-NE to NE of the proposed M&R
addition.
Pos. 3: Near NSA #3: At the County Park, approximately 1,950 ft. W-SW of the proposed
M&R addition.
-2-
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Ramapo MS Eastern System Upgrade RN 3355 / JN 4982
Pre-Construction Sound Survey and Noise Impact Analysis (07/27/16)
Ambient sound measurements were performed by Larry Lengyel, of H&K during the
daytime and nighttime periods on December 16, 2015. At the reported sound
measurement locations, the A-wt. equivalent sound levels (Leq) and unweighted octave-
band sound pressure levels (SPLs) were performed at approximately 5 ft. above ground.
Typically, 3 representative samples of the ambient noise were performed at each sound
measurement position. The acoustical measurement system consisted of a Rion Model
NA-27 Sound Level Meter (a Type 1 SLM per ANSI S1.4 & S1.11) equipped with a 1/2-
inch microphone with a windscreen, and SLM was calibrated within 1 year of the sound
test date.
Table A (p. C-1) shows the measured daytime Leq (i.e., Ld) and the measured nighttime
Leq (i.e., Ln) along with the logarithmic average of the measured Ld and Ln since more
than one (1) sample of the sound level was measured. In addition, Table A includes a
calculated day-night average sound level (i.e., Ldn), as calculated from the measured Ld
and Ln and observations during the measurements. Meteorological conditions during the
tests are summarized in Table B (p. C-1). The measured daytime and nighttime
unweighted octave-band SPLs at the reported sound measurement positions and the
average of the octave-band SPLs are provided in Table C (p. C-2) and Table D (p. C-2),
respectively.
The following Table 1 summarizes the measured daytime (Ld) and measured nighttime
(Ln) at the NSAs along with the calculated Ldn (as calculated from the measured Ld and
measured Ln).
-3-
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Ramapo MS Eastern System Upgrade RN 3355 / JN 4982
Pre-Construction Sound Survey and Noise Impact Analysis (07/27/16)
At NSA #1: Primary Daytime noise: Traffic on Hwy. 202, birds, a distant airplane, light
wind and a distant barking dog. The Station was not audible. Primary Nighttime noise:
Distant traffic on I-87 and light wind. The Station was not audible.
At NSA #2: Primary Daytime noise: Traffic on Hwy. 202, birds, a distant airplane and
light wind. The Station was not audible. Primary Nighttime noise: Distant traffic on I-87
and light wind. The Station was not audible.
At NSA #3: Primary Daytime noise: Traffic on Hwy. 202, a distant airplane and light
wind. The Station was not audible. Primary Nighttime noise: Distant traffic on I-87 and
light wind. The Station was not audible.
The noise impact evaluation considers the noise produced by all significant sound
sources associated with the proposed facilities that could impact the sound contribution
at the nearby NSAs. A description of the analysis methodology and source of sound
data is provided in Appendix C (p. C-4). The following sound sources are considered
significant:
Tables E-G (pp. C-1 to C-3) show the calculation (i.e., spreadsheet analysis) of the
estimated octave-band SPLs and the A-wt. sound level, at NSA #1 thru NSA #3,
contributed by the significant noise sources associated with the proposed facilities for
standard day propagating conditions (i.e., no wind, 60 deg. F., 70% R.H.) and any
shielding from buildings, terrain or foliage has been conservatively ignored.
Table 2 below summarizes the Noise Quality Analysis for the closest NSAs for the
modified Station:
-4-
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Ramapo MS Eastern System Upgrade RN 3355 / JN 4982
Pre-Construction Sound Survey and Noise Impact Analysis (07/27/16)
NSAs Distance to Meas'd Meas'd Calc'd Est'd Leq Est'd Ldn Total Ldn + Potential
Proposed Ambient Ambient Ambient of M&R of M&R (Ambient Increase
M&R Addition Ld Ln Ldn (1) Addition Addition (2) + M&R Above
Addition) Ambient
The existing Meter Station was not audible at any NSA during the December 16, 2016
post-construction sound survey. As noted above in Table 2, the sound contribution of
the proposed M&R Addition is estimated to be significantly less than the 55 dBA Ldn
FERC Criteria at the nearby NSAs. Therefore, the modified Station (i.e., existing Meter
Station + proposed M&R addition) should also be significantly less than the 55 dBA Ldn
FERC Criteria at the nearby NSAs.
Table H (p. D-1) shows the calculation (i.e., spreadsheet analysis) of the estimated
construction noise during M&R addition construction activities. The acoustical analysis
of the construction related activities considers the noise produced by any significant
sound sources associated with the primary construction equipment that could impact the
sound contribution at the nearby NSAs. The predicted sound contribution of
construction activities was performed only for the closest NSA (i.e., NSA #1).
Construction of the M&R addition will consist of earth work (e.g., site grading, clearing &
grubbing) and construction of the site foundations and equipment, and it is assumed that
the highest level of construction noise would occur during site earth work (i.e., time
frame when the largest amount of construction equipment would operate). The analysis
indicates that the maximum A-wt. noise level of construction activities at the closest NSA
would be equal to or less than 54 dBA (i.e., Ldn of approximately 54 dBA, since
construction would only occur during daytime hours.
-5-
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Ramapo MS Eastern System Upgrade RN 3355 / JN 4982
Pre-Construction Sound Survey and Noise Impact Analysis (07/27/16)
The following section provides recommended noise control measures and equipment
noise specifications along with other assumptions that may affect the noise generated by
the facility.
Millennium intends to place all flow control and pressure control valves, and the majority
of associated piping below grade, to mitigate noise.
It is recommended that the water bath heater meet an A-Wt. sound level of 55 dBA at 50
feet from the heater perimeter at the rated maximum operating conditions (includes any
noise radiated from the heater stack opening). A "low noise" box-type burner assembly
shall be utilized. In addition, the near field sound level of the water bath combustion
intake and exhaust noise shall not exceed the following sound level requirements:
3'
Exhaust Stack
3' and 90 degrees
(in any direction)
3'
or Burner Tubes
(in any direction)
- Elevation - - Plan -
3'
-6-
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Ramapo MS Eastern System Upgrade RN 3355 / JN 4982
Pre-Construction Sound Survey and Noise Impact Analysis (07/27/16)
The acoustical analysis indicates that acoustical pipe lagging is not required, because
the majority of new gas piping will be buried. In the event any small piping segments
becomes problematic, the aboveground piping can be acoustically lagged with a
minimum 3" thick fiberglass or mineral wool (e.g., 8.0 pcf uniform density) that is covered
with a mass-filled vinyl jacket (e.g., composite of 1.0 psf mass-filled vinyl laminated to
0.020" thick aluminum) if necessary.
Aboveground valves can be covered with removable and/or reusable acoustic material
and/or blankets, if necessary. The blanket material typically consists of a core of 2-inch
thick needled fiber mat (6.0-8.0 pcf density) and a liner material of mass-loaded vinyl
(1.0-1.25 psf surface weight) that is covered with a coated fiberglass cloth. The inner
layer of insulation should be covered with a stainless steel mesh instead of coated
fiberglass cloth.
-7-
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Ramapo MS Eastern System Upgrade RN 3355 / JN 4982
APPENDIX A Vicinity Maps and Station Plot Plan (07/27/16)
N
EXISTING
POWER
LINE
SKY POS. 2
MEADOW
RD.
EXISTING NSA #2
COLUMBIA
'
00
GAS PIPELINE
EXISTING PROPOSED 19
RAMAPO METER STATION
METER ADDITIONS MAHWAH
RIVER SPOOK
STATION ROCK
EXISTING RD.
HARVERSTRAW
MILLENNIUM RD.
GAS PIPELINE (SR-202) OLD
HARVERSTRAW
NSA #1
RD.
97
5'
POS. 1
'
1950
EXISTING
AGT GAS
PIPELINE
GRAND VIEW
AVE.
(CR-80)
COUNTY PARK
POS. 3
LEGEND
- NONRESIDENTIAL BUILDING
- HOUSE OR MOBILE HOME
NSA - NOISE SENSITIVE AREA
- MEASUREMENT POSITION
A-1
Figure 2: Ramapo Meter Station Plot
Plan
Provided under Separate Cover in
Volume IV-B CRITICAL ENERGY
INFRASTRUCTURE INFORMATION DO
NOT RELEASE
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Ramapo MS Eastern System Upgrade RN 3355 / JN 4982
APPENDIX B Measurement Data (07/27/16)
Table A: Existing Ramapo Meter Station (Ramapo, NY): Summary of Day/Night Sound
Levels at the NSAs as Meas'd on Dec. 16, 2015, along with Resulting Ldn
Note (1): Ldn calculated by adding 6.4 dB to the measured Ld. If both the Ld and Ln are measured and/or
estimated, the Ldn is calculated using the following formula:
15 9
Ldn = 10 log10 10 Ld /10 + 10( Ln +10 )/10
24 24
Table B: Existing Ramapo Meter Station (Ramapo, NY): Summary of the Meteorological
Conditions during the Sound Survey on Dec. 16, 2015
B-1
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Ramapo MS Eastern System Upgrade RN 3355 / JN 4982
APPENDIX B Measurement Data (07/27/16)
Measurement Set Sound Pressure Level (SPL) in dB per Octave-Band Freq. (in Hz) A-Wt.
