1.

) INDRA NOOYI
Indra Nooyi is an Indian-born American business executive currently serving as the Chairperson and Chief
Executive Officer of PepsiCo, one of the largest food and beverage businesses in the world. Nooyi is one of the
top female executives in the United States and is consistently ranked among the World's 100 Most Powerful
Women. She has been instrumental in the diversification and expansion of PepsiCos brands which had
primarily been more focused on soft drinks. Known to be a highly innovative, energetic, and hard working
person, Nooyi has risen to become one of the top most female executives in the world from a modest
beginning. Born into a middle-class family in Chennai, Nooyi has always been someone who refused to adhere
to the conservative norms of the society. A brilliant student, she completed her MBA from the Indian Institute of
Management in Calcutta, and worked with Johnson & Johnson. Then she proceeded to the Yale School of
Management to further her education and worked with Boston Consulting Group (BCG), Motorola and Asea
Brown Boveri. She gained much prominence as a strategist and received job offers from several prestigious
companies including General Electric and PepsiCo. She chose to join PepsiCo in 1994 and quickly rose up the
ranks to be named its CEO in 2006

Childhood & Early Life

She was born as Indra Krishnamurthy on 28 October 1955, in Madras
(now Chennai), Tamil Nadu, India, into a conservative middle-class
family. Her father was a bank official.

She was educated at Holy Angels Anglo Indian Higher Secondary School.
She studied physics, chemistry and mathematics from Madras Christian
College from where she graduated in 1974.

She possessed a rebellious streak as a young girl, and was known to be

wild. She played guitar in a band and was also a member of an all-
girls' cricket teamactivities girls in her social strata rarely participated
in.

A brilliant student, she earned a seat in one of Indias premier institutions,

Indian Institute of Management Calcutta, from where she completed a
Post Graduate Diploma in Management (MBA), in 1976.

Career
Her first job was with Tootal, a British textile company which had extensive
holdings in India. Eventually she moved on to work with Johnson &
Johnson as a product manager.

Her job with Johnson & Johnson was quite a challenging one as she was
made responsible for managing the introduction of Stayfree sanitary
napkins to India. At that time advertising for feminine hygiene products
was banned in the country and Stayfree was struggling to gain a
foothold. Nooyi managed to introduce the products to young women by
directly marketing to female students at schools and colleges.

Her experience at Johnson & Johnson made her realize that she was still
unprepared for the business world, and thus she decided to pursue
 further education. She moved to the United States to join Yale School of
Management in 1978 and pursued a master's degree in Public and
Private Management. She thoroughly enjoyed her learning experience at
Yale and graduated in 1980.

After getting her degree, she joined the Boston Consulting Group as a
director of international corporate strategy projects. In this position, she
worked on a variety of strategy projects for the next six years.

In 1986, she moved to Motorola as a senior executive in the automotive

division development team. She quickly rose through the ranks and was
promoted to vice president and director of corporate strategy and
planning in 1988.

She changed her job yet again in 1990, this time accepting the post of
senior vice president and director of corporate strategy and strategic
marketing at Asea Brown Boveri (ABB). This job required Nooyi to
integrate a group of around 15 diverse businesses into a cohesive
operation.

She proved to be a great success at this job and by the mid-1990s, she
was aggressively being courted by corporate headhunters and offered
lucrative positions in some of the worlds largest companies. In 1994,
Jack Welch, the head of General Electric, and Wayne Calloway,
PepsiCo CEO, both offered her jobs in their respective companies.

Indra Nooyi joined PepsiCo in 1994 as senior vice president of corporate

strategy and development. Over the next couple of years, she worked
closely with the new CEO, Roger Enrico, and worked on shaping the
companys future expansion and growth strategies.

PepsiCo at that time owned KFC, Pizza Hut, and Taco Bell restaurant
chains. Nooyi played a pivotal part in getting these restaurants divested
in 1997. The divesture resulted in the creation of Tricon Global
Restaurants, Inc., now renamed as Yum! Brands, Inc., which is today
one of the world's largest fast food restaurant companies.

Given the changing food preferences of the consumers, she felt that it
was important for PepsiCo to expand into more healthful snack options.
In keeping up with this belief, she led PepsiCos acquisition of Tropicana
and the merger with Quaker Oats Company. Both of these ventures
proved to be highly profitable to the company.

In recognition of her impressive work with the company, Nooyi was

promoted to chief financial officer in 2000 and the president in 2001. In
2006, PepsiCo CEO Steve Reinemund retired and Nooyi became the
fifth CEO in PepsiCo's 44-year history.

Indra Nooyi also serves as a member of the Foundation Board of the

World Economic Forum, International Rescue Committee, Catalyst, and
the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts.
Major Works
As an employee of PepsiCo, Nooyi is credited to have directed the
companys global strategy, leading to its extensive expansion and
restructuring including the divestiture of its restaurants. She played an
instrumental role in PepsiCos acquisition of Tropicana and merger with
Quaker Oats Company.

Awards & Achievements

She has consistently ranked on Forbes magazines list of The World's
100 Most Powerful Women. Fortune magazine named Indra Nooyi
No.1 on its annual ranking of Most Powerful Women in business for five
consecutive years from 2006 to 2010.

She was honored with the Padma Bhushan by the President of India in
2007.

She has been named 2009 CEO of the Year by Global Supply Chain
Leaders Group.

Personal Life & Legacy

She is married to Raj Nooyi, a management consultant of Indian origin.
The couple has two daughters. In spite of her very hectic corporate
career, Indra always prioritizes her family and maintains close relations
with her mother.
 2.) CHANDA KOCHHAR
Chanda Kochhar (born 17 November 1961) is the managing director (MD) and chief executive officer (CEO)
of ICICI Bank. She is widely recognised for her role in shaping retail banking in India. [1][2][3]

Contents

1Early life

2Career

o 2.119841993

o 2.219932009

o 2.32009 to present

3Recognition

4Personal life

Early life[edit]
Kochhar was born in Jodhpur, Rajasthan and raised in Jaipur, Rajasthan. She was educated at St. Angela
Sophia School, Jaipur. She then moved to Mumbai, where she joined Jai Hind College for a bachelor's degree.
After graduating in 1982, she studied cost accountancy, and later acquired a master's degree in management
studies from Jamnalal Bajaj Institute of Management Studies, Mumbai. She received the Wockhardt Gold
Medal for Excellence in Management Studies as well as the J. N. Bose Gold Medal in Cost Accountancy. [4]

Career[edit]
19841993[edit]
In 1984, Kochhar joined the Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India (ICICI) [5] as a management
trainee. During her early years at ICICI, she handled project appraisal and monitoring and evaluated projects in
industries such as textile, paper and cement.[4]

19932009[edit]
Kochhar was instrumental in establishing ICICI Bank during the 1990s. In 1993, Kochhar was appointed as one
of the core team members who were assigned the responsibility of setting up the bank. She was promoted to
assistant general manager in 1994 and then to deputy general manager in 1996. In 1996, Kochhar headed the
newly formed Infrastructure Industry Group of ICICI Bank, which aimed to create dedicated industry expertise
in the areas of power, telecom and transportation. In 1998, she was promoted as the General Manager and
headed ICICI Bank's major client group, which handled relationships with ICICI's top 200 clients. In 1999, she
also handled the strategy and e-commerce divisions of ICICI Bank. Under Kochhar's leadership, ICICI Bank
started building the nascent retail business in 2000 focusing largely on technology, innovation, process
engineering and expansion of distribution and scale.In April 2001, she took over as executive director. [4] In 2006,
Kochhar was appointed as deputy managing director of ICICI Bank. In 2006- 07, Kochhar handled the
international and corporate businesses of the bank. From 2007 to 2009, she was the bank's chief financial
officer (CFO) & joint managing director (JMD).[6]

2009 to present[edit]
In 2009 Kochhar was appointed as managing director (MD) and chief executive officer (CEO) of the bank and
has been responsible for the banks diverse operations in India and overseas. [7] She also chairs the boards of
most of the banks subsidiaries, which include Indias leading private sector life and general insurance
companies.
Kochhar is a member of the IndiaJapan Business Leaders Forum and the US-India CEO Forum. [8] She is the
president of the International Monetary Conference, an organization that annually brings together the chief
executives of approximately 70 of the worlds largest financial institutions from 30 countries, along with officials
from government institutions.[9] She is the deputy chairperson of the Indian Banks Association, and is on the
boards of the Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations, National Institute of Securities
Markets and Institute of International Finance. Kochhar has been a member of the Prime Ministers Council on
Trade & Industry, the Board of Trade and High-Level Committee on Financing Infrastructure. She was co-chair
of the World Economic Forums Annual Meeting in 2011.
Kochhar received an honorary doctorate from Carleton University, Canada in 2014, [10] in recognition of her
pioneering work in the financial sector, effective leadership in a time of economic crisis and support for
engaged business practices. She was conferred with the Padma Bhushan, one of India's highest civilian
honours, in 2011. [11]

Recognition[edit]
Under Kochhar's leadership, ICICI Bank won the "Best Retail Bank in India" award in 2001, 2003, 2004 and
2005 and "Excellence in Retail Banking Award" in 2002; both awards were given by The Asian Banker.
Kochhar personally was awarded "Retail Banker of the Year 2004 (Asia-Pacific region)" by the Asian Banker,
"Business Woman of the Year 2005" by The Economic Times and "Rising Star Award" for Global Awards 2006
by Retail Banker International. Kochhar has also consistently figured in Fortune's list of "Most Powerful Women
in Business" since 2005.[4] She climbed up the list debuting with the 47th position in 2005, moving up 10 spots
to 37 in 2006 and then to 33 in 2007.[12][13] In the 2008 list, Kochhar features at the 25th spot.[14] In 2009, she
debuted at number 20 in the Forbes "World's 100 Most Powerful Women list". She is the second Indian in the
list behind the Indian National Congress party chief Sonia Gandhi at number 13.[15] In 2010, she fell to number
92 in the Forbes list, but in 2011 bounced back to 43.[16][17] As of 2014, she ranks at #43.[18] And in 2015 she
climbed up to #35 again.[19]
Kochhar has also consistently figured in Fortune's list of "Most Powerful Women in Business" since 2005. In
2009, she debuted at number 20 in the Forbes "World's 100 Most Powerful Women list",[20] and climbed to the
10th spot in 2010.[21] In 2011, she featured in Business Today's list of the "Most Powerful Women Hall of
Fame".[22] In 2011, she also featured in the "The 50 Most Influential People in Global Finance" List of Bloomberg
Markets.[23] Chanda Kochhar was awarded with ASSOCHAM Ladies League Mumbai Women of the Decade
Achievers Award on 2 January 2014.[24]
 In 2011, Kochhar was awarded the "ABLF Woman of Power Award (India)" at the Asian Business Leadership
Forum Awards.[25]
Kochhar was ranked as the most powerful businesswoman in India in Forbes' list of 'The World's 100 Most
Powerful Women 2013'.[26] Kochhar was also featured in the Power List 2013 of 25 most powerful women in
India by India Today, for the third year in a row.[27]
Kochhar was selected in Time magazine's list of the 100 Most Influential People in the World 2015. [28]
In 2015, Kochhar was ranked first in the Fortune List of 100 Most Powerful Women in Asia Pacific. [29]
Kochhar ranked 40th on India Todays High and Mighty Power List 2016 in 2016. [30] In the same year, she was
on the 22nd position in the Forbes Asias 50 Power Businesswomen List 2016. [31]

Personal life[edit]
Kochhar resides in Mumbai, and is married to Deepak Kochhar,[32] a wind energy entrepreneur and her
business schoolmate. They have two children, a daughter Aarti [33] and a son, Arjun.

3.) TORY BURCH

Tory Burch (born June 17, 1966; ne Robinson) is an American fashion designer, businesswoman, and
philanthropist, who has won several fashion awards for her designs. [3] She is the Chairman, CEO, and Designer
of Tory Burch LLC. In 2015, she was listed as the 73rd most powerful woman in the world by Forbes.[4]

Contents
[hide]

1Early life and education

2Career

o 2.1Early work

o 2.2Fashion label

o 2.3Selected television appearances

o 2.4Awards

3Philanthropy

4Personal life

5References
 6External links

Early life and education[edit]

Burch was born in Valley Forge, Pennsylvania,[5] the daughter of Reva (ne Schapira) and Ira Earl "Bud"
Robinson (19232007).[6]She was raised with her three brothers (Robert, James and Leonard) [7] in a Valley
Forge farmhouse, a 250-year-old Georgian near the Valley Forge National Historical Park.[7]
Her father was a wealthy investor who inherited a stock exchange seat and a paper cup company. He
dated Grace Kelly and Joan Bennett before marrying Reva, an actress who had dated both Steve
McQueen and Marlon Brando.[7] Burch is Jewish on her mother's side.[8][9]
Burch attended the Agnes Irwin School in Rosemont, Pennsylvania where she was captain of the tennis team,
[7]
and was a friend of jewelry designer Kara Ross.[10] Her first job was at Benetton in the King of Prussia Mall.[10]
She then attended the University of Pennsylvania, where she was a member of the sorority Kappa Alpha Theta.
She majored in art history, and graduated in 1988. [7]

Career[edit]
Early work[edit]
After graduating from college, Tory moved to New York City where she worked for Zoran, a Yugoslavian
designer,[7] followed by Harper's Bazaar magazine. She then moved into public relations and advertising
positions at Vera Wang,[7][11] Polo Ralph Lauren and Loewe when Narciso Rodriguez was there.[12]

Fashion label[edit]
Main article: Tory Burch (company)
Burch began her fashion label "TRB by Tory Burch", later known as Tory Burch in February 2004, launching
it with a retail store in Manhattan's Nolita district.[5][13][14] Most of the inventory sold out on the first day.[15]
[16]
When Oprah Winfrey endorsed her line on The Oprah Winfrey Show in April 2005, calling Burch "the next big
thing in fashion", Burch's website received eight million hits the following day.[17][18]
Since launch, the company has grown to include more than 190 Tory Burch stores worldwide. [19] The fashion
line, which encompasses ready-to-wear, shoes, handbags, accessories, watches, home decor, and a fragrance
and beauty collection, is also carried at over 3,000 department and specialty stores worldwide. [16][20]
In 2015 Burch also introduced a separate performance activewear line, Tory Sport, with a dedicated website
and a pop-up shop.[21][22][23] A stand-alone store on Fifth Avenue in New York, as well as boutiques in East
Hampton and Dallas, followed in 2016.[24][25][26]
Burch's style has been described as preppy-boho and preppy-bohemian luxe,[3] and is associated with her T-
logo medallion.[11] Known for being easy to wear and versatile, [7][11][27][28] her styles are popular with women of all
ages,[29] including the viewers and fans of the television show Gossip Girl, where they were often featured.[30] In
2007, there were wait lists to buy Tory Burch fashions,[31] which are known for color and print and often pay
homage to styles of the 1960s and 1970s. [32][33][34] Burch named her line of Reva ballerina flats after her mother.[7]
[35]

Selected television appearances[edit]

Year Film Role Notes

2005 The Oprah Winfrey Show Guest April 4, 2005 episode

2009 Gossip Girl Herself Season 3, episode 4[36]

2010 Project Runway Guest judge Season 7, episode 6

CBS News Sunday Morning Guest January 29, 2012 episode

2012 Fashion King Herself Cameo

Iconoclasts Documentary subject Season 6, episode 4

Good Morning America Guest October 14, 2014 episode

2014

Charlie Rose Interviewee October 16, 2014 episode[37]

Awards[edit]
In 2005, Burch won the Rising Star Award for Best New Retail Concept from the Fashion Group International.
[5]
In 2007, she won the Accessory Brand Launch of the year award at the Accessories Council Excellence
Awards.[5][38] In 2008, Burch won the Council of Fashion Designers of America award for Accessories Designer of
the Year.[39] Working Mother included her on their list of the 50 Most Powerful Moms of 2015. [40] In 2015, she
received the Breast Cancer Research Foundation's Sandra Taub Humanitarian Award.[41][42]
Burch has consistently been included on Forbes' list of The Worlds 100 Most Powerful Women.[43] As of 2015,
she is listed as the 73rd most powerful woman in the world by Forbes.[4]

Philanthropy[edit]
Burch at the 2009 Vanity Fair celebration for the Tribeca Film Festival

Burch serves on the boards of the Council of Fashion Designers of America, [44] the Society of Memorial Sloan-
Kettering Cancer Center,[45]the Breast Cancer Research Foundation,[46] the Startup America Partnership[47] and
the Barnes Foundation.[48] She is a member of the Industry Advisory Board of the Jay H. Baker Retailing Center
at the Wharton School of Business,[49] and a member of the Council on Foreign Relations.[50] She chaired the
2007 spring gala for the American Ballet Theatre.[51]
In 2009, Burch founded the Tory Burch Foundation, which supports the economic empowerment of women in
the U.S. through small business loans, mentoring and entrepreneurial education. [52][53] The foundation is currently
partnered with ACCION USA, a non-profit domestic microfinance provider founded in 1991. [54][55][56] Burchs stores
sell products whose proceeds support the foundations work. [57]
Among its initiatives, the Tory Burch Foundation offers an entrepreneurial education program, in collaboration
with Goldman Sachs 10,000 Small Businesses and Babson College. The foundation also offers a fellows
competition providing women entrepreneurs a chance to compete for business-education grants, year-long
mentoring, and a $50,000 grant plus a $50,000 no-interest investment in their business. [58]
In 2014, the foundation launched Elizabeth Street Capital, an initiative with Bank of America, with an initial
investment of $10 million in capital to provide women entrepreneurs with access to low-cost loans, mentoring
support and networking opportunities. In April 2016, Bank of America increased funding for the program to $20
million for loans in 2016 and 2017.[59][60] The initiative, originally named for the location of the first Tory Burch
boutique, is now known as the Tory Burch Foundation Capital program. [61]
In April 2014, the Obama Administration named Burch an inaugural member of the Presidential Ambassadors
for Global Entrepreneurship, a group of successful American businesspeople committed to developing the next
generation of entrepreneurs in the U.S. and around the world. Other members of PAGE include Reid Hoffman,
co-founder of LinkedIn, and entertainment producer Quincy Jones. [62]
In March 2017, to coincide with International Women's Day and Women's History Month, the Tory Burch
Foundation launched Embrace Ambition, a global campaign to address the double standard that exists around
ambition, which is often seen as a positive trait in men and a negative one in women. The campaign includes a
video PSA featuring a variety of celebrities, both women and men.[63][64][65]

Personal life[edit]
In 1993 she married William Macklowe, son of real-estate tycoon Harry B. Macklowe, and was divorced within
a year.[66] In 1996 she married J. Christopher Burch,[67] an investor in Internet Capital Group, a venture capital
firm founded by Walter Buckley and Ken Fox. Although divorced from Burch in 2006, she continues to use his
last name, and for some time continued to live with her children in their New York City apartment; she has three
sons and three stepdaughters.[3] She dated Lance Armstrong in 2007.[68][69] Afterward she was for some time
linked to Lyor Cohen.[70][71][72] In early 2016 Burch became engaged to Pierre-Yves Roussel, the chairman and
CEO of the LVMH Fashion Group. The couple had been dating since 2014.[73]
Forbes magazine has estimated that she is a billionaire, with a net worth of $1.0 billion as of 2013.
 4.) GISELE CAROLINE BUNDCHEN
Gisele Caroline Bndchen (Portuguese pronunciation: [izli kaolini btj], German pronunciation: [izl
[1]

kaolin bntnn]; born 20 July 1980) is a Brazilian fashion model and actress. Since 2004,
[5]

Bndchen has been among the highest-paid models in the world, and as of 2007 was the 16th
richest woman in the entertainment industry. In 2012, she placed 1st on the Forbes top-earning
[6]

models list. In 2014, she was listed as the 89th Most Powerful Woman in the World by Forbes.
[7]

In the late 1990s, Bndchen was the first in a wave of Brazilian models to find international
success. In 1999, Vogue noted "The Return of the Sexy Model", and she was credited with
[8]

ending the "heroin chic" era of modeling. Bndchen was one of the Victoria's Secret Angels from
2000 until mid-2007. Bndchen pioneered the "horse walk", a stomping movement created when
a model picks her knees up high and kicks her feet out in front. Claudia Schiffer and Naomi
[9]

Campbell have stated that Bndchen is the only remaining true supermodel. [10]

Bndchen ventured into acting when she played a supporting role in Taxi (2004), for which she
was nominated at the Teen Choice Awards for Choice Movie Breakout Performance, and for
Choice Movie Bad Guy. Bndchen had a supporting role in The Devil Wears Prada (2006), and
from 2010 to 2011, she was the Executive Producer of an educational environmental
cartoon, Gisele & the Green Team.
Bndchen married New England Patriots quarterback Tom Brady in 2009. She supports many
charities including Save the Children, Red Cross and Doctors without Borders, as well as
dedicating time to environmental causes. She is the Goodwill Ambassador for the United Nations
Environment Programme. [11]

