Overcurrent Relay Connections Overcurrent Relay Types

a
b
. Instantaneous (50, 50 N)

. Time-Delayed (51, 51 N)
l. T

310

I \~ / D"'"' T;m'
>'"~~eT;me

Ipu

Overcurrent Relay Setting 51 Element Pickup Setting

Currenl
. 51 Elements
. Pickup setting
. Time delay setting Minimum Fault 2 1.5 Pickup
. definite time: time setting
..0 Pickup ~ 1.5 Max. Load
. inverse lime: curve seleclion
Maximum Load

. 50 Elements: Pickup Setting o

Maximum Load Condition Cold-Load Restoration Current

. Phase Relays: Short-Time Maximum

. Magnetizing Inrush Currents to
Transformers and Motors
Load (Emergency Conditions, 1 Hour
Or More) . Currents to Raise Temperature on
. Ground Relays: Maximum Zero-
Lamp Filaments and Heater
Elements
Sequence Unbalance
. Motor Starting Currents

2
.~

Typical Motor Starting Current Typical Cold-Load Currents

160 r:-- StartingCunent
e 400
1501 f- First>lCyole
140 ~
6
e
130
120
110 Molar
"
~
300 IS-Mnute Outage
~ 100 10HP,460V,36 10-Mlnute Outa,e
8 90
FLA: 14A
~
~
200

~ ~g Rela,
60
50
40 Running Speed - i
~
100
Pdup \. S-MinuteOulage

30 Molor En..gized
20 /' FLA ,me in Seoonds
10
O Five-, Ten-, and Flfteen-Minute Outage Pdup
Time
- CulVes lar FirstF've Seconds After Reslo""'on

Effect of Cold-Load Restoration on Minimum Fault Condition

Overcurrent Relays

.. 50 Elements May Misoperate If Set Low

Inverse-Time Elements Are Less Affected . MinimumGeneration
Than Definite-Time Elements .
. Adaptive Solutions in Digital Relays
Fault Type
. Phase relays: L-L fault (1L-L=0,866
. Groundrelays:SLGfault
'3PH)

Coordination Objective Time Delay Setting (1)

. Operate As Fast As Possible in the

Primary Zone F,
Relay F, F,
. Operate With the Minimum Required
Delay in the Backup Zone

3
1 J
J
J
Inverse-Time Relay Coordination
Time Delay Setting (2)
J
. Delay Operation tor Fault F 1

. Operation tor Fault F2Will Be Delayed

. Provide Fast Operation tor Clase-In
,~ ,
,
,,
J---..
,, Distance
J

Faults
. Inversa-time relays
T
,
,,
~~ J
, LIT
. Instantaneous and definite-tme relays
, '~~
,', ,
Distance J
J
1
J
Family of IEEE Inverse Characteristics Coordinating Time Interval (h. T)
,"~ """",,,-,", .
I
J
T backup = T primary + !J.T
I
. Breaker Operation Time J
j,
]
. Electromechanical Relay Overtravel
I
. Safety Margin J

."
. Typical Va/ue: 200-400 ms
1
W'-.,~,.'-
J

.
j

I!
j
Curva Selection Coordination Process
!!
j
. Primary Relay: We Know the Pickup
. 1stStep: Find Maximum Fau/t Current
and the Curva

. Backup Relay: We Know the Pickup . 2ndStep: Find Tprimary j

. Goal: Find the Curve tor the Backup . 3rdStep: Find Tbackup
ti
Re/ay . 4th Step: Find the Backup Relay Curva J
I!
J!
 1st Step : Find Maximum Fault Current 2nd Step : Find Tprimary

T
Backup Primary Fault

\:
Relay Relay Primary Relay
Curve
. Fault Location: Remote Bus
. Maximum Generation Tp"m"Y _u--1o---
+
,,
. Fault Type
. Phase relays: 3PH fault I m" f,,'
. Ground relays SLG fault

3rd Step : Find Tbackup 4th Step : Find the Backup Relay Curva

T select This C

T backup = T primary + fj. T

Tb'CkUP ~
~.~o, R~~:
'm
I m". "u,

Instantaneous Overcurrent Element

Both R:.lays Should Be of the Sama Type
Application
.'~::._-'
;:;;::-: ~"""'.'

~
~
."
~"
"
" t,
"
\\ ~ -,
,=" ~~"

" .~,
\' '-
Mm,.,

'o.~'"

T
,~ ,
;-.
:Distance

7_7-/- - --,
/:
.. 000
- - -,o..~",.oo.
0= ~= w~w- Distance

5
"'i

Definite-Time Relay Coordination

50 Element Pickup Setting

,,,

Relay Max. Fault ,~

T
+
,,
....---..
:Oistance
,,
,
--r-,,
I pickup = 1.25 I max.fl\.
11-
Distance

Three-Zone Definite-Time Three-Zone Definite-Time

Overcurrent Protection (1) Overcurrent Protection (2)

2nd lene .

Ipu = 1.2 I pu zone1 primary relay

1S1zone
: Ipu = 1.25 I madI.
Tzone 2 = Tzone 1 primary relay + !1T
Tzone1 = Instantaneous

Three-Zone Definite-Time Overcurrent Protection

Overcurrent Protection (3) Summary

3rd zone . . Current Information Only

. Simple and Economical
Ipu = 2 I max. IDad
. Phase Elements: Low Sensitivity

Ipu.:5:lmin.flt.1.5
. Ground Elements: High Sensitivity
. Requires Frequent Setting Revision
Tzone3 = Tzone2 prmary relay +!1T . Application: Radial Unes