Meas. Pos. & NSA Time of Test 31.5 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 Level
Pos. 1 (NSA #1) 12:15 PM 71.6 66.5 65.2 60.3 56.1 59.9 54.8 43.2 32.7 62.6
Residences 12:16 PM 55.2 55.8 52.3 52.3 52.7 55.4 50.4 40.5 33.7 57.9
975 ft. E to SE 12:17 PM 56.3 56.0 52.5 46.5 49.0 55.2 49.9 38.7 25.2 57.1
of Meter Station Average SPL 67.1 62.4 60.9 56.3 53.5 57.4 52.3 41.2 31.8 59.9
Pos. 2 (NSA #2) 12:05 PM 52.7 51.7 46.2 40.3 37.7 44.3 38.6 27.5 22.0 46.3
Residences 12:06 PM 52.9 52.1 50.3 41.1 36.5 43.3 38.7 25.4 18.4 45.8
1,900 ft. N-NE to NE 12:07 PM 55.4 53.9 60.7 42.8 35.8 41.6 37.0 24.1 21.0 47.5
of Meter Station Average SPL 53.8 52.7 56.4 41.5 36.7 43.2 38.2 25.9 20.7 46.6
Pos. 3 (NSA #3) 12:22 PM 52.8 53.8 48.6 35.9 38.4 42.1 34.4 23.9 20.4 44.2
County Park 12:23 PM 53.3 53.3 46.2 36.5 39.4 42.3 33.6 24.5 24.3 44.3
1,950 ft. S-SW 12:25 PM 52.1 53.7 47.3 38.4 37.9 42.7 35.2 30.0 29.4 44.9
of Meter Station Average SPL 52.8 53.6 47.5 37.1 38.6 42.4 34.4 27.1 26.2 44.5
Table C: Existing Ramapo Meter Station (Ramapo, NY): Measured Ld and Unweighted
Octave-Band ("O.B.") SPLs at the NSAs as Measured on Dec. 16, 2015
Measurement Set Sound Pressure Level (SPL) in dB per Octave-Band Freq. (in Hz) A-Wt.
Meas. Pos. & NSA Time of Test 31.5 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 Level
Pos. 1 (NSA #1) 3:21 AM 42.1 35.5 28.0 25.2 27.9 28.2 23.0 14.8 13.8 31.3
Residences 3:22 AM 42.2 35.7 27.8 24.8 26.9 27.3 23.1 14.6 12.6 30.6
975 ft. E to SE 3:23 AM 42.3 35.4 28.0 27.3 28.4 27.5 23.4 14.6 12.6 31.2
of Meter Station Average SPL 42.2 35.5 27.9 25.9 27.8 27.7 23.2 14.7 13.0 31.1
Pos. 2 (NSA #2) 3:11 AM 42.2 36.3 28.1 26.7 28.7 27.5 23.0 14.4 12.2 31.2
Residences 3:12 AM 42.6 37.6 29.5 27.6 28.6 27.6 23.0 14.4 12.1 31.3
1,900 ft. N-NE to NE 3:13 AM 42.8 36.6 28.2 26.0 28.2 28.1 23.0 14.4 12.3 31.3
of Meter Station Average SPL 42.5 36.9 28.6 26.8 28.5 27.7 23.0 14.4 12.2 31.3
Pos. 3 (NSA #3) 3:02 AM 43.3 37.9 29.9 26.4 29.1 28.3 21.6 14.0 12.8 31.5
County Park 3:03 AM 43.3 39.3 30.5 24.6 28.1 24.4 19.3 14.6 13.1 29.3
1,950 ft. S-SW 3:04 AM 43.1 39.1 30.8 25.3 28.1 24.6 19.9 16.8 15.7 29.6
of Meter Station Average SPL 43.2 38.8 30.4 25.5 28.5 26.2 20.4 15.3 14.1 30.3
Table D: Existing Ramapo Meter Station (Ramapo, NY): Measured Ln and Unweighted
Octave-Band ("O.B.") SPLs at the NSAs as Measured on Dec. 16, 2015
B-2
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Ramapo MS Eastern System Upgrade RN 3355 / JN 4982
APPENDIX C Analysis Methodology for Station Noise (07/27/16)
Source No. SOURCE PWL & OTHER CONDITIONS/FACTORS PWL or SPL in dB Per Octave-Band Center Freq. (Hz) A-Wt.
& Dist (Ft) ASSOCIATED WITH THE ACOUSTICAL ANALYSIS 31.5 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 Level
1) PWL of "Low Noise" Natural Gas Heater (1 unit) 102 100 96 92 88 86 84 80 76 92
NR of Noise Control 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Misc. Atten. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
975 Hemispherical Radiation -57 -57 -57 -57 -57 -57 -57 -57 -57
Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 0 0 -1 -1 -3 -7 -13
Source Sound Level Contribution 44 42 38 34 30 27 24 15 5 33
2) PWL of ReRadiated Noise (Below Ground Regulators) 100 97 100 100 102 106 106 104 100 111
NR of Noise Control -20 -20 -20 -20 -20 -20 -20 -20 -20
Misc. Atten. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
975 Hemispherical Radiation -57 -57 -57 -57 -57 -57 -57 -57 -57
Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 0 0 -1 -1 -3 -7 -13
Source Sound Level Contribution 22 19 22 22 24 27 26 19 9 31
3) PWL of Other Aboveground Piping 71 66 71 71 73 77 77 75 71 82
NR of Noise Control 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Misc. Atten. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
975 Hemispherical Radiation -57 -57 -57 -57 -57 -57 -57 -57 -57
Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 0 0 -1 -1 -3 -7 -13
Source Sound Level Contribution 13 8 13 13 15 18 17 10 0 22
4) PWL of Meter Runs 80 83 90 90 83 80 80 80 80 88
NR of Noise Control 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Misc. Atten. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
975 Hemispherical Radiation -57 -57 -57 -57 -57 -57 -57 -57 -57
Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 0 0 -1 -1 -3 -7 -13 Calc'd
Source Sound Level Contribution 22 25 32 32 25 21 20 15 9 28 Ldn
Est'd Total Contribution 44 43 39 36 32 31 29 22 13 35.9 42.3
C-1
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Ramapo MS Eastern System Upgrade RN 3355 / JN 4982
APPENDIX C Analysis Methodology for Station Noise (07/27/16)
Source No. SOURCE PWL & OTHER CONDITIONS/FACTORS PWL or SPL in dB Per Octave-Band Center Freq. (Hz) A-Wt.
& Dist (Ft) ASSOCIATED WITH THE ACOUSTICAL ANALYSIS 31.5 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 Level
1) PWL of "Low Noise" Natural Gas Heater (1 unit) 102 100 96 92 88 86 84 80 76 92
NR of Noise Control 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Misc. Atten. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1900 Hemispherical Radiation -63 -63 -63 -63 -63 -63 -63 -63 -63
Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 0 -1 -1 -3 -6 -14 -26
Source Sound Level Contribution 39 37 32 28 23 20 15 2 0 26
2) PWL of ReRadiated Noise (Below Ground Regulators) 100 97 100 100 102 106 106 104 100 111
NR of Noise Control -20 -20 -20 -20 -20 -20 -20 -20 -20
Misc. Atten. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1900 Hemispherical Radiation -63 -63 -63 -63 -63 -63 -63 -63 -63
Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 0 -1 -1 -3 -6 -14 -26
Source Sound Level Contribution 17 14 16 16 17 20 17 6 0 23
3) PWL of Other Aboveground Piping 71 66 71 71 73 77 77 75 71 82
NR of Noise Control 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Misc. Atten. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1900 Hemispherical Radiation -63 -63 -63 -63 -63 -63 -63 -63 -63
Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 0 -1 -1 -3 -6 -14 -26
Source Sound Level Contribution 8 3 7 7 8 11 8 0 0 14
4) PWL of Meter Runs 80 83 90 90 83 80 80 80 80 88
NR of Noise Control 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Misc. Atten. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1900 Hemispherical Radiation -63 -63 -63 -63 -63 -63 -63 -63 -63
Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 0 -1 -1 -3 -6 -14 -26 Calc'd
Source Sound Level Contribution 17 20 26 26 18 14 11 2 0 21 Ldn
Est'd Total Contribution 39 37 33 30 25 24 20 9 6 28.7 35.1
C-2
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Ramapo MS Eastern System Upgrade RN 3355 / JN 4982
APPENDIX C Analysis Methodology for Station Noise (07/27/16)
Source No. SOURCE PWL & OTHER CONDITIONS/FACTORS PWL or SPL in dB Per Octave-Band Center Freq. (Hz) A-Wt.
& Dist (Ft) ASSOCIATED WITH THE ACOUSTICAL ANALYSIS 31.5 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 Level
1) PWL of "Low Noise" Natural Gas Heater (1 unit) 102 100 96 92 88 86 84 80 76 92
NR of Noise Control 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Misc. Atten. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1950 Hemispherical Radiation -64 -64 -64 -64 -64 -64 -64 -64 -64
Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 0 -1 -1 -3 -6 -15 -27
Source Sound Level Contribution 38 36 32 28 23 20 15 2 0 26
2) PWL of ReRadiated Noise (Below Ground Regulators) 100 97 100 100 102 106 106 104 100 111
NR of Noise Control -20 -20 -20 -20 -20 -20 -20 -20 -20
Misc. Atten. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1950 Hemispherical Radiation -64 -64 -64 -64 -64 -64 -64 -64 -64
Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 0 -1 -1 -3 -6 -15 -27
Source Sound Level Contribution 16 13 16 16 17 20 17 6 0 23
3) PWL of Other Aboveground Piping 71 66 71 71 73 77 77 75 71 82
NR of Noise Control 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Misc. Atten. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1950 Hemispherical Radiation -64 -64 -64 -64 -64 -64 -64 -64 -64
Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 0 -1 -1 -3 -6 -15 -27
Source Sound Level Contribution 7 2 7 7 8 11 8 0 0 14
4) PWL of Meter Runs 80 83 90 90 83 80 80 80 80 88
NR of Noise Control 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Misc. Atten. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1950 Hemispherical Radiation -64 -64 -64 -64 -64 -64 -64 -64 -64
Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 0 -1 -1 -3 -6 -15 -27 Calc'd
Source Sound Level Contribution 16 19 26 26 18 14 11 2 0 21 Ldn
Est'd Total Contribution 38 36 33 30 25 23 20 9 6 28.5 34.9
C-3
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Ramapo MS Eastern System Upgrade RN 3355 / JN 4982
APPENDIX C Analysis Methodology for Station Noise (07/27/16)
In general, the predicted sound level contributed by the proposed M&R equipment was
calculated as a function of frequency from estimated octave-band sound power levels (PWLs)
for each significant sound source associated with the proposed facilities. The following
summarizes the analysis procedure:
Initially, unweighted octave-band PWLs for each noise source (without noise control) were
determined from actual sound measurements performed by H&K on similar equipment
and/or obtained from the equipment manufacturer.