Contents
[hide]

1Family and early life

2Career

o 2.119972000: Career beginnings

o 2.220002009: Modelling breakthrough and acting debut

o 2.320092011: Continued success

o 2.4Since 2012: Modelling campaigns and music endeavours

3Reception

4Public image

5Criticism

6Endorsements

7Philanthropy
 o 7.1Charitable activities

o 7.2Environmental work

o 7.3Goodwill ambassador

8Personal life

o 8.1Family

o 8.2Wealth

9Filmography

10Discography

o 10.1Singles

o 10.2Music videos

11Awards and nominations

12See also

13References

14External links

Family and early life[edit]

Bndchen is a sixth-generation Brazilian of German descent, born in Trs de Maio, Rio Grande
[12]

do Sul, Southern Brazil, to Vnia Nonnenmacher, a bank clerk pensioner, and Valdir Bndchen,
[13]

a college professor and writer, both of German extraction. Bndchen was raised in Horizontina,
[14]

a town in Southern Brazil in the region that received the largest percentage of German and
Austrian immigrants, where several German dialects are still spoken. She grew up with her
[15][16]

five sistersRaquel, Graziela, Gabriela, Rafaela, and her fraternal twin Patrcia, her junior by
five minutes. In addition to Portuguese, her mother tongue, Gisele speaks English, Italian,
[17]

Spanish and some French, besides having taken German classes at school. [12]

In 1993, Bndchen joined a modeling course with her sisters Patrcia and Gabriela at their
mother's insistence. The following year, Bndchen was discovered by the Elite modeling
[18]

agency at a shopping mall in So Paulo while on a school excursion. She was subsequently
selected for a national contest, Elite Look of the Year, in which she placed second. Bndchen
[19]

placed fourth in the Elite Model Look world contest, held in Ibiza, Spain. At the age of 14, she
[19]

moved to So Paulo to launch her modeling career. In 1996, Bndchen had her first New York
City break at Fashion Week. [20]

Career[edit]
19972000: Career beginnings[edit]
In 1997 Bndchen traveled to London, where she auditioned for 42 shows. She got her big break
when chosen for her ability to walk in towering heelson a slippery runwayfor Alexander
McQueen's spring 1998 "rain" ready-to-wear show. Echoing similar accolades for Elle
Macpherson a decade earlier, McQueen dubbed Bndchen "the Body", immediately boosting her
bookings. In 1998 she secured her first British Vogue cover, and became the most in-demand
[20]

cover girl of her generation with 10 covers in fewer than four yearseven Kate Moss has never
featured on more than nine in the same period according to Vogue.co.uk. In 1998, she posed for
[21]

Missoni, Chlo, Dolce & Gabbana, Valentino, Gianfranco Ferr, Ralph Lauren, and Versace
campaigns. She made the cover of the French edition of Vogue, and fashion magazine i-
D featured her on its cover, profiling "A Girl Called Gisele." The Vogue online encyclopedia of
[20]

models states, "As the year 2000 approached, Gisele Bndchen was the world's hottest model,
opening up a new category in the popular imagination: the Brazilian bombshell." [20]

She appeared on the cover of Vogue in July, November, and December 1999. She won
the VH1/Vogue Model of the Year for 1999, and a January 2000 cover gave her three
consecutive Vogue covers. In 2000, she became the fourth model to appear on the cover of the
music magazine Rolling Stone when she was named "the most beautiful girl in the world".
[22]

Bndchen has been on the covers of many top fashion magazines, including W, Harper's
[23]

Bazaar, Elle, Allure, international editions of Vogue, as well as style and lifestyle publications
such as i-D, The Face, Arena, Citizen K, Flair, GQ, Esquire, and Marie Claire. She appeared in
[18]

the Pirelli Calendar in 2001 and 2006, and in broader publications such as TIME, Vanity
[18]

Fair, Forbes, Newsweek, and Veja, for a total of more than 600 magazine covers throughout the
world a total that is only second to Princess Diana's. She simultaneously featured on the
[24] [25]

covers of both the US and British editions of Vogue in January 2000, the first issue of the new
millennium.
20002009: Modelling breakthrough and acting debut[edit]

Bndchen in 2006

By 2000, her record-breaking contract with Victoria's Secret helped solidify her status as the
world's top model. She has been on numerous book covers such as MaRIO DE
[26]

JANEIRO by Mario Testino and a Russell James retrospective. She is the fourth model to
[27] [28]

feature on the cover of Rolling Stone, in which she was named "the most beautiful girl in the
world" in 2000. Also that year Time said she was "one of the few runway models whom straight
[23]
men can name". For spring 2000 fashion week she opened Marc Jacobs, Michael Kors, Dolce
[29]

& Gabbana, Christian Dior, and Valentino shows in New York, Milan, and Paris. From 1998
[30]

2003 Bndchen was in every Dolce & Gabbana fashion campaign, totaling eleven consecutive
campaigns with the brand. In 20062009, she returned as the face of the brand's fragrance, in a
campaign titled "Dolce & Gabbana The One". [31]

In 2000, Bndchen wore the most expensive Victoria's Secret Fantasy bra of all time, the "Red
Hot Fantasy Bra", worth $15 million and listed in Guinness World Records as the most expensive
lingerie ever created. In February 2001 her Got Milk? ad campaign debuted in the 2001 Sports
[32]

Illustrated Swimsuit Issue. Bndchen was invited to host the Brazilian version of the reality-
[33]

show "America's Next Top Model" in 2003, but she refused. According to her sister and public
relations manager, Patricia Bndchen, she did not want to pursue a career on television.
Photographed by Steven Meisel, she was presented on the September 2004 cover of
[34]

American Vogue as one of the "Models of the Moment". In 2004, Bndchen co-starred
[35]

with Queen Latifah and Jimmy Fallon in the 2004 remake of Taxi. In 2005, she was chosen to
wear the Victoria's Secret Fantasy Bra again, the Sexy Splendor Fantasy Bra. At the time, it was
the second-most expensive bra ever made, valued at $12.5 million. In its December 2005
[36]

issue, New York magazine chose and publicized a list of 123 reasons to love New York City, with
reason number 43 being that Bndchen lived there. [37]

In 2006, she played Serena, a minor character in The Devil Wears Prada. In February 2007,
Bndchen returned to the Milan runway by opening and closing Dolce & Gabbana's show. She [30]

was chosen by Time magazine in 2007 as one of the 100 most influential people in the world. In [30]

September 2007, Bndchen was featured on the cover of Vanity Fair's style issue, photographed
by Mario Testino. The issue was one of the bestsellers that year. [30]

20092011: Continued success[edit]

On 26 August 2008, the New York Daily News listed Bndchen as the fourth-most-powerful
person in the fashion world. On 12 May 2009, The Independent called her "the biggest star in
fashion history". When she reappeared on the Vanity Fair cover in 2009, the issue was the
[38]

lowest-selling for the magazine in nearly two years. In 2009 Harper's Bazaar rated her among
[39]

the top 26 greatest models of all time. In December 2009 she appeared alongside her
[40]

husband Tom Brady on the cover of book The World in VoguePeople, Parties, Places. [41]

In 2010, she made Vogue's best-dressed-of-the-decade list for her 2008 and 2009 Met gala
appearances, as well as for her bikini-clad, logo-tattooed appearance in a 2000 fashion editorial.
In April 2010, she was photographed for the cover of American Vogue for the eleventh time.
[20]

In September 2010, she led a group of top models for Vogue's Fashion's Night Out runway
[20]

show at the Lincoln Center in New York. She then made a surprise appearance on Balenciaga's
runway, closing the show. In 2011 she participated and represented Pantene in the Brazilian Rio
[20]

Carnival 2011 parade. [42]

She ranks first on models.com's the Money Girls list and second on The Sexiest Models list. In [43]

2011 CEOWorld Magazine ranked her among their Top Accomplished Women Entertainers.
She was ranked number 95 in FHM magazine's 100 Sexiest Women in the World 2011. In
[44] [45]

2007, Bndchen was named "The World's Richest Supermodel". On 11 April 2008, a black-and-
[46]

white photo of Bndchen shot by Irving Penn was auctioned for US$193,000 (96,000). The
picture was one of dozens from the collection of Gert Elfering that were sold
at Christie's International in New York. Bndchen's picture sold for the highest price. [47][48]
As of 2010, Bndchen has appeared on two Vogue Shape issue covers, more than any other
celebrity or model. She ranked No. 45 in the 2011 FHM Australia list of "100 Sexiest Women
[49]

in the World". In 2011, Men's Health named her one of the "100 Hottest Women of All Time",
[50]

ranking her at No. 25. In October 2011, Bndchen made a surprise runway appearance during
[51]

Paris Fashion Week, closing the Givenchy spring-summer 2012 fashion show. [52]

In 2011, she participated and represented Pantene in the Brazilian Rio Carnival 2011 parade. In
[42]

2011, she appeared on eight Vogue covers, more than any other model or celebrity that year.
Her July Vogue Brasil 2011 cover shot in the Amazon was the magazine's highest-selling issue
[53]

ever, selling 70,743 copies. The record was later broken by model Karolna Kurkov, who
appeared in the November 2011 issue, which sold 70,991 copies. [54]

Since 2012: Modelling campaigns and music endeavours[edit]

In spring 2012 Bndchen won three major spring campaigns: Versace, Givenchy, and Salvatore
Ferragamo. In early 2012, it was announced that she would be the face of Banco do Brasil's
[55]

first global ad campaign, with the tagline "Bank of Brazil. From Brazil to the world. From the
world to Brazil." April 2012 Time listed her on their All-TIME 100 Fashion Icons list of the
[56]

100 most influential fashion icons since 1923. In August 2012, in honor of the 120th
[57]

anniversary of Vogue, the magazine spotlighted the ten women who had most featured on the
cover of the magazine, Bndchen being on the list with 11 covers total. As of 2011, there had
[58]

been 29 persons to have appeared on the covers of Vogue Paris, Vogue Italia,
American Vogue and British Vogue; Bndchen being one of them.

Bndchen in 2014

In 2012, she declined an invitation of the Brazilian Olympic Committee, the COB, to participate
in the closing show alongside other national stars such as Marisa Monte and Seu Jorge. In
[59]

2012, she made 5,600 appearances in commercials in her native Brazil. In August 2012, it was
[60]

reported that she had replaced Kate Moss as the face of David Yurman. She was shot by famous
photographer Peter Lindbergh for the fall 2012 campaign. As of the end of 2012, she had
[61]

appeared on 120 Vogue covers. She also holds the record for the most Brazilian Vogue covers of
all time. [62]
In February 2013, it was announced that she had become the face of Chanel's new make-up
range, Les Beiges, a campaign which was shot by Mario Testino. This was her first time as a
spokesperson of the brand. It was reported later that she beat Rihanna and other celebrities to
[63]

star in the campaign, being chosen by Karl Lagerfeld himself. For the brand's spring/summer
2014 campaign, Marc Jacobs chose Bndchen along with Catherine Deneuve, Sofia
Coppola, Fan Bingbing, Caroline de Maigret and Edie Campbell as his muses for his last
collection for Louis Vuitton. In December 2013, Bndchen was announced as Pantene North
[64]

America's newest ambassador. [65]

In 2014, Bndchen and French music producer and DJ Bob Sinclar recorded a cover version
of Blondie's 1979 classic "Heart of Glass" for H&M. She was credited by her mononym Gisele.
[66]

The new version turned out to be an international hit charting in a great number of European
singles charts including France, Germany, Spain, Austria and Belgium. The song was Bndchen's
charity single for the H&M 2014 campaign. A year earlier, she released a cover version of the
[67]

Kinks "All Day and All of the Night" as her contribution to H&M 2013 charity campaign. [67]

Bndchen at the opening ceremony of the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro.

In May 2014, Bndchen was chosen as the new spokeswoman for the iconic fragrance Chanel
No. 5. She was chosen for her "natural beauty and modern femininity", according to the
company. By June, Bndchen had appeared on 17 different international editions of Elle over
[68]

the preceding three months, including the Brazilian, German, Italian, Canadian, Japanese and
Chinese editions. September 2014 Baltimore-based company, Under Armour, signed Bndchen
[69]

to a multiyear deal as the latest addition to its list of female endorsers. In October 2014, [70]

Bndchen stated that she practices Transcendental Meditation. By the end of 2014, Bndchen
[71][72]

appeared in 6,013 television commercial spots in the course of one year in Brazil. More than any
other Brazilian celebrity, even outranking Neymar who made 5,625 TV commercial spots. [73]

Bndchen was featured in the 2015 Guinness World Record book as the model who earns the
most money each year. [74]

Bndchen's $700 Taschen book released in celebration of her 20th year career sold out in one
day, before hitting shelves. [75]
In 2015, Bndchen again was the Brazilian celeb who appeared on the most TV commercials in
Brazil, with 8527 commercial spots for brands such as; (Carolina Herrera, Colcci, P & G and
Sky). [76]

As of 2015, in 20 years Bndchen has appeared in more than 550 ad campaigns, over 2000
magazine covers,over 3500 magazine editorials, and appeared in more than 800 fashion shows
throughout her career. [77]

Coming out of retirement, her latest catwalk was performed on August 5, 2016, at the
[78]

famed Maracan Stadium at the opening ceremony of the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de
Janeiro. [79][80]

Reception[edit]

Bndchen in 2004

In September 2000, Newsweek drew attention to a craze for modeling in Brazil because of
Bndchen's success:
Capricho, a glossy teen magazine, recently asked 1,100 Brazilian teenagers if they wanted to
become fashion models. Eighty-six percent said yes.
The reason for this craze stands 1.77 meters tall and has smoldering blue eyes. Her name is
Gisele Bundchenknown to all as Giseleand she is the most celebrated Brazilian since Pele.
First introduced by designer Alexander McQueen two years ago, Gisele, now 20, is the world's
top cover girl, taking to more than 1,600 catwalks and earning a reported $7,000 an hour. When
she struts her trademark runway walksassy and high-stepping, like a filly in tall grasshearts
beat faster from Milan to Manhattan. She has become an international icon: Vogue put the
Brazilian bombshell on its cover three times last year and in December crowned her "Model of
the Year." [81]
Bndchen pioneered the "horse walk", a stomping movement created when a model picks her
knees up high and kicks her feet out in front.[9]

As of 2014, she is listed by Forbes as the 89th most powerful woman in the world. [82]

Bndchen is #2 biggest Brazilian celeb of 2015 according to Forbes Brasil, based on media
presence and overall influence in Brazil.
[83]

Public image[edit]

Bndchen in 2006

In 2000, Bndchen was dubbed the "Boobs from Brazil" for inspiring the 36,000 breast
enhancement surgeries performed that year in Brazil. In 2006, Elle surveyed the American
[84]

leading stylists and asked them to name the star whose hair was a favourite for their clients.
More than 50 percent gave Bndchen the title of best hair in Hollywood. In February 2008, a
[85]

survey by the International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ISAPS) asked the question,
"What influences do celebrities have on the decisions patients make?". The survey was sent to
more than 20,000 plastic surgeons in 84 countries. Bndchen was among the most frequently
mentioned celebrities. Bndchen won the abdomen and hair categories and took second place in
the breasts category. 2008 saw a black-and-white photo of Bndchen, shot by Irving Penn,
[86]
auctioned for $193,000 (96,000) alongside images of other models and celebrities,
including Carla Bruni. Bndchen's fetched by far the most on the night. [87]

She was voted second place on Vanity Fair's World's Most Beautiful poll in 2009. In January [88]

2011, Bndchen came in first in the most desired female body on the 14th Annual Famed Hottest
Looks survey, compiled by Beverly Hills plastic surgeons Richard Fleming and Toby Mayer.
Even after giving birth in December 2009, her body was the most requested by the doctors'
patients. "Different body types are represented on the list because most women are shaped
differently and want to look naturally beautiful," explained Dr. Fleming. "Some women want the
lean look like Gisele [...]." [89]

Carles Puyol, representing the Spanish team from 2010, at the 2014 FIFA World Cup Final alongside Bndchen

In 2011, AskMen.com revealed their annual "Most Desirable Women" list. Bndchen, along
with Angelina Jolie and Beyonc, are the only women to have made the list every year for ten
years in a row. Beyonc in a 2011 Harper's Bazaar interview named Bndchen as one of her
[90]

fashion inspirations stating that "I always admire Victoria Beckham and Gisele [Bndchen].
Their style is modern but always classic." A designer from the Tibi Spring/Summer 2012
[91]

fashion show at New York Fashion week in fall 2011 explained, "The inspiration is taken heavily
from the '90sa freshly scrubbed Gisele from the pages of Vogueclean, crisp, sporty looks
and relaxed styles you want to live in." Vogue editor Anna Wintour called her the "model of the
[92]

millennium," and the magazine called her "The return of the sexy model". Rolling Stone declared
her "The Most Beautiful Girl in the World" in 2000 and Vanity Fair published an article titled
"... And God Created Gisele" in 2009. In 2012, the 26th edition of Casa Cor in Brazil, one of
[20]

the worlds biggest decorating, landscaping, and architecture events, paid tribute to Bndchen
with a wood sculpture in her image. She was ranked No. 9 on Men's Health Magazine's list of
[93]

The Hottest Women of 2013. In 2013 GQ Magazine listed her among The 100 Hottest Women
[94]

of the 21st Century. [95]

Bndchen is ranked No. 4, behind Pel, Paulo Coelho and Neymar on Forbes Brasil's list of the
100 most influential Brazilian celebrities. [96]

In May 2014, Bndchen was ranked #89 on Forbe's 100 Most Powerful Women in the world list
from the success of her various brands. She is the only model on the list. [97]

In November 2014, Bndchen was ranked #5 by Forbes Brasil, as the 25 biggest celebrities in
Brasil in 2014. [98]

After Super Bowl 49, Rails LA shirt Bndchen wore sold out in two days and Stuart Weitzman
boots she wore saw an increase in sales. [99][100]
Based on media presence and overall influence, Bndchen ranked #2 biggest Brazilian celeb in
2015, according to Forbes Brasil. [100][101]

Criticism[edit]
In November 2002, Bndchen was paid a reported 320,000 and given two black mink coats by
American fur company Blackglama to head its new advertising campaign. Activists
from PETA (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals), invaded the runway during the
Victoria's Secrets show in New York and brandished placards saying "Gisele: fur scum". The
Brazilian was one of the most prominent models to wear fur since it began to come back into
acceptability in fashion circles. A PETA spokesperson said: "By getting into bed with the fur-
pushers Gisele has become PETA enemy number one. Every time that Gisele or anyone else
wears furs they are sentencing countless animals to a violent and cruel death." [102]

In August 2010, she was criticized after saying that breastfeeding should be law. She
told Harper's Bazaar UK, "Some people here [in the U.S.] think they don't have to breastfeed,
and I think 'Are you going to give chemical food to your child when they are so little?'...I think
there should be a worldwide law, in my opinion, that mothers should breastfeed their babies for
six months." Bndchen posted a statement on her own blog "My intention in making a
[103]

comment about the importance of breastfeeding has nothing to do with the law," she said. "It
comes from my passionate beliefs about children. Being a new mom has brought a lot of
questions. I feel like I am in a constant search for answers on what might be the best for my
child. It's unfortunate that in an interview sometimes things can seem so black and white." [104]

In February 2011, she infuriated cancer experts when she said of sunscreen: "I cannot put this
poison on my skin...I do not use anything synthetic." The statement was made as she launched
her own organic skin care line Sejaa. Bndchen has made advertising for Nivea Sun in the
[105][106]

past. Bndchen's publicist Amber Clapp, added, telling StyleList: "Gisele would never say not
[107]

to use sunscreen because she has had family members who have had skin cancer. She simply
stated that her all-natural skin-care line does not have SPF because there is not an all natural SPF
available....When using sunscreens, she selects ones that are free of parabens, oxybenzone,
PABA and retinyl palmitate." [108]

In April 2011, Ted Southern, former designer of Victoria's Secret Angels' wings, revealed that
Gisele was difficult to work with; "She's really tough," he said. "She's always screaming, 'What
the f--k is this?'".[109]

In September 2011, a lingerie TV ad starring Bndchen in Brazil, was deemed "offensive and
sexist" by the Brazilian government department for policies for women, which called for the ad
to be banned, saying in a statement that the campaign "reinforce the wrong stereotypes of the
woman as a husband's mere sex object and ignore the great advances we've achieved in
deconstructing sexist thoughts and practices." The secretariat petitioned the National Council for
Advertising Self-Regulation (known by its Portuguese acronym Conar), to open an investigation
into whether the campaign was sexist, and Conar accepted the request. In the ads, titled "Hope
[110]

teaches", the model gives her husband bad news such as "honey, I've crashed the car" or "honey,
I've reached the credit card limit both mine and yours" first fully dressed (which they teach
viewers is wrong), then wearing tiny lingerie (which, according to Hope, is right). Women were
taught to use their charm and sexy lingerie to control their husbands in the ads. [111]
In February 2012, after the Patriots lost in Super Bowl XLVI and Bndchen was heckled by
several New York Giants fans, she was caught on video saying, "My husband cannot fucking
throw the ball and catch the ball at the same time!" The comment, which was widely
[112][113]

publicized both in the traditional media and the blogosphere, caused a media stir.
[114][115] [116][117] [118]

