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BrownMath.comStatsw/oTearsSymbols
StatswithoutTears
StatisticsSymbolSheet
Updated21Feb2014
Copyright20022017byStanBrown
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RelationalSymbols
equals isnotequalto
=
isthesameas isdierentfrom
isgreaterthan
isgreaterthanorequalto
ismorethan
> isatleast
exceeds or>= isnotlessthan
isabove
islessthanorequalto
islessthan isatmost
< isfewerthan doesnotexceed
isbelow or<= isnotgreaterthan
isnomorethan
A<x<B xisbetweenAandB,exclusive
AxB xisbetweenAandB,inclusive
AB AisapproximatelyequaltoB
Herearesymbolsforvarioussamplestatisticsandthecorrespondingpopulationparameters.Theyarenotrepeatedinthe
listbelow.
sample population
description
statistic parameter
n N numberofmembersofsampleorpopulation
mu
xxbar mean
orx
s sigma standarddeviation
(TIssaySx) orx Forvariance,applyasquaredsymbol(sor).
r rho coecientoflinearcorrelation
pphat p proportion
zt (n/a) calculatedteststatistic
andcantakesubscriptstoshowwhatyouaretakingthemeanorstandarddeviationof.Forinstance,
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andcantakesubscriptstoshowwhatyouaretakingthemeanorstandarddeviationof.Forinstance,x(sigmasubx
bar)isthestandarddeviationofsamplemeans,orstandarderrorofthemean.
RomanLetters
b=yinterceptofaline.DenedhereinChapter4.(Somestatisticsbooksuseb0.)
BDorBPD=binomialprobabilitydistribution.DenedhereinChapter6.
CI=condenceinterval.DenedhereinChapter9.
CLT=CentralLimitTheorem.DenedhereinChapter8.
d=dierencebetweenpaireddata.DenedhereinChapter11.
dfornu=degreesoffreedominaStudentstordistribution.DenedhereinChapter9.Denedherein
Chapter12.
DPD=discreteprobabilitydistribution.DenedhereinChapter6.
E=marginoferror,a/k/amaximumerroroftheestimate.DenedhereinChapter9.
f=frequency.DenedhereinChapter2.
f/n=relativefrequency.DenedhereinChapter2.
HT=hypothesistest.DenedhereinChapter10.
Ho=nullhypothesis.DenedhereinChapter10.
H1orHa=alternativehypothesis.DenedhereinChapter10.
IQR=interquartilerange,Q3Q1.DenedhereinChapter3.
m=slopeofaline.DenedhereinChapter4.(TheTI83usesaandsomestatisticsbooksuseb1.)
MorMed=medianofasample.DenedhereinChapter3.
n=samplesize,numberofdatapoints.DenedhereinChapter2.Also,numberoftrialsinaprobability
experimentwithabinomialmodel.DenedhereinChapter6.
N=populationsize.
ND=normaldistribution,whosegraphisabellshapedcurve;alsonormallydistributed.Denedherein
Chapter7.
p=probabilityvalue.Thespecicmeaningdependsoncontext.
Ingeometricandbinomialprobabilitydistributions,pistheprobabilityofsuccess(denedherein
Chapter6)onanyonetrialandq=(1p)istheprobabilityoffailure(theonlyotherpossibility)onanyonetrial.
Inhypothesistesting,pisthecalculatedpvalue(denedhereinChapter10),theprobabilitythatrejecting
thenullhypothesiswouldbeawrongdecision.
Intestsofpopulationproportions,pstandsforpopulationproportionandpforsampleproportion(seetable 2/4
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Intestsofpopulationproportions,pstandsforpopulationproportionandpforsampleproportion(seetable
above).
P(A)=theprobabilityofeventA.
P(AC)orP(notA)=theprobabilitythatAdoesnothappen.DenedhereinChapter5.
P(B|A)=theprobabilitythateventBwillhappen,giventhateventAdenitelyhappens.Itsusuallyreadas
theprobabilityofBgivenA.DenedhereinChapter5.
Caution!TheorderofAandBmayseembackwardtoyouatrst.
P80orP80=80thpercentile(PkorPk=kthpercentile)DenedhereinChapter3.
q=probabilityoffailureonanyonetrialinbinomialorgeometricdistribution,equalto(1p)wherepisthe
probabilityofsuccessonanyonetrial.DenedhereinChapter6.
Q1orQ1=rstquartile(Q3orQ3=thirdquartile)DenedhereinChapter3.
r=linearcorrelationcoecientofasample.DenedhereinChapter4.
R=coecientofdetermination.DenedhereinChapter4.
s=standarddeviationofasample.DenedhereinChapter3.
SD(ors.d.)=standarddeviation.DenedhereinChapter3.
SEM=standarderrorofthemean(symbolisx).DenedhereinChapter8.
SEP=standarderroroftheproportion(symbolisp).DenedhereinChapter8.
X(capitalX)=avariable.
x(lowercasex)=onedatavalue(rawscore).Asacolumnheading,xmeansaseriesofdatavalues.
xxbar=meanofasample.DenedhereinChapter3.
yhat=predictedaverageyvalueforagivenx,foundbyusingtheregressionequation.Denedherein
Chapter4.
z=standardscoreorzscore.DenedhereinChapter3.
z(area)orzarea=thezscore,suchthatthatmuchoftheareaunderthenormalcurveliestotherightofthatz.
Thisisnotamultiplication!(SeeThezFunction[URL:hp://BrownMath.com/swt/chap07.htm#c07_zFunc].)
GreekLetters
alpha=signicancelevelinhypothesistest,oracceptableprobabilityofaTypeIerror(probabilityyoucan
livewith).DenedhereinChapter10.1=condencelevel.
beta=inahypothesistest,theacceptableprobabilityofaTypeIIerror;1iscalledthepowerofthetest.
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mu,pronouncedmew=meanofapopulation.DenedhereinChapter3.
nu:seedf,above.
rho,pronouncedroe=linearcorrelationcoecientofapopulation.
sigma=standarddeviationofapopulation.DenedhereinChapter3.
xsigmasubxbar;seeSEMabove.
psigmasubphat;seeSEPabove.
sigma=summation.(Thisisuppercasesigma.Lowercasesigma,,meansstandarddeviationofa
population;seethetablenearthestartofthispage.)SeeMeansAddemUp[URL:
hp://BrownMath.com/swt/chap01.htm#c01_BigSigma]inChapter1.
chisquared=distributionformultinomialexperimentsandcontingencytables.DenedhereinChapter12.
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