Then, expected noise reductions in dB per octave-band frequency due to any designated
noise control measures for each source were subtracted from the estimated PWL.
Next, octave-band SPLs for each source (with noise control) were determined by
compensating for sound attenuation due to propagation (hemispherical radiation) and
atmospheric sound absorption.
Shielding from buildings, terrain or foliage has been conservatively ignored.
Finally, the estimated octave-band SPLs for each source (with noise control and other
sound attenuation effects) were corrected for A-weighting, and the total SPLs of all sound
sources were logarithmically summed and corrected for A-weighting to provide the
estimated A-wt. sound level contributed at the specified distance(s) by the proposed
facilities.
C-4
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Ramapo MS Eastern System Upgrade RN 3355 / JN 4982
APPENDIX D Analysis Methodology for Construction Noise (07/27/16)
Equipment Est'd A-Wt. Resulting A-Wt. Assumed Max. Est'd Max. A-Wt.
Type of Power Rating Est'd Number Sound Level at PWL of Single No. Operating PWL or Sound
Equipment or Capacity Required 50 Ft.: Note (1) Piece of Equip. at One Time Level of Equip.
Note (1): Noise Emission Levels of construction equipment based on an EPA Report (meas'd sound data for a railroad
construction project) and measured sound data in the field by H&K or other published sound data.
Note (2): Noise attenuation due to hemispherical sound propagation: Sound propagates outwards in all directions
(i.e., length, width, height) from a point source, and the sound energy of a noise source decreases with
increasing distance from the source. In the case of hemispherical sound propagation, the source is located
on a flat continuous plane/surface (e.g., ground), and the sound radiates hemispherically from the source.
The following equation is the theoretical decrease of sound energy when determining the resulting SPL of
a noise source at a specific distance (r) of a receiver from a source sound power level (PWL):
Decrease in SPL (hemispherical propagation) from a noise source = 20*log(r) 2.3 dB, where r is
distance of the receiver from the noise source. For example, if the distance "r" is 975 feet between the
site and closest NSA, the hemispherical propagation = 20*log(975) 2.3 dB = 57 dB.
Note (3): Noise attenuation due to air absorption & foliage: Air absorbs sound energy, and the amount of absorption
("attenuation") is dependent on temperature and relative humidity (R.H.) of the air and the frequency of sound.
For standard day conditions (i.e., no wind, 60 deg. F. and 70% R.H.), the attenuation due to air absorption for
the medium frequency (i.e., 1000 Hz O.B. SPL) is approximately 1.5 dB per 1,000 feet. In addition, foliage
such as forest/trees between the Station site and nearby NSAs can have a sound attenuation effect depending
on the amount/thickness of the foliage.
Note (4): Calc'd Ldn equal to the est'd A-wt. sound level since construction activities will occur only during daytime.
D-1
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Ramapo MS Eastern System Upgrade RN 3355 / JN 4982
APPENDIX E Town of Rockland Noise Ordinance (07/27/16)
188-1. Title.
This chapter shall be cited and may be referred to hereinafter as the "Noise Pollution Control Law of
the Town of Ramapo."
It is the intention of the Town Board of the Town of Ramapo by the adoption of this chapter to
establish and impose restrictions upon the creation of excessive, unnecessary or unusually loud
noise within the limits of the Town of Ramapo in pursuance of and for the purpose of securing and
promoting the public health, comfort, convenience, safety, welfare, prosperity and the peace and
quiet of the Town of Ramapo and its inhabitants.
188-3. Definitions.
A.
All terminology defined herein which relates to the nature of sound and the mechanical detection and
recordation of sound is in conformance with the terminology of the American National Standards
Institute or its successor body.
B.
As used in this chapter, unless the context otherwise clearly indicates, the words and phrases used
in this chapter are defined as follows:
COMMERCIAL DISTRICT
An area where offices, clinics and the facilities needed to serve them are located; an
area with local shopping and service establishments; a tourist-oriented area where
hotels, motels and gasoline stations are located; a business strip along a main street
containing offices, retail businesses and commercial enterprises; and other commercial
enterprises and activities which do not involve the manufacturing, processing or
fabrication of any commodity. "Commercial district" shall include but shall not be limited
to any parcel of land zoned commercial under Chapter 376, Zoning, of this Code.
E-1
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Ramapo MS Eastern System Upgrade RN 3355 / JN 4982
APPENDIX E Town of Rockland Noise Ordinance (07/27/16)
COMMERCIAL PURPOSE
Includes the use, operation or maintenance of any sound-amplifying equipment for the
purpose of advertising any business, any goods or any services or for the purpose of
attracting the attention of the public to or advertising for or soliciting the patronage of
customers to or for any performance, show, entertainment, exhibition or event or for the
purpose of demonstrating any such sound equipment.
CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES
Any and all activity incidental to the erection, demolition, assembling, altering, installing
or equipping of buildings, structures, roads or appurtenances thereto, including land
clearing, grading, excavating and filling.
CONTINUOUS NOISE
A steady, fluctuating or impulsive noise which exists, essentially without interruption, for
a period of 10 minutes or more, with an accumulation of an hour or more over a period
of eight hours.
DECIBEL (DB)
A unit of level which denotes the ratio between two quantities which are proportional to
power. The number of decibels corresponding to the ratio of two amounts of power is
10 times the logarithm to the base 10 of this ratio.
DEVICE
Any mechanism which is intended to produce or which actually produces sound when
operated or handled.
EMERGENCY
Any occurrence or set of circumstances involving actual or imminent physical trauma or
property damage which demands immediate action.
EMERGENCY WORK
Any work performed for the purpose of preventing or alleviating the physical trauma or
property damage threatened or caused by an emergency.
FLUCTUATING NOISE
The sound pressure level of a fluctuating noise which varies more than six dB(A) during
the period of observation when measured with the slow meter characteristic of a sound-
level meter.
IMPULSIVE SOUND
A sound of short duration, usually less than one second, with an abrupt onset and rapid
decay. Examples of sources of impulsive sound include explosions, drop forge impacts
and the discharge of firearms.
INDUSTRIAL DISTRICT
An area in which enterprises and activities which involve the manufacturing, processing
or fabrication of any commodity are located. "Industrial district" shall include but shall
not be limited to any parcel of land zoned as an industrial district under Chapter 376,
Zoning, of this Code.
E-2
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Ramapo MS Eastern System Upgrade RN 3355 / JN 4982
APPENDIX E Town of Rockland Noise Ordinance (07/27/16)
MOTOR VEHICLE
Any vehicle, such as but not limited to a passenger vehicle, truck, truck-trailer, trailer or
semitrailer, propelled or drawn by mechanical power, and shall include motorcycles,
snowmobiles, minibikes, go-carts and any other vehicle which is self-propelled.
NOISE
Any sound which annoys or disturbs humans or which causes or tends to cause an
adverse psychological or physiological effect on humans.
NOISE DISTURBANCE
Any sound which endangers or injures the safety or health of humans or animals or
annoys or disturbs a reasonable person of normal sensitivities or endangers or injures
personal or real property.
NONCOMMERCIAL PURPOSE
The use, operation or maintenance of any sound equipment for other than a
commercial purpose. "Noncommercial purpose" shall mean and include but shall not be
limited to philanthropic, political, patriotic and charitable purposes.
PERSON
Any individual, association, partnership or corporation, including any officer, employee,
department, agency or instrumentality of the state or any political subdivision of a state.
RESIDENTIAL DISTRICT
An area of single- or multiple-family dwellings and shall include areas where multiple-
unit dwellings, high-rise apartments and high-density residential districts are located.
"Residential district" shall also include but is not limited to hospitals, nursing homes,
homes for the aged, schools, courts and similar institutional facilities.
SOUND
An oscillation in pressure, particle displacement, particle velocity or other physical
parameter in a medium with internal forces that causes compression and rarefaction of
that medium. The description of "sound" may include any characteristics of such sound,
including duration, intensity and frequency.
SOUND-LEVEL METER
An instrument, including a microphone, an amplifier, an output meter and frequency
weighting networks for the measure of sound levels.
E-3
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Ramapo MS Eastern System Upgrade RN 3355 / JN 4982
APPENDIX E Town of Rockland Noise Ordinance (07/27/16)
UNREASONABLE NOISE
Any excessive or unusually loud sound or any sound which either annoys, disturbs,
injures or endangers the comfort, repose, health, peace or safety of a reasonable
person of normal sensitivities or which causes injury to animal life or damage to
property or business. Standards to be considered in determining whether an
"unreasonable noise" exists in a given situation include but are not limited to the
following:
(1) The volume of the noise.
(2) The intensity of the noise.
(3) Whether the nature of the noise is usual or unusual.
(7) The nature and the zoning district of the areas within which the noise emanates.
No person shall make, continue or cause or suffer to be made or continued any unreasonable noise
as defined in 188-3B hereof. In particular, without limitation of the foregoing provision of this
section, the following enumerated acts are declared to be in violation of this section:
A.
Animals. No person shall keep, permit or maintain any animal under his control which frequently or
for continued duration makes sounds which create an unreasonable noise across a residential real
property boundary. This provision shall not apply to veterinarian facilities.
B.
Commercial, business and industrial operation. No person shall operate or permit to be operated on
a sound source site a commercial business or industrial operation that produces an unreasonable
sound level.