Endorsements[edit]

Bndchen in 2006

After C&A Brazil hired Bndchen as a spokesmodel and began airing television commercials,
sales increased by 30 per cent. In 2012 The Hollywood Reporter stated Bndchen became
[119]

C&A's biggest booster in Brazil and even helped with European sales. In 2001, Bndchen [120]

launched Ipanema Gisele Bndchen, her own line of flip-flop sandals in association with the
[121]

official Ipanema brand of flip-flops. In three years, sales topped $30 million, with a portion of
proceeds going to green causes. Forbes put her 53rd on their 2007 list of the most powerful
[20]

celebrities. Ipanema Gisele Bndchen made an estimated 152 million with over 250 million
[122]

pairs sold in 2010. Bndchen told Vitals magazine in 2005 that she has been involved in
[123]

business and investing in real estate since she was 18 years old. She has said modeling is only 40
per cent of what she does, the rest being contracting. On 1 May 2007, it was announced that
[124]

Bndchen had ended her contract with Victoria's Secret. According to a stock market analysis [125]

in 2007, when Bndchen terminated her agreement with Victoria's Secret, which is owned
by Limited Brands, Limited was selling for $26.80 per share. Soon thereafter, the stock declined
to $18.36 per share, a 31.5% drop. [126]

American economist Fred Fuld developed a stock index to measure the profit performance
improvement of companies represented by Bndchen compared with the Dow Jones Industrial
Average. According to Fuld, the Gisele Bndchen Stock Index was up 15 per cent between May
and July 2007, substantially surpassing the Dow Jones Industrial Average, which was up just
8.2%. In 2010, Bndchen introduced her own skin care product line, named Sejaa Pure
[127][128]

Skincare, which according to Forbes had been in talks with Shiseido for over a year on an
acquisition deal. In early 2011, Procter & Gamble's Pantene shampoo sales increased 40 per
[129][130]

cent in Latin America after Bndchen started representing the product. Edward Razek, chief [131]

marketing officer of Limited Brands, who worked with Bndchen during her Victoria's Secret
career says, "She's an international icon who can also move product, from shampoo to
couture." The lingerie brand "HOPE" increased turnover by 40 per cent after contracting
[132][133]

Bndchen as its representative. According to Grazia daily UK in January 2012, her lingerie
[134]
label "Gisele Bundchen Brazilian Intimates", has already proved to be a sell out in Latin
America, Portugal, Japan, and Israel. [135]

In February 2012 the website Vogue.it stated "the Brazilian model is the King Midas of fashion.
Everything she touches turns to gold and companies that have invested in her have reaped the
rewards." An Esprit public awareness campaign featuring Bndchen helped raise consumer
[136]

awareness of the Esprit brand, with a 9 percent rise in Germany, and a 19 percent rise in China.
She was ranked No. 61 on Forbes' Most Powerful Celebrities list in 2012. In May 2012 she
[137] [138]

was ranked fourth on the World's Most Powerful Latino Celebrity list by Forbes. [139]

In 2013 she ranked No. 5 among the most successful Brazilian Business Women
list. Forbes reported that, the products that bear her name... in Brazil including Grendene's
Ipanema sandals. She has her own lingerie line called Gisele Bundchen Intimates. She still
collects big fees to lend her image for the likes of Chanel, David Yurman and P&G. [140]

The brand of products for teeth Oral B Brasil grew considerably since hiring Bndchen. She
takes home $4 million a year from her Procter & Gamble contract. [141]

Bndchen's jelly sandals Ipanema by Gisele Bundchen sell as much as 25 million pairs annually
and accounted for more than 60% of Grendenes annual exports of about $250 million in 2013. [142]

February 2014, it was documented that the Gisele Bundchen stock index was still outperforming
the Dow industrial average, up by 93%. [143]

May 2015 Brazilian magazine Istoe Gente reported that Bndchen's line of INtimates, Gisele
Bundchen INtimates has been lucrative. "As of May 2015 especially in e-commerce, it was
recorded to have an increase of 181% in one year. We went from 30,000 visitors per month to
100,000," says Vanda Dias, e-commerce manager for Hope, which manages the top brand. [144]

In 2016, Bndchen signed with Braziian shoe company Arezzo. According to fashion website
glamurama, Bndchen made shares of Arezzo go up on the So Paulo Stock Exchange. [145]

In 2016, CEO of Under Armour Kevin Plank mentioned that Under Armour's women's brand was
the number one selling category with ecommerce, and that's growing more rapidly than either
men's or the youth category. A large part of this growth was by using what Plank called
"personalities" namely star ballerina Misty Copeland and Bndchen. [146]

Philanthropy[edit]
Charitable activities[edit]
Bndchen in 2006

Bndchen donated $150,000 to Brazil's Zero Hunger program. She designed a limited necklace
edition for Harper's Bazaar, crafted by jewelers Gumuchian Fils. These necklaces were sold to
raise money for St. Jude Children's Research Hospital. She contributed an autographed iPod
loaded with a personal playlist to be auctioned off, with all proceeds benefiting Music Rising, a
campaign founded in 2005 to replace lost or destroyed instruments of musicians in the Gulf
Coast Region after hurricane disasters. In 2006, Bndchen became the face of American
[147]

Express Red, part of the Product Red initiative. A portion of earnings from this credit card are
donated to HIV/AIDS victims in Africa. In 2009, she appeared on 30 covers of the
[148]

international issues of Elle wearing Product Red clothing and posing with products from
companies who support the same cause. [149][150]

She has helped raise money for cancer research and treatment, victims of Hurricane Katrina,
[151]

and the 2011 Thoku earthquake and tsunami for which she donated a check for $1 million to
[152]

the earthquake fund created by the Japanese Red Cross Society sending $250,000 to the Pacific
Tsunami Fund and Save the Children and another $250,000 to a Japanese Red Cross earthquake
fund. Bndchen opened The Luz Foundation in 2007, a grant-making organization advocating
[153]

the empowerment of young girls. She donates a percentage of her earnings to help with their
projects. In 2008 Bndchen auctioned a collection of diamonds for charity. The collection
[154]

featured a 6-carat diamond ring worth $120,000 $150,000, and a 3.35-carat Sabbadini diamond
ring worth $15,000 $20,000. A percentage of the proceeds from the auction went to Russell
Simmons' Diamond Empowerment Fund, whose mission is to raise money to support education
initiatives in countries where diamonds are a natural resource. In 2010 she wrote a $1.5 million
[155]

check to the Red Cross to aid the relief effort in Haiti after seeing the devastation done by the
earthquake. [156]

Bndchen made a surprise visit to patients at Jimmy Fund Clinic at the DanaFarber Cancer
Institute in Boston. In 2011, Bndchen was added to The Giving Back Fund's list of celebs
[157]

who made the largest donations to charity. In June 2012 she helped launch a beauty contest in
[158]

Brazil, Top Kufa Brazil, to find new faces in Brazilian favelas. This was the first national
competition of beauty played exclusively by candidates between 18 and 22 years who live in
underserved communities, created by the Central Union of Slums and Pantene, the brand which
Bndchen is the face of. [159]

Bndchen ranked No. 15 on Forbes's 30 most generous celebrities list in 2012. [160]

On 26 December 2013, Bndchen surprised Karina Moreira, a local Boston teen at her home,
who is battling bone cancer. Before then, they had met once, two years ago at a Dana Farber
event. Moreira and Bndchen talked about fashion and shared makeup tips. [161]

As of April 2014, Bndchen is one of 22 designers to design a collection for the charity Born
Free Africa, an exclusive collaboration from Shopbop, Vogue, and 22 designers. 100% of the
profits from this women's and children's collection will go toward Born Free's mission to end
mother-to-child HIV transmission at birth. [162]

Environmental work[edit]
Bndchen in 2006

Bndchen dedicates part of her website to environmental issues. She launched a "green" blog in
2008 with the aim of "reflecting on socio-environmental issues that we can do something about".
In May 2009, she co-hosted the Rainforest Alliance's annual gala to honor leaders in
sustainability. Bndchen has also supported a variety of environmental causes, including clean
[163]

water initiatives, environmental sustainability, and preservation of South

[20] [20]

American rainforests. In 2007 she took part in eBay Giving Works, eBay's program dedicated
[164]

to charity listings online auction for the WWF, with 100% of the proceeds going to the World
Wildlife Fund's global conservation initiatives, especially those involved in the fight against
climate change. In 2008 she appeared on the cover of US magazine American Photo to
[165]

promote her Forests of the Future project for the reforestation of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest.
The initiative, which was set up with SOS Mata Atlantica in 2004, has planted over 1 million
new trees in Bndchen's name to start reforestation of the Brazilian rainforests. In May 2011
[166]

Bndchen was named Harvard's 2011 Global Environmental Citizen in recognition of her eco-
efforts. In November 2011, she was awarded Greenest Celebrity at the 2011 International
[167]

Green awards at the National History Museum of London. Each year the Green Awards honors a
celebrity who has been the most creative and innovative in the approach of sustainability of the
environment. An online public vote took place and Bndchen was the winner, beating Paul
McCartney and Miguel Bose. In 2016, she joined the climate change documentary show Years
[168]

of Living Dangerously as one of its celebrity correspondents. [169]

Goodwill ambassador[edit]
In 2008 Bndchen and Brady dished out turkey and all the trimmings unannounced to over 400
job trainees in Roxbury Massachusetts for Goodwill Industries International. On 20 September
[170]

2009, she was designated Goodwill Ambassador for the United Nations Environment
Programme (UNEP). In January 2012, Bndchen made her first official visit to Africa as
[171]

UNEP Goodwill Ambassador. Bndchen chooses a different charity each year to which
[172]

proceeds of sales from her sandals are donated. The 2011 donation went to ISA the Socio-
environmental Institute. In January 2012, Bndchen visited Kenya on a goodwill mission to
[173]

improve energy poverty. She spent a day with a family in a village in Kisumu County and helped
them with tasks such as carrying firewood to their hut while discussing the dangers of using
firewood inside homes that do not have energy. She danced with the locals and visited various
homes, as well as teaming up with UK NGO Practical Action during the course of her stay. [174]

In April 2012 she donated money for AIDS research. On the eve of World Environment
[175] [176]

Day 4 June 2012, Bndchen, who is Goodwill Ambassador of the UNEP (United Nations
Environment Programme), went to Rio de Janeiro to plant the first of a series of 50,000 trees in a
degraded area. [177]

In January 2014, Bndchen joined the Rainforest Alliance board of directors. [178]

Personal life[edit]
Bndchen married Tom Brady in 2009 and they have two children.

From 1998 to 1999, Bndchen dated American model, Scott Barnhill. From November 1999 [179][180]

to February 2000, she dated Brazilian businessman Joo Paulo Diniz. In 2000, she had a brief [181]

relationship with American actor Josh Hartnett. From 2000 to 2005, Bndchen was in a
[182]

relationship with American actor Leonardo DiCaprio. In 2004, Bndchen and DiCaprio
[183]

made People's annual Most Beautiful Couples List. Bndchen dated Brazilian businessman
[184]

and polo player Rico Mansur for six months between 2002 and 2003, after Bndchen and
DiCaprio broke up for the first time. In 2006, she dated American surfer Kelly Slater.
[185] [186]

Family[edit]
Bndchen began dating New England Patriots quarterback Tom Brady in December 2006. In [187]

2009, Brady revealed they had been set up on a blind date by a mutual friend. Bndchen and [188]

Brady married on 26 February 2009 in a small Catholic ceremony at St. Monica Catholic Church
in Santa Monica, California. In April 2009, the couple held a second marriage ceremony, in
[189]

Costa Rica. Bndchen and Brady have two children, a son born in 2009
[190]
and a daughter [191][192]

born in 2012. In 2010, Bndchen told Harper's Bazaar how important breastfeeding is for her.
[193]

[194][195]

Bndchen and Brady's Los Angeles home uses solar energy, a gray water system, lighting
systems that reduce energy consumption, a rainwater recovery system, and waste reduction and
recycling programs. The house uses recovered stone, wood, insulation, household appliances
with a green seal and other sustainable products, and 80% of the construction waste was reused
or recycled. Subsequently, the family bought a $14 million condominium at One
[196]

Madison in Manhattan in October 2013. They are building another home near Boston. [197]

Wealth[edit]
Forbes estimated Bndchen's 2016 income at $30.5 million. [198]

In August 2011, Bndchen ranked 60th on the Forbes list of The World's 100 Most Powerful
Women. She ranked third on The 20 Youngest Power Women of 2011 List at age 31. In
[199] [200]

2011 Forbes named Bndchen and Brady as the World's Highest Paid Celebrity couple,
beating Brad Pitt and Angelina Jolie as well as Beyonc and Jay-Z. In August 2012 she was [201]

one of four people in the fashion industry and the only model to be ranked on the Forbes list of
"The World's Most Powerful Women" at No. 83. She ranked in the top 10 of the Forbes list of
"Entertainment's Highest-Paid Women" in 2012, at No. 8. [202]

In July 2007 Forbes named her the world's top-earning model. By 2008, she continued to [203]

dominate the Forbes list of the world's highest-earning models, and appeared on the magazine's
list of the Top 20 Richest Women in Entertainment. During 20092010, she was the top earning
[20]

supermodel. In 2010, she retained the top spot as Forbes's highest-earning model. In May
[204] [20]

2011, Forbes ranked her as the world's top-earning model for the fifth consecutive time. Her
earnings climbed over the previous year, thanks to an economic boom in Brazil, coupled with a
10 per cent surge in the value of the Brazilian real against the dollar. Also in 2013 she ranked
[132]

No. 3 on the 16 most successful female entrepreneurs list by Forbes. [205]

Bndchen, however, disputes the number telling WSJ. magazine in November 2013, "Who are
they speaking to when they come up with these numbers? Not my accountant, that's for sure." [206]

Filmography[edit]
Film

Yea
Title Role Notes
r

NominatedTeen Choice Award for Choice Movie Breakout Performance

Vaness
2004 Taxi - Female
a
NominatedTeen Choice Award for Choice Movie Villain

The Devil Wears

2006 Serena
Prada

2008 Corao Vagabundo Herself Documentary

Television

Year Title Role Notes

1996 MTV al Dente Presenter Season 3

201011 Gisele & the Green Team Gisele Voice (Portuguese version); Also executive producer

Discography[edit]
Singles[edit]
List of singles, with selected chart positions and certifications
 Albu
Peak chart positions
m

Title Year
US
AUT BEL FRA GER HUN POL SPA Danc
[207] [208] [209] [210] [211] [212] [213]
e
[214]

"All Day and All of the Night"[215] 2013 39

Non-
album
singles
"Heart of Glass"[216] 2014 63 66 31 73 31 31 27
(with Bob Sinclar)

"" denotes releases that did not chart or were not released in that territory.

Music videos[edit]
List of music videos, showing director

Title Year Director

"All Day and All of the Night" 2013 Amir Chamdin[217]

"Heart of Glass" 2014 N/A

Awards and nominations[edit]

Year Award Nominated work Category Result Ref.

Choice Movie: Female Breakout Star Nominated

2005 Teen Choice Awards Taxi

Choice Movie: Villain Nominated

2006 Premios Juventud Fashion and Image: Supermodel Nominated

Nominated
2007 Premios Juventud Fashion and Image: Supermodel
 5.) KIRAN MAZUMDAR-SHAW
Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw (born 23 March 1953) is an Indian entrepreneur.[3] She is the chairman and managing
director of Biocon Limited, a biotechnology company based in Bangalore (Bengaluru), India[4] and the
chairperson of IIM-Bangalore.[5] In 2014, she was awarded the Othmer Gold Medal, for outstanding
contributions to the progress of science and chemistry.[6][7][8][9][10] She is on the Financial Times top 50 women in
business list.[11] As of 2015, she was listed as the 85th most powerful woman in the world by Forbes.[12]At
present in 2016, she has been listed one more time in "Forbes" - the most powerful woman in the world at 77th
position.

Contents
[hide]

1Early life and education

2Biocon

o 2.1Beginning with enzymes

o 2.2Expanding into biopharmaceuticals

o 2.3Establishing independence

o 2.4Affordable innovation

3Philanthropic activities

o 3.1Health

3.1.1Arogya Raksha Yojana

3.1.2Mazumdar-Shaw Medical Foundation

o 3.2Education

o 3.3Infrastructure

4Board memberships

5Awards and honours

o 5.1International awards

o 5.2Indian awards

o 5.3Honorary degrees

6References

7External links
Early life and education[edit]
Kiran Mazumdar was born to Gujarati parents in Bangalore, India.[13] She went to school at Bangalore's Bishop
Cotton Girl's High School, graduating in 1968. She then attended Mount Carmel College, Bangalore, a
women's college offering pre-university courses as an affiliate of Bangalore University. She studied biology and
zoology, graduating from Bangalore University with a bachelor's degree in Zoology in 1973.[14][15][16] Mazumdar
hoped to go to medical school, but did not obtain a scholarship. [17]
Her father, Rasendra Mazumdar, was the head brewmaster at United Breweries. He suggested that she
study fermentation science, and train to be a brewmaster, a very non-traditional field for a woman. [17] Mazumdar
went to Federation University (Formerly known as University of Ballarat) in Australia to study Malting and
Brewing. In 1974 she was the only woman enrolled in the brewing course, and the top of her class. [18] She
earned the degree of master brewer in 1975. [1][15][18]
She worked as a trainee brewer in Carlton and United Breweries, Melbourne and as a trainee maltster at
Barrett Brothers and Burston, Australia. She also worked for some time as a technical consultant at Jupiter
Breweries Limited, Calcutta and as a technical manager at Standard Maltings Corporation, Baroda between
1975 and 1977.[15][19] However, when she investigated the possibility of further work in Bangalore or Delhi, she
was told that she would not be hired as a master brewer in India because "It's a man's work." [20]:152153 [21] She
began to look abroad, and was offered a position in Scotland. [20]:154[22]:108

Biocon[edit]
External video

"I managed to do things with a

lot of common sense, a lot of

determination, and a lot of foolish

courage", Women in

Chemistry, Chemical Heritage

Foundation

"We started first

opportunistically developing

enzymes but then later on we

looked at industry needs and

industry opportunities and then we

started strategizing", History

 Live, Chemical Heritage Foundation

Before Mazumdar could move, she met Leslie Auchincloss, founder of Biocon Biochemicals Limited, of Cork,
Ireland. Auchincloss's company produced enzymes for use in the brewing, food-packaging and textile
industries. Auchincloss was looking for an Indian entrepreneur to help establish an Indian subsidiary.
[20]:154
Mazumdar agreed to undertake the job on the condition that if she did not wish to continue after six months
she would be guaranteed a brewmaster's position comparable to the one she was giving up. [22]:108

Beginning with enzymes[edit]

After a brief period as a trainee manager at Biocon Biochemicals Limited, of Cork, Ireland, to learn more about
the business, Kiran Mazumdar Shaw returned to India.[22]:109 She started Biocon India in 1978 in the garage of
her rented house in Bengaluru with a seed capital of Rs. 10,000. [23] Although it was a joint venture, Indian laws
restricted foreign ownership to 30% of the company. The remaining 70% belonged to Kiran Mazumdar Shaw. [24]
Initially, she faced credibility challenges because of her youth, gender and her untested business model.
Funding was a problem: no bank wanted to lend to her, and some requested that her father be a guarantor. A
chance meeting with a banker at a social event finally enabled her to get her first financial backing.
[20]:156[21]:104[22]:109
She also found it difficult to recruit people to work for her start-up. Her first employee was a retired
garage mechanic.[17] Her first factory was in a nearby 3,000-square-foot shed.[20]:154 The most complicated piece
of equipment in her lab at that time was a spectrophotometer.[25] As well, she faced the technological challenges
associated with trying to build a biotech business in a country with a shaky infrastructure. [20]:156[21]:114 Uninterrupted
power, superior quality water, sterile labs, imported research equipment, and workers with advanced scientific
skills were not easily available in India at the time. [26]
The company's initial projects were the extraction of papain (an enzyme from papaya used to tenderize meat)
and isinglass (obtained from tropical catfish and used to clarify beer). [21]:104 Within a year of its inception, Biocon
India was able to manufacture enzymes and to export them to the US and Europe, the first Indian company to
do so.[20]:156 At the end of her first year, Mazumdar used her earnings to buy a 20-acre property, dreaming of
future expansion.[17]

Expanding into biopharmaceuticals[edit]

Mazumdar spearheaded Biocon's evolution from an industrial enzymes manufacturing company to a fully
integrated bio-pharmaceutical company with a well-balanced business portfolio of products and a research
focus on diabetes, oncology and auto-immune diseases. [27][28] She also established two subsidiaries: Syngene
(1994) which provides early research and development support services on a contract basis and Clinigene
(2000) which focuses on clinical research trials and the development of both generic and new
medicines.Clinigene was later merged with Syngene. Syngene was listed on BSE/NSE in 2015 and has a
current market cap of US$1.15 billion.[19][20]:158[21]:106[22]:111[29]:211212
Mazumdar is responsible for establishing Biocon's direction. As early as 1984, she began to develop a
research and development team at Biocon, focusing on discovery of novel enzymes and on development of
novel techniques for solid substrate fermentation technology.[30]:3031 The company's first major expansion came
in 1987, when Narayanan Vaghul of ICICI Ventures (Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India)
supported creation of a venture capital fund of US$250,000. [22]:113 The money enabled Biocon to expand its
research and development efforts. They built a new plant featuring proprietary solid substrate fermentation
technology based on a semi-automated tray culture process, inspired by Japanese techniques. [20]:156[22]:110[30] In
1989, Biocon became the first Indian biotech company to receive US funding for proprietary technologies. [20]:158
In 1990, Mazumdar incorporated Biocon Biopharmaceuticals Private Limited (BBLP) to manufacture and
market a select range of biotherapeutics in a joint venture with the Cuban Center of Molecular Immunology.[20]:158

Establishing independence[edit]
Biocon Biochemicals of Ireland was acquired from Leslie Auchincloss by Unilever in 1989.[31]:50 The partnership
with Unilever helped Biocon to establish global best practices and quality systems. [25] In 1997, Unilever sold its
specialty chemicals division, including Biocon, to Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI).[24] In 1998, Kiran
Mazumdar's fiance, Scotsman John Shaw, personally raised $2 million to purchase the outstanding Biocon
shares from ICI.[22]:106[32] The couple married in 1998, whereupon she became known as Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw.
John Shaw left his position as chairman at Madura Coats to join Biocon. [33] He became Biocons vice chairman
in 2001.[17]
In 2004, after seeking the advice of Narayana Murthy, Mazumdar-Shaw decided to list Biocon on the stock
market.[22]:114 Her intent was to raise capital to further develop Biocon's research programs. Biocon was the first
biotechnology company in India to issue an IPO. [20]:159 Biocon's IPO was oversubscribed 33 times and its first day
at the bourses closed with a market value of $1.11 billion, [20]:159 making Biocon only the second Indian company
to cross the $1-billion mark on the first day of listing. [34]

Affordable innovation[edit]
Mazumdar-Shaw's belief in "affordable innovation" has been a driving philosophy behind Biocon's expansion.
Inspired by the need for affordable drugs in less-wealthy countries, she has looked for opportunities to develop
cost-effective techniques and lower-cost alternatives. [34][35] She has also proposed that drug companies be cost-
sensitive in marketing to developing countries, so that people can afford the drugs they need, particularly
chronic therapies.[20][35]
Mazumdar-Shaw noticed the market potential for statins (cholesterol fighting drugs) early on. When the patent
of the cholesterol-lowering drug lovastatin expired in 2001, Biocon got involved in its development. Then they
expanded to other forms of statins. Part of her strategy was to enter into long-term supply contracts,
establishing a dependable market base over time. Statins soon accounted for over 50 per cent of the
company's revenue.[13] The companys revenue went up from Rs. 70 crore in 1998, to Rs. 500 crore in 2004
when it went public.[34]
Biocon continues to expand into new areas. Yeast expression platforms offer a desirable alternative to
mammalian cell cultures for the genetic manipulation of cells for use in a variety of drug treatments. Unicellular
methylotrophic yeasts such as Pichia pastoris are used in the production of vaccines, antibody
fragments, hormones, cytokines, matrix proteins, and biosimilars.[36]
Biocon's major areas of research now include cancer, diabetes, and other auto-immune diseases such
as rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis.[22][37] Because of the high percentage of people in India who chew betel or
tobacco, India accounts for eighty-six per cent of oral cancer in the world, known locally as "cancer cheek". [38]
[39]
Diabetes is prevalent, and people who do not wear shoes are at risk to have a minor scrape or injury develop
into gangrene, or "diabetes foot".[38][39] Biocon is also working on drugs to treat psoriasis, a skin pigment disease
which can result in social ostracization.[38]
Bio-pharmaceuticals developed include Pichia-derived recombinant human insulin and insulin analogs for
diabetes, an Anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody for head and neck cancer, and a biologic for psoriasis.[35] Biocon is
Asia's largest insulin producer,[40] and has the largest perfusion-based antibody production facilities. [41]
As of 2014, Biocon directed about 10% of its revenue back into research and development, a much higher
proportion than most Indian pharmacological companies.[42] Biocon has filed at least 950 patent applications as
a result of its research activity.[42] Mazumdar-Shaw has actively engaged in acquisitions, partnerships and in-
licensing within the pharmaceuticals and bio-pharmaceutical area, entering into more than 2,200 high-value
R&D licensing and other deals between 2005 and 2010. [34]

Philanthropic activities[edit]
In 2004, Mazumdar-Shaw started a corporate social responsibility wing at Biocon, the Biocon Foundation. The
Foundation focuses on the areas of health, education and infrastructure, especially in rural areas
of Karnataka which lack healthcare facilities.[34]
Mazumdar-Shaw dislikes the term "philanthropy", believing that it often provides temporary fixes rather than
changing underlying conditions.[38] She prefers the term "compassionate capitalist", believing that properly
applied business models can provide an ongoing foundation for sustainable social progress. "Innovation and
commerce are as powerful tools for creating social progress as they are for driving technological
advancement... when they are put to use for social progress, the implementation is a lot cheaper, a lot more
people benefit, and the effect is more lasting."[43] In 2015, she joined The Giving Pledge, promising that at least
half of her wealth will be dedicated to philanthropy.[44]

Health[edit]
India does not have organized health care programs such as socialised medicine or government-backed health
insurance.[43] Rural areas may have only one doctor for every two thousand people: it is estimated that 70
million people do not have the money to pay for a doctor's visit or for medicine. [45] The Biocon Foundation is
involved in numerous health and education outreach programs to benefit the economically weaker sections of
Indian society.[34]

Arogya Raksha Yojana[edit]

With Devi Shetty of Narayana Hrudayalaya Hospital, Mazumdar-Shaw has supported the development
of Arogya Raksha Yojana (Disease Protection Program/Health Help).[21]Through this program Biocon
Foundation establishes clinics to offer clinical care, generic medicines and basic tests for those who cannot
afford them.[43][46] As of 2010, seven clinics each served a population of 50,000 patients living within a radius of
10 km, treating in total more than 300,000 people per year.[19] Clinics organize regular general health checks in
remote villages by bringing in physicians and doctors from network hospitals. To improve early detection of
cancer, they have trained young women as community health workers, using smart phones to send
photographs of suspicious lesions to oncologists at the cancer center.[39][47] Public health campaigns such as
"Queen of Heart" educate people about specific health issues and promote early detection of problems such as
cardiovascular disease.[48]
The clinics operate on a model of micro-financed health insurance. [21] Biocon provides low-cost drugs, making a
negligible profit on a unit basis, but an overall profit on volume due to the participation of large numbers of
people.[45] Clinics also use a "subsidised convenience" pricing plan, under which more wealthy patrons pay full
price in return for the convenience of scheduling their visits and procedures at desirable times, while poorer
patients can obtain cheap or even free services by choosing less desirable times. [43]Doctors and researchers
look for opportunities to use cutting-edge technology in ways that will drive down costs and ensure quality of
service.[45]

Mazumdar-Shaw Medical Foundation[edit]

The death of her best friend, Nilima Rovshen, and the illnesses of her husband and her mother with cancer,
have motivated Mazumdar-Shaw to support cancer research and treatment. [2] In 2009, she established a 1,400-
bed cancer care center, the Mazumdar-Shaw Medical Foundation, at the Narayana Health City campus in
Bangalore, collaborating with Devi Shetty of Narayana Hrudayalaya.[49] In 2011, she added a center for
advanced therapeutics with a bone marrow transplant unit and a research center.[50] Her goal is to create a
world-class cancer center.[38][39]
Mazumdar Shaw Medical Foundation is a non-profitable organization and has two arms to support its cause,
which are Mazumdar Shaw Center for Translational Research and Mazumdar Shaw Cancer outreach program.
Mazumdar Shaw Medical Foundation is set to improve the health of the community by setting a standard of
excellence in research and community outreach programs. MSMF pushes the boundaries of discovery,
transforms healthcare and creates hope for humanity. MSMF will deliver the promise of good health through
breakthrough research, treatment innovation, and philanthropy. MSMF employs world-class researchers who
develop and test the effectiveness of new cancer therapies. This unique bench-to-bedside approach to cancer
research and patient care can only be found in a distinguished center, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Foundation.

Education[edit]
In collaboration with McMillan India Limited and teacher Prathima Rao, Mazumdar-Shaw has supported
development and use of a basic mathematics textbook, introduced in Kannada schools in 2006. [22]:117[51]
She funded a multi-year research program by creating the Biocon Cell for Innovation Management with Prasad
Kaipa at the Indian School of Business in 2009.[52][53]

Infrastructure[edit]
Mazumdar-Shaw speaks about the importance of improving India's infrastructure, [21]:112[54] emphasizing the need
to address issues such as efficient governance, job creation, and food, water, and health insecurity.[55]
In Bangalore itself, Biocon, Infosys and other companies have had a significant impact on the city. These
companies attract many scientists who would otherwise go overseas. Once a "pensioner's paradise",
Bangalore is now called "the best urban working environment in India". [56] Biocon Park, built in 2005 not far from
Mazumdar-Shaw's original office, is a ninety-acre campus with five thousand employees. [38] Outside the
developed areas, however, there is still severe poverty.[38]
Mazumdar-Shaw is an proponent of good government and infrastructure. She supported the Bangalore Agenda
Task Force, an initiative of S. M. Krishna and Nandan Nilekani to improve the city's infrastructure and standard
of living.[56][57] Mazumdar-Shaw is part of the Bangalore City Connect Foundation, a non-profit trust for discussion
of civic issues, involving both urban stakeholders and the government. Mazumdar-Shaw is actively engaged in
urban reform, partnering with Jana Urban Space Foundation and local government to improve roads. [57] She is
also involved in the Bangalore Political Action Committee (BPAC), which reviews and recommends candidates
running in elections.[58][59]
After the 2009 flood, Biocon, Infosys and Wipro all committed to rebuilding homes for flood victims in north
Karnataka. Biocon committed to building 3,000 houses at a cost of Rs 30 crore. [60][61]

Board memberships[edit]
Mazumdar-Shaw is a member of the board of governors of the Indian School of Business[62] and a past member
of the board of governors of the Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad.[63]

Dr Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw, Chairperson, Board of Governors, IIMB, with Shah Rukh Khan during IIMBUE 2015 on Dec 11

As of February 2014, Mazumdar-Shaw became the first woman to head the board of governors of the Indian
Institute of Management Bangalore (IIMB).[64][65][66]
Currently, she also serves as an Independent Director on the board of Infosys. [67]

Awards and honours[edit]

Mazumdar-Shaw with the Othmer Gold Medal, 2014

 As of 2010, Mazumdar-Shaw was named among TIME magazine's 100 most influential people in the world.
[68]
She is on the 2011 Financial Times top 50 women in business list.[11] As of 2014, she was listed as the 92nd
most powerful woman in the world by Forbes.[69]In 2015, she had risen to 85th in the Forbes ranking. [12] She was
voted global Indian of the year by Pharma Leaders Magazine in 2012. [70]

International awards[edit]
Mazumdar-Shaw is the recipient of several international awards including the Othmer Gold Medal (2014) for
outstanding contributions to the progress of science and chemistry,[6] the Nikkei Asia Prize (2009) for regional
growth,[71][72][73] the Veuve Clicquot Initiative For Economic Development For Asia' Award (2007), [74] Ernst & Young
Entrepreneur of the Year Award for Life Sciences & Healthcare (2002),[75] and 'Technology Pioneer' recognition
by World Economic Forum (2002). In May 2015 Federation University Australia (formerly the University of
Ballarat) named a road in its Mt Helen campus as Mazumdar Drive. Kiran and Shaw attended the opening
ceremony.[76]

Indian awards[edit]
Her work in the biotechnology sector has earned her numerous national awards, including the Padma Shri
(1989) and the Padma Bhushan (2005) from the government of India. [42][76] She was given the Economic Times
Award for 'Businesswoman of the Year' in 2004. [77] At the Pharmaleaders Pharmaceutical Leadership Summit
she was named "Global Indian Woman of the Year" (2012); [78][79] she also received the Express Pharmaceutical
Leadership Summit Award for "Dynamic Entrepreneur" in 2009. [42] The Indian Merchants' Chamber Diamond
Jubilee Endowment Trust's Eminent Businessperson of the Year Award was presented to Kiran Mazumdar-
Shaw in 2006 by the Governor of Maharashtra, S. M. Krishna.[80] She also has received the Indian Chamber of
Commerce Lifetime Achievement Award (2005),[81] the 'Corporate Leadership Award' by the American India
Foundation (2005).[82][83] and the Karnataka Rajyotsava Award (2002).[42][84]

Honorary degrees[edit]
Mazumdar-Shaw received an honorary doctorate from her alma mater, Ballarat University in 2004, in
recognition of her contributions to biotechnology.[18] She has been awarded honorary doctorates from
the University of Abertay, Dundee, UK (2007),[85] the University of Glasgow, UK (2008), Heriot-Watt University,
Edinburgh, UK (2008) and University College Cork, Ireland (2012).[86] She received an honorary doctorate
from Davangere University, India, at its first convocation, July 2013, in recognition of her contribution in the field
of biotechnology.[87]

References[edit]
Library resources about
Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw

Res
ources in your library

Res
ources in other libraries

By Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw
Res
ources in your library

Res
ources in other libraries

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53. Jump up^ Panthry, Pallavee Dhaundiyal (14 June 2009). "Biocon helps ISB students bring home the
bacon". The Economic Times. Retrieved 23 September 2014.

54. Jump up^ "Dr. Kiran Mazumdar Shaw inaugurating MBA Program". Amruta Institute of Engineering and
Management Sciences. Retrieved 24 September 2014.

55. Jump up^ Mazumdar-Shaw, Kiran (8 April 2014). "Kiran Mazumdar Shaw on 5 reasons why BJP's
manifesto stands apart". The Economic Times. Retrieved 24 September 2014.

56. ^ Jump up to:a b Heenan, David (2005). Flight capital the alarming exodus of America's best and
brightest (1st ed.). Mountain View, Calif.: Davies-Black Pub. p. 113. ISBN 978-0-89106-202-8.
57. ^ Jump up to:a b Aravind, Indulekha (6 December 2013). "Kiran Majumdar Shaw, the city
crusader". Business Standard. Retrieved 24 September 2014.

58. Jump up^ "Right time for action plan to fulfil dreams: Narayana Murthy". The Economic Times.
Retrieved 3 February 2013.

59. Jump up^ "BPAC agenda for better city governance unveiled". New Indian Express.

60. Jump up^ "Infosys, Wipro, Biocon to generously contribute for flood relief works". Mangalorean. 9
October 2009. Retrieved 24 September 2014.

61. Jump up^ "Flood Relief: Infy, Biocon, Wipro to rescue K'taka". One India News. 9 October 2009.
Retrieved 24 September 2014.

62. Jump up^ Executive Board, KnowISB Indian School of Business (ISB). Isb.edu. Retrieved on 17 July
2012.

63. Jump up^ "Board of Governors (Past)". IITH. Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad. Retrieved 17
September 2014.

64. Jump up^ "Mukesh Ambani quits, Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw to head IIM-Bangalore board". The Times of
India. 19 February 2014. Retrieved 17 September 2014.

65. Jump up^ "Dr. Kiran Mazumdar Shaw is Chairperson of Board of Governors at IIM Bangalore". Indian
Institute of Management Bangalore (IIMB). Retrieved 17 September 2014.

66. Jump up^ "Board of Governors: Indian Institute of Management Bangalore". Iimb.ernet.in. 2009-02-11.
Retrieved 2014-08-03.

67. Jump up^ https://www.infosys.com/about/management-profiles/

68. Jump up^ Armstrong, Lance (29 April 2010). "The 2010 TIME 100: Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw". TIME
Magazine. Retrieved 17 September 2014.

69. Jump up^ "The World's 100 Most Powerful Women". Forbes. Forbes. Retrieved 26 June 2014.

70. Jump up^ "Biocon Chief Dr. Kiran Majumdar Shaw & NMC Chief Dr B.R.Shetty Declared Global Indian
Of The Year | Pharmaleaders TV". pharmaleaders.tv. Retrieved 2016-02-04.

71. Jump up^ Sengupta, Paula; Sharma, Sonia. "Kiran Mazumdar Shaw awarded the prestigious 'Nikkei
Asia Prize' 2009 for Regional Growth". Biocon Limited. Retrieved 11 May 2009.

72. Jump up^ "Nikkei Asia Prize for Kiran Mazumdar Shaw". The Hindu Business Line. 13 May 2009.
Retrieved 17 September 2014.

73. Jump up^ "Nikkei Asia Prize won by Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw". Pratiyogita Darpan: 24. July 2009.
Retrieved 17 September 2014.

74. Jump up^ "Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw awarded the 'Veuve Clicquot Initiative For Economic Development
For Asia'". Evaluate. Press Release. Retrieved 16 October 2007.

75. Jump up^ "EY Building a Better World: Past Winners". Ernst & Young. Retrieved 17 September 2014.

76. ^ Jump up to:a b Seijts, Gerard (2013). Good Leaders Learn: Lessons from Lifetimes of Leadership. New
York: Routledge. p. xxv. ISBN 0-415-65976-0. Retrieved 17 September 2014.
77. Jump up^ "Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw: Businesswoman of the year". Economic Times. 18 October 2004.
Retrieved 17 September 2014.

78. Jump up^ "Aanjaneya Lifecare Bagged Coveted BSE Award for Best Return to Investors, Padmashree
Dr Mukesh Batra is Business Leader of the Year, Dr Mukesh Hariawala as India's Most Admired Surgeon & Thirty
Three top Asia Pharmaleaders Felicitated". Business Wire India. 22 September 2012. Retrieved 17
September 2014.

79. Jump up^ "Pharmaleaders 5th Annual Pharmaceutical Leadership Summit & Awards 2012". Satya
Brahma. Retrieved 17 September 2014.

80. Jump up^ "Kiran Mazumdar is 'Eminent Businessperson'". The New Indian Express. 25 February 2006.
Retrieved 17 September 2014.

81. Jump up^ "Kiran Mazumdar gets ICC lifetime award". The Hindu. 6 September 2005. Retrieved 17
September 2014.

82. Jump up^ "Dr. Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw Awarded The Corporate Leadership Award". MoneyControl.
Retrieved 17 September 2014.

83. Jump up^ "Award for Biocon CMD". The Hindu Business Line. 11 October 2005. Retrieved 17
September 2014.

84. Jump up^ "Rajyotsava Award for Nilekani". The Hindu Business Line. 31 October 2002. Retrieved 17
September 2014.

85. Jump up^ "Exploration, higher education, biotechnology, and business strategy honoured at Abertay
graduations". Abertay University. 2 July 2007. Retrieved 17 September 2014.

86. Jump up^ Fitzpatrick, Patrick (8 June 2012). "Dr Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw, Degree of Doctor of Science
Introduced by Professor Patrick Fitzpatrick, Head of the College of Science, Engineering & Food Science, UCC".
University College Cork, Ireland. Retrieved 17 September 2014.

87. Jump up^ "Davangere varsity maiden convocation on July 27". The Hindu. 26 July 2013. Retrieved 17
September 2014.
6.) ROSALIA MERA
This name uses Spanish naming customs: the first or paternal family name is Mera and the second or maternal
family name is Goyenechea.