E-4
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Ramapo MS Eastern System Upgrade RN 3355 / JN 4982
APPENDIX E Town of Rockland Noise Ordinance (07/27/16)
C.
Construction.
(1)
No person shall operate or permit to be operated any tools, machinery or equipment used in
construction, drilling or demolition work:
(a)
Between the hours of 10:00 p.m. and 8:00 a.m. the following day or any time on legal holidays, such
that the sound therefrom creates an unreasonable noise across a residential real property boundary.
[Amended 2-6-2012 by L.L. No. 2-2012; 3-21-2013 by L.L. No. 1-2013]
(b)
At any other time such that the sound level at or across a real property boundary exceeds an L10 of
60 for the daily period of operation.
(2)
The provisions of this subsection shall not apply to emergency work.
D.
Domestic power tools. No person shall operate or permit the operation of any mechanically powered
saw, sander, drill, grinder, lawn or garden tool, snowblower or similar device used outdoors in
residential areas between the hours of 10:00 p.m. and 8:00 a.m. of the following day, so as to cause
an unreasonable noise across a residential real property boundary.
E.
Explosives, firearms and similar devices. No person shall use or fire explosives, firearms or similar
devices which create impulsive sounds so as to cause an unreasonable noise across a real property
boundary.
F.
Horns and signaling devices. No person shall cause or permit to be caused the sounding of any horn
or other auditory signaling device on or in any motor vehicle except to serve as a danger warning.
G.
Motor vehicle repairs and testing. No person shall repair, rebuild, modify or test any motor vehicle in
such a manner as to cause an unreasonable noise across a residential real property boundary or
within a noise sensitive zone.
H.
Mufflers. No person shall discharge into the open air the exhaust of any steam engine, stationary
internal-combustion engine, air-compressor equipment, motor vehicle or other power device which is
not equipped with an adequate muffler in constant operation and properly maintained to prevent any
unreasonable noise or noise disturbance, and no such muffler or exhaust system shall be modified
or used with a cutoff, bypass or similar device which causes said engines, vehicles or other power
devices to create an unreasonable noise.
I.
Noise sensitive zones. No person shall cause or permit the creation of any sound by means of any
device or otherwise on any sidewalk, street or public place adjacent to any hospital, nursing home,
school, court, house of worship or public library while such facility is in use at any time, so that such
sound disrupts the normal activities conducted at such facilities or disturbs or annoys persons
making use of such facilities.
E-5
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Ramapo MS Eastern System Upgrade RN 3355 / JN 4982
APPENDIX E Town of Rockland Noise Ordinance (07/27/16)
J.
Sound reproduction devices.
(1)
No person shall operate or cause to be operated a sound reproduction device that produces an
unreasonable noise or noise disturbance across a real property boundary between the hours of
11:00 p.m. and 8:00 a.m. the following day or within a noise sensitive zone.
(2)
No person shall operate or use or cause to be operated or used any sound reproduction device in
any public place in such a manner that the sound emanating therefrom creates an unreasonable
noise across a real property boundary.
(3)
This section shall not apply to any person participating in a school band or in a parade or sounds
emanating from sporting, entertainment or other public events where such devices are used.
K.
Trucks. No person shall load any garbage or trash on a compactor truck, or any other truck, whereby
the loading, unloading or handling of boxes, crates, equipment or other objects is conducted within a
residential district nor within 300 feet of any hotel or motel between the hours of 11:00 p.m. and 6:00
a.m. the following day.
[Amended 11-28-1984 by L.L. No. 15-1984]
188-5. Exceptions.
188-6. Variances.
A.
The Town Board of the Town of Ramapo shall have the authority, consistent with this section, to
grant variances to this chapter.
B.
Any person seeking a variance pursuant to this section shall file an application with the Town Board.
The application shall consist of a letter signed by the applicant and containing a legal form of
verification. Such letter shall contain information which demonstrates that bringing the source of
sound or activity for which the variance is sought into compliance with this chapter would constitute
an unreasonable hardship on the applicant, on the community or on other persons. In addition, the
following information shall be provided:
(1)
The plan, specifications and other information pertinent to such sources.
(2)
The characteristics of the sound emitted by the source, including but not limited to the sound levels,
the presence of impulsive sounds and the hours during which such sound is generated.
E-6
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Ramapo MS Eastern System Upgrade RN 3355 / JN 4982
APPENDIX E Town of Rockland Noise Ordinance (07/27/16)
(3)
The noise abatement and control methods used to restrict the emission of sound.
C.
The Town Board, upon receipt of such application and upon payment of any fee which shall be
required by resolution of the Town Board, shall set the matter down for a public hearing to be held
within 30 days from the date the application is submitted. The Town Board shall cause publication of
such public hearing to be given in the official newspaper of the Town. The applicant shall give notice
of the application by certified mail to all property owners surrounding the sound source site within a
radius of 200 feet from the borders of said site.
D.
In determining whether to grant or deny the application, the Town Board shall balance the hardship
to the applicant, the community and other persons of not granting the variance against the adverse
impact on the health, safety and welfare of persons affected, the adverse impact on the property
affected and other adverse impacts of granting the special variance.
E.
The Town Board shall cause the taking of sound level readings by an agency to be designated by
the Town Board in the event that there shall be any dispute as to the sound levels prevailing or to
prevail at the sound source site.
F.
The Town Board shall have the power to impose restrictions, conditions and the recording of
covenants upon any sound source site, including time limits on permitted activity, in the event that it
shall grant any variance hereunder.
188-7. Enforcement.
The enforcement of these rules and regulations will be by properly identified Police Department
personnel, other duly authorized personnel or by any other special personnel as may be from time to
time authorized by the Town Board.
Any person, firm or corporation violating any provision of this chapter shall be guilty of a Class 2
violation, as defined in Chapter 1, 1-15 et seq., of the Revised Code of the Town of Ramapo and
shall be fined according to the provisions thereunder. A separate offense shall be deemed
committed on each day during or on which a violation occurs or continues.
E-7
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Ramapo MS Eastern System Upgrade RN 3355 / JN 4982
APPENDIX F - Acoustical Terminology (07/27/16)
(1) Decibel (dB): A unit for expressing the relative power level difference between acoustical
or electrical signals. It is ten times the common logarithm of the ratio of two related
quantities that are proportional to power. When adding dB or dBA values, the values
must be added logarithmically. For example, the logarithmic addition of 35 dB plus 35
dB is 38 dB.
(3) A-Weighted Sound Level (dBA): The A-wt. sound level is a single-figure sound rating,
expressed in decibels, which correlates to the human perception of the loudness of
sound. The dBA level is commonly used to measure industrial and environmental noise
since it is easy to measure and provides a reasonable indication of the human
annoyance value of the noise. The dBA measurement is not a good descriptor of a
noise consisting of strong low-frequency components or for a noise with tonal
components.
(4) Background or Ambient Noise: The total noise produced by all other sources associated
with a given environment in the vicinity of a specific sound source of interest, and
includes any Residual Noise.
(5) Sound Pressure Level (Lp or SPL): Ten times the common logarithm to the base 10 of
the ratio of the mean square sound pressure to the square of a reference pressure.
Therefore, the sound pressure level is equal to 20 times the common logarithm of the
ratio of the sound pressure to a reference pressure (20 micropascals or 0.0002
microbar).
(6) Octave Band Sound Pressure Level (SPL): Sound is typically measured in frequency
ranges (e.g., high-pitched sound, low-pitched sound, etc.) that provides more meaningful
sound data regarding the sound character of the noise. When measuring two noise
sources for comparison, it is better to measure the spectrum of each noise, such as in
octave band SPL frequency ranges. Then, the relative loudness of two sounds can be
compared frequency range by frequency range. As an illustration, two noise sources
can have the same dBA rating and yet sound completely different. For example, a high-
F-1
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Ramapo MS Eastern System Upgrade RN 3355 / JN 4982
APPENDIX F - Acoustical Terminology (07/27/16)
pitched sound concentrated at a frequency of 2000 Hz could have the same dBA rating
as a much louder low-frequency sound concentrated at 50 Hz.
(7) Daytime Sound Level (Ld) & Nighttime Sound Level (Ln): Ld is the equivalent A-weighted
sound level, in decibels, for a 15 hour time period, between 07:00 to 22:00 Hours (7:00
a.m. to 10:00 p.m.). Ln is the equivalent A-weighted sound level, in decibels, for a 9 hour
time period, between 22:00 to 07:00 Hours (10:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m.).
(8) Equivalent Sound Level (Leq): The equivalent sound level (Leq) can be considered an
average sound level measured during a period of time, including any fluctuating sound
levels during that period. In this report, the Leq is equal to the level of a steady (in time)
A-weighted sound level that would be equivalent to the sampled A-weighted sound level
on an energy basis for a specified measurement interval. The concept of the measuring
Leq has been used broadly to relate individual and community reaction to aircraft and
other environmental noises.
(9) Day-Night Sound Level (Ldn): The Ldn is an energy average of the measured daytime Leq
(Ld) and the measured nighttime Leq (Ln) plus 10 dB. The 10-dB adjustment to the Ln is
intended to compensate for nighttime sensitivity. As such, the Ldn is not a true measure
of the sound level but represents a skewed average that correlates generally with past
sound surveys which attempted to relate environmental sound levels with physiological
reaction and physiological effects. For a steady sound source that operates
continuously over a 24-hour period and controls the environmental sound level, an Ldn is
approx. 6.4 dB above the measured Leq.
(10) Sound Level Meter (SLM): An instrument used to measure sound pressure level, sound
level, octave-band SPL, or peak sound pressure level, separately or in any combinations
thereof. The measured weighted SPL (i.e., A-Wt. Sound Level or dBA) is obtained by
the use of a SLM having a standard frequency-filter for attenuating part of the sound
spectrum.
F-2
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Ramapo MS Eastern System Upgrade RN 3355 / JN 4982
APPENDIX F - Acoustical Terminology (07/27/16)
-- 130 --
Large Siren at 100 Ft.