Rosala Mera

Born Rosala Mera Goyenechea

28 January 1944

A Corua, Galicia, Spain

Died 15 August 2013 (aged 69)

A Corua, Galicia, Spain

Cause of death Stroke

Residence Lins, Oleiros, A Corua, Galicia Spain

Nationality Spanish

Known for Co-founder of Inditex

Net worth $6.1 billion (2013)[1]

Spouse(s) Amancio Ortega Gaona (m. 1966; div. 1986)[2]

Children 2; including Sandra Ortega Mera

 Website Official website

Rosala Mera Goyenechea (28 January 1944 15 August 2013) was a Spanish businesswoman and
entrepreneur. At the time of her death, she was the richest woman in Spain [2] and the world's richest self-made
woman.[3] In 1975, she co-founded the Zara retail chain with her then-husband Amancio Ortega Gaona. The
company grew to become the world's largest fashion retailer.[4]

Contents
[hide]

1Early life and education

2Career

3Political and philanthropic activities

4Personal life

5Death

6References

Early life and education[edit]

Rosalia Mera was born in A Corua, Galicia, Spain in 1944.[4] She dropped out of school at age eleven to work
as a sales assistant in a clothing shop.[2][5]

Career[edit]
Mera began designing gowns and lingerie in her home with her then-husband, Amancio Ortega Gaona. The
couple opened the first Zara store in 1975 in A Corua.[5] Eventually the couple parlayed their work into a multi-
billion dollar enterprise. Zara's success was in part due to its strategy of imitating popular fashions and quickly
making them for sale at inexpensive prices.[4]
Ten years after the opening of the first Zara store, Inditex was established as a holding company for the
couple's businesses.[5] Inditex now comprises multiple fashion companies, of which Zara is the flagship. [2] The
company also owns the retailers Bershka, Massimo Dutti, Oysho, Pull & Bear, Stradivarius, Uterque and Zara
Home.[6] Inditex now has over 6000+ stores in over 86 countries [4] and over 120,000 employees.[6] Despite her
1986 divorce from Ortega,[2] Mera retained a 7% stake in the company.[7]
Mera also owned interests in a company which made fingerprinting identification kits for newborns[1] and
another company, Zeltia, which carries out research into cancer fighting compounds of both synthetic and
natural origin and particularly those bioactive compounds originating in the ocean. [1][8]
According to the 2013 Forbes billionaire list, Mera was the world's wealthiest self-made female entrepreneur,
with a net worth of over $6 billion. She was the second-wealthiest person from Spain, [1] second only to her ex-
husband.

Political and philanthropic activities[edit]

Mera opposed conservative Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy's plans to make Spain's abortion laws more
restrictive.[6] She also opposed austerity cutbacks to Spain's national healthcare and education programmes. [6]
Mera established the Paideia Foundation which works with groups in risk of social exclusion. [1][9]

Personal life[edit]
Mera married Amancio Ortega Gaona in 1966.[5] She had a son, Marcos, who was born mentally disabled.[1] The
couple also had a daughter, Sandra.[5]

Death[edit]
On 14 August 2013, Mera was admitted to a hospital in Menorca in an irreversible situation after suffering
a stroke. The family had been on holiday in Menorca. Mera died on 15 August 2013 in A Corua. She had been
transferred by plane to the port city and then by ambulance to the Hospital San Rafael de A Corua where she
later died of complications.[10][11] Inditex confirmed Mera's death on 16 August 2013, [12] stating "The group wishes
to send its sincere condolences to her loved ones and friends at this extremely difficult time, after the loss of a
person who contributed so much to the origins and development of the company." [2] She was buried in the
cemetery of the church of Santa Eulalia of Lins, in Oleiros(A Corua).[13]
Her daughter Sandra Ortega Mera inherited her wealth (her son Marcos was born with cerebral palsy), and
became Spain's richest woman with a net wealth of $6.1 billion. [14]

References[edit]
1. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f Kroll, Luisa. "The Rarer Sex: The Self-Made Women Billionaires Of 2013". Forbes.
Retrieved 10 March 2013.

2. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f "Zara co-founder Rosalia Mera dies aged 69". BBC News. 16 August 2013.
Retrieved 16 August 2013.

3. Jump up^ Carlyle, Erin (16 August 2013). "Rosalia Mera, World's Richest Self-Made Woman, Dies At
69". Forbes. Retrieved 16 August 2013.

4. ^ Jump up to:a b c d Dennys, Harriet (16 August 2013). "Rosalia Mera". Daily Telegraph. London.

5. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e Baigorri, Manuel (16 August 2013). "Rosalia Mera, Who Was Spain's Richest
Woman, Dies at 69". Bloomberg. Retrieved 16 August 2013.

6. ^ Jump up to:a b c d "Rosalia Mera, World's Wealthiest Self-Made Woman, Dies At 69". Huffington Post. 16
August 2013. Retrieved 16 August 2013.

7. Jump up^ Hetz, Robert (15 August 2013). "UPDATE 1-Co-founder of Zara-owner Inditex dies in
hospital-report". Reuters. Retrieved 16 August 2013.

8. Jump up^ Zeltia website

9. Jump up^ EC accreditation for the foundation

10. Jump up^ Rosala Mera, has been admitted to hospital in Menorca in an irreversible situation after
suffering a stroke (15 August 2013). Retrieved 16 August 2013

11. Jump up^ Muere Rosala Mera, cofundadora de Inditex (16 August 2013). Retrieved 16 August
2013. (Spanish)
 12. Jump up^ Conti, Samantha (16 August 2013). "Rosalia Mera, Cofounder of Inditex, Dies". WWD.
Retrieved 16 August 2013.

13. Jump up^ Rosala Mera ser enterrada este sbado en A Corua.

14. Jump up^ "Sandra Ortega Mera". Forbes. Retrieved 11 November 2014.

7.) J.K.ROWLING
Joanne "Jo" Rowling, OBE, FRSL (/rol/; born 31 July 1965), pen names J. K. Rowling and Robert
Galbraith, is a British novelist, screenwriter and film producer best known as the author of the Harry
Potter fantasy series. The books have gained worldwide attention, won multiple awards, and sold more than
400 million copies.[1] They have become the best-selling book series in history[2] and been the basis for a series
of films over which Rowling had overall approval on the scripts [3] and maintained creative control by serving as a
producer on the final instalment.[4]
Born in Yate, Gloucestershire, England, Rowling was working as a researcher and bilingual secretary
for Amnesty International when she conceived the idea for the Harry Potter series while on a delayed train from
Manchester to London in 1990.[5] The seven-year period that followed saw the death of her mother, birth of her
first child, divorce from her first husband and relative poverty until she finished the first novel in the
series, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, in 1997. There were six sequels, the last, Harry Potter and
the Deathly Hallows, in 2007. Since then, Rowling has written four books for adult readers: The Casual
Vacancy (2012) andunder the pseudonym Robert Galbraiththe crime fiction novels The Cuckoo's
Calling (2013), The Silkworm (2014) and Career of Evil (2015).[6]
Rowling has lived a "rags to riches" life story, in which she progressed from living on state benefits to multi-
millionaire status within five years. She is the United Kingdom's best-selling living author, with sales in excess
 of 238M.[7] The 2016 Sunday Times Rich List estimated Rowling's fortune at 600 million, ranking her as the
joint 197th richest person in the UK.[8] Time magazine named her as a runner-up for its 2007 Person of the
Year, noting the social, moral, and political inspiration she has given her fans.[9] In October 2010, Rowling was
named the "Most Influential Woman in Britain" by leading magazine editors. [10] She has supported charities
including Comic Relief, One Parent Families, Multiple Sclerosis Society of Great Britain and Lumos (formerly
the Children's High Level Group).

Contents
[hide]

1Name

2Life and career

o 2.1Birth and family

o 2.2Childhood

2.2.1Education

o 2.3Inspiration and mother's death

o 2.4Marriage, divorce, and single parenthood

o 2.5Harry Potter

o 2.6Harry Potter films

o 2.7Financial success

o 2.8Remarriage and family

o 2.9The Casual Vacancy

o 2.10Cormoran Strike

o 2.11Subsequent Harry Potter publications

3Philanthropy

o 3.1Anti-poverty and children's welfare

o 3.2Multiple sclerosis

o 3.3Other philanthropic work

4Influences

5Views

o 5.1Politics
 o 5.2Religion

o 5.3Press

6Legal disputes

7Awards and honours

8Publications

o 8.1Children

8.1.1Harry Potter series

8.1.2Related works

8.1.3Short stories

o 8.2Adults

8.2.1Cormoran Strike series

o 8.3Other

8.3.1Non-fiction

9Filmography

10References

11External links

Name
Although she writes under the pen name J. K. Rowling (pronounced rolling),[11] her name, before her remarriage,
was simply Joanne Rowling. Anticipating that the target audience of young boys might not want to read a book
written by a woman, her publishers asked that she use two initials rather than her full name. As she had no
middle name, she chose K (for Kathleen) as the second initial of her pen name, from her paternal grandmother.
[12]
She calls herself Jo.[13] Following her marriage, she has sometimes used the name Joanne Murray when
conducting personal business.[14][15] During the Leveson Inquiry she gave evidence under the name of Joanne
Kathleen Rowling[16] and her entry in Who's Who lists her name also as Joanne Kathleen Rowling. [17]

Life and career

Birth and family
Rowling's parents met on a train from King's Cross Station. After Rowling used King's Cross as a gateway into the Wizarding
World, it has since become a popular tourist spot.

Rowling was born to Peter James Rowling, a Rolls-Royce aircraft engineer,[18] and Anne Rowling (ne Volant), a
science technician,[19] on 31 July 1965[20][21] in Yate, Gloucestershire, England, 10 miles (16 km) northeast of
Bristol.[22][23] Her parents first met on a train departing from King's Cross Station bound for Arbroath in 1964.
[24]
They married on 14 March 1965.[24] One of her maternal great-grandfathers, Dugald Campbell, was Scottish,
born in Lamlash on the Isle of Arran.[25][26] Her mother's paternal grandfather, Louis Volant, was French, and was
awarded the Croix de Guerre for exceptional bravery in defending the village of Courcelles-le-Comte during
the First World War. Rowling originally believed he had won the Lgion d'honneur during the war, as she said
when she received it herself in 2009. She later discovered the truth when featured in an episode of the UK
genealogy series Who Do You Think You Are?, in which she found out it was a different Louis Volant who won
the Legion of Honour. When she heard his story of bravery and discovered the croix de guerre was for
"ordinary" soldiers like her grandfather, who had been a waiter, she stated the croix de guerre was "better" to
her than the Legion of Honour.[27][28]

Childhood
Rowling's sister Dianne[5] was born at their home when Rowling was 23 months old. [23] The family moved to the
nearby village Winterbourne when Rowling was four.[29] She attended St Michael's Primary School, a school
founded by abolitionist William Wilberforce and education reformer Hannah More.[30][31] Her headmaster at St
Michael's, Alfred Dunn, has been suggested as the inspiration for the Harry Potter headmaster Albus
Dumbledore.[32]

Rowling's childhood home, Church Cottage, Tutshill, Gloucestershire

As a child, Rowling often wrote fantasy stories which she frequently read to her sister.[11] Aged nine, Rowling
moved to Church Cottage in the Gloucestershire village of Tutshill, close to Chepstow, Wales.[23]She attended
secondary school at Wyedean School and College, where her mother worked in the science department.
 When she was a young teenager, her great-aunt gave her a copy of Jessica Mitford's autobiography, Hons
[19]

and Rebels.[33]Mitford became Rowling's heroine, and Rowling read all of her books. [34]
Rowling has said that her teenage years were unhappy.[18] Her home life was complicated by her mother's
illness and a strained relationship with her father, with whom she is not on speaking terms. [18] Rowling later said
that she based the character of Hermione Granger on herself when she was eleven.[35] Steve Eddy, who taught
Rowling English when she first arrived, remembers her as "not exceptional" but "one of a group of girls who
were bright, and quite good at English".[18] Sean Harris, her best friend in the Upper Sixth, owned a
turquoise Ford Anglia which she says inspired a flying version that appeared in Harry Potter and the Chamber
of Secrets.[36] At this time, she listened to the Smiths and the Clash.[37] Rowling took A-levels in English, French
and German, achieving two As and a B[24]and was Head Girl.[18]
Education
In 1982, Rowling took the entrance exams for Oxford University but was not accepted[18] and read for
a B.A. in French and Classics at the University of Exeter.[38] Martin Sorrell, a French professor at Exeter,
remembers "a quietly competent student, with a denim jacket and dark hair, who, in academic terms, gave the
appearance of doing what was necessary".[18] Rowling recalls doing little work, preferring to listen to The Smiths
and read Dickens and Tolkien.[18] After a year of study in Paris, Rowling graduated from Exeter in 1986[18] and
moved to London to work as a researcher and bilingual secretary for Amnesty International.[39] In 1988, Rowling
wrote a short essay about her time studying Classics entitled "What was the Name of that Nymph Again? or
Greek and Roman Studies Recalled"; it was published by the University of Exeter's journal Pegasus.[40]

Inspiration and mother's death

After working at Amnesty International in London, Rowling and her then boyfriend decided to move to
Manchester,[23] where she worked at the Chamber of Commerce.[24] In 1990, while she was on a four-hour-
delayed train trip from Manchester to London, the idea for a story of a young boy attending a school of wizardry
"came fully formed" into her mind.[23][41]
When she had reached her Clapham Junction flat, she began to write immediately.[23][42] In December, Rowling's
mother Anne died after ten years suffering from multiple sclerosis.[23] Rowling was writing Harry Potter at the
time and had never told her mother about it.[15] Her death heavily affected Rowling's writing,[15] and she
channelled her own feelings of loss by writing about Harry's own feelings of loss in greater detail in the first
book.[43]

Marriage, divorce, and single parenthood

Rowling moved to Porto to teach. In 1993, she returned to the UK accompanied by her daughter and three completed
chapters of Harry Potter after her marriage had deteriorated.

An advertisement in The Guardian[24] led Rowling to move to Porto, Portugal, to teach English as a foreign
language.[5][34] She taught at night and began writing in the day while listening to Tchaikovsky's Violin Concerto.
[18]
After 18 months in Porto, she met Portuguese television journalist Jorge Arantes in a bar and found they
shared an interest in Jane Austen.[24] They married on 16 October 1992 and their child, Jessica Isabel Rowling
Arantes (named after Jessica Mitford), was born on 27 July 1993 in Portugal.[24] Rowling had previously suffered
a miscarriage.[24] The couple separated on 17 November 1993.[24][44] Biographers have suggested that Rowling
suffered domestic abuse during her marriage, although the extent is unknown.[24][45] In December 1993, Rowling
and her then-infant daughter moved to Edinburgh, Scotland, to be near Rowling's sister[23] with three chapters of
what would become Harry Potter in her suitcase.[18]
Seven years after graduating from university, Rowling saw herself as a failure. [46] Her marriage had failed, and
she was jobless with a dependent child, but she described her failure as liberating and allowing her to focus on
writing.[46] During this period, Rowling was diagnosed with clinical depression and contemplated suicide.[47] Her
illness inspired the characters known as Dementors, soul-sucking creatures introduced in the third book.
[48]
Rowling signed up for welfare benefits, describing her economic status as being "poor as it is possible to be
in modern Britain, without being homeless."[18][46]
Rowling was left in despair after her estranged husband arrived in Scotland, seeking both her and her
daughter.[24] She obtained an Order of Restraint, and Arantes returned to Portugal, with Rowling filing for divorce
in August 1994.[24] She began a teacher training course in August 1995 at the Moray House School of
Education, at Edinburgh University,[49] after completing her first novel while living on state benefits. [50] She wrote
in many cafs, especially Nicolson's Caf (owned by her brother-in-law, Roger Moore), [51][52] and the Elephant
House,[53] wherever she could get Jessica to fall asleep. [23][54] In a 2001 BBC interview, Rowling denied the
rumour that she wrote in local cafs to escape from her unheated flat, pointing out that it had heating. One of
the reasons she wrote in cafs was that taking her baby out for a walk was the best way to make her fall
asleep.[54]

Harry Potter
Main article: Harry Potter

The Elephant House, one of the cafs in Edinburgh in which Rowling wrote the first Harry Potter novel[55]

In 1995, Rowling finished her manuscript for Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone on an old manual
typewriter.[56] Upon the enthusiastic response of Bryony Evens, a reader who had been asked to review the
book's first three chapters, the Fulham-based Christopher Little Literary Agents agreed to represent Rowling in
her quest for a publisher. The book was submitted to twelve publishing houses, all of which rejected the
manuscript.[24] A year later she was finally given the green light (and a 1,500 advance) by editor Barry
Cunningham from Bloomsbury, a publishing house in London.[24][57] The decision to publish Rowling's book owes
much to Alice Newton, the eight-year-old daughter of Bloomsbury's chairman, who was given the first chapter
to review by her father and immediately demanded the next. [58] Although Bloomsbury agreed to publish the
book, Cunningham says that he advised Rowling to get a day job, since she had little chance of making money
in children's books.[59] Soon after, in 1997, Rowling received an 8,000 grant from the Scottish Arts Council to
enable her to continue writing.[60]
In June 1997, Bloomsbury published Philosopher's Stone with an initial print run of 1,000 copies, 500 of which
were distributed to libraries. Today, such copies are valued between 16,000 and 25,000. [61] Five months later,
the book won its first award, a Nestl Smarties Book Prize. In February, the novel won the British Book
Award for Children's Book of the Year, and later, the Children's Book Award. In early 1998, an auction was held
in the United States for the rights to publish the novel, and was won by Scholastic Inc., for US$105,000.
Rowling said that she "nearly died" when she heard the news. [62]In October 1998, Scholastic
published Philosopher's Stone in the US under the title of Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone, a change
Rowling says she now regrets and would have fought if she had been in a better position at the time. [63] Rowling
moved from her flat with the money from the Scholastic sale, into 19 Hazelbank Terrace in Edinburgh. [51]
Its sequel, Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, was published in July 1998 and again Rowling won the
Smarties Prize.[64] In December 1999, the third novel, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, won the
Smarties Prize, making Rowling the first person to win the award three times running. [65] She later withdrew the
fourth Harry Potter novel from contention to allow other books a fair chance. In January 2000, Prisoner of
Azkaban won the inaugural Whitbread Children's Book of the Year award, though it lost the Book of the Year
prize to Seamus Heaney's translation of Beowulf.[66]
The fourth book, Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, was released simultaneously in the UK and the US on 8
July 2000 and broke sales records in both countries. 372,775 copies of the book were sold in its first day in the
UK, almost equalling the number Prisoner of Azkaban sold during its first year.[67] In the US, the book sold three
million copies in its first 48 hours, smashing all records.[67] Rowling said that she had had a crisis while writing
the novel and had to rewrite one chapter many times to fix a problem with the plot. [68]Rowling was named Author
of the Year in the 2000 British Book Awards.[69]
A wait of three years occurred between the release of Goblet of Fire and the fifth Harry Potter novel, Harry
Potter and the Order of the Phoenix. This gap led to press speculation that Rowling had developed writer's
block, speculations she denied.[70] Rowling later said that writing the book was a chore, that it could have been
shorter, and that she ran out of time and energy as she tried to finish it. [71]
The sixth book, Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, was released on 16 July 2005. It too broke all sales
records, selling nine million copies in its first 24 hours of release. [72] In 2006, Half-Blood Prince received
the Book of the Year prize at the British Book Awards.[64]
The title of the seventh and final Harry Potter book was announced on 21 December 2006 as Harry Potter and
the Deathly Hallows.[73] In February 2007 it was reported that Rowling wrote on a bust in her hotel room at
the Balmoral Hotel in Edinburgh that she had finished the seventh book in that room on 11 January 2007.
[74]
Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows was released on 21 July 2007 (0:01 BST)[75] and broke its
predecessor's record as the fastest-selling book of all time. [76] It sold 11 million copies in the first day of release
in the United Kingdom and United States.[76] The book's last chapter was one of the earliest things she wrote in
the entire series.[77]

Potter queue

Harry Potter is now a global brand worth an estimated US$15 billion,[78] and the last four Harry Potter books
have consecutively set records as the fastest-selling books in history.[76][79] The series, totalling 4,195 pages,
[80]
has been translated, in whole or in part, into 65 languages. [81]
The Harry Potter books have also gained recognition for sparking an interest in reading among the young at a
time when children were thought to be abandoning books for computers and television, [82] although it is reported
that despite the huge uptake of the books, adolescent reading has continued to decline. [83]

Harry Potter films

Main article: Harry Potter (film series)
In October 1998, Warner Bros. purchased the film rights to the first two novels for a seven-figure sum. [84] A film
adaptation of Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone was released on 16 November 2001, and Harry Potter
and the Chamber of Secrets on 15 November 2002.[85] Both films were directed by Chris Columbus. The film
version of Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban was released on 4 June 2004, directed by Alfonso Cuarn.
The fourth film, Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, was directed by Mike Newell, and released on 18
November 2005. The film of Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix was released on 11 July 2007.[85] David
Yates directed, and Michael Goldenberg wrote the screenplay, having taken over the position from Steve
Kloves. Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince was released on 15 July 2009.[86] David Yates directed again,
and Kloves returned to write the script.[87] Warner Bros. filmed the final instalment of the series, Harry Potter and
the Deathly Hallows, in two segments, wiTh part one being released on 19 November 2010 and part two being
released on 15 July 2011. Yates directed both films. [88][89]
Warner Bros. took considerable notice of Rowling's desires and thoughts when drafting her contract. One of her
principal stipulations was the films be shot in Britain with an all-British cast, [90] which has been generally
adhered to. Rowling also demanded that Coca-Cola, the victor in the race to tie in their products to the film
series, donate US$18 million to the American charity Reading is Fundamental, as well as several community
charity programs.[91]
The first four, sixth, seventh, and eighth films were scripted by Steve Kloves; Rowling assisted him in the
writing process, ensuring that his scripts did not contradict future books in the series. [92] She told Alan
Rickman (Severus Snape) and Robbie Coltrane (Hagrid) certain secrets about their characters before they
were revealed in the books.[93] Daniel Radcliffe (Harry Potter) asked her if Harry died at any point in the series;
Rowling answered him by saying, "You have a death scene", thereby not explicitly answering the question.
[94]
Director Steven Spielberg was approached to direct the first film, but dropped out. The press has repeatedly
claimed that Rowling played a role in his departure, but Rowling stated that she had no say in who directed the
films and would not have vetoed Spielberg.[95] Rowling's first choice for the director had been Monty
Python member Terry Gilliam, but Warner Bros. wanted a family-friendly film and chose Columbus. [96]
Rowling had gained some creative control on the films, reviewing all the scripts [97] as well as acting as a
producer on the final two-part instalment, Deathly Hallows.[98]
Rowling, producers David Heyman and David Barron, along with directors David Yates, Mike
Newell and Alfonso Cuarn collected the Michael Balcon Award for Outstanding British Contribution to Cinema
at the 2011 British Academy Film Awards in honour of the Harry Potter film franchise.[99]
In September 2013, Warner Bros. announced an "expanded creative partnership" with Rowling, based on a
planned series of films about Newt Scamander, author of Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them. The first
film, scripted by Rowling, was released in November 2016 and is set roughly 70 years before the events of the
main series.[100] In 2016, it was announced that the series would consist of five films, with the second scheduled
for release in November 2018.[101]

Financial success
In 2004, Forbes named Rowling as the first person to become a U.S.-dollar billionaire by writing books, [102] the
second-richest female entertainer and the 1,062nd richest person in the world. [103] Rowling disputed the
calculations and said she had plenty of money, but was not a billionaire. [104] The 2016 Sunday Times Rich
List estimated Rowling's fortune at 600 million, ranking her as the joint 197th richest person in the UK. [8] In
2012, Forbes removed Rowling from their rich list, claiming that her US$160 million in charitable donations and
the high tax rate in the UK meant she was no longer a billionaire.[105] In February 2013 she was assessed as the
13th most powerful woman in the United Kingdom by Woman's Hour on BBC Radio 4.[106]
In 2001, Rowling purchased a 19th-century estate house, Killiechassie House, on the banks of the River Tay,
near Aberfeldy, in Perth and Kinross.[107] Rowling also owns a 4.5 million Georgian house in Kensington, west
London, on a street with 24-hour security.[108]

Remarriage and family

On 26 December 2001, Rowling married Neil Murray (born 30 June 1971), a Scottish doctor,[109] in a private
ceremony at her home, Killiechassie House, near Aberfeldy.[110]Their son, David Gordon Rowling Murray, was
born on 24 March 2003.[111] Shortly after Rowling began writing Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, she
ceased working on the novel to care for David in his early infancy.[112]
Rowling is a friend of Sarah Brown, wife of former prime minister Gordon Brown, whom she met when they
collaborated on a charitable project. When Sarah Brown's son Fraser was born in 2003, Rowling was one of
the first to visit her in hospital.[113] Rowling's youngest child, daughter Mackenzie Jean Rowling Murray, to whom
she dedicated Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, was born on 23 January 2005.[114]
In October 2012, a New Yorker magazine article stated that the Rowling family lived in a seventeenth-century
Edinburgh house, concealed at the front by tall conifer hedges. Prior to October 2012, Rowling lived near the
author Ian Rankin, who later said she was quiet and introspective, and that she seemed in her element with
children.[18][115] As of June 2014, the family resides in Scotland.[116]

The Casual Vacancy

In July 2011, Rowling parted company with her agent, Christopher Little, moving to a new agency founded by
one of his staff, Neil Blair.[18][117] On 23 February 2012, his agency, the Blair Partnership, announced on its
website that Rowling was set to publish a new book targeted at adults. In a press release, Rowling said that her
new book would be quite different from Harry Potter. In April 2012, Little, Brown and Company announced that
the book was entitled The Casual Vacancy and would be released on 27 September 2012.[118] Rowling gave
several interviews and made appearances to promote The Casual Vacancy, including at the London Southbank
Centre,[119] the Cheltenham Literature Festival,[120] Charlie Rose[121] and the Lennoxlove Book Festival.[122] In its first
three weeks of release, The Casual Vacancy sold over 1 million copies worldwide.[123]
On 3 December 2012, it was announced that the BBC would be adapting The Casual Vacancy into a television
drama miniseries. Rowling's agent, Neil Blair acted as producer, through his independent production company
and with Rick Senat serving as executive producer. Rowling collaborated on the adaptation, serving as an
executive producer for the series. The series aired in three parts from 15 February to 1 March 2015. [124][125]

Cormoran Strike
Main article: Cormoran Strike
Over the years, Rowling often spoke of writing a crime novel. In 2007, during the Edinburgh Book Festival,
author Ian Rankin claimed that his wife spotted Rowling "scribbling away" at a detective novel in a caf.
[126]
Rankin later retracted the story, claiming it was a joke,[127] but the rumour persisted, with a report in 2012
in The Guardian speculating that Rowling's next book would be a crime novel.[128] In an interview with Stephen
Fry in 2005, Rowling claimed that she would much prefer to write any subsequent books under a pseudonym,
but she conceded to Jeremy Paxman in 2003 that if she did, the press would probably "find out in seconds". [129]
In April 2013, Little Brown published The Cuckoo's Calling, the purported dbut novel of author Robert
Galbraith, who the publisher described as "a former plainclothes Royal Military Police investigator who had left
in 2003 to work in the civilian security industry". [130] The novel, a detective story in which private
investigator Cormoran Strike unravels the supposed suicide of a supermodel, sold 1,500 copies in hardback
(although the matter was not resolved as of 21 July 2013; later reports stated that this number is the number of
copies that were printed for the first run, while the sales total was closer to 500) [131] and received acclaim from
other crime writers[130] and critics[132]a Publishers Weekly review called the book a "stellar debut",[133] while
the Library Journal's mystery section pronounced the novel "the debut of the month". [134]
India Knight, a novelist and columnist for The Sunday Times, tweeted on 9 July 2013 that she had been
reading The Cuckoo's Calling and thought it was good for a dbut novel. In response, a tweeter called Jude
Callegari said that the author was Rowling. Knight queried this but got no further reply.[135] Knight notified
Richard Brooks, arts editor of the Sunday Times, who began his own investigation.[135][136] After discovering that
Rowling and Galbraith had the same agent and editor, he sent the books for linguistic analysis which found
similarities, and subsequently contacted Rowling's agent who confirmed it was Rowling's pseudonym. [136] Within
days of Rowling being revealed as the author, sales of the book rose by 4,000%, [135] and Little Brown printed
another 140,000 copies to meet the increase in demand.[137] As of 18 June 2013, a signed copy of the first
edition sold for US$4,453 (2,950), while an unsold signed first-edition copy was being offered for $6,188
(3,950).[131]
Rowling said that she had enjoyed working under a pseudonym. [138] On her Robert Galbraith website, Rowling
explained that she took the name from one of her personal heroes, Robert Kennedy, and a childhood fantasy
name she had invented for herself, Ella Galbraith.[139]
Soon after the revelation, Brooks pondered whether Jude Callegari could have been Rowling as part of wider
speculation that the entire affair had been a publicity stunt. Some also noted that many of the writers who had
initially praised the book, such as Alex Gray or Val McDermid,[140] were within Rowling's circle of acquaintances;
both vociferously denied any foreknowledge of Rowling's authorship. [135] Judith "Jude" Callegari was the best
friend of the wife of Chris Gossage, a partner within Russells Solicitors, Rowling's legal representatives. [141]
[142]
Rowling released a statement saying she was disappointed and angry; [141] Russells apologised for the leak,
confirming it was not part of a marketing stunt and that "the disclosure was made in confidence to someone he
[Gossage] trusted implicitly".[137] Russells made a donation to the Soldiers' Charity on Rowling's behalf and
reimbursed her for her legal fees.[143] On 26 November 2013 the Solicitors Regulation Authority (SRA) issued
Gossage a written rebuke and 1,000 fine for breaching privacy rules. [144]
On 17 February 2014, Rowling announced that the second Cormoran Strike novel, named The Silkworm,
would be released in June 2014. It sees Strike investigating the disappearance of a writer hated by many of his
old friends for insulting them in his new novel.[145]
In 2015, Rowling stated on Galbraith's website that the third Cormoran Strike novel would include "an insane
amount of planning, the most I have done for any book I have written so far. I have colour-coded spreadsheets
so I can keep a track of where I am going."[146] On 24 April 2015, Rowling announced that work on the third book
was completed. Titled Career of Evil, it was released on 20 October 2015 in the United States, and on 22
October 2015 in the United Kingdom.[147]
In 2017, the BBC released a Cormoran Strike television series, starring Tom Burke as Cormoran Strike, it was
picked up by HBO for distribution in the United States and Canada. [148]
Rowling confirmed that she'd release the fourth installment of the series sometime in 2017. [149] In March 2017,
Rowling revealed the fourth novel's title via Twitter in a game of "Hangman" with her followers. After many failed
attempts, followers finally guessed correctly. Rowling confirmed that the next novel's title is "Lethal White." [150]

Subsequent Harry Potter publications

For the material written for Comic Relief and other charities, see Philanthropy.
Rowling has said it is unlikely she will write any more books in the Harry Potter series.[151] In October 2007 she
stated that her future work was unlikely to be in the fantasy genre. [152] On 1 October 2010, in an interview
with Oprah Winfrey, Rowling stated a new book on the saga might happen.[153]
In 2007, Rowling stated that she planned to write an encyclopaedia of Harry Potter's wizarding world consisting
of various unpublished material and notes.[154] Any profits from such a book would be given to charity.[155] During
a news conference at Hollywood's Kodak Theatre in 2007, Rowling, when asked how the encyclopaedia was
coming along, said, "It's not coming along, and I haven't started writing it. I never said it was the next thing I'd
do."[156] At the end of 2007, Rowling said that the encyclopaedia could take up to ten years to complete. [157]
In June 2011, Rowling announced that future Harry Potter projects, and all electronic downloads, would be
concentrated in a new website, called Pottermore.[158] The site includes 18,000 words of information on
characters, places and objects in the Harry Potter universe.[159]
In October 2015, Rowling announced via Pottermore, that a two part play she had co-authored with playwrights
Jack Thorne and John Tiffany, Harry Potter and the Cursed Child, was the 'eighth Harry Potter story' and that it
would focus on the life of Harry Potter's youngest son Albus after the epilogue of Harry Potter and the Deathly
Hallows.[160] On 28 October 2015, the first round of tickets went on sale and sold out in several hours. [161]

Philanthropy
In 2000, Rowling established the Volant Charitable Trust, which uses its annual budget of 5.1 million to
combat poverty and social inequality. The fund also gives to organisations that aid children, one parent families,
and multiple sclerosis research.[162][163]

Anti-poverty and children's welfare

Rowling, once a single parent, is now president of the charity Gingerbread (originally One Parent Families),
having become their first Ambassador in 2000.[164][165] Rowling collaborated with Sarah Brown to write a book of
children's stories to aid One Parent Families.[166]
In 2001, the UK anti-poverty fundraiser Comic Relief asked three best-selling British authors cookery writer
and TV presenter Delia Smith, Bridget Jones creator Helen Fielding, and Rowling to submit booklets related
to their most famous works for publication.[167] Rowling's two booklets, Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find
Them and Quidditch Through the Ages, are ostensibly facsimiles of books found in the Hogwarts library. Since
going on sale in March 2001, the books have raised 15.7 million for the fund. The 10.8 million they have
raised outside the UK have been channelled into a newly created International Fund for Children and Young
People in Crisis.[168] In 2002 Rowling contributed a foreword to Magic, an anthology of fiction published by
Bloomsbury Publishing, helping to raise money for the National Council for One Parent Families. [169]
In 2005, Rowling and MEP Emma Nicholson founded the Children's High Level Group (now Lumos).[170] In
January 2006, Rowling went to Bucharest to highlight the use of caged beds in mental institutions for children.
[171]
To further support the CHLG, Rowling auctioned one of seven handwritten and illustrated copies of The
Tales of Beedle the Bard, a series of fairy tales referred to in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows. The book
was purchased for 1.95 million by on-line bookseller Amazon.com on 13 December 2007, becoming the most
expensive modern book ever sold at auction.[172][172][173] Rowling gave away the remaining six copies to those who
have a close connection with the Harry Potter books.[172] In 2008, Rowling agreed to publish the book with the
proceeds going to Lumos.[115] On 1 June 2010 (International Children's Day), Lumos launched an annual
initiative Light a Birthday Candle for Lumos.[174] In November 2013, Rowling handed over all earnings from the
sale of The Tales of Beedle the Bard, totalling nearly 19 million.[175]
In July 2012, Rowling was featured at the 2012 Summer Olympics opening ceremony in London where she
read a few lines from J. M. Barrie's Peter Pan as part of a tribute to Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children.
An inflatable representation of Lord Voldemort and other children's literary characters accompanied her
reading.[176]

Multiple sclerosis
Rowling has contributed money and support for research and treatment of multiple sclerosis, from which her
mother suffered before her death in 1990. In 2006, Rowling contributed a substantial sum toward the creation
of a new Centre for Regenerative Medicine at Edinburgh University, later named the Anne Rowling
Regenerative Neurology Clinic.[177] In 2010 she donated a further 10 million to the centre.[178] For reasons
unknown, Scotland, Rowling's country of adoption, has the highest rate of multiple sclerosis in the world. In
2003, Rowling took part in a campaign to establish a national standard of care for MS sufferers. [179] In April 2009,
she announced that she was withdrawing her support for Multiple Sclerosis Society Scotland, citing her inability
to resolve an ongoing feud between the organisation's northern and southern branches that had sapped morale
and led to several resignations.[179]

Other philanthropic work

In May 2008, bookseller Waterstones asked Rowling and 12 other writers (Sebastian Faulks, Doris
Lessing, Lisa Appignanesi, Margaret Atwood, Lauren Child, Richard Ford, Neil Gaiman, Nick Hornby, Michael
Rosen, Axel Scheffler, Tom Stoppard and Irvine Welsh) to compose a short piece of their own choosing on a
single A5 card, which would then be sold at auction in aid of the charities Dyslexia Action and English PEN.
Rowling's contribution was an 800-word Harry Potter prequel that concerns Harry's father, James Potter, and
godfather, Sirius Black, and takes place three years before Harry was born. The cards were collated and sold
for charity in book form in August 2008.[180]
On 1 and 2 August 2006, she read alongside Stephen King and John Irving at Radio City Music Hall in New
York City. Profits from the event were donated to the Haven Foundation, a charity that aids artists and
performers left uninsurable and unable to work, and the medical NGO Mdecins Sans Frontires.[181] In May
2007, Rowling pledged a donation reported as over 250,000 to a reward fund started by the tabloid News of
the World for the safe return of a young British girl, Madeleine McCann, who disappeared in Portugal.
[182]
Rowling, along with Nelson Mandela, Al Gore, and Alan Greenspan, wrote an introduction to a collection of
Gordon Brown's speeches, the proceeds of which were donated to the Jennifer Brown Research Laboratory.
[183]
After her exposure as the true author of The Cuckoo's Calling led a massive increase in sales, Rowling
announced she would donate all her royalties to the Army Benevolent Fund, claiming she had always intended
to, but never expected the book to be a bestseller.[184]
Rowling is a member of both English PEN and Scottish PEN. She was one of 50 authors to contribute to First
Editions, Second Thoughts, a charity auction for English PEN. Each author hand annotated a first edition copy
of one of their books: In Rowling's case, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone. The book was the highest
selling lot of the event and fetched 150,000 ($228,600). [185]
Rowling is a supporter of The Shannon Trust, which runs the Toe by Toe Reading Plan and the Shannon
Reading Plan in prisons across Britain, helping and giving tutoring to prisoners who cannot read. [186]

Influences
See also: Harry Potter influences and analogues
Rowling has named communist and civil rights activist Jessica Mitford as her "most influential writer" saying,
"Jessica Mitford has been my heroine since I was 14 years old, when I overheard my formidable great-aunt
discussing how Mitford had run away at the age of 19 to fight with the Reds in the Spanish Civil War", and
claims what inspired her about Mitford was that she was "incurably and instinctively rebellious, brave,
adventurous, funny and irreverent, she liked nothing better than a good fight, preferably against a pompous and
hypocritical target".[187] Rowling has described Jane Austen as her favourite author,[188] calling Emma her
favourite book in O, The Oprah Magazine.[189] As a child, Rowling has said her early influences included The
Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe by C.S. Lewis, The Little White Horse by Elizabeth Goudge,
and Manxmouse by Paul Gallico.[190]

Views
Politics
See also: Politics of J. K. Rowling
Rowling is known for her leftist political views. In September 2008, on the eve of the Labour Party Conference,
Rowling announced that she had donated 1 million to the Labour Party, and publicly endorsed Labour Prime
Minister Gordon Brown over Conservative challenger David Cameron, praising Labour's policies on child
poverty.[191] Rowling is a close friend of Sarah Brown, wife of Gordon Brown, whom she met when they
collaborated on a charitable project for One Parent Families. [113]
Rowling discussed the 2008 United States presidential election with the Spanish-language newspaper El
Pas in February 2008, stating that the election would have a profound effect on the rest of the world. She also
said that Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton would be "extraordinary" in the White House. In the same interview,
Rowling identified Robert F. Kennedy as her hero.[192]
In April 2010, Rowling published an article in The Times, in which she criticised Cameron's plan to encourage
married couples to stay together by offering them a 150 annual tax credit: "Nobody who has ever experienced
the reality of poverty could say 'it's not the money, it's the message'. When your flat has been broken into, and
you cannot afford a locksmith, it is the money. When you are two pence short of a tin of baked beans, and your
child is hungry, it is the money. When you find yourself contemplating shoplifting to get nappies, it is the
money."[193]
As a resident of Scotland, Rowling was eligible to vote in the 2014 referendum on Scottish independence, and
campaigned for the "No" vote.[194] She donated 1 million to the Better Together anti-independence campaign
(run by her former neighbour Alistair Darling),[116] the largest donation it had received at the time. In a blog post,
Rowling explained that an open letter from Scottish medical professionals raised problems with First
Minister Alex Salmond's plans for a common research funding.[116] Rowling compared some Scottish Nationalists
with the Death Eaters, characters from Harry Potter who are scornful of those without pure blood.[195]
On 22 October 2015 a letter was published in The Guardian signed by Rowling (along with over 150 other
figures from arts and politics) opposing the cultural boycott of Israel, and announcing the creation of a network
for dialogue, called Culture for Coexistence.[196] Rowling later explained her position in more detail, saying that
although she opposed most of Benjamin Netanyahu's actions she did not think the cultural boycott would bring
about the removal of Israel's leader or help improve the situation in Israel and Palestine. [197]
In June 2016, Rowling campaigned against the Referendum to leave the European Union, stating on her
website that, "I'm the mongrel product of this European continent and I'm an internationalist. I was raised by a
Francophile mother whose family was proud of their part-French heritage. My French ancestors lived in the
troubled province of Alsace, which spent hundreds of years being alternately annexed by Germany and France.
I've lived in France and Portugal and I've studied French and German. I love having these multiple allegiances
and cultural associations. They make me stronger, not weaker. I glory in association with the cultures of my
fellow Europeans. My values are not contained or proscribed by borders. The absence of a visa when I cross
the channel has symbolic value to me. I might not be in my house, but I'm still in my hometown." [198]

Religion
See also: Religious debates over the Harry Potter series
Over the years, some religious people, particularly Christians, have decried Rowling's books for supposedly
promoting witchcraft. Rowling identifies as a Christian, [199] and attended a Church of Scotland congregation
while writing Harry Potter. Her eldest daughter, Jessica, was baptised there.[199][200] She once said, "I believe in
God, not magic."[201]Early on she felt that if readers knew of her Christian beliefs they would be able to predict
her plot line.[202]
In 2007, Rowling described having been brought up in the Church of England. She said she was the only one
in her family who regularly went to church. As a student she became annoyed at the "smugness of religious
people" and worshipped less often. Later, she started to attend again at a church in Edinburgh. [203]
In a 2006 interview with Tatler magazine, Rowling noted that, "like Graham Greene, my faith is sometimes
about if my faith will return. It's important to me."[15] She has said that she has struggled with doubt, that she
believes in an afterlife,[204] and that her faith plays a part in her books.[205][206][207] In a 2012 radio interview, she said
that she was a member of the Scottish Episcopal Church, a province of the Anglican Communion.[208]