Threshold
-- 10 -- of Hearing
Hoover & Keith Inc. (Consultants in Acoustics)
11391 Meadowglen, Suite D
Houston, Texas 77082 -- 0 --
-end of report-
F-3
APPENDIX 9I
Resource Report 9 Air and Noise Quality 9I-i Eastern System Upgrade
HUGUENOT M&R STATION
REPORT SUMMARY
In this report, Hoover and Keith, Inc. (H&K) present the results of a July 6-7, 2016 ambient
sound survey and subsequent noise impact analysis associated with the proposed regulation
equipment at the existing Huguenot M&R Station (Station), which is owned by Millennium
Pipeline Company, L.L.C. (Millennium). The purpose of the ambient sound survey and
acoustical analysis is to:
Locate the existing noise-sensitive areas (NSAs) surrounding the Station and document
the existing Station sound levels or ambient sound levels.
Project the sound level contribution that would result from operating the proposed
regulation equipment.
Determine noise control measures and noise specifications for the Station regulation
equipment to insure that the facility meets applicable sound level criteria.
The following table summarizes the measured sound levels and noise quality analysis for the
proposed regulation equipment at the existing Huguenot M&R Station, at the closest NSAs:
NSAs Distance to Meas'd Meas'd Calc'd Est'd Leq Est'd Ldn Total Ldn Potential
Proposed Ambient Ambient Ambient of of (Ambient + Increase
Regulation Ld Ln Ldn (1) Proposed Proposed Proposed Above
Equipment Regulation Regulation Regulation Ambient
Equipment Equipment Equipment)
(2)
The results of our measurements, observations and analysis indicate that the proposed
regulation equipment sound level contribution at the nearby NSAs will be less than an Ldn of 55
dBA. Therefore, assuming the recommended noise control measures are followed and
successfully implemented, it is our opinion that the sound level attributable to the modified
Huguenot M&R Station, should not exceed the FERC criterion of 55 dBA Ldn at the nearby
NSAs and there should be no perceptible increase in vibration.
-i-
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Huguenot RS Eastern System Upgrade RN 3479 / JN 4982
Ambient Sound Survey and Noise Impact Analysis (07/27/16)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
REPORT SUMMARY. ....................................................................................................i
1.0 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 1
2.0 SOUND CRITERIA....................................................................................................... 1
3.0 DESCRIPTION OF SITE AND STATION ..................................................................... 2
3.1 Description of the Site. ...................................................................................... 2
3.2 Description of the Station Equipment ................................................................ 2
4.0 MEASUREMENT METHODOLOGY. ........................................................................... 2
4.1 Sound Measurement Locations......................................................................... 2
4.2 Data Acquisition and Sound Measurement Equipment...................................... 3
5.0 MEASUREMENT RESULTS ........................................................................................ 3
5.1 Measured Sound Level Data ............................................................................. 3
5.2 Observations during the Site Sound Tests ........................................................ 4
6.0 NOISE IMPACT EVALUATION.................................................................................... 4
6.1 Significant Sound Sources. ............................................................................... 4
6.2 Estimated Sound Contribution........................................................................... 5
6.3 Noise Quality Analysis. ..................................................................................... 5
6.4 Construction Noise Impact. ............................................................................... 5
7.0 NOISE CONTROL RECOMMENDATIONS. ................................................................. 6
7.1 Control Valves. ................................................................................................. 6
7.2 Water Bath Heater (Gas Heater). ...................................................................... 6
7.3 Aboveground Gas Piping. ................................................................................. 7
FIGURES AND TABLES
Figure 1: Existing Huguenot M&R Station and Surrounding Area.................................. A-1
Figure 2: Existing Huguenot M&R Station and Immediate Area. ................................... A-2
Figure 3: Huguenot M&R Station Plot Plan. .................................................................. A-3
Table A: Measured and Averaged Daytime & Nighttime Leq and Calculated Ldn. .......... B-1
Table B: Meteorological Conditions during the Sound Testing ..................................... B-1
Table C: Measured and Averaged Octave-Band Daytime SPLs during Testing............ B-2
Table D: Measured and Averaged Octave-Band Nighttime SPLs during Testing.......... B-2
Tables E-G: Est'd Sound Contribution at NSA #1 - #3. ........................................... C-1 to C-2
Table H: Est'd Construction Noise at Closest NSA. ......................................................D-1
APPENDIX E: Town of Deerpark Noise Ordinance. .............................................................. E-1
APPENDIX F: Acoustical Terminology. ................................................................................. F-1
-ii-
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Huguenot RS Eastern System Upgrade RN 3479 / JN 4982
Ambient Sound Survey and Noise Impact Analysis (07/27/16)
1.0 INTRODUCTION
In this report, Hoover and Keith, Inc. (H&K) present the results of a July 6-7, 2016
ambient sound survey and subsequent noise impact analysis associated with the
proposed regulation equipment at the existing Huguenot M&R Station (Station), which
is owned by Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. (Millennium). The purpose of the
ambient sound survey and acoustical analysis is to:
Locate the existing noise-sensitive areas (NSAs) surrounding the Station and
document the existing Station sound levels or ambient sound levels.
Project the sound level contribution that would result from operating the proposed
regulation equipment.
Determine noise control measures and noise specifications for the Station
regulation equipment to insure that the facility meets applicable sound level
criteria.
Typically, certificate conditions set forth by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
(FERC) require that the sound level attributable to a new compressor station (or M&R
Station) not exceed an equivalent day-night sound level (Ldn) of 55 dBA at any nearby
NSA, such as residences, hospitals or schools. The Ldn is an energy average of the
daytime Leq (i.e., Ld) and nighttime Leq (i.e., Ln) plus 10 dB. For an essentially steady
sound source (e.g., regulation station) that operates continuously over a 24-hour period
and controls the environmental sound level, the Ldn is approximately 6.4 dB above the
measured Leq. Consequently, an Ldn of 55 dBA corresponds to a Leq of 48.6 dBA.
There are no applicable State of New York 1 noise regulations for the Station. We are
unaware of any applicable Orange County noise regulations. The Town of Deerpark has
a noise ordinance. The relevant text from Section 230-19 is provided in Appendix E (p.
E-1).
For reference, a summary of acoustical terminology and typical metrics used to measure
and regulate environmental noise is provided at the end of this report in Appendix F (pp.
F-1 to F-3).
1 The NYSDEC has a Policy Document (i.e., Program Policy DEP-00-1; Revised Feb. 2, 2001,
Assessing and Mitigating Noise Impacts) to provide guidance and clarify program issues for NYSDEC
staff to ensure compliance with statutory and regulatory requirements for facility operations regulated
under New York State Environmental Quality Reviews or SEQR.
-1-
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Huguenot RS Eastern System Upgrade RN 3479 / JN 4982
Ambient Sound Survey and Noise Impact Analysis (07/27/16)
Figure 1 (p. A-1) depicts the existing Station and surrounding area. Figure 2 (p. A-2)
depicts the existing Station and immediate area. The Station is located in the Town of
Deerpark in Orange County, NY. The surrounding area consists of scattered residences
and wooded areas. The closest NSAs are residences 250 ft. E to NE of the proposed
regulation equipment. Additional NSAs are located 475 ft. NE to NW and 700 ft. NW to
W-NW of the proposed regulation equipment.
Figure 3 (p. A-3) depicts the proposed Station Plot Plan. The Station consists of the
following and proposed equipment:
Existing Equipment
Water bath heater (1 MMBTU/Hr.)
(2) 2 low noise globe style control valves
The operating conditions for the proposed regulation equipment are as follows:
Three (3) locations were chosen to measure the sound levels near the closest NSAs
located around the Station and the measurement locations are depicted on Figure 2 (p.
A-2). The following is a description of the NSAs and the selected sound measurement
position:
-2-
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Huguenot RS Eastern System Upgrade RN 3479 / JN 4982
Ambient Sound Survey and Noise Impact Analysis (07/27/16)
Pos. 1: Near NSA #1: Houses approximately 250 ft. S to NE of the proposed regulation
equipment.
Pos. 2: Near NSA #2: Houses approximately 475 ft. NE to NW of the proposed
regulation equipment.
Pos. 3: Near NSA #3: Houses approximately 700 ft. NW to W-NW of the proposed
regulation equipment.
Ambient sound measurements were performed by Larry Lengyel, of H&K during the
daytime and nighttime periods on July 6-7, 2016. At the reported sound measurement
locations, the A-wt. equivalent sound levels (Leq) and unweighted octave-band sound
pressure levels (SPLs) were performed at approximately 5 ft. above ground. Typically, 3
representative samples of the ambient noise were performed at each sound
measurement position. The acoustical measurement system consisted of a Rion Model
NA-27 Sound Level Meter (a Type 1 SLM per ANSI S1.4 & S1.11) equipped with a 1/2-
inch microphone with a windscreen, and SLM was calibrated within 1 year of the sound
test date.
Table A (p. C-1) shows the measured daytime Leq (i.e., Ld) and the measured nighttime
Leq (i.e., Ln) along with the logarithmic average of the measured Ld and Ln since more
than one (1) sample of the sound level was measured. In addition, Table A includes a
calculated day-night average sound level (i.e., Ldn), as calculated from the measured Ld
and Ln and observations during the measurements. Meteorological conditions during the
tests are summarized in Table B (p. C-1). The measured daytime and nighttime
unweighted octave-band SPLs at the reported sound measurement positions and the
average of the octave-band SPLs are provided in Table C (p. C-2) and Table D (p. C-2),
respectively.
The following Table 1 summarizes the measured daytime (Ld) and measured nighttime
(Ln) at the NSAs along with the calculated Ldn (as calculated from the measured Ld and
measured Ln).
-3-
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Huguenot RS Eastern System Upgrade RN 3479 / JN 4982
Ambient Sound Survey and Noise Impact Analysis (07/27/16)
At NSA #1: Primary Daytime noise: Distant traffic, birds, wind, insects, and the existing
meter station was faintly audible. Primary Nighttime noise: Distant traffic and a distant
airplane. The existing meter station was not audible.
At NSA #2: Primary Daytime noise: Distant traffic, birds, wind and insects. The existing
Meter Station was not audible. Primary Nighttime noise: Distant traffic and a distant
HVAC unit. The existing meter station was not audible.
At NSA #3: Primary Daytime noise: Distant traffic, birds, wind, and insects. The existing
Meter Station was not audible. Primary Nighttime noise: Distant traffic and a distant
HVAC unit. The existing meter station was not audible.
The noise impact evaluation considers the noise produced by all significant sound
sources associated with the proposed facilities that could impact the sound contribution
at the nearby NSAs. A description of the analysis methodology and source of sound
data is provided in Appendix C (p. C-3). The following sound sources are considered
significant:
-4-
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Huguenot RS Eastern System Upgrade RN 3479 / JN 4982
Ambient Sound Survey and Noise Impact Analysis (07/27/16)
Tables E-G (pp. C-1 to C-2) show the calculation (i.e., spreadsheet analysis) of the
estimated octave-band SPLs and the A-wt. sound level at NSA #1 thru NSA #3
contributed by the significant noise sources associated with the proposed facilities for
standard day propagating conditions (i.e., no wind, 60 deg. F., 70% R.H.) and any
shielding from buildings, terrain or foliage has been conservatively ignored.
Table 2 below summarizes the Noise Quality Analysis for the closest NSAs for the
modified Station:
NSAs Distance to Meas'd Meas'd Calc'd Est'd Leq Est'd Ldn Total Ldn Potential
Proposed Ambient Ambient Ambient of of (Ambient + Increase
Regulation Ld Ln Ldn (1) Proposed Proposed Proposed Above
Equipment Regulation Regulation Regulation Ambient
Equipment Equipment Equipment)
(2)
The existing Meter Station was only faintly audible at NSA #1 during the July 6-7, 2016
ambient sound survey. As indicated above, the sound contribution of the proposed
regulation equipment is estimated to be less than the 55 dBA Ldn FERC Criteria at the
nearby NSAs.
Table H (p. D-1) shows the calculation (i.e., spreadsheet analysis) of the estimated
construction noise during construction activities associated with the proposed regulation
equipment. The acoustical analysis of the construction related activities considers the
noise produced by any significant sound sources associated with the primary
construction equipment that could impact the sound contribution at the nearby NSAs.
-5-
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Huguenot RS Eastern System Upgrade RN 3479 / JN 4982
Ambient Sound Survey and Noise Impact Analysis (07/27/16)
The predicted sound contribution of construction activities was performed only for the
closest NSA (i.e., NSA #1).
Construction of the proposed regulation equipment will consist of earth work (e.g., site
grading, clearing & grubbing) and construction of the site foundations and equipment,
and it is assumed that the highest level of construction noise would occur during site
earth work (i.e., time frame when the largest amount of construction equipment would
operate). The analysis indicates that the maximum A-wt. noise level of construction
activities at the closest NSA would be equal to or less than 69 dBA (i.e., Ldn of
approximately 69 dBA, since construction would only occur during daytime hours.
The following section provides recommended noise control measures and equipment
noise specifications along with other assumptions that may affect the noise generated by
the facility.
Millennium intends to place all flow control and pressure control valves, and the majority
of associated piping below grade, to mitigate noise.
It is recommended that the water bath heater meet an A-Wt. sound level of 55 dBA at 50
feet from the heater perimeter at the rated maximum operating conditions (includes any
noise radiated from the heater stack opening). A "low noise" box-type burner assembly
shall be utilized. In addition, the near field sound level of the water bath combustion
intake and exhaust noise shall not exceed the following sound level requirements:
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Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Huguenot RS Eastern System Upgrade RN 3479 / JN 4982
Ambient Sound Survey and Noise Impact Analysis (07/27/16)
3'
Exhaust Stack
3' and 90 degrees
(in any direction)
3'
3'
or Burner Tubes
(in any direction)
- Elevation - - Plan -
3'
The acoustical analysis indicates that acoustical pipe lagging is not required, because
the majority of new gas piping will be buried. In the event any small piping segments
becomes problematic, the aboveground piping can be acoustically lagged with a
minimum 3" thick fiberglass or mineral wool (e.g., 8.0 pcf uniform density) that is covered
with a mass-filled vinyl jacket (e.g., composite of 1.0 psf mass-filled vinyl laminated to
0.020" thick aluminum) if necessary.
Aboveground valves can be covered with removable and/or reusable acoustic material
and/or blankets, if necessary. The blanket material typically consists of a core of 2-inch
thick needled fiber mat (6.0-8.0 pcf density) and a liner material of mass-loaded vinyl
(1.0-1.25 psf surface weight) that is covered with a coated fiberglass cloth. The inner
layer of insulation should be covered with a stainless steel mesh instead of coated
fiberglass cloth.
-7-
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Huguenot RS Eastern System Upgrade RN 3479 / JN 4982
APPENDIX A Vicinity Map and Station Plot Plan (07/27/16)
SHWY 209
CORA
ROSE LN
EXISTING
HUGUENOT
M&R STATION
NEVERSINK
RIVER
NEVERSINK DR
(SR 80)
LEGEND
APPROXIMATE SCALE IN FEET
- NONRESIDENTIAL BUILDING
0 450 900 1800 - HOUSE OR MOBILE HOME
- TREES OR HEAVY FOLIAGE
A-1
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Huguenot RS Eastern System Upgrade RN 3479 / JN 4982
APPENDIX A Vicinity Map and Station Plot Plan (07/27/16)
CORA
ROSE LN
SHWY
NSA#3 209
NSA#2
POS.2 NSA#2
NSA#3 NSA#2
POS.3
475'
NSA#3
700 NSA#1
'
PROPOSED
FACILITIES
HUGUENOT NSA#1
250'
M&R STATION
POS.1
NSA#1
N
LEGEND
- MEASUREMENT POSITION
NSA - NOISE SENSITIVE AREA
APPROXIMATE SCALE IN FEET
- NONRESIDENTIAL BUILDING
0 100 200 400 - HOUSE OR MOBILE HOME
- TREES OR HEAVY FOLIAGE
A-2
Figure 3: Huguenot Meter Station
Plot Plan
Provided under Separate Cover in
Volume IV-B CRITICAL ENERGY
INFRASTRUCTURE INFORMATION DO
NOT RELEASE
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Huguenot RS Eastern System Upgrade RN 3479 / JN 4982
APPENDIX B Measurement Data (07/27/16)
Table A: Existing Huguenot M&R Station (Deerpark, NY): Summary of Day/Night Sound
Levels at the NSAs as Meas'd on July 6-7, 2016, along with Resulting Ldn
Note (1): Ldn calculated by adding 6.4 dB to the measured Ld. If both the Ld and Ln are measured and/or
estimated, the Ldn is calculated using the following formula:
15 9
Ldn = 10 log10 10 Ld /10 + 10( Ln +10 )/10
24 24
Table B: Existing Huguenot M&R Station (Deerpark, NY): Summary of the Meteorological
Conditions during the Sound Survey on July 6-7, 2016
B-1
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Huguenot RS Eastern System Upgrade RN 3479 / JN 4982
APPENDIX B Measurement Data (07/27/16)
Measurement Set Sound Pressure Level (SPL) in dB per Octave-Band Freq. (in Hz) A-Wt.
Meas. Pos. & NSA Time of Test 31.5 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 Level
Pos. 1 (NSA #1) 9:51 AM 52.8 54.4 51.7 46.8 41.9 46.9 43.9 35.4 27.4 50.1
Residences 9:54 AM 52.0 52.3 55.5 45.8 43.8 48.1 46.3 36.3 27.2 51.8
250 ft. S to NE of 9:55 AM 51.0 55.9 53.9 42.7 37.5 43.9 40.9 30.6 25.8 47.3
Proposed Facilities Average SPL 52.0 54.4 54.0 45.4 41.8 46.6 44.2 34.7 26.9 50.1
Pos. 2 (NSA #2) 9:44 AM 56.7 55.4 54.1 40.8 38.1 41.1 35.9 31.9 29.8 45.1
Residences 9:45 AM 56.4 54.7 50.0 40.0 41.0 41.8 36.3 32.4 34.5 45.5
475 ft. NE to NW of 9:46 AM 56.0 53.5 46.0 38.1 38.2 37.2 31.4 33.0 30.6 42.1
Proposed Facilities Average SPL 56.4 54.6 51.2 39.8 39.3 40.4 35.0 32.5 32.1 44.5
Pos. 3 (NSA #3) 9:37 AM 49.9 50.0 44.7 38.6 32.6 32.2 30.6 31.2 31.9 39.5
Residences 9:38 AM 51.3 50.9 47.3 41.5 35.2 33.3 28.1 30.9 35.5 40.9
700 ft. NW to W-NW 9:39 AM 49.9 49.2 43.1 35.6 33.3 32.4 32.4 31.7 28.7 39.4
of Proposed Facilities Average SPL 50.4 50.1 45.4 39.2 33.8 32.7 30.7 31.3 32.9 40.0
Table C: Existing Huguenot M&R Station (Deerpark, NY): Measured Ld and Unweighted
Octave-Band ("O.B.") SPLs at the NSAs as Measured on July 7, 2016
Measurement Set Sound Pressure Level (SPL) in dB per Octave-Band Freq. (in Hz) A-Wt.