Press
Rowling has had a difficult relationship with the press. She admits to being "thin-skinned" and dislikes the fickle
nature of reporting. Rowling disputes her reputation as a recluse who hates to be interviewed. [209]
By 2011, Rowling had taken more than 50 actions against the press. [210] In 2001, the Press Complaints
Commission upheld a complaint by Rowling over a series of unauthorised photographs of her with her daughter
on the beach in Mauritius published in OK! magazine.[211] In 2007, Rowling's young son, David, assisted by
Rowling and her husband, lost a court fight to ban publication of a photograph of him. The photo, taken by a
photographer using a long-range lens, was subsequently published in a Sunday Express article featuring
Rowling's family life and motherhood.[14] The judgement was overturned in David's favour in May 2008.[212]
Rowling particularly dislikes the British tabloid the Daily Mail, which has conducted interviews with her
estranged ex-husband. As one journalist noted, "Harry's Uncle Vernon is a grotesque philistine of violent
tendencies and remarkably little brain. It is not difficult to guess which newspaper Rowling gives him to read
[in Goblet of Fire]."[213] As of January 2014, she was seeking damages from the Mail for libel over an article
about her time as a single mother.[214] Some have speculated that Rowling's fraught relationship with the press
was the inspiration behind the character Rita Skeeter, a gossipy celebrity journalist who first appears in Goblet
of Fire, but Rowling noted in 2000 that the character predates her rise to fame. [215]
In September 2011, Rowling was named a "core participant" in the Leveson Inquiry into the culture, practices
and ethics of the British press, as one of dozens of celebrities who may have been the victim of phone hacking.
[216]
On 24 November 2011, Rowling gave evidence before the inquiry; although she was not suspected to have
been the victim of phone hacking,[217] her testimony included accounts of photographers camping on her
doorstep, her fianc being duped into giving his home address to a journalist masquerading as a tax official,
[217]
her chasing a journalist a week after giving birth,[210] a journalist leaving a note inside her then-five-year-old
daughter's schoolbag, and an attempt by The Sun to "blackmail" her into a photo opportunity in exchange for
the return of a stolen manuscript.[218] Rowling claimed she had to leave her former home in Merchiston because
of press intrusion.[218] In November 2012, Rowling wrote an article for The Guardian in reaction to David
Cameron's decision not to implement the full recommendations of the Leveson inquiry, saying she felt "duped
and angry".[219]
In 2014, Rowling reaffirmed her support for "Hacked Off" and its campaign towards press self-regulation by co-
signing with other British celebrities a declaration to "[safeguard] the press from political interference while also
giving vital protection to the vulnerable."[220]

Legal disputes
Main article: Legal disputes over the Harry Potter series
Rowling, her publishers, and Time Warner, the owner of the rights to the Harry Potter films, have taken
numerous legal actions to protect their copyright. The worldwide popularity of the Harry Potter series has led to
the appearance of a number of locally produced, unauthorised sequels and other derivative works, sparking
efforts to ban or contain them.[221]
Another area of legal dispute involves a series of injunctions obtained by Rowling and her publishers to prohibit
anyone from reading her books before their official release date. [222] The injunction drew fire from civil liberties
and free speech campaigners and sparked debates over the "right to read". [223][224]

Awards and honours

Rowling, after receiving an honorary degree from the University of Aberdeen

Rowling has received honorary degrees from St Andrews University, the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh
Napier University, the University of Exeter which she attended,[225] the University of Aberdeen[226][227] and Harvard
University, for whom she spoke at the 2008 commencement ceremony.[228] In 2009 Rowling was made a
Chevalier de la Lgion d'honneur by French President Nicolas Sarkozy.[27]
Other awards include:[64]

1997: Nestl Smarties Book Prize, Gold Award for Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone

1998: Nestl Smarties Book Prize, Gold Award for Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets

1998: British Children's Book of the Year, winner Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone

1999: Nestl Smarties Book Prize, Gold Award for Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban

1999: National Book Awards Children's Book of the Year, winner Harry Potter and the Chamber of
Secrets

1999: Whitbread Children's Book of the Year, winner Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban

2000: British Book Awards, Author of the Year[69]

2000: Officer of the Order of the British Empire, for services to Children's literature[229]

2000: Locus Award, winner Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban

2001: Hugo Award for Best Novel, winner Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire

2003: Premio Prncipe de Asturias, Concord

2003: Bram Stoker Award for Best Work for Young Readers, winner Harry Potter and the Order of the
Phoenix

2006: British Book of the Year, winner for Harry Potter and the Half Blood Prince
 2007: Blue Peter Badge, Gold

2007: Named Barbara Walters' Most Fascinating Person of the year[230]

2008: British Book Awards, Outstanding Achievement

2010: Hans Christian Andersen Literature Award, inaugural award winner

2011: British Academy Film Awards, Outstanding British Contribution to Cinema for the Harry
Potter film series, shared with David Heyman, cast and crew

2012: Freedom of the City of London

2012: Rowling was among the British cultural icons selected by artist Sir Peter Blake to appear in a
new version of his most famous artwork the Beatles' Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band album cover
to celebrate the British cultural figures of his life. [231]

Publications
Children
Harry Potter series

1. Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (26 June 1997)

2. Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (2 July 1998)

3. Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (8 July 1999)

4. Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (8 July 2000)

5. Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (21 June 2003)

6. Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (16 July 2005)

7. Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows (21 July 2007)

Related works

Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them (supplement to the Harry Potter series) (1 March 2001)

Quidditch Through the Ages (supplement to the Harry Potter series) (1 March 2001)

The Tales of Beedle the Bard (supplement to the Harry Potter series) (4 December 2008)

Harry Potter and the Cursed Child (story concept) (play written by Jack Thorne) (31 July 2016)

Short Stories from Hogwarts of Power, Politics and Pesky Poltergeists (6 September 2016)

Short Stories from Hogwarts of Heroism, Hardship and Dangerous Hobbies (6 September 2016)

Hogwarts: An Incomplete and Unreliable Guide (6 September 2016)

 Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them (film script) (19 November 2016)
Short stories

Harry Potter : The Prequel (July 2008)

Dumbledore's Army Reunites at Quidditch World Cup Final (June 2014)

Adults
The Casual Vacancy (27 September 2012)
Cormoran Strike series

The Cuckoo's Calling (as Robert Galbraith) (18 April 2013)

The Silkworm (as Robert Galbraith) (19 June 2014)

Career of Evil (as Robert Galbraith) (20 October 2015)

Lethal White (as Robert Galbraith) (forthcoming) [232]

Other
Non-fiction

McNeil, Gil and Brown, Sarah, editors (2002). Foreword to the anthology Magic. Bloomsbury.

Brown, Gordon (2006). Introduction to "Ending Child Poverty" in Moving Britain Forward. Selected
Speeches 19972006. Bloomsbury.

Sussman, Peter Y., editor (26 July 2006). "The First It Girl: J. K. Rowling reviews Decca: the Letters by
Jessica Mitford". The Daily Telegraph.

Anelli, Melissa (2008). Foreword to Harry, A History. Pocket Books.

Rowling, J. K. (5 June 2008). "The Fringe Benefits of Failure, and the Importance of
Imagination". Harvard Magazine.

J. K. Rowling, Very Good Lives: The Fringe Benefits of Failure and Importance of Imagination,
illustrated by Joel Holland, Sphere, 14 April 2015, 80 pages (ISBN 978-1-4087-0678-7).

Rowling, J. K. (30 April 2009). "Gordon Brown The 2009 Time 100". Time magazine.

Rowling, J. K. (14 April 2010). "The Single Mother's Manifesto". The Times.

Rowling, J. K. (30 November 2012). "I feel duped and angry at David Cameron's reaction to
Leveson". The Guardian.

Rowling, J. K. (17 December 2014). Isnt it time we left orphanages to fairytales? The Guardian.

Rowling, J. K. (guest editor) (28 April 2014). "Woman's Hour Takeover". Woman's Hour, BBC Radio 4.
[233]
Filmography
Key

Denotes films that have not yet been released

Credited as

Ref
Year Title Notes
Executiv .
Produce
Writer e
r
producer

Harry Potter and

201 Based on her novel Harry Potter and
the Deathly Yes [98]

0 the Deathly Hallows

Hallows Part 1

Harry Potter and

Based on her novel Harry Potter and
2011 the Deathly Yes [98]

the Deathly Hallows

Hallows Part 2

201 The Casual Television miniseries based on her

Yes [234]

5 Vacancy novel The Casual Vacancy

Fantastic Beasts Based on her Harry

201
and Where to Find Yes Yes Potter supplementary book Fantastic [100]

6
Them Beasts and Where to Find Them

201 In production; television series based

Cormoran Strike Yes [235]

7 on her Cormoran Strike novels

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149. Jump up^ [1] September 2017.

150. Jump up^ [2]14 March2017.

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195. Jump up^ "JK Rowling donates 1m to Scottish independence 'No' campaign and calls some
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196. Jump up^ Various (22 October 2015). "Israel needs cultural bridges, not boycotts letter from JK
Rowling, Simon Schama and others". The Guardian. UK. Retrieved 23 October 2015.

197. Jump up^ "Cultural boycotts:=JK Rowling". Twitlong. UK. 26 October 2015. Retrieved 5
November 2015.

198. Jump up^ JK Rowling (2016). "On Monsters, Villains and the EU Referendum". jkrowling.com.
Retrieved 2016-08-05.

199. ^ Jump up to:a b Shawn Adler (2007). "Harry Potter Author J.K. Rowling Opens Up About Books' Christian
Imagery". mtv. Retrieved 18 October 2007.

200. Jump up^ Linton Weeks (1999). "Charmed, I'm Sure". The Washington Post. Retrieved 17 June 2007.

201. Jump up^ Nelson, Michael. Fantasia: The Gospel According to C.S. Lewis. The American Prospect. 25
February 2002. Retrieved 20 October 2007.

202. Jump up^ Wyman, Max. "You can lead a fool to a book but you can't make them think". Vancouver
Sun. 26 October 2000. Retrieved 29 October 2007.

203. Jump up^ "New Interview with J.K. Rowling for Release of Dutch Edition of "Deathly Hallows"". The
Leaky Cauldron. 2007. Retrieved 15 November 2007.

204. Jump up^ Hale, Mike (16 July 2009). "The Woman Behind the Boy Wizard". The New York Times.
Retrieved 16 November 2010.

205. Jump up^ "Rowling's Christian critics miss the mark". Retrieved 16 November 2010.

206. Jump up^ Cruz, Juan (8 February 2008). "Ser invisible... eso sera lo ms". El Pas (in Spanish).
Edinburgh. Retrieved 9 February 2008.

207. Jump up^ Vieira, Meredith."Harry Potter: The final chapter". MSNBC. Retrieved 30 July 2007.

208. Jump up^ Presenter: Mark Lawson (27 September 2012). "J. K. Rowling". Front Row. Event occurs at
17:45. BBC Radio 4. Retrieved 27 September 2012.

209. Jump up^ Treneman, Ann. "I'm not writing for the money: It's for me and out of loyalty to fans.". The
Times. 20 June 2003. Retrieved 25 October 2007.

210. ^ Jump up to:a b Lisa O'Carroll and Josh Halliday (24 November 2011). "Leveson inquiry: JK Rowling and
Sienna Miller give evidence". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 22 September 2012.
211. Jump up^ Press Complaints Commission: JK Rowling. pcc.org.uk. 2001. Retrieved 8 December 2007.

212. Jump up^ David Murray (by his litigation friends Neil Murray and Joanne Murray) v Big Pictures (UK)
Limited [2008] EWCA Civ 446 (7 May 2008).

213. Jump up^ Lockerbie, Catherine. "All aboard the Hogwarts Express". The Scotsman. UK. 11 July 2000.
Retrieved 30 October 2007.

214. Jump up^ Roy Greenslade (31 January 2014). "JK Rowling sues Daily Mail for libel over 'single mother'
article". The Guardian. Retrieved 19 March 2014.

215. Jump up^ "About the Books: transcript of J.K. Rowling's live interview on Scholastic.com". Archived
from the original on 16 December 2007. 16 October 2000. Retrieved 30 October 2007.

216. Jump up^ O'Carroll, Lisa (14 September 2011). "Leveson phone-hacking inquiry: JK Rowling among
'core participants'". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 24 September 2011.

217. ^ Jump up to:a b "JK Rowling tells Leveson inquiry of press intrusion". BBC. 24 November 2011.
Retrieved 25 November 2011.

218. ^ Jump up to:a b Richard Allen Greene (2011). "J.K. Rowling chased from home by press, she says".
cnn.com. Retrieved 25 November 2011.

219. Jump up^ Rowling, JK (30 November 2012). "I feel duped and angry at David Cameron's reaction to
Leveson". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 3 December 2012.

220. Jump up^ Szalai, Georg (18 March 2014). "Benedict Cumberbatch, Alfonso Cuaron, Maggie Smith Back
U.K. Press Regulation". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 19 March 2014.

221. Jump up^ "Rowling seeks 'Grotter' ban". BBC News, 13 March 2003. Retrieved 21 March 2006."

222. Jump up^ Jack Malvern; Richard Cleroux (13 July 2005). "Reading ban on leaked Harry Potter". The
Times. London. Retrieved 13 March 2009.

223. Jump up^ Michael Geist (18 July 2005). "Harry Potter and the Right to Read". Toronto Star.
Retrieved 12 October 2007.

224. Jump up^ Kirkpatrick, David D. (21 June 2003). "Publisher's Efforts to Keep Story's Secrets Collide With
Free Speech Concerns". New York Times. Retrieved 8 August 2010.

225. Jump up^ Pook, Sally (15 July 2000). "J K Rowling given honorary degree at her alma mater". The Daily
Telegraph. Retrieved 5 May 2010.

226. Jump up^ David Cribb (2006). "JK Rowling receives honorary degree". digital spy. Retrieved 6 June
2008.

227. Jump up^ "'Harry Potter' author JK Rowling receives Honorary Degree". University of Aberdeen.
2006. Retrieved 6 June 2008.

228. Jump up^ Claire M. Guehenno and Laurence H. M. Holland (2008). "J. K. Rowling To Speak at
Commencement". The Harvard Crimson. Retrieved 6 June 2008.

229. Jump up^ "Caine heads birthday honours list". BBC News. 17 June 2000. Retrieved 25 October 2000.

230. Jump up^ "Walters Names Rowling 'Most Fascinating' Of 2007". Access Hollywood.
 231. Jump up^ "New faces on Sgt Pepper album cover for artist Peter Blake's 80th birthday". The Guardian.
11 November 2016.

232. Jump up^https://twitter.com/jk_rowling/status/841637388912848896

233. Jump up^ Alison Flood (10 April 2014). "JK Rowling to become Woman's Hour first guest editor for 60
years". The Guardian. Retrieved 7 May 2014.

234. Jump up^ "J.K. Rowling, HBO, BBC Team for 'Casual Vacancy' Miniseries". Retrieved 2016-08-05.

235. Jump up^ Barraclough, Leo (2016-11-02). "Holliday Grainger to Star in J.K. Rowling's 'Cormoran Strike'
TV Series (EXCLUSIVE)". Variety. Retrieved 2016-11-22

8.) DIANE VON FURSTENBERG

Diane von Frstenberg, formerly Princess Diane of Frstenberg (German: Diane Prinzessin zu
Frstenberg; born Diane Simone Michelle Halfin; December 31, 1946) is a Belgian-American fashion
designer best known for her iconic wrap dress.[1][2] She initially rose to prominence when she married into the
German princely House of Frstenberg, as the wife of Prince Egon of Frstenberg. Following their divorce in
1972, she has continued to use his family name. [citation needed]
Her fashion company, Diane von Furstenberg (DVF) [3] is a global luxury lifestyle brand available in over 70
countries and 45 free-standing shops worldwide, [4] with the company's headquarters and flagship boutique
located in Manhattan's Meatpacking District.[5]
She is president of the Council of Fashion Designers of America (CFDA), a position she has held since 2006;
[2]
in 2014 was listed as the 68th most powerful woman in the world by Forbes;[6] and in 2015 was included in
the Time 100, as an Icon, by Time Magazine.[7]

Contents
[hide]

1Early years

2Career and brand

3Philanthropy

4Pop culture

5Marriages and issue

6Titles and styles

7Published works

8See also

9References

10External links

Early years[edit]
Frstenberg was born as Diane Simone Michelle Halfin in Brussels, Belgium, to Jewish parents.[8] Her father
was Moldavian-born Leon (Lipa) Halfin, who had migrated to Belgium in 1929 from Chiinu.[9] Her mother
was Greek-born Liliane Nahmias, a Holocaust survivor.[10] 18 months before Frstenberg was born, her mother
was a prisoner at Auschwitz concentration camp. Furstenberg has spoken broadly about her mother's influence
in her life, crediting her with teaching her that "fear is not an option". [11]
Frstenberg attended Madrid University before transferring to the University of Geneva to study economics.
[12]
She then moved to Paris and worked as an assistant to fashion photographer's agent, Albert Koski.[2] She left
Paris for Italy to work as an apprentice to the textile manufacturer Angelo Ferretti in his factory, where she
learned about cut, color and fabric.[2] It was here that she designed and produced her first silk jersey dresses.

Career and brand[edit]

Diane von Furstenberg during New York Fashion Week.

A year after marrying Prince Egon, Diane von Furstenberg began designing women's clothes - "The minute I
knew I was about to be Egon's wife, I decided to have a career. I wanted to be someone of my own, and not
just a plain little girl who got married beyond her desserts." [citation needed] Her former husband also became a fashion
designer in 1974. After moving to New York, she met with high-profile Vogue editor Diana Vreeland, who
declared her designs "absolutely smashing". She had her name listed on the Fashion Calendar for New York
Fashion Week, and so her business was created.[2]
In 1974 she introduced the knitted jersey "wrap dress", an example of which, due to its influence on women's
fashion, is in the collection of the Costume Institute of the Metropolitan Museum of Art. [1][3][13][14] After the
phenomenal success of the wrap dress, Furstenberg was featured on the cover of Newsweek magazine in
1976.[15][16] The accompanying article declared her "the most marketable woman since Coco Chanel."[17] She
launched a cosmetic line and her first fragrance, "Tatiana", named after her daughter.[17] The New York
Times reported that by 1979 the annual retail sales for the company were $150 million. [2]
In 1985, she moved to Paris, France where she founded Salvy, a French-language publishing house.
[2]
Furstenberg started a number of other businesses including a line of cosmetics and a home-shopping
business, which she launched in 1991. In 1992, Furstenberg sold 1.2 million dollars worth of her Silk Assets
collection in two hours on QVC.[17] She credited this success with giving her the confidence to re-launch her
company.[citation needed]
Furstenberg re-launched her company in 1997, and re-introduced the wrap dress, which gained traction with an
entirely new generation of women. In 1998, she published her business memoir, Diane: A Signature Life.[2] In
2004, she introduced the DVF by H. Stern fine jewelry collection, and launched scarves and beachwear. In
2006, she was elected as President of the Council of Fashion Designers of America, a position she still holds
today. In 2008, she received a star on Seventh Avenue's Fashion Walk of Fame. [2]
In 2009, Michelle Obama wore the DVF signature Chain Link print wrap dress on The Official White House
Christmas Card.[18] That same year, a large-scale retrospective exhibition entitled "Diane von Furstenberg:
Journey of a Dress" opened at the Manezh, one of Moscow's largest public exhibition spaces. The show was
curated by Andre Leon Talley and attracted a lot of media attention. In 2010, the exhibition traveled to So
Paulo, and in 2011, to the Pace Gallery in Beijing.[19]
In 2010, von Furstenberg was awarded a Gold Medal at the annual Queen Sofia Spanish Institute Gold Medal
Gala.[20] In 2011, DVF introduced a home collection as well as a signature fragrance, DIANE. [21]
In 2012, she launched her first childrens collection with GapKids [22]
and a denim collaboration with
CURRENT/ELLIOTT.[23]
Her clothes have been worn by many celebrities including Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge, Gwyneth
Paltrow, Kate Beckinsale, Madonna, Tina Brown, Jessica Alba, Susan Sarandon and Jennifer Lopez.[24] Google
Glass made its New York Fashion Week Debut at the designer's Spring 2013 fashion show.[25]
In 2014, she joined the Ban Bossy campaign as a spokesperson advocating leadership roles for girls. [26][27][28]

Philanthropy[edit]
Furstenberg is a director of The Diller von Furstenberg Family Foundation, which provides support to non-
profit organizations in the area of community building, education, human rights, arts, health and the
environment.[29] The foundation supports the "DVF Awards", presented annually to four women who display
leadership, strength, and courage in their commitment to women's causes, [30] and in 2011, the foundation made
a $20 million commitment to the High Line.[31]
Furstenberg sits on the board of Vital Voices, a womens leadership organization,[32] and served as one of the
project chairs for New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg's review of the future of NYC's Fashion industry,
[33]
which was prepared by NYCEDC.
In 2016, Furstenberg designed shirts for Hillary Clinton's presidential campaign.[34][35]

Pop culture[edit]
Furstenberg is referred to in Dolly Parton's 1981 song "Working Girl". In 2014, Ovation TV featured the The
Fashion Fund, a documentary about the CFDA/Vogue Fashion Fund competition. Furstenberg starred
alongside Anna Wintour in the program.[36]
In 2014, the E! network aired the first season of reality show House of DVF. Contestants on the show
performed various tasks and challenges in the hopes of becoming a global brand ambassador for Diane von
Furstenberg.[37][38] The show has since returned for a second season. [39]

Marriages and issue[edit]

Diane von Furstenberg with her second husband Barry Diller at the 2009 Metropolitan Opera premiere.