Meas. Pos. & NSA Time of Test 31.5 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 Level
Pos. 1 (NSA #1) 10:33 PM 43.4 43.0 39.5 36.3 33.5 35.9 29.3 22.9 23.1 38.6
Residences 10:35 PM 41.9 39.8 38.7 35.9 31.0 25.9 21.3 22.3 22.4 33.5
250 ft. S to NE of 10:37 PM 42.8 41.1 39.7 36.7 34.0 30.9 26.1 22.8 23.1 36.3
Proposed Facilities Average SPL 42.7 41.5 39.3 36.3 33.0 32.6 26.7 22.7 22.9 36.6
Pos. 2 (NSA #2) 10:26 PM 49.0 50.6 40.6 34.2 37.3 33.3 27.8 33.0 23.9 39.6
Residences 10:27 PM 48.8 51.1 41.1 34.2 36.5 33.3 27.4 34.1 22.1 39.7
475 ft. NE to NW of 10:28 PM 50.4 51.8 43.6 35.8 38.1 36.0 28.3 34.6 21.2 41.2
Proposed Facilities Average SPL 49.5 51.2 42.0 34.8 37.3 34.4 27.8 34.0 22.5 40.3
Pos. 3 (NSA #3) 10:20 PM 46.7 47.1 44.3 37.9 35.2 32.4 27.3 28.7 22.0 38.3
Residences 10:22 PM 48.6 46.3 42.4 36.6 36.0 32.7 28.1 28.5 21.1 38.3
700 ft. NW to W-NW 10:23 PM 45.2 44.9 40.0 35.3 34.5 31.0 26.6 28.6 21.1 37.0
of Proposed Facilities Average SPL 47.1 46.2 42.6 36.7 35.3 32.1 27.4 28.6 21.4 37.9
Table D: Existing Huguenot M&R Station (Deerpark, NY): Measured Ln and Unweighted
Octave-Band ("O.B.") SPLs at the NSAs as Measured on July 6, 2016
B-2
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Huguenot RS Eastern System Upgrade RN 3479 / JN 4982
APPENDIX C Analysis Methodology for Station Noise (07/27/16)
Source No. SOURCE PWL & OTHER CONDITIONS/FACTORS PWL or SPL in dB Per Octave-Band Center Freq. (Hz) A-Wt.
& Dist (Ft) ASSOCIATED WITH THE ACOUSTICAL ANALYSIS 31.5 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 Level
1) PWL of "Low Noise" Natural Gas Heater (1 unit) 102 100 96 92 88 86 84 80 76 92
NR of Noise Control 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ground Level Shielding -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -5 -5 -5 -5
250 Hemispherical Radiation -46 -46 -46 -46 -46 -46 -46 -46 -46
Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 -2 -3
Source Sound Level Contribution 55 52 47 42 37 35 33 27 22 41
2) PWL of ReRadiated Noise (Below Ground Regulators) 90 87 90 90 92 96 96 94 90 101
NR of Noise Control -20 -20 -20 -20 -20 -20 -20 -20 -20
Misc. Atten. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
250 Hemispherical Radiation -46 -46 -46 -46 -46 -46 -46 -46 -46
Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 -2 -3
Source Sound Level Contribution 24 21 24 24 26 30 30 26 21 35
3) PWL of Other Aboveground Piping 71 66 71 71 73 77 77 75 71 82
NR of Noise Control 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Misc. Atten. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
250 Hemispherical Radiation -46 -46 -46 -46 -46 -46 -46 -46 -46
Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 -2 -3 Calc'd
Source Sound Level Contribution 25 20 25 25 27 31 31 27 22 36 Ldn
Est'd Total Contribution of Proposed Facilities 55 52 47 42 38 37 36 32 26 42.9 49.3
Table E: Huguenot M&R Station - Est'd Sound Contribution of Proposed Facilities at NSA #1
Source No. SOURCE PWL & OTHER CONDITIONS/FACTORS PWL or SPL in dB Per Octave-Band Center Freq. (Hz) A-Wt.
& Dist (Ft) ASSOCIATED WITH THE ACOUSTICAL ANALYSIS 31.5 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 Level
1) PWL of "Low Noise" Natural Gas Heater (1 unit) 102 100 96 92 88 86 84 80 76 92
NR of Noise Control 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ground Level Shielding -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -5 -5 -5 -5
475 Hemispherical Radiation -51 -51 -51 -51 -51 -51 -51 -51 -51
Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 0 0 0 -1 -1 -4 -7
Source Sound Level Contribution 50 47 42 37 31 29 26 20 13 35
2) PWL of ReRadiated Noise (Below Ground Regulators) 90 87 90 90 92 96 96 94 90 101
NR of Noise Control -20 -20 -20 -20 -20 -20 -20 -20 -20
Misc. Atten. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
475 Hemispherical Radiation -51 -51 -51 -51 -51 -51 -51 -51 -51
Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 0 0 0 -1 -1 -4 -7
Source Sound Level Contribution 19 16 19 19 20 24 23 19 12 29
3) PWL of Other Aboveground Piping 71 66 71 71 73 77 77 75 71 82
NR of Noise Control 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Misc. Atten. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
475 Hemispherical Radiation -51 -51 -51 -51 -51 -51 -51 -51 -51
Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 0 0 0 -1 -1 -4 -7 Calc'd
Source Sound Level Contribution 20 15 20 20 21 25 24 20 13 30 Ldn
Est'd Total Contribution of Proposed Facilities 50 47 42 37 32 31 30 25 18 36.9 43.3
Table F: Huguenot M&R Station - Est'd Sound Contribution of Proposed Facilities at NSA #2
C-1
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Huguenot RS Eastern System Upgrade RN 3479 / JN 4982
APPENDIX C Analysis Methodology for Station Noise (07/27/16)
Source No. SOURCE PWL & OTHER CONDITIONS/FACTORS PWL or SPL in dB Per Octave-Band Center Freq. (Hz) A-Wt.
& Dist (Ft) ASSOCIATED WITH THE ACOUSTICAL ANALYSIS 31.5 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 Level
1) PWL of "Low Noise" Natural Gas Heater (1 unit) 102 100 96 92 88 86 84 80 76 92
NR of Noise Control 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ground Level Shielding -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -5 -5 -5 -5
700 Hemispherical Radiation -55 -55 -55 -55 -55 -55 -55 -55 -55
Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 0 0 0 -1 -2 -5 -10
Source Sound Level Contribution 46 43 38 33 28 25 22 15 7 31
2) PWL of ReRadiated Noise (Below Ground Regulators) 90 87 90 90 92 96 96 94 90 101
NR of Noise Control -20 -20 -20 -20 -20 -20 -20 -20 -20
Misc. Atten. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
700 Hemispherical Radiation -55 -55 -55 -55 -55 -55 -55 -55 -55
Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 0 0 0 -1 -2 -5 -10
Source Sound Level Contribution 15 12 15 15 17 20 19 14 6 24
3) PWL of Other Aboveground Piping 71 66 71 71 73 77 77 75 71 82
NR of Noise Control 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Misc. Atten. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
700 Hemispherical Radiation -55 -55 -55 -55 -55 -55 -55 -55 -55
Atm. Absorption (70% R.H., 60 deg F) 0 0 0 0 0 -1 -2 -5 -10 Calc'd
Source Sound Level Contribution 16 11 16 16 18 21 20 15 7 25 Ldn
Est'd Total Contribution of Proposed Facilities 46 43 38 33 29 28 26 20 11 33.1 39.5
Table G: Huguenot M&R Station - Est'd Sound Contribution of Proposed Facilities at NSA #3
C-2
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Huguenot RS Eastern System Upgrade RN 3479 / JN 4982
APPENDIX C Analysis Methodology for Station Noise (07/27/16)
In general, the predicted sound level contributed by the proposed facilities was calculated as a function of
frequency from estimated unweighted octave-band (O.B.) sound power levels (PWLs) for each significant
sound source associated with the proposed facilities. The following summarizes the analysis procedure
for the analysis:
Initially, unweighted O.B. PWLs of the significant noise sources associated with the proposed
facilities was determined from actual sound level measurements performed by H&K at similar
type of facilities and/or equipment manufacturers sound data;
Then, expected noise reduction (NR) or attenuation in dB per O.B. frequency due to any noise
control measures, hemispherical sound propagation (discussed in more detail below*) and
atmospheric sound absorption (discussed in more detail below**) were subtracted from the
unweighted O.B. PWLs to obtain the unweighted O.B. SPLs of each noise source. Since sound
shielding by buildings can influence the sound level contributed at the NSAs, we also included the
sound shielding due to buildings, if appropriate. The sound attenuation effect due to vegetation
or land contour were typically not considered in the analyses;
Finally, the resulting estimated O.B. SPLs for all noise sources (with noise control and other
sound attenuation effects) were logarithmically summed, and the total O.B. SPLs for all noise
sources were corrected for A-weighting to provide the estimated overall A-wt. sound level
contributed by the proposed facilities at the closest NSAs.
*Attenuation due to hemispherical sound propagation: Sound propagates outwards in all directions (i.e.,
length, width, height) from a point source, and the sound energy of a noise source decreases with
increasing distance from the source. In the case of hemispherical sound propagation, the source is
located on a flat continuous plane/surface (e.g., ground), and the sound radiates hemispherically (i.e.,
outward, over and above the surface) from the source. The following equation is the theoretical decrease
of sound energy when determining the resulting SPLs of a noise source at a specific distance (r) of a
receiver from a source PWL values:
**Attenuation due to air absorption: Air absorbs sound energy, and the amount of absorption
(attenuation) is dependent on the temperature and relative humidity (R.H.) of air and frequency of
sound. For example, the attenuation due to air absorption for 1000 Hz O.B. SPL is approximately 1.5 dB
per 1,000 feet for standard day conditions (i.e., no wind, 60 deg. F and 70% R.H.).
C-3
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Huguenot RS Eastern System Upgrade RN 3479 / JN 4982
APPENDIX D Analysis Methodology for Construction Noise (07/27/16)
Equipment Est'd A-Wt. Resulting A-Wt. Assumed Max. Est'd Max. A-Wt.