At university, when she was 18, she met Prince Egon of Frstenberg, the elder son of Prince Tassilo zu
Frstenberg, a German Roman Catholic prince, and his first wife, Clara Agnelli, an heiress to
the Fiat automotive fortune and member of the Italian nobility. Married in 1969,[14] the couple had two
children, Prince Alexander,[40] and Princess Tatiana, who were born in New York City. She is now the
grandmother of four, including Princess Talita.
The Frstenbergs' marriage, although unpopular with the groom's family because of the bride's Jewish
ethnicity, was considered dynastic, and on her marriage she became Her Serene Highness Princess Diane of
Frstenberg.[41] However, she lost any claim to the title following her divorce and her 2001 remarriage. [42]
In 2001, she married American media mogul Barry Diller.[40]

Titles and styles[edit]

31 December 19461969: Miss Diane Simone Michelle Halfin

19691972: Her Serene Highness Princess Diane of Frstenberg

19722001: Diane von Furstenberg

2001present: Diane von Furstenberg, Mrs. Diller

Published works[edit]
Furstenberg, Diane von (1998). Diane: A Signature Life. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0684843834.

Furstenberg, Diane von (2014). The Woman I Wanted to Be. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-
1451651546.

See also[edit]
Diane Von Frstenberg Runway Shows and Fashion Collections

References[edit]
1. ^ Jump up to:a b "Diane von Furstenberg RTW Fall 2014". WWD. February 9, 2014. Retrieved February
10, 2014.

2. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h i "Diane von Furstenberg". Vogue. Retrieved July 17, 2012.

3. ^ Jump up to:a b Schneier, Matthew. "Diane von Furstenberg". The New York Times. Retrieved July
17, 2012.

4. Jump up^ Jess Cartner-Morley, Diane von Furstenberg: "I danced at Studio 54. Now I work with
Google", theguardian.com, July 1, 2014.

5. Jump up^ "Diane von Furstenberg". Meatpacking district. Retrieved July 16, 2012.

6. Jump up^ "The World's 100 Most Powerful Women". Forbes. Forbes. Retrieved June 26, 2014.

7. Jump up^ "How We Pick the TIME 100". Retrieved July 14, 2016.

8. Jump up^ "Top 50 most influential Jews 2013: Places 3140". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved October
19, 2013.
9. Jump up^ "Interview with Diane von Furstenberg". Forward. Retrieved September 22, 2010.

10. Jump up^ "Diane Von Furstenberg MAKERS PROFILE". Makers: Women Who Make America.
Retrieved March 20, 2014.

11. Jump up^ "Diane von Furstenberg on Her Work". Ujafedny. Archived from the original on November 13,
2012. Retrieved July 16, 2012.

12. Jump up^ "Diane von Furstenberg profile". Retrieved July 14, 2016.

13. Jump up^ "Madonna's New Video "Turn Up the Radio"". In Style. Retrieved July 17, 2012.

14. ^ Jump up to:a b Amanda Christine Miller,"Diane von Furstenberg On Wrap Dresses And The Joys Of
Aging Gracefully", HuffingtonPost.com, March 28, 2008.

15. Jump up^ "The Iconic Wrap Dress : Diane von Furstenberg", 09/21/14, vintagefashionguide.com

16. Jump up^ Menkes, Suzy (December 1, 1998). "The Charmed Lives and Free Spirit of Diane Von
Furstenberg: It's a Wrap: The Image of an Era". The New York Times. Retrieved July 17, 2012.

17. ^ Jump up to:a b c "Diane Von Furstenberg Designer Fashion Label". New York. Retrieved July 17, 2012.

18. Jump up^ "One dress changed Diane von Furstenberg's life". CBS News. Retrieved July 18, 2012.

19. Jump up^ Barboza, David (December 17, 2010). "Diane Von Furstenberg and China: A Perfect
Fit?". The New York Times. Retrieved July 17, 2012.

20. Jump up^ "Gala Queen Sofa". Spanish Institute. Retrieved July 17, 2012.

21. Jump up^ "Diane von Furstenberg celebrates fragrance launch with flash mob". Harper's Bazaar. UK.
Retrieved July 18, 2012.

22. Jump up^ "Diane von Furstenberg Fetes New Gap Kids Line, Set to Launch March 15". NBC New York.
Retrieved July 18, 2012.

23. Jump up^ Zalopany, Chelsea (February 2, 2012). "Now Collaborating Diane Von Furstenberg +
Current/Elliot". T magazine. Retrieved July 18, 2012.

24. Jump up^ Moss, Hilary (July 8, 2011). "Kate Middleton Wears Roksanda Ilincic, DVF & Jenny Packham
In California". The Huffington Post. Retrieved July 18, 2012.

25. Jump up^ "NY Fashion week: Diane von Furstenburg (sic)", MS fabulous, September 2012.

26. Jump up^ Jolie Lee (May 10, 2014). "Beyonce, Jennifer Garner, Jane Lynch join 'Ban Bossy"
campaign". USA Today. Retrieved August 8, 2014.

27. Jump up^ "Facebook COO Sandberg's ludicrous crusade against bossy". New York Post. March 17,
2014. Retrieved March 20, 2014.

28. Jump up^ "Beyonc, Jennifer Garner, Jane Lynch join prominent women in #BanBossy campaign". New
York Daily News. March 10, 2014. Retrieved August 8, 2014.

29. Jump up^ "Directors". The Diller von Furstenberg Family Foundation. Retrieved April 19, 2012.

30. Jump up^ "Philanthropy". The DFV awards. USA: DvF. Retrieved April 19, 2012.
31. Jump up^ "Diller von Furstenberg Family Foundation Makes Historic $20M Commitment to the Future
of". The High Line. October 27, 2011. Retrieved April 19, 2012.

32. Jump up^ "Board of Directors". Vital Voices. Retrieved April 19, 2012.

33. Jump up^ Strauss, Steven; Sundjaja, Kristy; Gandhi, Meghana; Wong, Victor; Yoo, Jennifer
(2012). Fashion.NYC.2020 (PDF). NYCEDC.

34. Jump up^ "Diane von Furstenberg Tee". Retrieved July 14, 2016.

35. Jump up^ Yotka, Steff. "Diane von Furstenberg and Eva Fehren Join Hillary Clinton's Made for History
T-Shirt Project". Retrieved July 14, 2016.

36. Jump up^ Steigrad, Alexandra. "Anna Wintour, 'The Fashion Fund' to Air on Cable TV". WWD.
Retrieved January 14, 2014.

37. Jump up^ "House of DVF". E! Online. Retrieved June 22, 2015.

38. Jump up^ Zinko, Carolyne. "Diane von Furstenberg picks SF native as winner of "House of DVF" TV
contest". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved June 22, 2015.

39. Jump up^ Mau, Dhani. "'House of DVF' Is Coming Back For A 2nd Season". Fashionista.
Retrieved June 22, 2015.

40. ^ Jump up to:a b Maynard, Joyce (February 16, 1977). "The Princess Who is Everywhere". The New York
Times.

41. Jump up^ Genealogisches Handbuch Des Adels: Frstliche Huser [Genealogical Handbook of the
nobility: Princely Houses] (in German), CA Starke, 1991, p. 261

42. Jump up^ Morris, Bernardine (April 18, 1975). "Basic Dresses in Sexy Prints and Washable". The New
York Times.
 9.) CHER WANG
Cher Wang (traditional Chinese: ; simplified Chinese: ; pinyin: Wng Xuhng; 15 September
1958) is a Taiwaneseentrepreneur and philanthropist born in Taipei, Taiwan. As co-founder and chairperson
(since 2007[1]) of HTC Corporation (which manufactured one out of every six smartphones sold in the United
States) and integrated chipset maker VIA Technologies. She is considered one of the most powerful and
successful women in technology.[2] Wang's father was Wang Yung-ching,[3] founder of the plastics and
petrochemicals conglomerate Formosa Plastics Group and one of the wealthiest individuals in Taiwan before
his death in 2008.[4] As of 2014, she is listed as the 54th most powerful woman in the world by Forbes.[5]

Contents
[hide]

1Education

2Career

3Philanthropy

4Personal life

5References

6External links

Education[edit]
Wang studied abroad at The College Preparatory School in Oakland, California, and went on to receive her
bachelor's degree in economics[6] from the University of California, Berkeley in 1981.

Career[edit]
She joined First International Computer (FIC) in 1982.[7] Wang and others founded VIA in 1987 and HTC in
1997. In May 2011, Forbes ranked her with husband Wen Chi Chen as the wealthiest person in Taiwan, with a
net worth of US$8.8 billion.[8] In August 2012, Wang was named #56 on Forbes' list of The World's 100 Most
Powerful Women.[9] As of 2014, she is listed as the 54th most powerful woman in the world by Forbes.[5] Oct.
2014, Cher Wang refused to accept the Final Award of the "HKIAC / A11022 arbitration" and appealed to the
Hong Kong High Court ( Case No.:HCCT40 / 2014) before Judge Mimmie Chan. Wang asserted that the Award
was contrary to public policy, but as evidence in court shown that VIA product- VT3421 anti-hack chip (also
named asTF376), suspected in assisting the Chinese government of surveilling mobile devices of anti-
communist individual and against Human Right. VIA executives Li Shaolun (Steven S. Lee) admitted in the
proceedings thad VIA chips did have "back door" . Evidenced the United States former NSA employee Edward
Joseph Snowden disclosed to the international media in Hong Kong around June ,2013. The US government
secretly built a "PRISM program which is a global network monitoring, surveillance in computers, mobile
phones and networking devices which serious invades the privacy; Oliver Stone directed and was co-
screenwriting with Kieran Fitzgerald made the Snowden Story into a 2016 American political thriller
Movie :"Snowden storm". The Hong Kong HKIAC sentenced VIA with compensation . [10] After hearing before the
Justice Mimmie Chan, the High Court of Hong Kong, she believed the Award was in violation of Hong Kong's
public order and morals. In June 2015 in She remised the case back to Arbitrator Anthony Neoh. The tribunal
upheld the conviction in October 2015, VIA lost the case for millions of dollars and put out in VIAs Annual
Report.[11]
2016, Wang claimed as an avid philanthropist was found by Magazine in Taiwan accusing that she uses the
name of God for charity. Within past six years , only one ten thousandth (0.012%)of the assets allocated to the
social welfare fund. Wangs Charity Foundations are holding eight investment companies stocks with market
value of over US$2 billion. However, only US$ twenty-seven thousand(427,000) has actually donated for
charity. [12]

Philanthropy[edit]
In 2011 Wang donated US$28.1 million to help found Guizhou Forerunner College, a charitable college in
southwest China set up by VIA Technologies' non-profit Faith-Hope-Love Foundation. [13] The not-for-profit
college aims to provide three years of free or low-cost education to students from low-income families. Wang
has stated that if the college proves successful she may well set up additional similar institutions in other parts
of the country.
Wang has also made significant donations to the University of California, Berkeley, including funding to support
and enhance the prestigious American Physical Society's Oliver E. Buckley Condensed Matter Prize, given to
researchers who make considerable contributions to the field of condensed-matter physics.[14]
Wang and Chen also provide funding to support a collaborative program between the psychology departments
at UC Berkeley and Tsinghua University in Beijing.[15] The Berkeley-Tsinghua Program for the Advanced Study
in Psychology aims to create and support collaborative, psychological research between faculty and students
from both universities.
In August 2012 Wang donated 6,000 HTC Flyer tablet PCs to 60 high schools in Taipei.[16]

Personal life[edit]
Wang is an avid philanthropist who says she prefers to stay out of the limelight despite her many
accomplishments.[7] She has begun to insert herself in Taiwan politics, however, by supporting Taiwan
President Ma Ying-jeou in his bid for re-election[17] and by voicing her support for the 1992 Consensus.[18] Her
husband is Wen Chi Chen, the CEO of VIA Technologies. Wang is Christian. She has two children.[7]

References[edit]
1. Jump up^ "Executive Profile: Cher Wang". Businessweek. Retrieved 5 March 2013.

2. Jump up^ "Most Influential Women in Technology 2011 - Cher Wang". FastCompany. Retrieved 10
January 2013.

3. Jump up^ Kovac, Matt (2005-07-11). "Taiwan's Priestess of The PDA". Business Week. Retrieved 2008-
08-08.

4. Jump up^ "Wang, Billionaire who led Formosa Plastic death at 91". The New york Times. Retrieved 27
July 2014.

5. ^ Jump up to:a b "The World's 100 Most Powerful Women". Forbes. Forbes. Retrieved 26 June 2014.

6. Jump up^ Adams, Jonathan (2010-03-03). "Strain on HTC From Apple Suit Is Likely to Be Long-
Term". New York Times. Retrieved 2010-03-03.
 7. ^ Jump up to:a b c Holson, Laura (2008-10-26). "With Smartphones, Cher Wang Made Her Own Fortune".
The New York Times. Retrieved 2008-10-29.

8. Jump up^ Flannery, Russell (2011-05-25). "Taiwan's 40 Richest". Forbes. Retrieved 2011-05-25.

9. Jump up^ "The World's 100 Most Powerful Women". Forbes. 2012-08-22. Retrieved 2013-01-15.

10. Jump up^ "VIA and Falungon". One Magazine.

11. Jump up^ "VIA Annual Report" (PDF). VIA.

12. Jump up^ "False Charity". New7.

13. Jump up^ Cheng-yen, Han (2011-09-24). "HTC's Cher Wang opens vocational school in Guizhou". Want
China Times. Retrieved 2013-01-15.

14. Jump up^ "Buckley Prize Receives Major Donation from Taiwanese Company". APS News. November
2012. Retrieved 2013-01-15.

15. Jump up^ Anwar, Yasmin (2010-07-15). "UC Berkeley psychologists bring science of happiness to
China". US Berkeley News Center. Retrieved 2013-01-15.

16. Jump up^ "HTC's Cher Wang ranked 56th on Forbes' list of powerful women". Want China Times. 2012-
08-24. Retrieved 2013-01-17.

17. Jump up^ "Ma Ying-jeou wins Taiwan election," Financial Times, January 14, 2012

10.) ZHANG XIN

Zhang Xin (simplified Chinese: ; traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: Zhng Xn, born 1965) is a Chinese
business magnate. She is co-founder and CEO of SOHO China, the largest prime office commercial real
estate developer in Beijing and Shanghai. SOHO China has developed over 54 million square feet in projects in
Beijing and Shanghai. Her collaborations with world-renowned architects have resulted in iconic landmark
buildings that transformed Chinese skylines. In 2014 SOHO China launched SOHO 3Q pioneering the
concept of coworking in China.
As of 2014, Zhang Xin is listed as the 62nd most powerful woman in the world by Forbes.[6]
As one of China's most celebrated female entrepreneurs, Zhang Xin has an online following of over 10 million
fans on Sina Weibo, the Chinese version of Twitter.
Zhang Xin and her husband Pan Shiyi founded the SOHO China Foundation in 2005 as a philanthropic
organization to engage in education focused initiatives to alleviate poverty. In July 2014, the SOHO China
Foundation announced the SOHO China Scholarships a US $100 million initiative to endow financial aid
scholarships at leading international universities. [citation needed]
The SOHO China Foundation signed a US $15 million gift agreement with Harvard University in July 2014, and
a US $10 million gift agreement with Yale University in October 2014.

Contents
[hide]
 1Early life and education

2Career

3Personal life

4References

5Further reading

6External links

Early life and education[edit]

In the 1950s, Zhang Xin's parents, second generation Burmese Chinese, left Burma and immigrated to China.[7]
[8]
There, they worked as translators at the Foreign Languages Press. [9] They separated during the Cultural
Revolution.
Born in Beijing in 1965, Zhang Xin moved to Hong Kong at the age of 14 with her mother and lived in a room
just big enough for two bunk beds. To save for an education abroad, she worked for five years in small factories
that made garment and electronic products.
By 19, she had saved enough for airfare to London and supporting herself for English study at secretarial
school.[10] Later, she studied Economics at the University of Sussex. In 1992, she graduated with a master's
degree in Development Economics from Cambridge University.[11] In 2013, Zhang Xin received honorary Doctor
of Laws from her Alma Mater, University of Sussex.

Career[edit]
Upon graduation, she was hired by Goldman Sachs and started working for the investment bank in Hong Kong.
She returned to her hometown, Beijing. She co-founded Hongshi (meaning Red Stone), which became SOHO
China, with her husband Pan Shiyi in 1995.[10]
The couple was described by The Times of London as 'Chinas most visible and flamboyant property tycoons'.[9]
SOHO China is the largest prime office property developer in Beijing and Shanghai with 5.4 million square
meters (54 million square feet) in developments. The company is widely acclaimed for its iconic landmark
building designed by international architects such as Shigeru Ban Kengo Kuma and Zaha Hadid.
Zhang Xin has won many prestigious international awards for her role as a patron of architecture in China and
as an innovative entrepreneur. She was awarded a Special Prize at the 8th la Biennale di
Venezia for Commune by the Great Wall, a private collection of architecture featuring the works of twelve Asian
architects. Commune by the Great Wall is now a boutique hotel. In 2008, she was listed
among Forbes magazine's "World's Most Powerful Women". In 2009, Zhang Xin was included among Forbes
"Top Ten Billionaire Women We Admire" and Financial Times "Top 50 Women in World Business". In 2011,
Zhang Xin was named among the "The International Power 50" of the "Most Powerful Women"
by Fortune magazine, and was again recognized as one of "World's Most Powerful Women" by Forbes.
Zhang Xin is a member and Young Global Leader of World Economic Forum, Davos, a member of the Global
Board of Advisors of the Council on Foreign Relations, and a Board Member of the Harvard Global Advisory
Council. She served as a Trustee to the China Institute in America from 2005 to 2010, and was recognized by
the China Institute with the Blue Cloud Award in 2010.

Personal life[edit]
Zhang Xin and her husband, Pan Shiyi, are members of the Bah' Faith .[3][4][5] She also made a cameo
appearance as a Chinese merchant in the 2010 film Wall Street: Money Never Sleeps.
References[edit]
1. Jump up^ "BBC Radio 4 profile of Zhang Xin by Justin Bolby".

2. Jump up^ Chiou, Pauline (3 July 2013). "Richer than Trump or Oprah: Meet China's female property
magnate". CNN. Retrieved 4 July 2013.

3. ^ Jump up to:a b Macau Daily Times: SOHO not interested in Macaus casinos Archived 25 February 2010
at the Wayback Machine. (09-02-2010)

4. ^ Jump up to:a b Forbes: A Billionaire Worth Rooting For? (12-03-2010)

5. ^ Jump up to:a b MarketWatch: Chinese Billionaire Embraces Religion (06-03-2011)

6. Jump up^ "The World's 100 Most Powerful Women". Forbes. Forbes. Retrieved 26 June 2014.

7. Jump up^ Foster, Peter (27 June 2010). "Meet Zhang Xin, China's self-made billionairess". Telegraph
UK. Retrieved 4 March 2013.

8. Jump up^ Li, Ingrid. Zhang Xin: On the Return to China. Jorge Pinto Books. pp. 1
2. ISBN 9780977472413.

9. ^ Jump up to:a b Bettina von Hase (2008-08-02). "Zhang Xin and Pan Shiyi: Beijing's It-couple". The
Times of London. Retrieved 2010-08-06.

10. ^ Jump up to:a b William Mellor (September 2010). "Beijing Billionaire Who Grew Up With Mao Sees No
Housing Bubble". Bloomberg Markets magazine. Retrieved 2010-08-06.

11. Jump up^ "Meet Zhang Xin, China's self-made billionairess". The Telegraph. Retrieved 5 March 2013.

Further reading[edit]
Gillet, Kit. "ZHANG XIN" (Archive). China International Business (CIB). January 2010 issue, January
19, 2010