Type of Power Rating Est'd Number Sound Level at PWL of Single No. Operating PWL or Sound
Equipment or Capacity Required 50 Ft.: Note (1) Piece of Equip. at One Time Level of Equip.
Note (1): Noise Emission Levels of construction equipment based on an EPA Report (meas'd sound data for a railroad
construction project) and measured sound data in the field by H&K or other published sound data.
Note (2): Noise attenuation due to hemispherical sound propagation: Sound propagates outwards in all directions
(i.e., length, width, height) from a point source, and the sound energy of a noise source decreases with
increasing distance from the source. In the case of hemispherical sound propagation, the source is located
on a flat continuous plane/surface (e.g., ground), and the sound radiates hemispherically from the source.
The following equation is the theoretical decrease of sound energy when determining the resulting SPL of
a noise source at a specific distance (r) of a receiver from a source sound power level (PWL):
Decrease in SPL (hemispherical propagation) from a noise source = 20*log(r) 2.3 dB, where r is
distance of the receiver from the noise source. For example, if the distance "r" is 250 feet between the
site and closest NSA, the hemispherical propagation = 20*log(250) 2.3 dB = 46 dB.
Note (3): Noise attenuation due to air absorption & foliage: Air absorbs sound energy, and the amount of absorption
("attenuation") is dependent on temperature and relative humidity (R.H.) of the air and the frequency of sound.
For standard day conditions (i.e., no wind, 60 deg. F. and 70% R.H.), the attenuation due to air absorption for
the medium frequency (i.e., 1000 Hz O.B. SPL) is approximately 1.5 dB per 1,000 feet. In addition, foliage
such as forest/trees between the Station site and nearby NSAs can have a sound attenuation effect depending
on the amount/thickness of the foliage.
Note (4): Calc'd Ldn equal to the est'd A-wt. sound level since construction activities will occur only during daytime.
D-1
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Huguenot RS Eastern System Upgrade RN 3479 / JN 4982
APPENDIX E Town of Deerpark Noise Ordinance (07/27/16)
Town of Deerpark
Section 230-19 General Commercial and Industrial Standards (relevant text from Town
of Deerpark Zoning Law) follows. (page 38-39)
E-1
Town of Deerpark Zoning Law
b. Parking whether or not parking problems could result from the business use.
Factors which shall be used to evaluate this criteria include, but are not limited to the
following: (i) parking required for the business shall be provided on-site; (ii) parking
on the property shall be on a surface equal in quality to the paving surface of any
existing driveway unless there is no surface other than the ground, in which case a
gravel surface shall be provided at a minimum; and (iii) no home occupation shall be
permitted which requires parking of tractor-trailer combinations along the street on a
continuing basis.
B. No home occupation, having once been permitted or established, shall be added to, expanded, e
nlarged or otherwise increased or changed substantially in character without complying with is
law and such permission or establishment shall not be a basis for a later application to establish a
principal commercial use. Moreover, the conversion o f a residence with a home occupation to a
commercial use by the abandonment of the residence or sale, rent or transfer of the business to a
party which does not reside on-site is strictly prohibited unless the business in then moved off-site.
Wherever commercial, manufacturing or other non-residential uses, with the exception of agricultural activities and
home occupations, are proposed the following performance standards will apply. The Building Inspector shall
ensure these standards are met prior to issuing Certificates of Occupancy for such uses and may require the
applicant(s) to provide documentation of compliance.
B. Inflammables: All activities involving the manufacturing, production, storage, transfer or disposal of
inflammable and explosive materials shall be provided with adequate safety devices against the hazard
of fire and explosion. Firefighting and fire suppression equipment and devices shall be provided
pursuant to National Fire Protection Association guidelines. Burning of waste materials in open fires
is prohibited. Details of the potential hazards and planned safety and accident response actions shall
be provided by the applicant and the Planning Board may require greater front, side, and rear yards
and/or fencing.
C. Electric Disturbances: No activities shall be permitted which emit dangerous radioactivity or electrical
disturbance adversely affecting the operation of any equipment other than that of the creator of such
disturbance.
Town of Deerpark, Orange County, New York Article 4 General Supplementary Regulations
Page 38
Town of Deerpark Zoning Law
D. Noise: The maximum sound pressure level radiated by any non-transportation use or facility at the
property line shall not exceed the values given in Table 1 below after applying adjustments as provided
in Table 2 below. The sound pressure shall be measured with a sound level meter and associated with
Octave Band Analyzer conforming to standards prescribed by the American National Standards
Institute.
TABLE 1
20-300 60
300-2,400 40
2,400+ 30
If the noise is not smooth and continuous and is not radiated between the hours of 10:00 PM and
7:00 AM, the adjustments in Table 2 shall be applied to the decibels levels given in Table 1.
Where more than one adjustment is applicable, the largest adjustment only shall apply.
TABLE 2
TYPE OF LOCATION OR ADJUSTMENT IN
NOISE CHARACTER DECIBELS PERMITTED
Motor vehicle racetracks shall employ noise control suppression mechanisms as provided in the
Town of Deerpark Local Regulating Motor Vehicle Racetracks (Local Law No. 1 of 1991,
as amended).
E. Vibration: No vibration shall be permitted on a regular or continuing basis which is detectable without
instruments at the property line.
F. Lighting: All lighting shall be designed so as to avoid unnecessary or unsafe spillover of light and
glare onto operators of motor vehicles, pedestrians, and land uses in proximity to the light source.
Light sources shall comply with the following standards:
Town of Deerpark, Orange County, New York Article 4 General Supplementary Regulations
Page 39
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Huguenot RS Eastern System Upgrade RN 3479 / JN 4982
APPENDIX F - Acoustical Terminology (07/27/16)
(1) Decibel (dB): A unit for expressing the relative power level difference between acoustical
or electrical signals. It is ten times the common logarithm of the ratio of two related
quantities that are proportional to power. When adding dB or dBA values, the values
must be added logarithmically. For example, the logarithmic addition of 35 dB plus 35
dB is 38 dB.
(3) A-Weighted Sound Level (dBA): The A-wt. sound level is a single-figure sound rating,
expressed in decibels, which correlates to the human perception of the loudness of
sound. The dBA level is commonly used to measure industrial and environmental noise
since it is easy to measure and provides a reasonable indication of the human
annoyance value of the noise. The dBA measurement is not a good descriptor of a
noise consisting of strong low-frequency components or for a noise with tonal
components.
(4) Background or Ambient Noise: The total noise produced by all other sources associated
with a given environment in the vicinity of a specific sound source of interest, and
includes any Residual Noise.
(5) Sound Pressure Level (Lp or SPL): Ten times the common logarithm to the base 10 of
the ratio of the mean square sound pressure to the square of a reference pressure.
Therefore, the sound pressure level is equal to 20 times the common logarithm of the
ratio of the sound pressure to a reference pressure (20 micropascals or 0.0002
microbar).
(6) Octave Band Sound Pressure Level (SPL): Sound is typically measured in frequency
ranges (e.g., high-pitched sound, low-pitched sound, etc.) that provides more meaningful
sound data regarding the sound character of the noise. When measuring two noise
sources for comparison, it is better to measure the spectrum of each noise, such as in
octave band SPL frequency ranges. Then, the relative loudness of two sounds can be
compared frequency range by frequency range. As an illustration, two noise sources
can have the same dBA rating and yet sound completely different. For example, a high-
F-1
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Huguenot RS Eastern System Upgrade RN 3479 / JN 4982
APPENDIX F - Acoustical Terminology (07/27/16)
pitched sound concentrated at a frequency of 2000 Hz could have the same dBA rating
as a much louder low-frequency sound concentrated at 50 Hz.
(7) Daytime Sound Level (Ld) & Nighttime Sound Level (Ln): Ld is the equivalent A-weighted
sound level, in decibels, for a 15 hour time period, between 07:00 to 22:00 Hours (7:00
a.m. to 10:00 p.m.). Ln is the equivalent A-weighted sound level, in decibels, for a 9 hour
time period, between 22:00 to 07:00 Hours (10:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m.).
(8) Equivalent Sound Level (Leq): The equivalent sound level (Leq) can be considered an
average sound level measured during a period of time, including any fluctuating sound
levels during that period. In this report, the Leq is equal to the level of a steady (in time)
A-weighted sound level that would be equivalent to the sampled A-weighted sound level
on an energy basis for a specified measurement interval. The concept of the measuring
Leq has been used broadly to relate individual and community reaction to aircraft and
other environmental noises.
(9) Day-Night Sound Level (Ldn): The Ldn is an energy average of the measured daytime Leq
(Ld) and the measured nighttime Leq (Ln) plus 10 dB. The 10-dB adjustment to the Ln is
intended to compensate for nighttime sensitivity. As such, the Ldn is not a true measure
of the sound level but represents a skewed average that correlates generally with past
sound surveys which attempted to relate environmental sound levels with physiological
reaction and physiological effects. For a steady sound source that operates
continuously over a 24-hour period and controls the environmental sound level, an Ldn is
approx. 6.4 dB above the measured Leq.
(10) Sound Level Meter (SLM): An instrument used to measure sound pressure level, sound
level, octave-band SPL, or peak sound pressure level, separately or in any combinations
thereof. The measured weighted SPL (i.e., A-Wt. Sound Level or dBA) is obtained by
the use of a SLM having a standard frequency-filter for attenuating part of the sound
spectrum.
F-2
Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Hoover & Keith, Inc.
Huguenot RS Eastern System Upgrade RN 3479 / JN 4982
APPENDIX F - Acoustical Terminology (07/27/16)
-- 130 --
Large Siren at 100 Ft.
Threshold
-- 10 -- of Hearing
Hoover & Keith Inc. (Consultants in Acoustics)
11391 Meadowglen, Suite D
Houston, Texas 77082 -- 0 --
-end of report-
F-3
APPENDIX 9J
Resource Report 9 Air and Noise Quality 9J-i Eastern System Upgrade